r5444: Add adssearch.pl utility (on volkers request).

Added to samba3 due to some header and machine-account dependencies,
although it's possibly of more interest to samba4 developers.

adssearch.pl is a kind of ldapsearch + dump-filters for various
ADS-attributes. It can also register asynchronous change notifications.

./adssearch.pl -h w2k3host -D administrator@MY.REALM.NET -x -w mypass -n

and *any* change in your entire DIT will show up immediately (after a
second change of an object even as object diff). It's very interesting
to see the interaction of GPOs, the various steps of account
modification with dsa.msc, etc.

Gracefully ignore some parts of adssearch.pl that are rather immature...

Guenther
(This used to be commit fd947b5ee060a48597bc1166614a05f81457e5e0)

1 files changed, 1492 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/examples/misc/adssearch.pl b/examples/misc/adssearch.pl
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..9bfc9e8a055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/misc/adssearch.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,1492 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+# 
+# adssearch.pl 	- query an Active Directory server and
+#		  display objects in a human readable format
+#
+# Copyright (C) Guenther Deschner <gd@samba.org> 2003-2005
+#
+# TODO: add range retrieval
+#	write sddl-converter, decode userParameters
+#	chase referrals
+#	apparently only win2k3 allows simple-binds with machine-accounts.
+#	make sasl support independent from Authen::SASL::Cyrus v >0.11
+use strict;
+
+use Net::LDAP;
+use Net::LDAP::Control;
+use Convert::ASN1;
+use Time::Local;
+use POSIX qw(strftime);
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $have_sasl;
+my $works_sasl;
+my $pref_version;
+BEGIN {
+	my $class = 'Authen::SASL';
+	$pref_version = "0.32";
+        if ( eval "require $class;" ) {
+                $have_sasl = 1;
+        }
+        if ( eval "Net::LDAP->VERSION($pref_version);" ) {
+                $works_sasl = 1;
+        }
+}
+
+# users may set defaults here
+my $base 	= "";
+my $binddn 	= "";
+my $password 	= "";
+my $server 	= "";
+
+my $tdbdump	= "/usr/bin/tdbdump";
+my $testparm	= "/usr/bin/testparm";
+my $net		= "/usr/bin/net";
+my $dig		= "/usr/bin/dig";
+my $nmblookup	= "/usr/bin/nmblookup";
+my $secrets_tdb = "/etc/samba/secrets.tdb";
+my $klist	= "/usr/bin/klist";
+my $kinit	= "/usr/bin/kinit";
+my $ads_h 	= "/home/gd/ads.h";
+my $page_size	= "1000";
+my $workgroup	= "";
+my $machine	= "";
+my $realm	= "";
+
+# parse input
+my (
+	$opt_base, 
+	$opt_binddn,
+	$opt_debug,
+	$opt_display_extendeddn,
+	$opt_display_metadata,
+	$opt_display_raw,
+	$opt_dump_rootdse,
+	$opt_dump_schema,
+	$opt_dump_wknguid,
+	$opt_help, 
+	$opt_host, 
+	$opt_machine,
+	$opt_notify, 
+	$opt_notify_nodiffs, 
+	$opt_password,
+	$opt_port,
+	$opt_realm,
+	$opt_saslmech,
+	$opt_scope, 
+	$opt_simpleauth,
+	$opt_starttls,
+	$opt_user,
+	$opt_workgroup,
+);
+
+GetOptions(
+	'base|b=s'	=> \$opt_base,
+	'D|DN=s'	=> \$opt_binddn,
+	'debug=i'	=> \$opt_debug,
+	'extendeddn|e'	=> \$opt_display_extendeddn,
+	'help'		=> \$opt_help,
+	'host|h=s'	=> \$opt_host,
+	'machine|P'	=> \$opt_machine,
+	'metadata|m'	=> \$opt_display_metadata,
+	'nodiffs'	=> \$opt_notify_nodiffs,
+	'notify|n'	=> \$opt_notify,
+	'password|w=s'	=> \$opt_password,
+	'port=i'	=> \$opt_port,
+	'rawdisplay'	=> \$opt_display_raw,
+	'realm|R=s'	=> \$opt_realm,
+	'rootDSE'	=> \$opt_dump_rootdse,
+	'saslmech|Y=s'	=> \$opt_saslmech,
+	'schema|c'	=> \$opt_dump_schema,
+	'scope|s=s'	=> \$opt_scope,
+	'simpleauth|x'	=> \$opt_simpleauth,
+	'tls|Z'		=> \$opt_starttls,
+	'user|U=s'	=> \$opt_user,
+	'wknguid'	=> \$opt_dump_wknguid,
+	'workgroup|k=s'	=> \$opt_workgroup,
+	);
+
+
+# activate controls
+my $paging	= 1 if !$opt_notify;
+
+if (!@ARGV && !$opt_dump_schema && !$opt_dump_rootdse && !$opt_notify || $opt_help) {
+	usage();
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+# get the query
+my $query 	= shift;
+my @attrs	= @ARGV;
+
+# some global vars
+my ($filter, $dse, $uri);
+my ($attr, $value);
+my (@ctrls, @ctrls_s);
+my ($ctl_paged, $cookie);
+my ($page_count, $total_entry_count);
+my ($sasl_hd, $async_ldap_hd, $sync_ldap_hd);
+my ($mesg, $usn);
+my (%entry_store);
+my $async_search;
+my (%ads_atype, %ads_gtype, %ads_uf);
+
+# fixed values and vars
+my $set   	= "X";
+my $unset 	= "-";
+
+# get defaults
+my $scope 	= $opt_scope 	|| "sub"; 
+my $port 	= $opt_port;
+
+my %ads_controls = (
+"LDAP_SERVER_NOTIFICATION_OID"	 	=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.528",
+"LDAP_SERVER_EXTENDED_DN_OID" 		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.529",
+"LDAP_PAGED_RESULT_OID_STRING"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.319",
+"LDAP_SERVER_SD_FLAGS_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.801",
+"LDAP_SERVER_SORT_OID"			=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.473",
+"LDAP_SERVER_RESP_SORT_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.474",
+"LDAP_CONTROL_VLVREQUEST"		=> "2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.9",
+"LDAP_CONTROL_VLVRESPONSE"		=> "2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.10",
+"LDAP_SERVER_RANGE_RETRIEVAL"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.802", #unsure
