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| author | Thales Lima Oliveira <thaleslima.ufu@gmail.com> | 2020-07-25 14:01:19 -0300 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Thales Lima Oliveira <thaleslima.ufu@gmail.com> | 2020-07-25 14:01:19 -0300 |
| commit | 87fea1875172141fd12a633110ef964e9c4ba10e (patch) | |
| tree | 9572dbefe7d33d684d024eeef3bfa263b0dbb69d /docs | |
| parent | 612470ce1fae11d555f43b580c43170ea90e7b85 (diff) | |
| download | PSP.git-87fea1875172141fd12a633110ef964e9c4ba10e.tar.gz PSP.git-87fea1875172141fd12a633110ef964e9c4ba10e.tar.xz PSP.git-87fea1875172141fd12a633110ef964e9c4ba10e.zip | |
Documentation update
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
52 files changed, 497 insertions, 169 deletions
diff --git a/docs/404.html b/docs/404.html index 57f453a..662e965 100644 --- a/docs/404.html +++ b/docs/404.html @@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Page Not Found | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Page Not Found | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> </head> <body> <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User 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searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col col--6 col--offset-3"><h1 class="hero__title">Page Not Found</h1><p>We could not find what you were looking for.</p><p>Please contact the owner of the site that linked you to the original URL and let them know their link is broken.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" 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Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> </body> </html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/99b37ce5.99460cf0.js b/docs/99b37ce5.99460cf0.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..388cac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/99b37ce5.99460cf0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[30],{131:function(e,a,o){"use strict";o.r(a),o.d(a,"frontMatter",(function(){return c})),o.d(a,"metadata",(function(){return s})),o.d(a,"rightToc",(function(){return d})),o.d(a,"default",(function(){return m}));var t=o(2),n=o(6),r=(o(0),o(155)),i=o(157),c={id:"syncMotor",title:"Compensador S\xedncrono",sidebar_label:"Compensador S\xedncrono"},s={id:"syncMotor",isDocsHomePage:!1,title:"Compensador S\xedncrono",description:"Uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona operando sem carga mec\xe2nica e fornecendo ou absorvendo energia reativa. [tradu\xe7\xe3o livre - IEC 60050](",source:"@site/docs\\syncMotor.md",permalink:"/PSP/docs/syncMotor",editUrl:"https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/syncMotor.md",sidebar_label:"Compensador S\xedncrono",sidebar:"docs",previous:{title:"Gerador S\xedncrono",permalink:"/PSP/docs/syncGenerator"},next:{title:"Motor de Indu\xe7\xe3o",permalink:"/PSP/docs/indMotor"}},d=[{value:"Compensador S\xedncrono no PSP-UFU",id:"compensador-s\xedncrono-no-psp-ufu",children:[]},{value:"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o dos compensadores s\xedncronos",id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-dos-compensadores-s\xedncronos",children:[{value:"Geral",id:"geral",children:[]},{value:"Falta",id:"falta",children:[]}]}],p={rightToc:d};function m(e){var a=e.components,o=Object(n.a)(e,["components"]);return Object(r.b)("wrapper",Object(t.a)({},p,o,{components:a,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),Object(r.b)("link",{rel:"stylesheet",href:Object(i.a)("katex/katex.min.css")}),Object(r.b)("blockquote",null,Object(r.b)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona operando sem carga mec\xe2nica e fornecendo ou absorvendo energia reativa. ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=411-34-03"}),Object(r.b)("em",{parentName:"a"},"tradu\xe7\xe3o livre")," - IEC 60050"),".")),Object(r.b)("h2",{id:"compensador-s\xedncrono-no-psp-ufu"},"Compensador S\xedncrono no PSP-UFU"),Object(r.b)("p",null,"O compensador s\xedncrono nada mais \xe9 que um motor s\xedncrono operando sem carga em seu eixo com o intuito de fornecer ou absorver pot\xeancia reativa na rede. Em rela\xe7\xe3o ao ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"powerFlow"}),"fluxo de carga"),", no PSP-UFU esse elemento tem comportamento id\xeantico ao ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"syncGenerator"}),"gerador s\xedncrono"),", por\xe9m a sua pot\xeancia ativa \xe9 inserida nos algoritmos de solu\xe7\xe3o com sinal negativo."),Object(r.b)("p",null,"Sua parametriza\xe7\xe3o para o estudo de ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"powerFlow"}),"fluxo de carga"),", ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"fault"}),"falta")," e ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"harmonics"}),"harm\xf4nicos")," \xe9 id\xeantica ao ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"syncGenerator"}),"gerador s\xedncrono"),"."),Object(r.b)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},Object(r.b)("div",Object(t.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-heading"}),Object(r.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(r.b)("span",Object(t.a)({parentName:"h5"},{className:"admonition-icon"}),Object(r.b)("svg",Object(t.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"}),Object(r.b)("path",Object(t.a)({parentName:"svg"},{fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"})))),"Cuidado!")),Object(r.b)("div",Object(t.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-content"}),Object(r.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"O compensador s\xedncrono ",Object(r.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o foi implementado no estudo de ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"strong"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"))," e sua presen\xe7a no circuito pode causar erros durante os c\xe1lculos."),Object(r.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"N\xe3o inclua esse elemento para os estudos de ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"),". Vers\xf5es futuras do PSP-UFU ir\xe3o contemplar esse elemento para esse estudo."))),Object(r.b)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},Object(r.b)("div",Object(t.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-heading"}),Object(r.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(r.b)("span",Object(t.a)({parentName:"h5"},{className:"admonition-icon"}),Object(r.b)("svg",Object(t.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"}),Object(r.b)("path",Object(t.a)({parentName:"svg"},{fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"})))),"Dica")),Object(r.b)("div",Object(t.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-content"}),Object(r.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"\xc9 poss\xedvel utilizar um ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"syncGenerator"}),"gerador s\xedncrono")," com pot\xeancia ativa ",Object(r.b)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nula")," ou ",Object(r.b)("em",{parentName:"p"},"negativa")," para representar o compensador s\xedncrono nos estudos de ",Object(r.b)("a",Object(t.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"),"."))),Object(r.b)("h2",{id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-dos-compensadores-s\xedncronos"},"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o dos compensadores s\xedncronos"),Object(r.b)("p",null,"A imagem abaixo apresenta o formul\xe1rio de inser\xe7\xe3o/altera\xe7\xe3o de dados dos compensadores s\xedncronos:"),Object(r.b)("img",{src:Object(i.a)("images/syncMotorForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio dos compensadores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio dos compensadores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}),Object(r.b)("hr",null),Object(r.b)("h3",{id:"geral"},"Geral"),Object(r.b)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),Object(r.b)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/2019w42a-beta/index.html b/docs/blog/2019w42a-beta/index.html index fc67032..6059f90 100644 --- a/docs/blog/2019w42a-beta/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/2019w42a-beta/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">2019w42a-beta | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="2019w42a-beta | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="- Harmonic study implemented;"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="- Harmonic study implemented;"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js" as="script"> @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ 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href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Harmonic study implemented;</li><li>Autolayout from importation implemented;</li><li>Importation of Matpower files;</li><li>Several minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><div><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docs/blog/2019-10-13-2019w42a-beta.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit 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Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/blog/2019w44a-beta/index.html b/docs/blog/2019w44a-beta/index.html index 0bd588f..767dde3 100644 --- a/docs/blog/2019w44a-beta/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/2019w44a-beta/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">22019w44a-beta | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="22019w44a-beta | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="- Minor changes to 32bit MSW version for compatibility;"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="- Minor changes to 32bit MSW version for compatibility;"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js" as="script"> @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ <script>!function(){function 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searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col col--8 col--offset-2"><article><header><h1 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH">22019w44a-beta</h1><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">November 1, 2019 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Minor changes to 32bit MSW version for compatibility;</li><li>Travis CI (Continuous Integration) implemented (Linux).</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><div><a 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class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/blog/2020w24a-beta/index.html b/docs/blog/2020w24a-beta/index.html index 3562bb5..45114c9 100644 --- a/docs/blog/2020w24a-beta/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/2020w24a-beta/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">2020w24a-beta | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="2020w24a-beta | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="- Device context render implemented (to avoid use OpenGL - some machines can't use it properly);"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="- Device context render implemented (to avoid use OpenGL - some machines can't use it properly);"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js" as="script"> @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col col--8 col--offset-2"><article><header><h1 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH">2020w24a-beta</h1><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2020-06-13T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">June 13, 2020 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Device context render implemented (to avoid use OpenGL - some machines can't use it properly);</li><li>Added Visual Studio solution to the GitHub project;</li><li>Several major and minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><div><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docs/blog/2020-06-13-2020w24a-beta.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="margin-vert--xl"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog post page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/blog/2020w28a-beta"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« 2020w28a-beta</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/blog/2019w44a-beta"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">22019w44a-beta »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/blog/2020w28a-beta/index.html b/docs/blog/2020w28a-beta/index.html index 84ce83f..5ce599d 100644 --- a/docs/blog/2020w28a-beta/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/2020w28a-beta/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">2020w28a-beta | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="2020w28a-beta | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="- Voltage heatmap implemented (OpenGL enabled);"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="- Voltage heatmap implemented (OpenGL enabled);"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js" as="script"> @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col col--8 col--offset-2"><article><header><h1 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH">2020w28a-beta</h1><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2020-07-09T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">July 9, 2020 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Voltage heatmap implemented (OpenGL enabled);</li><li>Several major and minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><div><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docs/blog/2020-07-09-2020w28a-beta.