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-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 12. Group Mapping MS Windows and UNIX</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 11. Account Information Databases"><link rel="next" href="AccessControls.html" title="Chapter 13. File, Directory and Share Access Controls"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 12. Group Mapping MS Windows and UNIX</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="passdb.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="AccessControls.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="groupmapping"></a>Chapter 12. Group Mapping MS Windows and UNIX</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jean François</span> <span class="surname">Micouleau</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerald</span> <span class="othername">(Jerry)</span> <span class="surname">Carter</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2909181">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2909551">Discussion</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2909853">Default Users, Groups and Relative Identifiers</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910488">Example Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910567">Configuration Scripts</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910581">Sample smb.conf Add Group Script</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910716">Script to Configure Group Mapping</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910824">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910839">Adding Groups Fails</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910907">Adding MS Windows Groups to MS Windows Groups Fails</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2910933">Adding Domain Users to the Power Users Group</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2909098"></a>
- Starting with Samba-3, new group mapping functionality is available to create associations
- between Windows group SIDs and UNIX groups. The <b class="command">groupmap</b> subcommand
- included with the <span class="application">net</span> tool can be used to manage these associations.
- </p><p>
- The new facility for mapping NT Groups to UNIX system groups allows the administrator to decide
- which NT Domain Groups are to be exposed to MS Windows clients. Only those NT Groups that map
- to a UNIX group that has a value other than the default (<tt class="constant">-1</tt>) will be exposed
- in group selection lists in tools that access domain users and groups.
- </p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909148"></a>
- The <i class="parameter"><tt>domain admin group</tt></i> parameter has been removed in Samba-3 and should no longer
- be specified in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>. This parameter was used to give the listed users membership in the
- <tt class="constant">Domain Admins</tt> Windows group which gave local admin rights on their workstations
- (in default configurations).
- </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2909181"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Samba allows the administrator to create MS Windows NT4/200x group accounts and to
- arbitrarily associate them with UNIX/Linux group accounts.
- </p><p>
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2909199"></a>
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2909207"></a>
- Group accounts can be managed using the MS Windows NT4 or MS Windows 200x/XP Professional MMC tools.
- Appropriate interface scripts should be provided in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> if it is desired that UNIX/Linux system
- accounts should be automatically created when these tools are used. In the absence of these scripts, and
- so long as <b class="command">winbindd</b> is running, Samba group accounts that are created using these
- tools will be allocated UNIX UIDs/GIDs from the ID range specified by the
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909237"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>idmap uid</tt></i>/<a class="indexterm" name="id2909250"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>idmap gid</tt></i>
- parameters in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file.
- </p><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-sid2gid"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 12.1. IDMAP: group SID to GID resolution.</b></p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="projdoc/imagefiles/idmap-sid2gid.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP: group SID to GID resolution."></div></div><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-gid2sid"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 12.2. IDMAP: GID resolution to matching SID.</b></p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="projdoc/imagefiles/idmap-gid2sid.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP: GID resolution to matching SID."></div></div><p>
- In both cases, when winbindd is not running, only locally resolvable groups can be recognized. Please refer to
- <link linkend="idmap-sid2gid"> and <link linkend="idmap-gid2sid">. The <b class="command">net groupmap</b> is
- used to establish UNIX group to NT SID mappings as shown in <link linkend="idmap-store-gid2sid">.
- </p><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-store-gid2sid"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 12.3. IDMAP storing group mappings.</b></p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="projdoc/imagefiles/idmap-store-gid2sid.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP storing group mappings."></div></div><p>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909453"></a>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909460"></a>
- Administrators should be aware that where <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> group interface scripts make
- direct calls to the UNIX/Linux system tools (the shadow utilities, <b class="command">groupadd</b>,
- <b class="command">groupdel</b>, and <b class="command">groupmod</b>), the resulting UNIX/Linux group names will be subject
- to any limits imposed by these tools. If the tool does not allow upper case characters
- or space characters, then the creation of an MS Windows NT4/200x style group of
- <span class="emphasis"><em>Engineering Managers</em></span> will attempt to create an identically named
- UNIX/Linux group, an attempt that will of course fail.