+"LDAP_SERVER_SHOW_DELETED_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.417",
+"LDAP_SERVER_CROSSDOM_MOVE_TARGET_OID" 	=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.521",
+"LDAP_SERVER_LAZY_COMMIT_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.619",
+"LDAP_SERVER_TREE_DELETE_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.805",
+"LDAP_SERVER_DIRSYNC_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.841",
+"LDAP_SERVER_VERIFY_NAME_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1338",
+"LDAP_SERVER_DOMAIN_SCOPE_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1339",
+"LDAP_SERVER_SEARCH_OPTIONS_OID"	=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1340",
+"LDAP_SERVER_PERMISSIVE_MODIFY_OID" 	=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1413",
+"LDAP_SERVER_ASQ_OID"			=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1504",
+"NONE (Get stats control)"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.970",
+"LDAP_SERVER_QUOTA_CONTROL_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1852",
+);
+
+my %ads_capabilities = (
+"LDAP_CAP_ACTIVE_DIRECTORY_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.800",
+"LDAP_CAP_ACTIVE_DIRECTORY_V51_OID" 	=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1670",
+"LDAP_CAP_ACTIVE_DIRECTORY_LDAP_INTEG_OID" => "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1791",
+);
+
+my %ads_extensions = (
+"LDAP_START_TLS_OID"			=> "1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037",
+"LDAP_TTL_EXTENDED_OP_OID"		=> "1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.101.119.1",
+"LDAP_SERVER_FAST_BIND_OID"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1781", 
+"NONE (TTL refresh extended op)" 	=> "1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.101.119.1",
+);
+
+my %ads_matching_rules = (
+"LDAP_MATCHING_RULE_BIT_AND"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.803",
+"LDAP_MATCHING_RULE_BIT_OR"		=> "1.2.840.113556.1.4.804",
+);
+
+my %wknguids = (
+"WELL_KNOWN_GUID_COMPUTERS"		=> "AA312825768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD",
+"WELL_KNOWN_GUID_DOMAIN_CONTROLLERS"	=> "A361B2FFFFD211D1AA4B00C04FD7D83A",
+"WELL_KNOWN_GUID_SYSTEM"		=> "AB1D30F3768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD",
+"WELL_KNOWN_GUID_USERS"			=> "A9D1CA15768811D1ADED00C04FD8D5CD",
+);
+
+my %ads_systemflags = (
+"FLAG_DONT_REPLICATE"			=> 0x00000001,	# 1
+"FLAG_REPLICATE_TO_GC"			=> 0x00000002,	# 2
+"FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_CONSTRUCT"		=> 0x00000004,	# 4
+"FLAG_CATEGORY_1_OBJECT"		=> 0x00000010,	# 16
+"FLAG_DELETE_WITHOUT_TOMBSTONE"		=> 0x02000000,	# 33554432
+"FLAG_DOMAIN_DISALLOW_MOVE"		=> 0x04000000,	# 67108864
+"FLAG_DOMAIN_DISALLOW_RENAME"		=> 0x08000000,	# 134217728
+#"FLAG_CONFIG_CAN_MOVE_RESTRICTED"	=> 0x10000000,	# 268435456	# only setable on creation
+#"FLAG_CONFIG_CAN_MOVE"			=> 0x20000000,	# 536870912	# only setable on creation
+#"FLAG_CONFIG_CAN_RENAME"		=> 0x40000000,	# 1073741824	# only setable on creation
+"FLAG_DISALLOW_DELETE"			=> 0x80000000,	# 2147483648
+);
+
+my %ads_mixed_domain = (
+"NATIVE_LEVEL_DOMAIN"			=> 0,
+"MIXED_LEVEL_DOMAIN"			=> 1,
+);
+
+my %ads_ds_func = (
+"DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2000"			=> 0,	# untested
+"DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003"			=> 2,
+);
+
+my %ads_instance_type = (
+"DS_INSTANCETYPE_IS_NC_HEAD"		=> 0x1,
+"IT_WRITE"				=> 0x4,
+"IT_NC_ABOVE"				=> 0x8,
+);
+
+my %ads_uacc = (
+	"ACCOUNT_NEVER_EXPIRES"	=> 0x000000, # 0 
+	"ACCOUNT_OK"		=> 0x800000, # 8388608
+	"ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT"	=> 0x800010, # 8388624
+);
+
+my %munged_dial = (
+	"CtxCfgPresent"		=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxCfgFlags1"		=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxCallback"		=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxShadow"		=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxMaxConnectionTime"	=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxMaxDisconnectionTime"=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxMaxIdleTime"	=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxKeyboardLayout"	=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxMinEncryptionLevel"	=> \&dump_int,
+	"CtxWorkDirectory"	=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxNWLogonServer"	=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxWFHomeDir"		=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxWFHomeDirDrive"	=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxWFProfilePath"	=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxInitialProgram"	=> \&dump_string,
+	"CtxCallbackNumber"	=> \&dump_string,
+);
+
+
+$SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
+	use Carp;
+	Carp::cluck (shift);
+};
+
+# parse ads.h
+parse_ads_h();
+
+# if there is data missing, we try to autodetect with samba-tools (if installed)
+# this might fill up workgroup, machine, realm
+get_samba_info();
+
+# get a workgroup
+$workgroup	= $workgroup || $opt_workgroup || "";
+
+# get the server
+$server 	= process_servername($opt_host) || 
+		  detect_server($workgroup,$opt_realm) || 
+		  die "please define server to query with -h host\n";
+
+
+# get the base