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="margin-vert--xl"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog post page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/blog/2020w24a-beta"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next Post</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">2020w24a-beta »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/blog/index.html b/docs/blog/index.html index 96cddd6..d87e347 100644 --- a/docs/blog/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Blog | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Blog | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Blog"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Blog"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js" as="script"> @@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class="row"><main class="col col--8 col--offset-2"><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2020w28a-beta">2020w28a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2020-07-09T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">July 9, 2020 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Voltage heatmap implemented (OpenGL enabled);</li><li>Several major and minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2020w24a-beta">2020w24a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2020-06-13T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">June 13, 2020 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Device context render implemented (to avoid use OpenGL - some machines can't use it properly);</li><li>Added Visual Studio solution to the GitHub project;</li><li>Several major and minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2019w44a-beta">22019w44a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">November 1, 2019 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Minor changes to 32bit MSW version for compatibility;</li><li>Travis CI (Continuous Integration) implemented (Linux).</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2019w42a-beta">2019w42a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2019-10-13T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">October 13, 2019 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Harmonic study implemented;</li><li>Autolayout from importation implemented;</li><li>Importation of Matpower files;</li><li>Several minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"></div></nav></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/blog/tags/index.html b/docs/blog/tags/index.html index 271214b..5ed563c 100644 --- a/docs/blog/tags/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/tags/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Tags | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Tags | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Blog Tags"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Blog Tags"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/01a85c17.2e149e1b.js" as="script"> @@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class="row"><main class="col col--8 col--offset-2"><h1>Tags</h1><div class="margin-vert--lg"><div><h3>P</h3><a class="padding-right--md" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu (4)</a><hr></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/01a85c17.2e149e1b.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/blog/tags/psp-ufu/index.html b/docs/blog/tags/psp-ufu/index.html index 1c25869..54ac73b 100644 --- a/docs/blog/tags/psp-ufu/index.html +++ b/docs/blog/tags/psp-ufu/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Posts tagged "psp-ufu" | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Posts tagged "psp-ufu" | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Blog | Tagged "psp-ufu""><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Blog | Tagged "psp-ufu""><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js" as="script"> @@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class="row"><main class="col col--8 col--offset-2"><h1>4 posts tagged with "psp-ufu"</h1><a href="/PSP/blog/tags">View All Tags</a><div class="margin-vert--xl"><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2020w28a-beta">2020w28a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2020-07-09T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">July 9, 2020 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Voltage heatmap implemented (OpenGL enabled);</li><li>Several major and minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div><div class="col text--right"><a aria-label="Read more about 2020w28a-beta" href="/PSP/blog/2020w28a-beta"><strong>Read More</strong></a></div></footer></article><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2020w24a-beta">2020w24a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2020-06-13T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">June 13, 2020 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Device context render implemented (to avoid use OpenGL - some machines can't use it properly);</li><li>Added Visual Studio solution to the GitHub project;</li><li>Several major and minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div><div class="col text--right"><a aria-label="Read more about 2020w24a-beta" href="/PSP/blog/2020w24a-beta"><strong>Read More</strong></a></div></footer></article><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2019w44a-beta">22019w44a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">November 1, 2019 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Minor changes to 32bit MSW version for compatibility;</li><li>Travis CI (Continuous Integration) implemented (Linux).</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div><div class="col text--right"><a aria-label="Read more about 22019w44a-beta" href="/PSP/blog/2019w44a-beta"><strong>Read More</strong></a></div></footer></article><article class="margin-bottom--xl"><header><h2 class="margin-bottom--sm blogPostTitle_2RZH"><a href="/PSP/blog/2019w42a-beta">2019w42a-beta</a></h2><div class="margin-vert--md"><time datetime="2019-10-13T00:00:00.000Z" class="blogPostDate_3tRe">October 13, 2019 · 1 min read</time></div><div class="avatar margin-vert--md"><a class="avatar__photo-link avatar__photo" href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16141330?s=460&v=4" alt="Thales"></a><div class="avatar__intro"><h4 class="avatar__name"><a href="https://github.com/thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thales</a></h4><small class="avatar__subtitle">PhD</small></div></div></header><section class="markdown"><ul><li>Harmonic study implemented;</li><li>Autolayout from importation implemented;</li><li>Importation of Matpower files;</li><li>Several minor bugfixes.</li></ul></section><footer class="row margin-vert--lg"><div class="col"><strong>Tags:</strong><a class="margin-horiz--sm" href="/PSP/blog/tags/psp-ufu">psp-ufu</a></div><div class="col text--right"><a aria-label="Read more about 2019w42a-beta" href="/PSP/blog/2019w42a-beta"><strong>Read More</strong></a></div></footer></article></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/3.e0d33604.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/d9d4a396.8a88b9ab.js b/docs/d9d4a396.8a88b9ab.js deleted file mode 100644 index b5bd415..0000000 --- a/docs/d9d4a396.8a88b9ab.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[42],{140:function(a,e,t){"use strict";t.r(e),t.d(e,"frontMatter",(function(){return p})),t.d(e,"metadata",(function(){return c})),t.d(e,"rightToc",(function(){return r})),t.d(e,"default",(function(){return j}));var s=t(2),m=t(6),n=(t(0),t(155)),b=t(157),p={id:"syncGenerator",title:"Gerador S\xedncrono",sidebar_label:"Gerador S\xedncrono"},c={id:"syncGenerator",isDocsHomePage:!1,title:"Gerador S\xedncrono",description:"Uma m\xe1quina de corrente alternada na qual a frequ\xeancia das tens\xf5es geradas e a velocidade da m\xe1quina est\xe3o em uma propor\xe7\xe3o constante. 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Nele \xe9 poss\xedvel tamb\xe9m acessar aos controles das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas manipulados pelo ',Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"controlEditor"}),"editor de controle"),"."),Object(n.b)("img",{src:Object(b.a)("images/syncGeneratorStabForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}),Object(n.b)("p",null,'No formul\xe1rio de estabilidade pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"),"."),Object(n.b)("img",{src:Object(b.a)("images/syncGeneratorSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono"}),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"geral"},"Geral"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"}),"Unicode"),"."),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-ativa-e-reativa"},"Pot\xeancias ativa e reativa"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Pot\xeancias ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do gerador."),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de pot\xeancia reativa ser\xe1 ignorado e caso seja de refer\xeancia ambos os valores inseridos ser\xe3o desprezados."),Object(n.b)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-heading"}),Object(n.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"h5"},{className:"admonition-icon"}),Object(n.b)("svg",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"}),Object(n.b)("path",Object(s.a)({parentName:"svg"},{fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"})))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-content"}),Object(n.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso mais de um gerador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de pot\xeancia reativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia e PV) e ativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia) s\xe3o igualmente distribu\xeddas, respeitando os limites individuais de pot\xeancia reativa."))),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-reativas-m\xe1xima-e-m\xednima"},"Pot\xeancias reativas m\xe1xima e m\xednima"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Limites de pot\xeancia reativa m\xe1xima e m\xednima do gerador para controle de tens\xe3o em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade ser\xe1 limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada ser\xe1 transformada em PQ, n\xe3o controlando a tens\xe3o estabelecida."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"utilizar-pot\xeancia-nominal-como-base"},"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"simulationConfig"}),"pot\xeancia base do sistema"),"."),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"falta"},"Falta"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncias-de-sequ\xeancia"},"Imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Valores de resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia para c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta. S\xe3o inseridos dados de sequ\xeancia positiva, negativa e zero."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncia-de-aterramento"},"Imped\xe2ncia de aterramento"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Valores utilizados para o c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador n\xe3o seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo \xe9 ignorado."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"neutro-aterrado"},"Neutro aterrado"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Indica se o neutro do gerador \xe9 aterrado."),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"bot\xe3o-estabilidade"},"Bot\xe3o Estabilidade"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-s\xedncrona"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do gerador s\xedncrono nos gr\xe1ficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),Object(n.b)("ul",null,Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o terminal"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancias ativa e reativas"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancia mec\xe2nica"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"frequ\xeancia"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o de campo"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xe2ngulo ",Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"li"},{className:"math 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math-inline"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-mathml"}),Object(n.b)("math",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"}),Object(n.b)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},Object(n.b)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),"."),Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),".")),Object(n.b)("annotation",Object(s.a)({parentName:"semantics"},{encoding:"application/x-tex"}),"p.u.")))),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"base"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.19444em"}})),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord 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.01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"})))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-content"}),Object(n.