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Em contrapartida, caso as vari\xe1veis de estado dos elementos do sistema oscilem ap\xf3s uma perturba\xe7\xe3o e se estabele\xe7am em um novo ponto de opera\xe7\xe3o, mesmo que distinto dos valores iniciais, o sistema \xe9 considerado ",Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"est\xe1vel"),"."),Object(m.b)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade no PSP-UFU"),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", assim como os ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"controles")," das ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o da estabilidade \xe9 realizada no ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no \xedcone do bot\xe3o ",Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Executar Estabilidade"),'. Ao clicar na parte inferior do bot\xe3o "Executar Estabilidade" ser\xe1 exibido um menu suspenso com a op\xe7\xe3o ',Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Lista de eventos de estabilidade"),"."),Object(m.b)("div",null,Object(m.b)("center",null,Object(m.b)("img",{src:Object(r.a)("images/menuSimulationStability.svg"),alt:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o",title:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o"}))),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Ao executar o c\xe1lculo de estabilidade, uma caixa com o status do processo de simula\xe7\xe3o ser\xe1 exibida, indicando primeiramente a inicializa\xe7\xe3o do estudo e posteriormente o tempo de simula\xe7\xe3o calculado."),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Ao clicar na lista de eventos de estabilidade, ser\xe1 exibida uma janela com a descri\xe7\xe3o dos eventos de estabilidade inseridos."),Object(m.b)("div",null,Object(m.b)("center",null,Object(m.b)("img",{src:Object(r.a)("images/stabList.png"),alt:"Lista de eventos de estabilidade",title:"Lista de eventos de estabilidade"}))),Object(m.b)("h3",{id:"inserindo-um-evento-de-estabilidade"},"Inserindo um evento de estabilidade"),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Os dist\xfarbios mais comuns aplicados em estudos de estabilidade transit\xf3ria s\xe3o faltas e chaveamentos. Tais opera\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o facilmente realizadas no PSP-UFU:"),Object(m.b)("ul",null,Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("p",{parentName:"li"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Faltas"),": Curtos-circuitos trif\xe1sicos podem ser inseridos nos ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema por meio da inclus\xe3o da imped\xe2ncia de falta na matriz admit\xe2ncia de barras da mesma maneira realizada em um elemento ",Object(m.b)("em",{parentName:"p"},"shunt"),". Tal valor \xe9 definido pelo usu\xe1rio e caso seja um curto-circuito franco, um valor n\xe3o nulo, mas suficientemente pr\xf3ximo de zero, \xe9 aplicado, de forma que a tens\xe3o no barramento \xe9 levada a zero durante o dist\xfarbio.")),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("p",{parentName:"li"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Chaveamento de ramo"),": Da mesma forma que as faltas, o chaveamento de ramos \xe9 realizado por meio da altera\xe7\xe3o na matriz admit\xe2ncia, removendo ou inserindo os par\xe2metros do elemento a ser chaveado.\nCada ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"elemento de pot\xeancia"),' possui um bot\xe3o de "Chaveamento" ou "Estabilidade", em que pode ser inserido os tempos de remo\xe7\xe3o e/ou inser\xe7\xe3o do componente.')),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("p",{parentName:"li"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Chaveamento de m\xe1quinas"),": A remo\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona \xe9 efetivada com a retirada de sua participa\xe7\xe3o no vetor de correntes, al\xe9m da remo\xe7\xe3o de sua admit\xe2ncia fict\xedcia.\nAssim como os ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"elementos de pot\xeancia"),", as ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),' possui um bot\xe3o "Chaveamento", em que pode ser inserido os tempos de remo\xe7\xe3o e/ou inser\xe7\xe3o do componente.'),Object(m.b)("div",{parentName:"li",className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},Object(m.b)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},Object(m.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},Object(m.b)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},Object(m.b)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),Object(m.b)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},Object(m.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Mesmo que removida da barra, os par\xe2metros das ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas")," continuam a ser calculados com a corrente do estator nula, podendo fornecer resultados em uma eventual reconex\xe3o."))))),Object(m.b)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},Object(m.b)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},Object(m.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},Object(m.b)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},Object(m.b)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"}))),"Dica")),Object(m.b)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},Object(m.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Eventos nos ",Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sistemas de controle")," podem ser facilmente introduzidos com o bloco de ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mathExpression"},"express\xe3o matem\xe1tica"),". Nesse caso, tais eventos ",Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o")," ser\xe3o exibidos na lista de eventos de estabilidade."))),Object(m.b)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade"),Object(m.b)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao estudo de estabilidade."),Object(m.b)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-n\xe3o-foi-poss\xedvel-construir-a-matriz-admit\xe2ncia"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "N\xe3o foi poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia"'),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia de barras. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),Object(m.b)("ul",null,Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),Object(m.b)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-os-valores-de-satura\xe7\xe3o-do"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar os valores de satura\xe7\xe3o do..."'),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular os fatores de satura\xe7\xe3o da ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),Object(m.b)("ul",null,Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O fator de satura\xe7\xe3o \xe9 menor que 1,2"),". Esse valor deve ser maior que 1,2, ou ir\xe1 gerar erros na simula\xe7\xe3o. Caso n\xe3o seja informado, a satura\xe7\xe3o da m\xe1quina n\xe3o \xe9 considerada nos c\xe1lculos."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo dos fatores de satura\xe7\xe3o pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente.")),Object(m.b)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-avr--regulador-de-velocidade"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o AVR / regulador de velocidade..."'),Object(m.b)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor#inicializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-sistema-de-controle"},"inicializar o sistema de controle")," de uma ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),Object(m.b)("ul",null,Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O sistema de controle est\xe1 vazio"),". Caso esteja habilitado o AVR e/ou o regulador de velocidade e o controle n\xe3o foi inserido, esse erro pode ser acionado. Insira o controle da m\xe1quina ou desmarque a op\xe7\xe3o de utiliza\xe7\xe3o do AVR e/ou regulador de velocidade."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O sistema de controle n\xe3o possui ao menos uma entrada e uma sa\xedda"),". O sistema de controle deve ter ao menos uma ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"io"},"entrada e uma sa\xedda"),", caso contr\xe1rio apresentar\xe1 erro de execu\xe7\xe3o."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O passo de integra\xe7\xe3o est\xe1 muito pequeno"),". 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Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},Object(m.b)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. 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Os m\xe9todos expl\xedcitos, devido \xe0 sua formula\xe7\xe3o, calculam diretamente o estado do sistema em um instante de tempo posterior, enquanto m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos envolvem estados atuais e posteriores em suas equa\xe7\xf5es, exigindo, portanto, um processo iterativo."),Object(m.b)("p",null,"As constantes de tempo presentes no estudo de estabilidade t\xeam uma grande varia\xe7\xe3o em seu valor (podem variar de ",Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},Object(m.b)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},Object(m.b)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},Object(m.b)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},Object(m.b)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),Object(m.b)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},Object(m.b)("mn",{parentName:"msup"},"0"),Object(m.b)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},Object(m.b)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u2212"),Object(m.b)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"3"))),Object(m.b)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),Object(m.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),Object(m.b)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10^{-3}~s")))),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8141079999999999em",verticalAlign:"0em"}}),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141079999999999em"}},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2212"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"3"))))))))),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathdefault"},"s")))))," a ",Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},Object(m.b)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},Object(m.b)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},Object(m.b)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},Object(m.b)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"10"),Object(m.b)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),Object(m.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),Object(m.b)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10~s")))),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.64444em",verticalAlign:"0em"}}),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),Object(m.b)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathdefault"},"s"))))),"). 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Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P.; et al. Definition and classification of power system stability. IEEE Transactions Power Systems, v. 19, n. 2, mai 2004, p. 1387-1401. doi: ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981")),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"PARK, R. H. Two-reactions Theory of Synchronous Machine. Generalized Method of Analysis \u2013 Part I. AIEE Transactions, v. 48, n. 3, jul 1929. doi: ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275")),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ANDERSON, P. M.; FOUAD, A. A. Power System Control and Stability. Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2002. doi: ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545577"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545577")),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"SAUER, P. W.; PAI, M. A. Power System Dynamics and Stability. Pretience Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1998."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994."),Object(m.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. PAS-91, n. 4, jul 1972, p. 1643-1650. doi: ",Object(m.b)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"))))}b.isMDXComponent=!0}}]);
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