+$base 		= $opt_base || 
+	 	  get_base_from_rootdse($server,$dse);
+
+# get the realm
+$realm		= $opt_realm || 
+		  get_realm_from_rootdse($server,$dse);
+
+# get sasl mechs
+my @sasl_mechs	= get_sasl_mechs_from_rootdse($server,$dse);
+my $sasl_mech	= "GSSAPI";
+if ($opt_saslmech) {
+	$sasl_mech = sprintf("%s", (check_sasl_mech($opt_saslmech) == 0)?uc($opt_saslmech):"");
+}
+
+# set bind type
+my $sasl_bind = 1 if (!$opt_simpleauth);
+
+# get username
+my $user 	= check_user($opt_user) || $ENV{'USER'} || "";
+
+# gen upn
+my $upn		= sprintf("%s", gen_upn($opt_machine ? "$machine\$" : $user, $realm));
+
+# get binddn
+$binddn		= $opt_binddn || $upn;
+
+# get the password
+$password 	= $password || $opt_password;
+if (!$password) {
+	$password = $opt_machine ? get_machine_password($workgroup) : get_password();
+}
+
+my %attr_handler = (
+	"accountExpires"		=> \&dump_nttime,
+	"badPasswordTime"		=> \&dump_nttime,			
+	"creationTime"			=> \&dump_nttime,
+	"currentTime"			=> \&dump_timestr,
+	"domainControllerFunctionality" => \&dump_ds_func,
+	"domainFunctionality" 		=> \&dump_ds_func,
+	"dSCorePropagationData"		=> \&dump_timestr,
+	"forceLogoff"			=> \&dump_nttime_abs,
+	"forestFunctionality" 		=> \&dump_ds_func,
+	"groupType"			=> \&dump_gtype,
+	"instanceType"			=> \&dump_instance_type,
+	"lastLogon"			=> \&dump_nttime,
+	"lastLogonTimestamp"		=> \&dump_nttime,
+	"lockoutTime"			=> \&dump_nttime,
+	"lockoutDuration"		=> \&dump_nttime_abs,
+	"lockOutObservationWindow"	=> \&dump_nttime_abs,
+#	"logonHours"			=> \&dump_not_yet,
+	"maxPwdAge"			=> \&dump_nttime_abs,
+	"minPwdAge"			=> \&dump_nttime_abs,
+	"modifyTimeStamp"		=> \&dump_timestr,
+#	"msRADIUSFramedIPAddress"	=> \&dump_ipaddr,
+#	"msRASSavedFramedIPAddress" 	=> \&dump_ipaddr,
+	"ntMixedDomain"			=> \&dump_mixed_domain,
+	"nTSecurityDescriptor"		=> \&dump_secdesc,
+	"objectGUID"			=> \&dump_guid,
+	"objectSid"			=> \&dump_sid,
+	"pwdLastSet"			=> \&dump_nttime,
+	"sAMAccountType"		=> \&dump_atype,
+	"systemFlags"			=> \&dump_systemflags,
+	"supportedControl",		=> \&dump_controls,
+	"supportedCapabilities",	=> \&dump_capabilities,
+	"supportedExtension",		=> \&dump_extension,
+	"tokenGroups",			=> \&dump_sid,
+	"userAccountControl"		=> \&dump_uac,
+	"msDS-User-Account-Control-Computed" => \&dump_uacc,
+	"userFlags"			=> \&dump_uf,
+	"userParameters"		=> \&dump_munged_dial,
+	"whenChanged"			=> \&dump_timestr,
+	"whenCreated"			=> \&dump_timestr,
+);
+
+
+
+################
+# subfunctions #
+################
+
+sub usage {
+	print "usage: $0 [--base|-b base] [--debug level] [--debug level] [--DN|-D binddn] [--extendeddn|-e] [--help] [--host|-h host] [--machine|-P] [--metadata|-m] [--nodiffs] [--notify|-n] [--password|-w password] [--port port] [--rawdisplay] [--realm|-R realm] [--rootdse] [--saslmech|-Y saslmech] [--schema|-c] [--scope|-s scope] [--simpleauth|-x] [--starttls|-Z] [--user|-U user] [--wknguid] [--workgroup|-k workgroup] filter [attrs]\n";
+	print "\t--base|-b [base]\n\t\tUse base [base]\n";
+	print "\t--debug [level]\n\t\tUse debuglevel (for Net::LDAP)\n";
+	print "\t--DN|-D [binddn]\n\t\tUse binddn or principal\n";
+	print "\t--extendeddn|-e\n\t\tDisplay extended dn (LDAP_SERVER_EXTENDED_DN_OID)\n";
+	print "\t--help\n\t\tDisplay help page\n";
+	print "\t--host|-h [host]\n\t\tQuery Host [host] (either a hostname or an LDAP uri)\n";
+	print "\t--machine|-P\n\t\tUse samba3 machine account stored in $secrets_tdb (needs root access)\n";
+	print "\t--metdata|-m\n\t\tDisplay replication metadata\n";
+	print "\t--nodiffs\n\t\tDisplay no diffs but full entry dump when running in notify mode\n";
+	print "\t--notify|-n\n\t\tActivate asynchronous change notification (LDAP_SERVER_NOTIFICATION_OID)\n";
+	print "\t--password|-w [password]\n\t\tUse [password] for binddn\n";
+	print "\t--port [port]\n\t\tUse [port] when connecting ADS\n";
+	print "\t--rawdisplay\n\t\tDo not interpret values\n";
+	print "\t--realm|-R [realm]\n\t\tUse [realm] when trying to construct bind-principal\n";
+	print "\t--rootdse\n\t\tDisplay RootDSE (anonymously)\n";
+	print "\t--saslmech|-Y [saslmech]\n\t\tUse SASL Mechanism [saslmech] when binding\n";
+	print "\t--schema|-c\n\t\tDisplay DSE-Schema\n";
+	print "\t--scope|-s [scope]\n\t\tUse scope [scope] (sub, base, one)\n";
+	print "\t--simpleauth|-x\n\t\tUse simple bind (otherwise SASL binds are performed)\n";
+	print "\t--starttls|-Z\n\t\tUse Start TLS extended operation to secure LDAP traffic\n";
+	print "\t--user|-U [user]\n\t\tUse [user]\n";
+	print "\t--wknguid\n\t\tDisplay well known guids\n";
+	print "\t--workgroup|-k [workgroup]\n\t\tWhen LDAP-Server is not known try to find a Domain-Controller for [workgroup]\n";
+}
+
+sub write_ads_list {
+	my ($mod,$attr,$value) = @_;
+	my $ofh = select(STDOUT);
+	$~ = "ADS_LIST";
+	select($ofh);
+	write();
+
+format ADS_LIST =
+@<<<< @>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>: @*
+$mod, $attr, $value
+.
+}
+
+sub write_ads {
+	my ($mod,$attr,$value) = @_;
+	my $ofh = select(STDOUT);
+	$~ = "ADS";
+	select($ofh);
+	write();
+
+format ADS =
+@<<<< @>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>: ^<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+$mod, $attr, $value
+~~				^<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+				$value
+.