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Esse valor deve ser ",Object(n.b)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"maior que 1,2"),", ou ir\xe1 gerar erros na simula\xe7\xe3o. 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Nele \xe9 poss\xedvel tamb\xe9m acessar aos controles das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas manipulados pelo ',Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"controlEditor"}),"editor de controle"),"."),Object(n.b)("img",{src:Object(b.a)("images/syncGeneratorStabForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}),Object(n.b)("p",null,'No formul\xe1rio de estabilidade pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"),"."),Object(n.b)("img",{src:Object(b.a)("images/syncGeneratorSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono"}),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"geral"},"Geral"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"}),"Unicode"),"."),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-nominal"},"Pot\xeancia nominal"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Pot\xeancia nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA."),Object(n.b)("p",null,'Esse campo \xe9 especialmente importante caso a op\xe7\xe3o "Utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal como base" esteja marcada.'),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-ativa-e-reativa"},"Pot\xeancias ativa e reativa"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Pot\xeancias ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do gerador."),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de pot\xeancia reativa ser\xe1 ignorado e caso seja de refer\xeancia ambos os valores inseridos ser\xe3o desprezados."),Object(n.b)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-heading"}),Object(n.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"h5"},{className:"admonition-icon"}),Object(n.b)("svg",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"}),Object(n.b)("path",Object(s.a)({parentName:"svg"},{fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"})))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-content"}),Object(n.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso mais de um gerador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de pot\xeancia reativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia e PV) e ativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia) s\xe3o igualmente distribu\xeddas, respeitando os limites individuais de pot\xeancia reativa."))),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-reativas-m\xe1xima-e-m\xednima"},"Pot\xeancias reativas m\xe1xima e m\xednima"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Limites de pot\xeancia reativa m\xe1xima e m\xednima do gerador para controle de tens\xe3o em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade ser\xe1 limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada ser\xe1 transformada em PQ, n\xe3o controlando a tens\xe3o estabelecida."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"utilizar-pot\xeancia-nominal-como-base"},"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"simulationConfig"}),"pot\xeancia base do sistema"),"."),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"falta"},"Falta"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncias-de-sequ\xeancia"},"Imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Valores de resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia para c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta. S\xe3o inseridos dados de sequ\xeancia positiva, negativa e zero."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncia-de-aterramento"},"Imped\xe2ncia de aterramento"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Valores utilizados para o c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador n\xe3o seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo \xe9 ignorado."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"neutro-aterrado"},"Neutro aterrado"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Indica se o neutro do gerador \xe9 aterrado."),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"bot\xe3o-estabilidade"},"Bot\xe3o Estabilidade"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-s\xedncrona"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do gerador s\xedncrono nos gr\xe1ficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),Object(n.b)("ul",null,Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o terminal"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancias ativa e reativas"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancia mec\xe2nica"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"frequ\xeancia"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o de campo"),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xe2ngulo ",Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"li"},{className:"math 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math-inline"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-mathml"}),Object(n.b)("math",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"}),Object(n.b)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},Object(n.b)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),"."),Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),".")),Object(n.b)("annotation",Object(s.a)({parentName:"semantics"},{encoding:"application/x-tex"}),"p.u.")))),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"base"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.19444em"}})),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord 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Os valores de eixo direto e em quadratura devem ser iguais ou muito pr\xf3ximos para representa\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina de polos lisos, enquanto para polos salientes esses valores s\xe3o distintos."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transit\xf3rias"},"Reat\xe2ncias e constantes de tempo transit\xf3rias"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Par\xe2metros transit\xf3rios da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em ",Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{className:"math math-inline"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-mathml"}),Object(n.b)("math",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"}),Object(n.b)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},Object(n.b)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),"."),Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),".")),Object(n.b)("annotation",Object(s.a)({parentName:"semantics"},{encoding:"application/x-tex"}),"p.u.")))),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"base"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.19444em"}})),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord mathdefault"}),"p"),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord"}),"."),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord mathdefault"}),"u"),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord"}),".")))))," ou segundos."),Object(n.b)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-heading"}),Object(n.b)("h5",{parentName:"div"},Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"h5"},{className:"admonition-icon"}),Object(n.b)("svg",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"}),Object(n.b)("path",Object(s.a)({parentName:"svg"},{fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"})))),"Cuidado!")),Object(n.b)("div",Object(s.a)({parentName:"div"},{className:"admonition-content"}),Object(n.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"O valor da reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria de eixo direto deve ser diferente de zero ou levar\xe1 o programa a erro."))),Object(n.b)("p",null,"De acordo com a quantidade de par\xe2metros inseridos \xe9 definido internamente pelo programa qual o modelo a ser utilizado."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransit\xf3rias"},"Reat\xe2ncias e constantes de tempo subtransit\xf3rias"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Par\xe2metros subtransit\xf3rios da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em ",Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{className:"math math-inline"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-mathml"}),Object(n.b)("math",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"}),Object(n.b)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},Object(n.b)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),"."),Object(n.b)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),Object(n.b)("mi",Object(s.a)({parentName:"mrow"},{mathvariant:"normal"}),".")),Object(n.b)("annotation",Object(s.a)({parentName:"semantics"},{encoding:"application/x-tex"}),"p.u.")))),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"base"}),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.19444em"}})),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord mathdefault"}),"p"),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord"}),"."),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord mathdefault"}),"u"),Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"span"},{className:"mord"}),".")))))," ou segundos, representando em detalhes a presen\xe7a de enrolamentos amortecedores. Assim como os dados transit\xf3rios, esses par\xe2metros definem o modelo da m\xe1quina."),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"bot\xe3o-chaveamento"},"Bot\xe3o Chaveamento"),Object(n.b)("p",null,'O bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" ir\xe1 abrir um formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, que permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"),"."),Object(n.b)("p",null,'Nesse formul\xe1rio pode ser criada uma lista gen\xe9rica de inser\xe7\xf5es e remo\xe7\xf5es da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que s\xe3o editados o tipo de chaveamento (inser\xe7\xe3o ou remo\xe7\xe3o) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades s\xe3o atribu\xeddas e retiradas da lista gen\xe9rica por meio dos bot\xf5es "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.'),Object(n.b)("h2",{id:"refer\xeancias"},"Refer\xeancias"),Object(n.b)("ol",null,Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"li"},{href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"}),"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"li"},{href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"}),"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994."),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. PAS-91, n. 4, jul 1972, p. 1643-1650. doi: ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"li"},{href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"}),"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341")),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"IEEE Std 1110-2002 IEEE Guide for Synchronous Generator Modeling Practices and Applications in Power System Stability Analyses. IEEE, New York, nov. 2003. doi: ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"li"},{href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408"}),"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408")),Object(n.b)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KIMBARK, E. W. Power System Stability: Volume III \u2013 Synchronous Machine. New York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 1995.")))}j.isMDXComponent=!0},155:function(a,e,t){"use strict";t.d(e,"a",(function(){return j})),t.d(e,"b",(function(){return i}));var s=t(0),m=t.n(s);function n(a,e,t){return e in a?Object.defineProperty(a,e,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):a[e]=t,a}function b(a,e){var t=Object.keys(a);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);e&&(s=s.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,e).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,s)}return t}function p(a){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var t=null!=arguments[e]?arguments[e]:{};e%2?b(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(e){n(a,e,t[e])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(a,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):b(Object(t)).forEach((function(e){Object.defineProperty(a,e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e))}))}return a}function c(a,e){if(null==a)return{};var t,s,m=function(a,e){if(null==a)return{};var t,s,m={},n=Object.keys(a);for(s=0;s<n.length;s++)t=n[s],e.indexOf(t)>=0||(m[t]=a[t]);return m}(a,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);for(s=0;s<n.length;s++)t=n[s],e.