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tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/pt/docs/graphViewer">Visualizador de Gráficos</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/pt/docs/heatmap">Mapa de Tensão</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_3ufF"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_3FMP"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_3FnS"><div class="docItemContainer_33ec"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_3a4h">Carga</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/pt/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><ol><li>a potência ativa, reativa ou aparente gerada, transmitida ou distribuída dentro de um sistema;</li><li>a potência demandada por um grupo de consumidores classificados de acordo com suas particularidades e características, por exemplo, carga de aquecimento, carga reativa diurna, etc. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&amp;ievref=601-01-15" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</li></ol></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="carga-no-psp-ufu"></a>Carga no PSP-UFU<a class="hash-link" href="#carga-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>As cargas são os elementos de potência consumidores de potência genéricos. Nos estudos de fluxo de carga é possível modelar a carga como <strong>potência ou impedância constante</strong> e em estabilidade pode-se compor a carga na proporção desejada em três tipos (<strong>carga ZIP</strong>): potência constante, impedância constante e corrente constante.</p><p>As cargas de potência constante nos estudos de fluxo de carga são inseridos no vetor de potências e permanecem fixos durante toda a simulação.</p><p>Os elementos shunt, como reatores, banco de capacitores e cargas de impedância constante, são representados simplesmente por suas admitâncias em derivação. Como os parâmetros de entrada geralmente se constituem de suas potências ativa (P) e reativa (Q) nominais (no caso de reatores e capacitores, P=0), deve-se, portanto, encontrar sua admitância com a equação abaixo para inseri-la na matriz admitância:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{y} = \frac{P-jQ}{\dot{V}^2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.825em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.17052em;vertical-align:-0.8101900000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3603299999999998em"><span style="top:-2.18981em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8101900000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Para os estudos de <strong>curto-circuito</strong> e <strong>harmônicos</strong> as cargas são modeladas como impedância constante, independentemente da sinalização indicada em seu formulário de edição de dados.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"></a>Carga no estudo de estabilidade<a class="hash-link" href="#carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A modelagem das cargas do sistema de forma exata se torna impraticável em um problemas de estabilidade, visto à grande quantidade e variedade dos componentes envolvidos, além de apresentar modificações em suas composições causado por vários fatores, como tempo, condições climáticas e economia. Portanto várias aproximações devem ser utilizadas na formulação de um modelo de carga nos estudos aqui postos.</p><p>Uma forma interessante de se representar cargas dependentes da tensão são as cargas ZIP, as quais são funções quadráticas, possuindo três parcelas: impedância constante (Z), corrente constante (I) e potência constante (P). As potências ativa e reativa são obtidas pelas seguintes equações:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_L=P_{Z0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_{i0}} \right)^2+P_{I0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_i0} \right)+P_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.604038em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6540080000000001em"><span style="top:-3.9029000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.40003em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_L=Q_{Z0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_{i0}} \right)^2+Q_{I0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_i0} \right)+Q_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.604038em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6540080000000001em"><span style="top:-3.9029000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.40003em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que:</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_L</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_L</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>	são as potências ativa e reativa da carga ZIP, respectivamente, conectadas em uma barra genérica i;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a tensão atual de uma barra genérica i;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_{i0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a tensão inicial de uma barra genérica i, obtida do estudo de fluxo de carga;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{Z0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{Z0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as parcelas de impedância constante para potências ativa e reativa, respectivamente;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{I0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{I0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as parcelas de corrente constante para potências ativa e reativa, respectivamente;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as parcelas de potência constante para potências ativa e reativa, respectivamente.</p><p>Os valores das parcelas de potência da carga ZIP são obtidos utilizando as potências da carga após a convergência do cálculo do fluxo de carga (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{L0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, para a potência ativa e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{L0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, para a potência reativa), utilizando as seguintes expressões:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">{</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.3599999999999999em" columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac><mfrac><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac><mfrac><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{cases} P_{Z0}=\displaystyle \frac{k_{PZ}}{100} \frac{P_{L0}}{V_{i0}^2}\\ P_{I0}=\displaystyle \frac{k_{PI}}{100} \frac{P_{L0}}{V_{i0}}\\ P_{P0}=\displaystyle \frac{k_{PP}}{100} P_{L0} \end{cases}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:6.60004em;vertical-align:-3.05002em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.5500200000000004em"><span style="top:-0.9999899999999999em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎩</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.99499em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2899900000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.5849900000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.8799900000000005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.1749900000000006em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2049900000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1500100000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎨</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.29501em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.59001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.885010000000001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.180010000000001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.475010000000001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.50501em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.80002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎧</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.05002em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.5495919999999996em"><span style="top:-5.549592em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3714399999999998em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7959080000000001em"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9628639999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.215288em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3714399999999998em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.007848em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3714399999999998em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.0495919999999996em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Os valores de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{PZ}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{PI}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{PP}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> representam a composição em impedância, corrente e potência constantes, respectivamente, da parcela ativa da carga, os quais são inseridos pelo usuário na forma de porcentagem, sendo a soma desses três valores necessariamente igual a 100%. Os parâmetros <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{QZ}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.328331em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">Q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{QI}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.328331em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">Q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{QP}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.328331em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">Q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> podem ser interpretados de forma análoga, porém compõe a parcela reativa da carga.