+}
+
+sub detect_server {
+
+	my $workgroup = shift;
+	my $realm = shift;
+	my $result;
+	my $found;
+
+	# try net cache (nbt records)
+	if ( -x $net && $workgroup ) {
+		my $key = sprintf("NBT/%s#1C", uc($workgroup));
+		chomp($result = `$net cache search $key 2>&1 /dev/null`);
+		$result =~ s/^.*Value: //;
+		$result =~ s/:.*//;
+		return $result if $result;
+		printf("%10s query failed for [%s]\n", "net cache", $key);
+	}
+
+	# try dns SRV entries
+	if ( -x $dig && $realm ) {
+		my $key = sprintf("_ldap._tcp.%s", lc($realm));
+		chomp($result = `$dig $key SRV +short +search | egrep "^[0-9]" | head -1`);
+		$result =~ s/.* //g;
+		$result =~ s/.$//g;
+		return $result if $result;
+		printf("%10s query failed for [%s]\n", "dns", $key);
+	}
+
+	# try netbios broadcast query
+	if ( -x $nmblookup && $workgroup ) {
+		my $key = sprintf("%s#1C", uc($workgroup));
+		my $pattern = sprintf("%s<1c>", uc($workgroup));
+		chomp($result = `$nmblookup $key -d 0 | grep '$pattern'`);
+		$result =~ s/\s.*//;
+		return $result if $result;
+		printf("%10s query failed for [%s]\n", "nmblookup", $key);
+	}
+
+	return "";
+}
+
+sub get_samba_info {
+
+	if (! -x $testparm) { return -1; }
+	
+	my $tmp;
+	open(TESTPARM, "$testparm -s -v 2> /dev/null |");
+	while (my $line = <TESTPARM>) {
+		chomp($line);
+		if ($line =~ /netbios name/) {
+			($tmp, $machine) = split(/=/, $line);
+			$machine =~ s/\s+|\t+//g;
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /realm/) {
+			($tmp, $realm) = split(/=/, $line);
+			$realm =~ s/\s+|\t+//g;
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /workgroup/) {
+			($tmp, $workgroup) = split(/=/, $line);
+			$workgroup =~ s/\s+|\t+//g;
+		}
+	}
+	close(TESTPARM);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub gen_upn {
+	my $machine = shift;
+	my $realm = shift;
+	if ($machine && $realm) {
+		return sprintf("%s\@%s", lc($machine), uc($realm));
+	};
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub get_password {
+	if (!$password && $opt_simpleauth && check_ticket($user)) {
+		return prompt_password($user);
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+sub get_user {
+	my $user = shift || prompt_user();
+	return $user;
+}
+
+sub get_machine_password {
+
+	my $workgroup = shift || "";
+	$workgroup = uc($workgroup);
+
+	my ($found, $tmp);
+	-x $tdbdump || die "tdbdump is not installed. cannot proceed autodetection\n";
+	-r $secrets_tdb || die "cannot read $secrets_tdb. cannot proceed autodetection\n";
+
+	# get machine-password
+	my $key = sprintf("SECRETS/MACHINE_PASSWORD/%s", $workgroup);
+	open(SECRETS,"$tdbdump $secrets_tdb |");
+	while(my $line = <SECRETS>) {
+		chomp($line);
+		if ($found) {
+			$line =~ s/\\00//;
+			($line,$password) = split(/"/, $line);
+			last;
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /$key/) {
+			$found = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	close(SECRETS);
+
+	if ($found) {
+		print "Successfully autodetected machine password for workgroup: $workgroup\n";
+		return $password;
+	} else {
+		warn "No machine password available for $workgroup\n";
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+sub prompt_password {
+
+	my $acct = shift || "";
+	if ($acct =~ /\%/) {
+		($acct, $password) = split(/\%/, $acct);
+		return $password;
+	}
+	system "stty -echo";
+	print "Enter password for $acct:";
+	my $password = <STDIN>;
+	chomp($password);
+	print "\n";
+	system "stty echo";
+	return $password;
+}
+
+sub prompt_user {
+
+	print "Enter Username:";
+	my $user = <STDIN>;
+	chomp($user);
+	print "\n";
+	return $user;
+}
+
+sub check_ticket {
+	return system("$klist -t");
+}
+
+sub get_ticket {
+
+	my $KRB5_CONFIG = "/tmp/.krb5.conf.telads-$<";
+
+	open(KRB5CONF, "> $KRB5_CONFIG") || die "cannot write $KRB5_CONFIG";
+	printf  KRB5CONF "# autogenerated by $0\n";
+	printf  KRB5CONF "[libdefaults]\n\tdefault_realm = %s\n\tclockskew = %d\n", uc($realm), 60*60;
+	printf  KRB5CONF "[realms]\n\t%s = {\n\t\tkdc = %s\n\t}\n", uc($realm), $server;
+	close(KRB5CONF);
+
+	if ( system("KRB5_CONFIG=$KRB5_CONFIG $kinit $user") != 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub check_user {
+	my $acct = shift || "";
+	if ($acct =~ /\%/) {
+		($acct, $password) = split(/\%/, $acct);
+	}
+	return $acct;
+}
+
+sub check_ctrls ($$@) {
+
+	# bogus function??