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(a,t)&&(m[t]=a[t])}return m}var r=m.a.createContext({}),O=function(a){var e=m.a.useContext(r),t=e;return a&&(t="function"==typeof a?a(e):p(p({},e),a)),t},j=function(a){var e=O(a.components);return m.a.createElement(r.Provider,{value:e},a.children)},N={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(a){var e=a.children;return m.a.createElement(m.a.Fragment,{},e)}},l=m.a.forwardRef((function(a,e){var t=a.components,s=a.mdxType,n=a.originalType,b=a.parentName,r=c(a,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),j=O(t),l=s,i=j["".concat(b,".").concat(l)]||j[l]||N[l]||n;return t?m.a.createElement(i,p(p({ref:e},r),{},{components:t})):m.a.createElement(i,p({ref:e},r))}));function i(a,e){var t=arguments,s=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof a||s){var n=t.length,b=new Array(n);b[0]=l;var p={};for(var c in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,c)&&(p[c]=e[c]);p.originalType=a,p.mdxType="string"==typeof a?a:s,b[1]=p;for(var r=2;r<n;r++)b[r]=t[r];return m.a.createElement.apply(null,b)}return m.a.createElement.apply(null,t)}l.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},156:function(a,e,t){"use strict";var s=t(0),m=t(35);e.a=function(){return Object(s.useContext)(m.a)}},157:function(a,e,t){"use strict";t.d(e,"a",(function(){return n}));var s=t(156),m=t(158);function n(a,{forcePrependBaseUrl:e=!1,absolute:t=!1}={}){const{siteConfig:{baseUrl:n="/",url:b}={}}=Object(s.a)();if(!a)return a;if(e)return n+a;if(!Object(m.a)(a))return a;const p=n+a.replace(/^\//,"");return t?b+p:p}},158:function(a,e,t){"use strict";function s(a){return!1===/^(https?:|\/\/|mailto:|tel:)/.test(a)}t.d(e,"a",(function(){return s}))}}]);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/bus/index.html b/docs/docs/bus/index.html index 9ce4f0e..4b0686f 100644 --- a/docs/docs/bus/index.html +++ b/docs/docs/bus/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Barramento | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Barramento | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Condutor de baixa impedância ao qual vários circuitos elétricos podem ser conectados em pontos separados."><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Condutor de baixa impedância ao qual vários circuitos elétricos podem ser conectados em pontos separados."><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" 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class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Condutor de baixa impedância ao qual vários circuitos elétricos podem ser conectados em pontos separados. Nota - Em muitos casos, o barramento consiste em uma barra. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-12-30" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="barramento-no-psp-ufu"></a>Barramento no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#barramento-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>O elemento <strong>barramento</strong>, ou simplesmente <strong>barra</strong>, é um conector ou nó do diagrama unifilar do PSP-UFU. Essa barra pode representar um PAC (Ponto de Acoplamento Comum), um poste de distribuição, uma subestação, um barramento da subestação, entre inúmeros outros tipos pontos de análise e conexão entre elementos.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-barramentos"></a>Formulário de edição dos barramentos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-barramentos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O barramento deve ser o <strong>primeiro elemento elétrico a ser inserido no diagrama de potência</strong>, uma vez que os demais componentes de potência são conectados nele.</p></div></div><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados das barras:</p><img src="/PSP/images/busForm.png" alt="Formulário dos barramentos no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos barramentos no PSP-UFU"><p>Esse formulário é subdividido em quatro contextos distintos:</p><ul><li><strong>Geral</strong>: no qual são inseridas informações gerais da barra e informações do fluxo de carga;</li><li><strong>Falta</strong>: local onde o curto-circuito <em>shunt</em> deve ser inserido;</li><li><strong>Estabilidade</strong>: contendo opções de visualização de dados da barra em gráficos no tempo e inserção de faltas trifásicas no cálculo de estabilidade transitória;</li><li><strong>Qualidade de energia</strong>: contém a opção de de visualização da impedância harmônica vista pela barra.</li></ul><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-nominal"></a>Tensão nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Utilizado para cálculo da impedância base de alguns elementos conectados, além do cálculo da relação de transformação dos transformadores conectados entre barras. Sua unidade pode ser selecionada, sendo expressa em V ou em kV.</p><p>A modificação desse parâmetro irá alterar toda a tensão do trecho conectado por linhas elétricas, sendo emitido um alerta ao usuário.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-controlada"></a>Tensão controlada<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-controlada" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caracteriza o barramento como <strong>barra de tensão controlada (<a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra PV</a>)</strong>,</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Essa opção é somente válida caso alguma máquina síncrona esteja conectado, caso contrário esse valor será ignorado. Caso o limite de potência reativa da máquina síncrona conectada seja ultrapassado esse valor também é ignorado.</p></div></div><p>O valor poderá ser inserido em p.u. ou em volts (ou kV caso a tensão nominal esteja nesta unidade).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="barra-de-referência"></a>Barra de referência<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#barra-de-referência" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caracteriza o barramento como <strong>barra de referência (<a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra de oscilação</a>)</strong>. Essa opção é somente válida caso esteja conectado um gerador síncrono, caso contrário uma mensagem de erro será exibida ao usuário ao realizar algum dos cálculos do programa.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="inserir-falta"></a>Inserir falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#inserir-falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Indica se existe um curto-circuito na barra nos estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">curto-circuito</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Nota-se que essa opção irá inserir uma falta no cálculo de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">curto-circuito</a> e <strong>não será considerado no estudo de estabilidade</strong>.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tipo-de-falta"></a>Tipo de falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tipo-de-falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Seleciona o tipo de falha shunt da barra:</p><ul><li>trifásico para a terra</li><li>fase-fase</li><li>fase-fase-terra</li><li>fase-terra</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="local-da-falta"></a>Local da falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#local-da-falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Seleciona a fase em que se situa a falta (ou combinação delas no caso de falha entre duas fases), sendo essa opção desabilitada para o tipo de falta trifásica.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="resistência-e-reatância-de-falta"></a>Resistência e reatância de falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#resistência-e-reatância-de-falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Representam a impedância da falta. Curtos-circuitos francos (sem impedância de falta) são representados inserindo valor zero em ambos os campos.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="estabilidade"></a>Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="imprimir-dados"></a>Imprimir dados<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-dados" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Mostra os dados da barra editada no gráfico gerado pelo estudo de estabilidade transitória. Os seguintes dados são exibidos:</p><ul><li>módulo da tensão do barramento</li><li>ângulo da tensão do barramento.</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="inserir-falta-1"></a>Inserir falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#inserir-falta-1" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Insere uma falta trifásica na barra no cálculo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Nota-se que essa opção irá inserir uma falta no cálculo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a> e <strong>não será considerado no estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">curto-circuito</a></strong>.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tempo"></a>Tempo<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tempo" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Instante no tempo (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t_{falta}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9011879999999999em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) em que ocorre a falta durante os estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>. Esse campo e os próximos são somente acessados caso seja inserida uma falta no estudo de estabilidade.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="duração-da-falta"></a>Duração da falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#duração-da-falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Duração da falta inserida (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta t_{falta}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) no estudo de estabilidade. A falta irá iniciar no instante <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t_{falta}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9011879999999999em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e será interrompida em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t_{falta}+\Delta t_{falta}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9011879999999999em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="resistência-e-reatância-de-falta-1"></a>Resistência e reatância de falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#resistência-e-reatância-de-falta-1" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Impedância de falta nos estudos de estabilidade. Uma falta franca é representada pela inserção de um valor de impedância shunt de valor muito baixo (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>j</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">j10^{-5} p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.008548em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>).</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="qualidade-de-energia"></a>Qualidade de energia<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#qualidade-de-energia" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="imprimir-impedância-harmônica-da-barra"></a>Imprimir impedância harmônica da barra<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-impedância-harmônica-da-barra" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Imprime a impedância harmônica vista por essa barra referente ao estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">Resposta na Frequência</a>.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/bus.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/powerEditor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Editor de Potência</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item 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class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">Harmônicos</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/stability">Estabilidade</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Ferramentas CAD</h1></header><div class="markdown"><blockquote><p>Desenho assistido por computador (DAC; em inglês: <em>computer aided design</em> - CAD) é o nome genérico de sistemas computacionais (<em>software</em>) utilizados pela engenharia, geologia, geografia, arquitetura e design para facilitar o projeto e desenho técnicos. No caso do <em>design</em>, este pode estar ligado especificamente a todas as suas vertentes (produtos como vestuário, eletroeletrônicos, automobilísticos, etc.), de modo que os jargões de cada especialidade são incorporados na interface de cada programa. <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenho_assistido_por_computador" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wikipedia</a></p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="ferramentas-do-menu"></a>Ferramentas do menu<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#ferramentas-do-menu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Todos os objetos criados contêm vários atributos gráficos, como: posição, orientação, cor, tamanho, etc. Para modificá-los foram inseridas algumas ferramentas intuitivas e de fácil utilização, as quais são: <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#selecionar"><strong>selecionar</strong></a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#mover"><strong>mover</strong></a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#girar"><strong>girar</strong></a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#arrastar"><strong>arrastar</strong></a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#zoom"><strong>zoom</strong></a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#encaixar"><strong>encaixar</strong></a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#copiar-e-colar"><strong>copiar, colar</strong></a> e <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#excluir"><strong>excluir</strong></a>.