</p><p>O comportamento das potências, retiradas de simulações no PSP-UFU, de cada parcela que compõe a carga ZIP são evidenciadas na figura abaixo.</p><div><center><img src="/PSP/pt/images/loadModel.svg" alt="Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tensão x Potência; (b) Curva de Tensão x Corrente" title="Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tensão x Potência; (b) Curva de Tensão x Corrente"></center></div><p>Cargas de corrente e potência constantes possuem problemas em tensões muito baixas. À medida que a tensão diminui as correntes dessas cargas não reduz, como pode ser observado na figura acima, resultando em perda de precisão e problemas na convergência de processos iterativos. Para contornar esse problema utiliza-se uma tensão pré-definida pelo usuário (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_{low}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02691em">w</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), a qual as cargas (ou parcelas) de corrente e potência constantes são modeladas como impedância constante, resultando no comportamento de potência e corrente apresentados na figura acima.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="formulário-de-edição-das-cargas"></a>Formulário de edição das cargas<a class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-das-cargas" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados das cargas:</p><div><center><img src="/PSP/pt/images/loadForm.png" alt="Formulário das cargas no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário das cargas no PSP-UFU"></center></div><p>Esse formulário é subdividido em dois contextos distintos:</p><ul><li><strong>Geral</strong>: no qual são inseridas informações gerais das cargas, informações e o tipo de carga no fluxo de carga;</li><li><strong>Estabilidade</strong>: contendo opções de visualização de dados da carga em gráficos no tempo e opções de parametrização da carga ZIP.</li></ul><p>Além desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o botão &quot;Chaveamento&quot; na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção da carga durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/pt/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><div><center><img src="/PSP/pt/images/loadSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento da carga" title="Formulário de chaveamento da carga"></center></div><div class="tabs-container"><ul role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" class="tabs"><li role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-selected="true" class="tabs__item tabItem_1uMI tabs__item--active">Geral</li><li role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false" class="tabs__item tabItem_1uMI">Estabilidade</li><li role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false" class="tabs__item tabItem_1uMI">Botão Chaveamento</li></ul><div class="margin-vert--md"><div role="tabpanel"><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="nome"></a>Nome<a class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="potência-ativa"></a>Potência ativa<a class="hash-link" href="#potência-ativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parcela de potência ativa da carga. Pode ser inserido em MW, kW W ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> (na base do sistema).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="potência-reativa"></a>Potência reativa<a class="hash-link" href="#potência-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parcela de potência reativa da carga. Pode ser inserido em Mvar, kvar var ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> (na base do sistema).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="tipo-de-carga-fluxo-de-carga"></a>Tipo de carga (fluxo de carga)<a class="hash-link" href="#tipo-de-carga-fluxo-de-carga" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Tipo da carga para o estudo de fluxo de carga, podendo ser selecionado dois tipos: Potência constante e Impedância constante. As cargas de potência constantes são inseridas nos vetores de potência e permanecem invariantes no cálculo, enquanto que para as cargas de impedância constante determina-se o valor da impedância utilizando a potência e tensão nominal, a qual é inserida na matriz admitância.</p></div><div role="tabpanel" hidden=""><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="imprimir-dados"></a>Imprimir dados<a class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-dados" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Exibe os dados da carga nos gráficos no tempo.
Os seguintes dados são exibidos:</p><ul><li>módulo da tensão</li><li>corrente</li><li>potências ativa e reativa.</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="utilizar-composição-de-carga-zip"></a>Utilizar composição de carga ZIP<a class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-composição-de-carga-zip" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Permite compor a carga ZIP para estudos de estabilidade. Caso essa opção não esteja selecionada é usada a composição global definida nas <a href="/PSP/pt/docs/simulationConfig">configurações de simulação</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Por padrão, todas as cargas no PSP-UFU são definidas como impedância constante no estudo de estabilidade.</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso todas as barras possuírem o mesmo comportamento de carga ZIP, a parametrização poderá ser realizada nas <a href="/PSP/pt/docs/simulationConfig">configurações de simulação</a> para todas as cargas, sem a necessidade de parametrização individual.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_2LWZ" id="composição-de-potência-ativa-e-reativa"></a>Composição de potência ativa e reativa<a class="hash-link" href="#composição-de-potência-ativa-e-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores da composição da carga ZIP, inseridas para potência ativa e reativa separadamente, em porcentagem. A soma da composição deve ser igual a 100%, caso contrário será exibida uma mensagem de erro ao usuário.</p></div><div role="tabpanel" hidden=""><p>O botão &quot;Chaveamento&quot; irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/pt/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões &quot;Adicionar&quot; e &quot;Remover&quot;, respectivamente.</p></div></div></div></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/load.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" role="img" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_2_ui" aria-label="Edit page"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/pt/docs/transformer"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Transformador</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/pt/docs/capacitor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Capacitor »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_35-E thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#carga-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Carga no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Carga no estudo de estabilidade</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-das-cargas" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição das cargas</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Manual</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/pt/docs/">Manual do PSP-UFU</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Documentação do Código</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Comunidade</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Faça uma pergunta</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Crédito das Imagens do Site</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Imagens criadas por upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2021 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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