+	my $server = shift || "";
+	$dse = shift || get_dse($server) || return -1;
+	my @ctrls = @_;
+
+	my $dse_controls = $dse->get_value('supportedControl', asref => '1');
+	my @dse_controls = @$dse_controls;
+
+	foreach my $i (@ctrls) {
+		# we could use -> supported_control but this 
+		# is only available in newer versions of perl-ldap
+#		if ( ! $dse->supported_control( $i ) ) {
+		if ( grep(/$i->type()/, @dse_controls) ) { 
+			printf("required control: %s is not supported by ADS-server.\n", $i->type());
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub get_base_from_rootdse {
+
+	my $server = shift || "";
+	$dse = shift || get_dse($server,$async_ldap_hd) || return -1;
+	return $dse->get_value('defaultNamingContext');
+}
+
+sub get_realm_from_rootdse {
+
+	my $server = shift || "";
+	$dse = shift || get_dse($server,$async_ldap_hd) || return -1;
+	my $service = $dse->get_value('ldapServiceName') || "";
+	if ($service) {
+		my ($t,$realm) = split(/\@/, $service);
+		return $realm;
+	} else {
+		die "very odd: could not get realm";
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_sasl_mechs_from_rootdse {
+
+	my $server = shift || "";
+	$dse = shift || get_dse($server,$async_ldap_hd) || return -1;
+	my $mechs = $dse->get_value('supportedSASLMechanisms', asref => 1);
+	return @$mechs;
+}
+
+sub get_dse {
+
+	my $server = shift || return undef;
+	$async_ldap_hd = shift || get_ldap_hd($server,1);
+	if (!$async_ldap_hd) {
+		print "oh, no connection\n";
+		return undef;
+	}
+	my $mesg = $async_ldap_hd->bind() || die "cannot bind\n";
+	if ($mesg->code) { die "failed to bind\n"; };
+	my $dse = $async_ldap_hd->root_dse( attrs => ['*', "supportedExtension", "supportedFeatures" ] );
+
+	return $dse;
+}
+
+sub process_servername {
+
+	my $name = shift || return "";
+	if ($name =~ /^ldaps:\/\//i ) {
+		$name =~ s#^ldaps://##i;
+		$uri = sprintf("%s://%s", "ldaps", $name);
+	} else {
+		$name =~ s#^ldap://##i;
+		$uri = sprintf("%s://%s", "ldap", $name);
+	}
+	return $name;
+}
+
+sub get_ldap_hd {
+
+	my $server = shift || return undef;
+	my $async = shift || "0";
+	my $hd;
+	die "uri unavailable" if (!$uri);
+	if ($uri =~ /^ldaps:\/\//i ) {
+		$port = $port || 636;
+		use Net::LDAPS;
+		$hd = Net::LDAPS->new( $server, async => $async, port => $port ) || 
+			die "host $server not available: $!";
+	} else {
+		$port = $port || 389;
+		$hd = Net::LDAP->new( $server, async => $async, port => $port ) || 
+			die "host $server not available: $!";
+	}
+	$hd->debug($opt_debug);
+	if ($opt_starttls) {
+		$hd->start_tls( verify => 'none' );
+	}
+
+	return $hd;
+}
+
+sub get_sasl_hd {
+
+	if (!$have_sasl) {
+		print "no sasl support\n";
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	my $hd;
+	if ($sasl_mech && $sasl_mech eq "GSSAPI") {
+		my $user = sprintf("%s\@%s", $user, uc($realm));
+		if (check_ticket($user) != 0 && get_ticket($user) != 0) {
+			print "Could not get Kerberos ticket for user [$user]\n";
+			return undef;
+		}
+
+		$hd = Authen::SASL->new( mechanism => 'GSSAPI' ) || die "nope";
+		my $conn = $hd->client_new("ldap", $server);
+		
+		if ($conn->code == -1) {
+		        printf "%s\n", $conn->error();
+			return undef;
+		};
+
+	} elsif ($sasl_mech) {
+
+		# here comes generic sasl code
+		$hd = Authen::SASL->new( mechanism => $sasl_mech, 
+			callback  => { 
+				user => \&get_user, 
+				pass => \&get_password 
+			} 
+		) || die "nope";
+	} else {
+		$sasl_bind = 0;
+		print "no supported SASL mechanism found (@sasl_mechs).\n";
+		print "falling back to simple bind.\n";
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	return $hd;
+}
+
+sub check_sasl_mech {
+	my $mech_check = shift;
+	my $have_mech = 0;
+	foreach my $mech (@sasl_mechs) {
+		$have_mech = 1 if ($mech eq uc($mech_check));
+	}
+	if (!$have_mech) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+sub parse_ads_h {
+
+	-e "$ads_h" || die "cannot open samba3 ads.h ($ads_h): $!";
+	open(ADSH,"$ads_h");
+	while (my $line = <ADSH>) {
+		chomp($line);
+		if ($line =~ /#define.UF.*0x/) {
+			my ($tmp, $name, $val) = split(/\s+/,$line);
+		next if ($name =~ /UNUSED/);
+			$ads_uf{$name} = hex $val;
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /#define.GTYPE.*0x/) {
+			my ($tmp, $name, $val) = split(/\s+/,$line);
+			$ads_gtype{$name} = hex $val;
+		}
+		if ($line =~ /#define.ATYPE.*0x/) {
+			my ($tmp, $name, $val) = split(/\s+/,$line);
+			$ads_atype{$name} = 
+				(exists $ads_atype{$val}) ? $ads_atype{$val} : hex $val;
+		}
+	}
+	close(ADSH);
+}
+
+sub store_result ($) {
+
+	my $entry = shift;
+	return if (!$entry);
+	$entry_store{$entry->dn} = $entry;
+}
+
+sub display_result_diff ($) {
+
+	my $entry_new = shift;
+	return if ( !$entry_new);
+
+	if ( !exists $entry_store{$entry_new->dn}) {
+		print "can't display any differences yet. full dump...\n";
+		display_entry_generic($entry_new);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my $entry_old = $entry_store{$entry_new->dn};
+
+	foreach my $attr (sort $entry_new->attributes) {
+		if ( $entry_new->exists($attr) && ! $entry_old->exists($attr)) {
+			display_attr_generic("add:\t", $entry_new, $attr);
+			next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $attr (sort $entry_old->attributes) {
+		if (! $entry_new->exists($attr) && $entry_old->exists($attr)) {
+			display_attr_generic("del:\t", $entry_old, $attr);
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# now check for all values if they have changed, display changes
+		my ($old_vals, $new_vals, @old_vals, @new_vals, %old, %new);
+
+		$old_vals = $entry_old->get_value($attr, asref => 1);
+		@old_vals = @$old_vals;
+		$new_vals = $entry_new->get_value($attr, asref => 1);
+		@new_vals = @$new_vals;
+
+		if (scalar(@old_vals) == 1 && scalar(@new_vals) == 1) {
+			if ($old_vals[0] ne $new_vals[0]) {
+				display_attr_generic("old:\t", $entry_old, $attr);
+				display_attr_generic("new:\t", $entry_new, $attr);
+			}
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# handle multivalued diffs
+		foreach my $val (@old_vals) { $old{$val} = "dummy"; };
+		foreach my $val (@new_vals) { $new{$val} = "dummy"; };
+		foreach my $val (sort keys %new) {
+			if (!exists $old{$val}) {
+				display_value_generic("add:\t", $attr, $val);
+			}
+		}
+		foreach my $val (sort keys %old) {
+			if (!exists $new{$val}) {
+				display_value_generic("del:\t", $attr, $val);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	print "\n";
+
+}
+
+sub sid2string ($) {
+
+	my $binary_sid = shift;
+	my $inbuf2;
+	my $sid_rev;	# [1]
+	my $num_auths;	# [1]
+	my @id_auth;	# [6]
+	my @sub_auths;
+	my $subauth;	# [16]
+	my $sid_strout;
+	my $ia;
+
+	my $tmp_sid = unpack 'H*', $binary_sid;
+
+	# split the binary string
+	($sid_rev, $num_auths, 
+	$id_auth[0], $id_auth[1], $id_auth[2], $id_auth[3], $id_auth[4], $id_auth[5],
+	$sub_auths[0], $sub_auths[1], $sub_auths[2], $sub_auths[3], $sub_auths[4], $inbuf2) 
+		= unpack 'H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 h8 h8 h8 h8 h8 h*',"$binary_sid";
+
+	# don't ask...