</p><p>Essas ferramentas podem ser acessadas por suas teclas de atalho assim como pelo <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#menu-ribbon">submenu Ferramentas</a>.</p><p>Tais ferramentas permitem a <strong>personalização</strong>, <strong>navegação</strong> e auxiliam a <strong>criação</strong> de redes elétricas de potência, assim como diagramas de controle na plataforma.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="selecionar"></a>Selecionar<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#selecionar" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A seleção de um único objeto é realizada clicando com o botão esquerdo do mouse sobre o elemento, que será identificado pelo contorno em <span style="background-color:#80bfff;border-radius:2px;color:#000;padding:0.2rem">azul</span> do objeto.</p><p>Para a seleção de vários objetos simultaneamente é necessário clicar com o botão esquerdo do mouse em um local vazio da tela e arrastá-lo, criando assim um <strong>retângulo de seleção</strong> que irá acompanhar o ponteiro do mouse enquanto o botão esquerdo estiver pressionado. Ao soltá-lo todos os objetos que intercederem o retângulo serão selecionados.</p><p>Mantendo pressionado a tecla Control (Ctrl) do teclado pode-se manter seleções anteriores enquanto novos elementos são selecionados.</p><p>Para desmarcar todos os objetos basta clicar em uma área sem objetos.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/select.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/select.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="mover"></a>Mover<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#mover" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Um elemento poderá ser movido para qualquer local por meio da ação <em>drag-and-drop</em> (clicando e arrastando) ou pela ferramenta mover.</p><p>Ao habilitar o “modo mover”, movendo todos os componentes selecionados à medida que a posição do mouse é alterada. Para desabilitar esse modo basta pressionar a tecla Escape do teclado.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/move.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/move.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="girar"></a>Girar<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#girar" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Alguns objetos poderão ser rotacionados através da ferramenta girar, acessado pela tecla de atalho “R”, girando o objeto no sentido horário, ou “Shift + R”, para o sentido anti-horário (essa opção irá afetar todos os objetos selecionados). O elemento também pode ser rotacionado pelo <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#menu-ribbon">submenu Ferramentas</a> ou ao acessar o menu de contexto clicando com o botão direito sobre o elemento.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O menu de contexto somente será exibido se o elemento estiver selecionado.</p></div></div><p>Ao utilizar essa ferramenta os objetos irão girar 45º a partir do seu ponto de origem. Para atingir a angulação pretendida basta repetir o processo de rotação.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/rotate.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/rotate.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="arrastar"></a>Arrastar<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#arrastar" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Três ferramentas muito úteis na navegação do circuito, principalmente em grandes redes, são: arrastar, zoom e encaixar.</p><p>A ferramenta arrastar possibilita mover todo o circuito <strong>preservando as posições relativas entre os elementos</strong>. Esta ferramenta pode ser acessada pelo submenu “Ferramentas” ou <strong>mantendo pressionada o <em>scroll</em> do mouse</strong>, ativando assim o “modo arrastar”. Ao ativá-lo todo o circuito será movido clicando e arrastando na direção desejada.</p><p>Para sair do “modo arrastar” basta pressionar a tecla Escape do teclado.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/drag.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/drag.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="zoom"></a>Zoom<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#zoom" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O zoom será aplicado ao utilizar o <strong>scroll do mouse</strong> para mais ou menos zoom. A ferramenta zoom irá aproximar ou distanciar o circuito a partir da posição do ponteiro do mouse na tela para encontrar objetos ou destaca-los.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/zoom.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/zoom.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="encaixar"></a>Encaixar<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#encaixar" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A ferramenta encaixar irá mover o circuito e aplicar o zoom necessário para que todos os componentes da rede sejam exibidos na tela. Esta ferramenta pode ser acessada através do submenu “Ferramentas” ou pela combinação de teclas “Shift + F”.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/fit.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/fit.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="copiar-e-colar"></a>Copiar e Colar<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#copiar-e-colar" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Duas ferramentas importantes durante o processo de criação da rede elétrica de potência no <em>software</em> são copiar e colar. Qualquer circuito criado no PSP-UFU poderá ser duplicado completamente ou parcialmente no mesmo projeto ou em múltiplos através dessas ferramentas.</p><p>Para copiar basta selecionar os elementos que se deseja duplicar e acessar a ferramenta no submenu “Ferramentas” ou pressionando a combinação das teclas “Ctrl + C”, então os dados do circuito serão copiados para a área de transferência. Ao copiar um circuito ele poderá ser colado no mesmo projeto ou em um projeto distinto, utilizando o mesmo submenu ou pressionando a combinação das teclas “Ctrl + V”.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/copyPaste.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/copyPaste.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="excluir"></a>Excluir<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#excluir" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Qualquer objeto poderá ser excluído do projeto por meio da ferramenta deletar, presente no menu Ribbon, pela tecla de atalho Delete ou pelo acesso ao menu de contexto clicando com o botão direito sobre o elemento selecionado.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/delete.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/delete.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="personalização-gráfica-os-elementos"></a>Personalização gráfica os elementos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#personalização-gráfica-os-elementos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Alguns elementos permitem sua personalização gráfica, como as barras e linhas.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="barra"></a>Barra<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#barra" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>No caso dos barramentos, pode-se alterar o <strong>comprimento da barra</strong> clicando e arrastando no <em>pickbox</em> exibido ao posicionar o ponteiro do mouse sobre esse elemento selecionado.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="linha"></a>Linha<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#linha" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>As linhas podem ser inseridas com <strong>"nós" (pontos de ancoragem)</strong>, personalizando a disposição das linhas no diagrama unifilar. Esses nós são inseridos durante o processo de criação do elemento, anteriormente à seleção da segunda barra.</p><p>Após a sua inserção, novos nós podem ser anexados pelo menu de contexto acessado ao clicar com o botão direito sobre a linha selecionada. Sua remoção também é alcançada por uma opção do menu de contexto.</p><p>Assim como nos barramentos, a alteração da posição dos nós é obtida clicando e arrastando o <em>pickbox</em> exibido ao posicionar o ponteiro do mouse sobre esse elemento selecionado.</p><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/graphicPropsChange.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/graphicPropsChange.webm" type="video/webm"></video><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="conexão-e-desconexão-de-elemetos-na-barra"></a>Conexão e desconexão de elemetos na barra<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#conexão-e-desconexão-de-elemetos-na-barra" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Os elementos podem ser desconectados e reconectados às barras após sua inserção somente pela ferramenta <em>drag-and-drop</em>. Para isso, o elemento deve ser selecionado e o seu nó de conexão deve ser arrastado para o local requerido.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O elemento a ser desconectado/reconectado <strong>deve ser previamente selecionado</strong> para efetuar a operação. Caso contrário a barra será movida ou nenhuma operação será realizada.</p></div></div><p>No caso de desconexão, o elemento será automaticamente removido da simulação, sendo indicado pela sua cor (o elemento passa a ter cor <span style="background-color:#7f7f7f;border-radius:2px;color:#000;padding:0.2rem">cinza</span>).</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Ao reconectar o elemento ao circuito, deve-se <strong>atentar para estado do seu "disjuntor"</strong>, indicado por um quadrado próximo ao seu nó de conexão. Um elemento reconectado volta ao circuito com seu disjuntor aberto (<span style="background-color:#ff1919;border-radius:2px;color:#000;padding:0.2rem">vermelho</span>), sendo necessário clicar sobre o mesmo a fim de inserir o elemento no circuito.</p></div></div><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/disconnect.mp4" type="video/mp4"><source src="/PSP/videos/disconnect.webm" type="video/webm"></video></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/cadTools.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Tela Principal</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/powerEditor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Editor de Potência »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#ferramentas-do-menu" class="table-of-contents__link">Ferramentas do menu</a><ul><li><a href="#selecionar" class="table-of-contents__link">Selecionar</a></li><li><a href="#mover" class="table-of-contents__link">Mover</a></li><li><a href="#girar" class="table-of-contents__link">Girar</a></li><li><a href="#arrastar" class="table-of-contents__link">Arrastar</a></li><li><a href="#zoom" class="table-of-contents__link">Zoom</a></li><li><a href="#encaixar" class="table-of-contents__link">Encaixar</a></li><li><a href="#copiar-e-colar" class="table-of-contents__link">Copiar e Colar</a></li><li><a href="#excluir" class="table-of-contents__link">Excluir</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#personalização-gráfica-os-elementos" class="table-of-contents__link">Personalização gráfica os elementos</a><ul><li><a href="#barra" class="table-of-contents__link">Barra</a></li><li><a href="#linha" class="table-of-contents__link">Linha</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#conexão-e-desconexão-de-elemetos-na-barra" class="table-of-contents__link">Conexão e desconexão de elemetos na barra</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">Capacitor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/inductor">Indutor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/harmSource">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">Gerador Síncrono</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor">Compensador Síncrono</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/indMotor">Motor de Indução</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!">Editor de Elementos de Controle</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">Editor de Controle</a></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a 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class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Capacitor</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Um dispositivo constituído essencialmente por dois eletrodos separados por um dielétrico. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=436-01-03" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="capacitor-no-psp-ufu"></a>Capacitor no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#capacitor-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>O elemento capacitor representa, geralmente, um banco de capacitores <em>shunt</em> no circuito do PSP-UFU.