- </p><p>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909513"></a>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909521"></a>
- There are several possible work-arounds for the operating system tools limitation. One
- method is to use a script that generates a name for the UNIX/Linux system group that
- fits the operating system limits, and that then just passes the UNIX/Linux group ID (GID)
- back to the calling Samba interface. This will provide a dynamic work-around solution.
- </p><p>
- Another work-around is to manually create a UNIX/Linux group, then manually create the
- MS Windows NT4/200x group on the Samba server and then use the <b class="command">net groupmap</b>
- tool to connect the two to each other.
- </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2909551"></a>Discussion</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- When installing <span class="application">MS Windows NT4/200x</span> on a computer, the installation
- program creates default users and groups, notably the <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group,
- and gives that group privileges necessary privileges to perform essential system tasks,
- such as the ability to change the date and time or to kill (or close) any process running on the
- local machine.
- </p><p>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909584"></a>
- The <tt class="constant">Administrator</tt> user is a member of the <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group, and thus inherits
- <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group privileges. If a <tt class="constant">joe</tt> user is created to be a member of the
- <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group, <tt class="constant">joe</tt> has exactly the same rights as the user,
- <tt class="constant">Administrator</tt>.
- </p><p>
- When an MS Windows NT4/200x/XP machine is made a Domain Member, the &#8220;<span class="quote">Domain Admins</span>&#8221; group of the
- PDC is added to the local <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group of the workstation. Every member of the
- <tt class="constant">Domain Administrators</tt> group inherits the rights of the local <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group when
- logging on the workstation.
- </p><p>
- The following steps describe how to make Samba PDC users members of the <tt class="constant">Domain Admins</tt> group?
- </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p>
- Create a UNIX group (usually in <tt class="filename">/etc/group</tt>), let's call it <tt class="constant">domadm</tt>.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Add to this group the users that must be &#8220;<span class="quote">Administrators</span>&#8221;. For example,
- if you want <tt class="constant">joe, john</tt> and <tt class="constant">mary</tt> to be administrators,
- your entry in <tt class="filename">/etc/group</tt> will look like this:
- </p><pre class="programlisting">
- domadm:x:502:joe,john,mary
- </pre><p>
- </p></li><li><p>
- Map this domadm group to the &#8220;<span class="quote">Domain Admins</span>&#8221; group by running the command:
- </p><p>
- </p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap add ntgroup=&#8220;<span class="quote">Domain Admins</span>&#8221; UNIXgroup=domadm</tt></b>
- </pre><p>
- </p><p>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909766"></a>
- The quotes around &#8220;<span class="quote">Domain Admins</span>&#8221; are necessary due to the space in the group name.
- Also make sure to leave no white-space surrounding the equal character (=).
- </p></li></ol></div><p>
- Now <tt class="constant">joe, john</tt> and <tt class="constant">mary</tt> are domain administrators.
- </p><p>
- <a class="indexterm" name="id2909799"></a>
- It is possible to map any arbitrary UNIX group to any Windows NT4/200x group as well as
- making any UNIX group a Windows domain group. For example, if you wanted to include a
- UNIX group (e.g., acct) in an ACL on a local file or printer on a Domain Member machine,
- you would flag that group as a domain group by running the following on the Samba PDC:
- </p><p>
-</p><pre class="screen">
-<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap add rid=1000 ntgroup="Accounting" UNIXgroup=acct</tt></b>
-</pre><p>
- </p><p>
- Be aware that the RID parameter is a unsigned 32-bit integer that should
- normally start at 1000. However, this RID must not overlap with any RID assigned
- to a user. Verification for this is done differently depending on the passdb backend
- you are using. Future versions of the tools may perform the verification automatically,
- but for now the burden is on you.
- </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2909853"></a>Default Users, Groups and Relative Identifiers</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2909865"></a>
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2909875"></a>
- When first installed, Microsoft Windows NT4/200x/XP are preconfigured with certain User, Group, and
- Alias entities. Each has a well-known Relative Identifier (RID). These must be preserved for continued
- integrity of operation. Samba must be provisioned with certain essential Domain Groups that require
- the appropriate RID value. When Samba-3 is configured to use <tt class="constant">tdbsam</tt> the essential
- Domain Groups are automatically created. It is the LDAP administrators' responsibility to create
- (provision) the default NT Groups.