+	for ( my $i = 0; $i < $num_auths; $i++ ) {
+		$sub_auths[$i] = reverse $sub_auths[$i];
+	}
+
+	# build the identifier authority
+	if ( ($id_auth[0] != 0) || ($id_auth[1] != 0) ) {
+		$ia = 	$id_auth[0].
+			$id_auth[1].
+			$id_auth[2].
+			$id_auth[3].
+			$id_auth[4].
+			$id_auth[5];
+	} else {
+		$ia = 	($id_auth[5]) + 
+			($id_auth[4] <<  8) + 
+			($id_auth[3] << 16) + 
+			($id_auth[2] << 24);
+	}
+
+	# build the sid
+	$sid_strout = sprintf("S-%lu-%lu",hex($sid_rev),hex($ia));
+	
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < $num_auths; $i++ ) {
+		$sid_strout .= sprintf( "-%lu", hex($sub_auths[$i]) );
+	}
+
+	return $sid_strout;
+}
+
+sub string_to_guid {
+	my $string = shift;
+	return undef unless $string =~ /([0-9,a-z]{8})-([0-9,a-z]{4})-([0-9,a-z]{4})-([0-9,a-z]{2})([0-9,a-z]{2})-([0-9,a-z]{2})([0-9,a-z]{2})([0-9,a-z]{2})([0-9,a-z]{2})([0-9,a-z]{2})([0-9,a-z]{2})/i;
+	
+	return 	pack("I", hex $1) . 
+		pack("S", hex $2) . 
+		pack("S", hex $3) . 
+		pack("C", hex $4) . 
+		pack("C", hex $5) .
+		pack("C", hex $6) . 
+		pack("C", hex $7) . 
+		pack("C", hex $8) . 
+		pack("C", hex $9) . 
+		pack("C", hex $10) . 
+		pack("C", hex $11);
+
+#	print "$1\n$2\n$3\n$4\n$5\n$6\n$7\n$8\n$9\n$10\n$11\n";
+}
+							       
+sub bindstring_to_guid {
+	my $str = shift;
+	return pack("H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2", 
+		substr($str,0,2),
+		substr($str,2,2),
+		substr($str,4,2),
+		substr($str,6,2),
+		substr($str,8,2),
+		substr($str,10,2),
+		substr($str,12,2),
+		substr($str,14,2),
+		substr($str,16,2),
+		substr($str,18,2),
+		substr($str,20,2),
+		substr($str,22,2),
+		substr($str,24,2),
+		substr($str,26,2),
+		substr($str,28,2),
+		substr($str,30,2));
+}
+
+sub guid_to_string {
+	my $guid = shift;
+	my $string = sprintf "%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", 
+		unpack("I", $guid), 
+		unpack("S", substr($guid, 4, 2)), 
+		unpack("S", substr($guid, 6, 2)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 8, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 9, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 10, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 11, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 12, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 13, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 14, 1)),
+		unpack("C", substr($guid, 15, 1)); 
+	return lc($string);
+}
+
+sub guid_to_bindstring {
+	my $guid = shift;
+	return unpack("H" . 2 * length($guid), $guid),
+}
+
+sub dump_wknguid {
+	print "Dumping Well known GUIDs:\n";
+	foreach my $wknguid (keys %wknguids) {
+
+		my $guid = bindstring_to_guid($wknguids{$wknguid});
+		my $str  = guid_to_string($guid);
+		my $back = guid_to_bindstring($guid);
+
+		printf "wkguid:             %s\n", $wknguid;
+		printf "bind_string format: %s\n", $wknguids{$wknguid};
+		printf "string format:      %s\n", guid_to_string($guid);
+		printf "back to bind_string:%s\n", guid_to_bindstring($guid);
+				
+		printf "use base: \"<WKGUID=%s,%s>\"\n", guid_to_bindstring($guid), $base;
+	}
+}
+
+sub gen_bitmask_string_format($%) {
+	my $mod = shift;
+        my (%tmp) = @_;
+	my @list;
+	foreach my $key (sort keys %tmp) {
+		push(@list, sprintf("%s %s", $tmp{$key}, $key));
+	}
+	return join("\n$mod\t\t\t",@list);
+}
+
+sub nt_to_unixtime ($) {
+	# the number of 100 nanosecond intervals since jan. 1. 1601 (utc)
+	my $t64 = shift;
+	$t64 =~ s/(.+).{7,7}/$1/;
+	$t64 -= 11644473600;
+	return $t64;
+}
+
+sub dump_equal {
+	my $val = shift;
+	my $mod = shift || die "no mod";
+        my (%header) = @_;
+	my %tmp;
+	my $found = 0;
+	foreach my $key (keys %header) {
+		if ($header{$key} eq $val) {
+			$tmp{"($val)"} = $key;
+			$found = 1;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!$found) { $tmp{$val} = ""; };
+	return gen_bitmask_string_format($mod,%tmp);
+}
+
+sub dump_bitmask {
+	my $op = shift || die "no op";
+	my $val = shift; 
+	my $mod = shift || die "no mod";
+        my (%header) = @_;
+	my %tmp;
+	$tmp{""} = $val;
+	foreach my $key (sort keys %header) {
+		if ($op eq "&") {
+			$tmp{$key} = ( $val & $header{$key} ) ? $set:$unset; 
+		} elsif ($op eq "==") {
+			$tmp{$key} = ( $val == $header{$key} ) ? $set:$unset; 
+		} else {
+			print "unknown operator: $op\n";
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	return gen_bitmask_string_format($mod,%tmp);
+}
+
+sub dump_bitmask_and {
+	return dump_bitmask("&",@_);
+}
+
+sub dump_bitmask_equal {
+	return dump_bitmask("==",@_);
+}
+
+sub dump_uac {
+	return dump_bitmask_and(@_,%ads_uf); # ads_uf ?