</p><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Um arranjo série de uma <a href="/PSP/docs/line">linha</a> sem as susceptâncias <em>shunt</em>, um <a href="/PSP/docs/bus">barramento</a> e um <a href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">capacitor</a> pode ser utilizado para fabricar um filtro passivo nos <a href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">estudos harmônicos</a>. Em versões futuras, um elemento de filtro passivo será implementado no PSP-UFU.</p></div></div><p>Os capacitores e reatores exigem somente sua potência reativa como parâmetro. Esses elementos passivos são somente inseridos na matriz admitância cuja impedância é calculada a partir de sua potência e tensão nominais.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-capacitores"></a>Formulário de edição dos capacitores<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-capacitores" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos capacitores:</p><img src="/PSP/images/capacitorForm.png" alt="Formulário dos capacitores no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos capacitores no PSP-UFU"><p>Além do único contexto geral, pode ser observado o botão "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do capacitor durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/swCapacitor.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do capacitor" title="Formulário de chaveamento do capacitor"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-reativa"></a>Potência reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Os capacitores e reatores exigem somente sua potência reativa como parâmetro, inserida em Mvar, kvar, var ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> (na base de potência do sistema). </p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Estabilidade" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/capacitor.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/load"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Carga</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/inductor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Indutor »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#capacitor-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Capacitor no PSP-UFU</a></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-capacitores" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos capacitores</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="docPage_1kjD"><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Style Guide</h1></header><div class="markdown"><p>You can write content using <a href="https://github.github.com/gfm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub-flavored Markdown syntax</a>.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="markdown-syntax"></a>Markdown Syntax<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#markdown-syntax" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>To serve as an example page when styling markdown based Docusaurus sites.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="headers"></a>Headers<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#headers" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><h1><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="h1---create-the-best-documentation"></a>H1 - Create the best documentation<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#h1---create-the-best-documentation" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h1><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="h2---create-the-best-documentation"></a>H2 - Create the best documentation<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#h2---create-the-best-documentation" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="h3---create-the-best-documentation"></a>H3 - Create the best documentation<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#h3---create-the-best-documentation" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="h4---create-the-best-documentation"></a>H4 - Create the best documentation<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#h4---create-the-best-documentation" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><h5><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="h5---create-the-best-documentation"></a>H5 - Create the best documentation<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#h5---create-the-best-documentation" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h5><h6><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="h6---create-the-best-documentation"></a>H6 - Create the best documentation<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#h6---create-the-best-documentation" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h6><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="emphasis"></a>Emphasis<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#emphasis" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Emphasis, aka italics, with <em>asterisks</em> or <em>underscores</em>.</p><p>Strong emphasis, aka bold, with <strong>asterisks</strong> or <strong>underscores</strong>.</p><p>Combined emphasis with <strong>asterisks and <em>underscores</em></strong>.</p><p>Strikethrough uses two tildes. <del>Scratch this.</del></p><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="lists"></a>Lists<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#lists" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><ol><li>First ordered list item</li><li>Another item<ul><li>Unordered sub-list.</li></ul></li><li>Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number<ol><li>Ordered sub-list</li></ol></li><li>And another item.</li></ol><ul><li>Unordered list can use asterisks</li></ul><ul><li>Or minuses</li></ul><ul><li>Or pluses</li></ul><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="links"></a>Links<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#links" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p><a href="https://www.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">I'm an inline-style link</a></p><p><a href="https://www.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Google's Homepage">I'm an inline-style link with title</a></p><p><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">I'm a reference-style link</a></p><p><a href="/PSP/blob/master/LICENSE">I'm a relative reference to a repository file</a></p><p><a href="http://slashdot.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">You can use numbers for reference-style link definitions</a></p><p>Or leave it empty and use the <a href="http://www.reddit.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">link text itself</a>.</p><p>URLs and URLs in angle brackets will automatically get turned into links. <a href="http://www.example.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.example.com/</a> or <a href="http://www.example.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.example.com/</a> and sometimes example.com (but not on GitHub, for example).</p><p>Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.</p><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="images"></a>Images<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#images" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Here's our logo (hover to see the title text):</p><p>Inline-style: <img src="https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/raw/master/src/common/images/icon48.png" alt="alt text" title="Logo Title Text 1"></p><p>Reference-style: <img src="https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/raw/master/src/common/images/icon48.png" alt="alt text" title="Logo Title Text 2"></p><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="code"></a>Code<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#code" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">var</span><span class="token plain"> s </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">'JavaScript syntax highlighting'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></div><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(130, 170, 255)">alert</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">(</span><span class="token plain">s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">;</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">s </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"Python syntax highlighting"</span><span class="token plain"></span></div><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">(</span><span class="token plain">s</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">)</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.</span></div><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">But let's throw in a <b>tag</b>.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token keyword" style="font-style:italic">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(130, 170, 255)">highlightMe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span></div><div class="token-line docusaurus-highlight-code-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token console class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:rgb(130, 170, 255)">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">'This line can be highlighted!'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span></div><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span></div></div></div></div></div><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tables"></a>Tables<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tables" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Colons can be used to align columns.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Tables</th><th align="center">Are</th><th align="right">Cool</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>col 3 is</td><td align="center">right-aligned</td><td align="right">$1600</td></tr><tr><td>col 2 is</td><td align="center">centered</td><td align="right">$12</td></tr><tr><td>zebra stripes</td><td align="center">are neat</td><td align="right">$1</td></tr></tbody></table><p>There must be at least 3 dashes separating each header cell. The outer pipes (|) are optional, and you don't need to make the raw Markdown line up prettily. You can also use inline Markdown.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Markdown</th><th>Less</th><th>Pretty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em>Still</em></td><td><code>renders</code></td><td><strong>nicely</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr></tbody></table><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="blockquotes"></a>Blockquotes<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#blockquotes" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><blockquote><p>Blockquotes are very handy in email to emulate reply text. This line is part of the same quote.</p></blockquote><p>Quote break.</p><blockquote><p>This is a very long line that will still be quoted properly when it wraps. Oh boy let's keep writing to make sure this is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. Oh, you can <em>put</em> <strong>Markdown</strong> into a blockquote.</p></blockquote><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="inline-html"></a>Inline HTML<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#inline-html" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><dl><dt>Definition list</dt><dd>Is something people use sometimes.</dd><dt>Markdown in HTML</dt><dd>Does *not* work **very** well. Use HTML <em>tags</em>.</dd></dl><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="line-breaks"></a>Line Breaks<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#line-breaks" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Here's a line for us to start with.</p><p>This line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it will be a <em>separate paragraph</em>.</p><p>This line is also a separate paragraph, but... This line is only separated by a single newline, so it's a separate line in the <em>same paragraph</em>.</p><hr><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="admonitions"></a>Admonitions<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#admonitions" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><div class="admonition admonition-note alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>This is a note</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>This is a tip</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-important alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>important</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>This is important</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>caution</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>This is a caution</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>warning</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>This is a warning</p></div></div></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/doc1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#markdown-syntax" class="table-of-contents__link">Markdown Syntax</a></li><li><a href="#headers" class="table-of-contents__link">Headers</a></li><li><a href="#h2---create-the-best-documentation" class="table-of-contents__link">H2 - Create the best documentation</a><ul><li><a href="#h3---create-the-best-documentation" class="table-of-contents__link">H3 - Create the best documentation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#emphasis" class="table-of-contents__link">Emphasis</a></li><li><a href="#lists" class="table-of-contents__link">Lists</a></li><li><a href="#links" class="table-of-contents__link">Links</a></li><li><a href="#images" class="table-of-contents__link">Images</a></li><li><a href="#code" class="table-of-contents__link">Code</a></li><li><a href="#tables" class="table-of-contents__link">Tables</a></li><li><a href="#blockquotes" class="table-of-contents__link">Blockquotes</a></li><li><a href="#inline-html" class="table-of-contents__link">Inline HTML</a></li><li><a href="#line-breaks" class="table-of-contents__link">Line Breaks</a></li><li><a href="#admonitions" class="table-of-contents__link">Admonitions</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit."><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/docs/doc3"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/docs/doc3"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js" as="script"> @@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="docPage_1kjD"><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">This is Document Number 3</h1></header><div class="markdown"><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In ac euismod odio, eu consequat dui. Nullam molestie consectetur risus id imperdiet. Proin sodales ornare turpis, non mollis massa ultricies id. Nam at nibh scelerisque, feugiat ante non, dapibus tortor. Vivamus volutpat diam quis tellus elementum bibendum. Praesent semper gravida velit quis aliquam. Etiam in cursus neque. Nam lectus ligula, malesuada et mauris a, bibendum faucibus mi. Phasellus ut interdum felis. Phasellus in odio pulvinar, porttitor urna eget, fringilla lectus. Aliquam sollicitudin est eros. Mauris consectetur quam vitae mauris interdum hendrerit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</p><p>Duis et egestas libero, imperdiet faucibus ipsum. Sed posuere eget urna vel feugiat. Vivamus a arcu sagittis, fermentum urna dapibus, congue lectus. Fusce vulputate porttitor nisl, ac cursus elit volutpat vitae. Nullam vitae ipsum egestas, convallis quam non, porta nibh. Morbi gravida erat nec neque bibendum, eu pellentesque velit posuere. Fusce aliquam erat eu massa eleifend tristique.</p><p>Sed consequat sollicitudin ipsum eget tempus. Integer a aliquet velit. In justo nibh, pellentesque non suscipit eget, gravida vel lacus. Donec odio ante, malesuada in massa quis, pharetra tristique ligula. Donec eros est, tristique eget finibus quis, semper non nisl. Vivamus et elit nec enim ornare placerat. Sed posuere odio a elit cursus sagittis.</p><p>Phasellus feugiat purus eu tortor ultrices finibus. Ut libero nibh, lobortis et libero nec, dapibus posuere eros. Sed sagittis euismod justo at consectetur. Nulla finibus libero placerat, cursus sapien at, eleifend ligula. Vivamus elit nisl, hendrerit ac nibh eu, ultrices tempus dui. Nam tellus neque, commodo non rhoncus eu, gravida in risus. Nullam id iaculis tortor.</p><p>Nullam at odio in sem varius tempor sit amet vel lorem. Etiam eu hendrerit nisl. Fusce nibh mauris, vulputate sit amet ex vitae, congue rhoncus nisl. Sed eget tellus purus. 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Integer scelerisque vitae tellus id consectetur.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/doc3.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/docs/fault/index.html b/docs/docs/fault/index.html index ad9382e..86e1c79 100644 --- a/docs/docs/fault/index.html +++ b/docs/docs/fault/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Curto-Circuito | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" 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class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>(<em>Fonte de perturbação harmônica</em>) Parte do sistema elétrico de potência ou das instalações a ele conectadas, que causa distorção harmônica da forma de onda da corrente e / ou tensão. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=614-01-16" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="fonte-de-corrente-harmônica-no-psp-ufu"></a>Fonte de corrente harmônica no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#fonte-de-corrente-harmônica-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>As fontes de corrente harmônica são responsáveis pela injeção de correntes harmônicas e são utilizadas pela ferramenta de cálculo de <a href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">distorções harmônicas</a>. Uma lista de correntes harmônicas pode ser inserida em um mesmo elemento, conforme é exibido na o formulário de edição de dados.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A presença da fonte de corrente harmônica <strong>não é considerada</strong> nos estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">curto-circuito</a> e <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p></div></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-das-fontes-de-corrente-harmônica"></a>Formulário de edição das fontes de corrente harmônica<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-das-fontes-de-corrente-harmônica" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados da fonte de corrente harmônica:</p><img src="/PSP/images/harmSourceForm.png" alt="Formulário dos indutores no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos indutores no PSP-UFU"><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="ordem"></a>Ordem<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#ordem" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Especifica a ordem harmônica a ser inserida na lista de correntes harmônicas do elemento. Caso a ordem harmônica já exista na lista, ela será substituída pelos novos parâmetros.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="corrente"></a>Corrente<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#corrente" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Módulo da corrente harmônica.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="unidade"></a>Unidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#unidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Unidade do módulo de corrente harmônica, em A ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="ângulo"></a>Ângulo<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#ângulo" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Ângulo da corrente harmônica, em graus.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="adicionar--remover"></a>Adicionar / Remover<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#adicionar--remover" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Insere ou modifica a nova ordem harmônica ao clicar em “Adicionar”. 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docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Motor de Indução</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Uma máquina assíncrona da qual apenas um enrolamento é energizado. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=411-31-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-psp-ufu"></a>Motor de indução trifásico no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>No PSP-UFU, os motores de indução são contemplados nos estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFLow">fluxo de carga</a> e no estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>Informação</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Os dados de estabilidade da máquina de indução são utilizados em conjunto com o fluxo de carga, <strong>calculando de forma correta a potência reativa das máquinas</strong> e consequentemente a tensão no barramento conectado.</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Ao marcar a opção "Calcular a potência reativa no fluxo de carga", devem ser inseridos os dados corretos na aba "Estabilidade", caso contrário, será atribuída uma potência reativa incorreta no motor.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-cálculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"></a>Motor de indução trifásico no cálculo do fluxo de carga<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-cálculo-do-fluxo-de-carga" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A figura abaixo apresenta o modelo do motor de indução trifásico (MIT) de gaiola simples.</p><img src="/PSP/images/indMotorModel.svg" alt="Circuito equivalente do motor de indução" title="Circuito equivalente do motor de indução"><p>As potências ativa e reativa podem ser calculadas em relação às variáveis e parâmetros do motor em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> como:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mrow><mo fence="true">{</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo fence="true">}</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mrow><mo fence="true">{</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo fence="true">}</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mtext> </mtext><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P = \frac{V^2 \left\{ \left( \frac{r_2}{s} \right) \left[\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right) r_1-x_1 K_1-x_2 x_m \right]+K_1 \left[\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right) \left(x_m+x_1 \right) + r_1 K_1 \right] \right\} }{\left[\left( \frac{r_2}{s} \right) r_1-x_1 K_1-x_2 x_m \right]^2+\left[\left( \frac{r_2}{s} \right)(x_m+x_1 )+r_1 K_1 \right]^2}\\ Q = \frac{-V^2 \left\{ K_1 \left[\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right) r_1-x_1 K_1-x_2 x_m \right]- \left( \frac{r_2}{s} \right) \left[\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right) \left(x_m+x_1 \right) + r_1 K_1 \right] \right\} }{\left[\left( \frac{r_2}{s} \right) r_1-x_1 K_1-x_2 x_m \right]^2+\left[\left( \frac{r_2}{s} \right)(x_m+x_1 )+r_1 K_1 \right]^2}\\ ~\\ K_1=x_2+x_m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.884028em;vertical-align:-1.2940180000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.59001em"><span style="top:-2.11em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.054008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.054008em"><span style="top:-3.3029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.054008em"><span style="top:-3.3029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.284008em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.054008em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.7940180000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.054008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">{</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">}</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.2940180000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.884028em;vertical-align:-1.2940180000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.59001em"><span style="top:-2.11em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.054008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.054008em"><span style="top:-3.3029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.054008em"><span style="top:-3.3029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.284008em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.054008em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.7940180000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.054008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">{</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">}</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.2940180000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.73333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Como pode ser observado nas equações acima, existem quatro variáveis e somente duas equações. Na prática, as variáveis podem ser reduzidas a três, uma vez que o módulo da tensão (V) é obtido nos resultados do <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de potência</a>. Para resolver as equações é necessário definir uma variável adicional. A variável escolhida como fixa no PSP-UFU é a potência ativa (P), por fornecer resultados numericamente corretos e adequados para motores em situações de estabilidade.