- </p><p>
- Each essential Domain Group must be assigned its respective well-kown RID. The default Users, Groups,
- Aliases, and RIDs are shown in <link linkend="WKURIDS">.
- </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3>
- When the <i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> uses LDAP (<tt class="constant">ldapsam</tt>) it is the
- admininstrators' responsibility to create the essential Domain Groups, and to assign each its default RID.
- </div><p>
- It is permissible to create any Domain Group that may be necessary, just make certain that the essential
- Domain Groups (well known) have been created and assigned its default RID. Other groups you create may
- be assigned any arbitrary RID you care to use.
- </p><p>
- Be sure to map each Domain Group to a UNIX system group. That is the only way to ensure that the group
- will be available for use as an NT Domain Group.
- </p><p>
- </p><div class="table"><a name="WKURIDS"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 12.1. Well-Known User Default RIDs</b></p><table summary="Well-Known User Default RIDs" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="left"><col align="left"><col align="center"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Well-Known Entity</th><th align="left">RID</th><th align="left">Type</th><th align="center">Essential</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">Domain Administrator</td><td align="left">500</td><td align="left">User</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Guest</td><td align="left">501</td><td align="left">User</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain KRBTGT</td><td align="left">502</td><td align="left">User</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Admins</td><td align="left">512</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Users</td><td align="left">513</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Guests</td><td align="left">514</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Computers</td><td align="left">515</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Controllers</td><td align="left">516</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Certificate Admins</td><td align="left">517</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Schema Admins</td><td align="left">518</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Enterprise Admins</td><td align="left">519</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Policy Admins</td><td align="left">520</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Admins</td><td align="left">544</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin users</td><td align="left">545</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Guests</td><td align="left">546</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Power Users</td><td align="left">547</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Account Operators</td><td align="left">548</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin System Operators</td><td align="left">549</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Print Operators</td><td align="left">550</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Backup Operators</td><td align="left">551</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Replicator</td><td align="left">552</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin RAS Servers</td><td align="left">553</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2910488"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- You can list the various groups in the mapping database by executing
- <b class="command">net groupmap list</b>. Here is an example:
- </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2910510"></a><p>
-</p><pre class="screen">
-<tt class="prompt">root# </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap list</tt></b>
-Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-512) -&gt; domadmin
-Domain Users (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-513) -&gt; domuser
-Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-514) -&gt; domguest
-</pre><p>
- </p><p>
- For complete details on <b class="command">net groupmap</b>, refer to the net(8) man page.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2910567"></a>Configuration Scripts</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Everyone needs tools. Some of us like to create our own, others prefer to use canned tools
- (i.e., prepared by someone else for general use).
- </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2910581"></a>Sample <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> Add Group Script</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- A script to create complying group names for use by the Samba group interfaces
- is provided in <link linkend="smbgrpadd.sh">.
- </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2910610"></a><p>
-</p><div class="example"><a name="smbgrpadd.sh"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.1. smbgrpadd.sh</b></p><pre class="programlisting">
-
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Add the group using normal system groupadd tool.
-groupadd smbtmpgrp00
-
-thegid=`cat /etc/group | grep smbtmpgrp00 | cut -d ":" -f3`
-
-# Now change the name to what we want for the MS Windows networking end
-cp /etc/group /etc/group.bak
-cat /etc/group.bak | sed s/smbtmpgrp00/$1/g &gt; /etc/group
-
-# Now return the GID as would normally happen.
-echo $thegid
-exit 0
-</pre></div><p>
-</p><p>
- The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> entry for the above script would be something like that in <link linkend="smbgrpadd">.
-</p><div class="example"><a name="smbgrpadd"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.2. Configuration of smb.conf for the add group script.</b></p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td>...</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>add group script = /path_to_tool/smbgrpadd.sh %g</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td>...</td></tr></table></div><p>
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2910716"></a>Script to Configure Group Mapping</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- In our example we have created a UNIX/Linux group called <span class="emphasis"><em>ntadmin</em></span>.