+}
+
+sub dump_uacc {
+	return dump_bitmask_equal(@_,%ads_uacc); 
+}
+
+sub dump_uf {
+	return dump_bitmask_and(@_,%ads_uf);
+}
+
+sub dump_gtype {
+	return dump_bitmask_and(@_,%ads_gtype);
+}
+
+sub dump_atype {
+	return dump_bitmask_equal(@_,%ads_atype);
+}
+
+sub dump_controls {
+	return dump_equal(@_,%ads_controls);
+}
+
+sub dump_capabilities {
+	return dump_equal(@_,%ads_capabilities);
+}
+
+sub dump_extension {
+	return dump_equal(@_,%ads_extensions);
+}
+
+sub dump_systemflags {
+	return dump_bitmask_and(@_,%ads_systemflags);
+}
+
+sub dump_instance_type {
+	return dump_bitmask_and(@_,%ads_instance_type);
+}
+
+sub dump_ds_func {
+	return dump_bitmask_equal(@_,%ads_ds_func);
+}
+
+sub dump_mixed_domain {
+	return dump_bitmask_equal(@_,%ads_mixed_domain);
+}
+
+sub dump_sid {
+	my $bin_sid = shift;
+	return sid2string($bin_sid);
+}
+
+sub dump_guid {
+	my $guid = shift;
+	return guid_to_string($guid);
+}
+
+sub dump_secdesc {
+	my $val = shift;
+	return "FIXME: write sddl-converter!";
+}
+
+sub dump_nttime {
+	my $nttime = shift;
+	if ($nttime == 0) {
+		return sprintf("%s (%s)", "never", $nttime);
+	}
+	my $localtime = localtime(nt_to_unixtime($nttime));
+	return sprintf("%s (%s)", $localtime, $nttime);
+}
+
+sub dump_nttime_abs {
+	if ($_[0] == 9223372036854775807) {
+		return sprintf("%s (%s)", "now", $_[0]);
+	}
+	if ($_[0] == -9223372036854775808 || $_[0] == 0) { # 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+		return sprintf("%s (%s)", "never", $_[0]);
+	}
+	# FIXME: actually *do* abs time !
+	return dump_nttime($_[0]);
+}
+
+sub dump_timestr {
+	my $time = shift;
+	my ($year,$mon,$mday,$hour,$min,$sec,$zone) = 
+		unpack('a4 a2 a2 a2 a2 a2 a4', $time);
+	$mon -= 1;
+	my $localtime = localtime(timegm($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year));
+	return sprintf("%s (%s)", $localtime, $time);
+}
+
+sub dump_string {
+	return $_[0];
+}
+
+sub dump_int {
+	return sprintf("%d", $_[0]);
+}
+
+sub dump_munged_dial {
+	my $dial = shift;
+	return "FIXME! decode this";
+}
+
+sub construct_filter {
+
+	my $tmp = shift;
+
+	if (!$tmp || $opt_notify) {
+		return "(objectclass=*)";
+	}
+
+	if ($tmp && $tmp !~ /^.*\=/) {
+		return "(ANR=$tmp)";
+	}
+
+	return $tmp;
+	# (&(objectCategory=person)
+	# (userAccountControl:$ads_matching_rules{LDAP_MATCHING_RULE_BIT_AND}:=2))
+}
+
+sub construct_attrs {
+	
+	my @attrs = @_;
+	
+	if (!@attrs) {
+		push(@attrs,"*");
+	}
+
+	if ($opt_notify) {
+		push(@attrs,"uSNChanged");
+	}
+
+	if ($opt_display_metadata) {
+		push(@attrs,"msDS-ReplAttributeMetaData");
+		push(@attrs,"replPropertyMetaData");
+	}
+
+	push(@attrs,"nTSecurityDescriptor");
+	push(@attrs,"msDS-KeyVersionNumber");
+	push(@attrs,"msDS-User-Account-Control-Computed");
+	push(@attrs,"modifyTimeStamp");
+
+	return sort @attrs;
+}
+
+sub print_header {
+
+	print "\n";
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "uri", $uri;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "port", $port;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "base", $base;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", $sasl_bind ? "principal" : "binddn", $sasl_bind ? $upn : $binddn;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "password", $password;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "bind-type", $sasl_bind ? "SASL" : "simple";
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "sasl-mech", $sasl_mech if ($sasl_mech);
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "filter", $filter;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "scope", $scope;
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "attrs", join(", ", @attrs);
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "controls", join(", ", @ctrls_s);
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "page_size", $page_size if ($paging);
+	printf "%10s: %s\n", "start_tls", $opt_starttls ? "yes" : "no";
+	printf "\n";
+}
+
+sub gen_controls {
+
+	my $asn = Convert::ASN1->new;
+	$asn->prepare(
+		q<	ExtendedDn ::= SEQUENCE {
+				mode     INTEGER
+			}
+		>
+	);
+
+	my $ctl_extended_dn_val = $asn->encode( mode => '1');
+	my $ctl_extended_dn =Net::LDAP::Control->new( 
+		type => $ads_controls{'LDAP_SERVER_EXTENDED_DN_OID'},
+		critical => 'true',
+		value => $ctl_extended_dn_val);
+
+	my $ctl_notification = Net::LDAP::Control->new( 
+		type => $ads_controls{'LDAP_SERVER_NOTIFICATION_OID'},
+		critical => 'true');
+
+	$ctl_paged = Net::LDAP::Control->new( 
+		type => $ads_controls{'LDAP_PAGED_RESULT_OID_STRING'},
+		critical => 'true',
+		size => $page_size);
+
+	if ($paging) {
+		push(@ctrls, $ctl_paged);
+		push(@ctrls_s, "LDAP_PAGED_RESULT_OID_STRING" );
+	}
+
+	if ($opt_display_extendeddn) {
+		push(@ctrls, $ctl_extended_dn);
+		push(@ctrls_s, "LDAP_SERVER_EXTENDED_DN_OID");
+	} 
+	if ($opt_notify) {
+		push(@ctrls, $ctl_notification);
+		push(@ctrls_s, "LDAP_SERVER_NOTIFICATION_OID");
+	}
+	
+	return @ctrls;
+}
+
+sub display_value_generic ($$$) {
+
+	my ($mod,$attr,$value) = @_;
+	return unless (defined($value) and defined($attr));
+
+	if ( ! $opt_display_raw && exists $attr_handler{$attr} ) {
+		$value = $attr_handler{$attr}($value,$mod);
+		write_ads_list($mod,$attr,$value);
+		return;
+	}
+	write_ads($mod,$attr,$value);