- Our script will create the additional groups <span class="emphasis"><em>Orks</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>Elves</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>Gnomes</em></span>.
- It is a good idea to save this shell script for later re-use just in case you ever need to rebuild your mapping database.
- For the sake of concenience we elect to save this script as a file called <tt class="filename">initGroups.sh</tt>.
- This script is given in <link linkend="set-group-map">.
- </p><p>
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2910771"></a>
-</p><div class="example"><a name="set-group-map"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.3. Script to Set Group Mapping</b></p><pre class="programlisting">
-#!/bin/bash
-
-net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=ntadmin
-net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users
-net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nobody
-
-groupadd Orks
-groupadd Elves
-groupadd Gnomes
-
-net groupmap add ntgroup="Orks" unixgroup=Orks type=d
-net groupmap add ntgroup="Elves" unixgroup=Elves type=d
-net groupmap add ntgroup="Gnomes" unixgroup=Gnomes type=d
-</pre></div><p>
-</p><p>
- Of course it is expected that the administrator will modify this to suit local needs.
- For information regarding the use of the <b class="command">net groupmap</b> tool please
- refer to the man page.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2910824"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
-At this time there are many little surprises for the unwary administrator. In a real sense
-it is imperative that every step of automated control scripts must be carefully tested
-manually before putting them into active service.
-</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2910839"></a>Adding Groups Fails</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- This is a common problem when the <b class="command">groupadd</b> is called directly
- by the Samba interface script for the <a class="indexterm" name="id2910858"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>add group script</tt></i> in
- the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file.
- </p><p>
- The most common cause of failure is an attempt to add an MS Windows group account
- that has either an upper case character and/or a space character in it.
- </p><p>
- There are three possible work-arounds. First, use only group names that comply
- with the limitations of the UNIX/Linux <b class="command">groupadd</b> system tool.
- Second, it involves the use of the script mentioned earlier in this chapter, and
- third is the option is to manually create a UNIX/Linux group account that can substitute
- for the MS Windows group name, then use the procedure listed above to map that group
- to the MS Windows group.
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2910907"></a>Adding MS Windows Groups to MS Windows Groups Fails</h3></div></div><div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2910916"></a><p>
- Samba-3 does not support nested groups from the MS Windows control environment.
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2910933"></a>Adding <span class="emphasis"><em>Domain Users</em></span> to the <span class="emphasis"><em>Power Users</em></span> Group</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>&#8220;<span class="quote">
- What must I do to add Domain Users to the Power Users group?
- </span>&#8221;</p><a class="indexterm" name="id2910956"></a><p>
- The Power Users group is a group that is local to each Windows 200x/XP Professional workstation.
- You cannot add the Domain Users group to the Power Users group automatically, it must be done on
- each workstation by logging in as the local workstation <span class="emphasis"><em>administrator</em></span> and
- then using the following procedure:
- </p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p>
- Click <span class="guimenu">Start -&gt; Control Panel -&gt; Users and Passwords</span>.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Click the <span class="guimenuitem">Advanced</span> tab.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Click the <span class="guibutton">Advanced</span> button.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Click <tt class="constant">Groups</tt>.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Double click <tt class="constant">Power Users</tt>. This will launch the panel to add users or groups
- to the local machine <tt class="constant">Power Uses</tt> group.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Click the <span class="guibutton">Add</span> button.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Select the domain from which the <tt class="constant">Domain Users</tt> group is to be added.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Double click the <tt class="constant">Domain Users</tt> group.
- </p></li><li><p>
- Click the <span class="guibutton">Ok</span> button. If a logon box is presented during this process
- please remember to enter the connect as <tt class="constant">DOMAIN\UserName</tt>. i.e., For the
- domain <tt class="constant">MIDEARTH</tt> and the user <tt class="constant">root</tt> enter
- <tt class="constant">MIDEARTH\root</tt>.
- </p></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="passdb.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="AccessControls.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 11. Account Information Databases </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 13. File, Directory and Share Access Controls</td></tr></table></div></body></html>