+}
+
+sub display_attr_generic ($$$) {
+
+	my ($mod,$entry,$attr) = @_;
+	return if (!$attr || !$entry);
+
+	my $ref = $entry->get_value($attr, asref => 1);
+	my @values = @$ref;
+
+	foreach my $value (@values) {
+		display_value_generic($mod,$attr,$value);
+	}
+}
+
+sub display_entry_generic ($) {
+
+	my $entry = shift;
+	return if (!$entry);
+
+	foreach my $attr ( $entry->attributes) {
+		display_attr_generic("\t",$entry,$attr);	
+	}
+}
+
+sub display_ldap_err ($) {
+	my $msg = shift;
+
+	print_header();
+	my ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine) = caller(0);
+
+	print "got error from ADS:\n";
+	printf("%s(%d): ERROR (%s): %s\n", 
+		$subroutine, $line, $msg->code, $msg->error);
+
+}
+
+sub process_result {
+
+	my ($msg,$entry) = @_;
+
+	if (!defined($msg)) { 
+		return; 
+	}
+
+	if ($msg->code) {
+		display_ldap_err($msg);
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!defined($entry)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ($entry->isa('Net::LDAP::Reference')) {
+		foreach my $ref ($entry->references) {
+			print "\ngot Reference: [$ref]\n";
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	print "\nfound entry: ".$entry->dn."\n".("-" x 80)."\n";
+
+	display_entry_generic($entry);
+}
+
+sub default_callback {
+
+	my ($res,$obj) = @_;
+
+	if (!$opt_notify) {
+		return process_result($res,$obj);
+	} 
+}
+
+sub error_callback {
+
+	my ($msg,$entry) = @_;
+
+	if (!$msg) { 
+		return; 
+	}
+
+	if ($msg->code) {
+		display_ldap_err($msg);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub notify_callback {
+
+	my ($msg, $obj) = @_;
+
+	if (! defined($obj)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ($obj->isa('Net::LDAP::Reference')) {
+		foreach my $ref ($obj->references) {
+			print "\ngot Reference: [$ref]\n";
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (1) {
+
+		my $async_entry = $async_search->pop_entry;
+	
+		printf("\ngot changenotify for dn: [%s]\n%s\n", $async_entry->dn, ("-" x 80));
+
+		my $new_usn = $async_entry->get_value('uSNChanged');
+		if (!$usn || $new_usn > $usn) {
+			$usn = $new_usn;
+			if ($opt_notify_nodiffs) {
+				display_entry_generic($async_entry);
+			} else {
+				display_result_diff($async_entry);
+			}
+		} 
+		store_result($async_entry);
+	}
+}
+
+sub do_bind($$) {
+
+	my $async_ldap_hd = shift || return undef;
+	my $sasl_bind = shift;
+
+	if ($sasl_bind) {
+		if (!$works_sasl) {
+			print "this version of Net::LDAP does not have proper SASL support.\n";
+			print "Need at least perl-ldap V. $pref_version\n";
+		}
+		$sasl_hd = get_sasl_hd();
+		if (!$sasl_hd) {
+			print "failed to create SASL handle\n";
+			return -1;
+		}
+		$mesg = $async_ldap_hd->bind( 
+			sasl => $sasl_hd, 
+			callback => \&error_callback 
+		) || die "doesnt work"; 
+	} else {
+		$sasl_mech = "";
+		$mesg = $async_ldap_hd->bind( 
+			$binddn, 
+			password => $password, 
+			callback => \&error_callback
+		) || die "doesnt work";
+	};
+	if ($mesg->code) { 
+		display_ldap_err($mesg);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub do_unbind() {
+	if ($async_ldap_hd) {
+		$async_ldap_hd->unbind;
+	}
+	if ($sync_ldap_hd) {
+		$sync_ldap_hd->unbind;
+	}
+}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+sub main () {
+
+	$filter = construct_filter($query);
+	@attrs  = construct_attrs(@attrs);
+	@ctrls  = gen_controls();
+	if (check_ctrls($server,$dse,@ctrls) == -1) {
+		print "not all required LDAP Controls are supported by this server\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	if ($opt_dump_rootdse) {
+		print "Dumping Root-DSE:\n";
+		display_entry_generic($dse);
+		exit 0;
+	}
+
+	if ($opt_dump_wknguid) {
+		dump_wknguid();
+		exit 0;
+	}
+
+	if (do_bind($async_ldap_hd, $sasl_bind) == -1) {
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	print_header();
+
+	if ($opt_dump_schema) {
+		print "Dumping Schema:\n";
+		my $ads_schema = $async_ldap_hd->schema;
+		$ads_schema->dump;
+		exit 0;
+	}
+
+	while (1) {
+
+		$async_search = $async_ldap_hd->search( 
+			base => $base, 
+			filter => $filter, 
+			attrs => [ @attrs ],
+			control => [ @ctrls ], 
+			callback => \&default_callback,
+			scope => $scope,
+				) || die "cannot search";
+
+		if ($opt_notify) {
+
+			print "[$base] is registered now for change-notify\n";
+			print "\nWaiting for change-notify...\n";
+
+			my $sync_ldap_hd = get_ldap_hd($server,0);
+			if (do_bind($sync_ldap_hd, $sasl_bind) == -1) {
+				exit 2;
+			}
+
+			my $sync_search = $sync_ldap_hd->search( 
+				base => $base, 
+				filter => $filter, 
+				attrs => [ @attrs ],
+				callback => \&notify_callback,
+				scope => $scope,
+				) || die "cannot search";
+
+		}
+
+		$total_entry_count += $async_search->count;
+		++$page_count;
+		print "-" x 80 . "\n";
+		printf("Got %d Entries in Page %d \n\n", 
+			$async_search->count, $page_count);
+		my ($resp) = $async_search->control( 
+			$ads_controls{'LDAP_PAGED_RESULT_OID_STRING'} ) or last;
+		last unless ref $resp && $ctl_paged->cookie($resp->cookie);
+	}
+
+	if ($async_search->entries == 0) {
+		print "No entries found with filter $filter\n";
+	} else {
+		print "Got $total_entry_count Entries in $page_count Pages\n" if ($paging);
+	}
+
+	do_unbind()
+}
+
+main();
+
+exit 0;