</p><p>Portanto, nesse modelo estático, a potência ativa é mantida constante durante o cálculo do fluxo de carga e o escorregamento (s) é atualizado em cada iteração. A equação da potência ativa pode ser reescrita em relação ao escorregamento:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>A</mi><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right)^2 A + \left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right) B + C = 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.040008em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1075599999999999em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3540079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.6029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.8359999999999999em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1075599999999999em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em">B</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">C</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>P</mi><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msubsup><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>P</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>P</mi><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mn>2</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mn>4</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A = P \left( r_1^2 + K_3^2 \right) - V^2 r_1\\ B = 2P(r_1 K_2 + K_3 K_4) - V^2 \left(K_2 + K_1 K_3 \right)\\ C = P \left( K_2^2 + K_4^2 \right) - V^2 K_1 K_4\\ K_2 = -x_1 K_1 -x_2 x_m\\ K_3 = x_m + x_1\\ K_4 = r_1 K_1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.2141179999999998em;vertical-align:-0.35001em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0141079999999998em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em">B</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">C</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.2141179999999998em;vertical-align:-0.35001em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0141079999999998em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.73333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Esse modelo pode ser inserido na solução do <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a> seguindo os seguintes passos:</p><ol><li>As constantes <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> a <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_4</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são inicialmente calculadas . Esses valores são mantidos constantes durante toda a solução;</li><li>Em cada iteração são calculados os coeficientes <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em">B</span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">C</span></span></span></span></span> utilizando o valor atualizado de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span></span></span>;</li><li>A equação quadrática é resolvida e dois valores de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.20001em;vertical-align:-0.35001em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são obtidos, em que o maior deles é escolhido por estar na região estável da característica toque-escorregamento do motor;</li><li>Utilizando o novo valor de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left(\frac{r_2}{s} \right)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.20001em;vertical-align:-0.35001em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7114919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.4101em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, a potência reativa (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span></span></span></span></span>) é obtida. O vetor de potências é então atualizado e os procedimentos convencionais de solução do fluxo de potência são realizados.</li></ol><p>Os passos de 2 a 4 são repetidos até que se obtenha a convergência.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>No PSP-UFU, os motores de indução não são considerados no cálculo de curto-circuito.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"></a>Motor de indução trifásico no estudo de estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Uma importante carga dinâmica são os motores de indução, uma vez que correspondem a uma parcela significativa das cargas presentes no sistema elétrico. O <a href="/PSP/docs/indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga">modelo da máquina de indução apresentado anteriormente</a>, a qual pode ser utilizada tanto como motor quanto como gerador, é bem estabelecida na literatura.</p><p>Como descrito na <a href="/PSP/docs/indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga">seção anterior</a>, a inicialização dessa máquina é realizada em conjunto com o fluxo de potência, visto que a potência reativa exigida pela máquina de indução é dependente dos parâmetros do motor, assim como a tensão do seu barramento. Essa abordagem é necessária, pois métodos convencionais conduzem a resultados errôneos em sistemas altamente carregados.</p><p>É necessário expressar a equação de movimento da máquina de indução em termos de torque e não potência, como é realizado com as máquinas síncronas. A simetria do rotor também faz com que a posição angular não seja importante e o escorregamento (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span></span></span>) é utilizado no lugar da velocidade (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span></span></span></span></span>), em que:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>ω</mi></mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">s = frac{\Omega_0 - \omega}{\Omega_0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault">c</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Desprezando as perdas por atrito e ventilação e a potência no eixo suave, as equações mecânicas do motor são expressas da seguinte forma:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo fence="true">{</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>E</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mo>∗</mo></msup><mo fence="true">}</mo></mrow></mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_m = A -Bs + Cs^2\\ T_e = \frac{Re\left\{ \dot{E}\dot{I}^* \right\}}{\Omega_b}\\ \frac{ds}{dt} = \frac{\left( T_m - T_e \right)}{2H}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em">B</span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:3.02602em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.19002em"><span style="top:-2.464em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.38em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-4.1900200000000005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.00773em">R</span><span class="mord mathdefault">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">{</span></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.055550000000000016em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.688696em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">∗</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">}</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.113em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.427em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em">H</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que:</p><ul><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é o torque mecânico;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_e</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é o torque elétrico;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em">H</span></span></span></span></span> é a inércia do conjunto motor - carga mecânica</li></ul><p>Os termos <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em">B</span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">C</span></span></span></span></span> são termos que definem o comportamento do torque mecânico da carga de acordo com o escorregamento. O torque mecânico normalmente varia com a <strong>velocidade</strong>, podendo ser expressa proporcionalmente com a seguinte equação quadrática:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>∝</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>ω</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><msup><mi>ω</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_m \propto a + b\omega + c\omega^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">∝</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.77777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">c</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">{</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.3599999999999999em" columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>∝</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>∝</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>∝</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{cases} A \propto a + b + c \\ B \propto b + 2c \\ C \propto c \end{cases}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.32em;vertical-align:-1.9099999999999997em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.35002em"><span style="top:-2.19999em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎩</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.19499em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.20499em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.15001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎨</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.2950099999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.30501em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.60002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎧</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8500199999999998em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.41em"><span style="top:-4.41em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">∝</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">c</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.97em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em">B</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">∝</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathdefault">c</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.5300000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.008em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">C</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">∝</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">c</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.9099999999999997em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>As equações elétricas do motor de indução de gaiola simples são baseadas no circuito equivalente da <a href="/PSP/docs/indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga">figura anterior</a>. De forma semelhante ao modelo transitório da máquina síncrona, o motor de indução pode ser modelado pelo circuito equivalente de Thevenin de tensão transitória <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E'</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.751892em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> atrás de uma resistência do estator <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r_1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e uma reatância transitória <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x'</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.751892em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>. A reatância transitória aparente de rotor bloqueado é dada por:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x' = x_1 + \frac{x_2 x_m}{x_2 + x_m}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.801892em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.73333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.94356em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1075599999999999em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>A constante de tempo de circuito aberto do rotor (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mn>0</mn><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_0'</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.24810799999999997em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4518920000000004em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24810799999999997em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) é:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mn>0</mn><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_0' = \frac{x_2 + x_m}{\Omega_b r_2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.09633em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.2603300000000002em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>E a reatância de circuito aberto é:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_0 = x_1 + x_m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.73333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Uma vez que as reatâncias não são afetadas pela posição do rotor, as EADs do motor de indução podem ser expressar diretamente por componentes reais (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span></span>) e imaginárias (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span></span>). Portanto, a descrição completa desse modelo é representada pelo seguinte sistema de equações algébrico-diferenciais:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>r</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>m</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>r</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><mi>s</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>m</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mrow><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>r</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mn>0</mn><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>m</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><mi>s</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>r</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mrow><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>m</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mi>i</mi><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mn>0</mn><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_r - E_r' = r_1 I_r - x' I_m\\ V_m - E_m' = r_1 I_m - x' I_m\\ \frac{dE_r'}{dt} = \Omega_b s E_m' - \frac{E_r' + \left( x_0 - x' \right) I_m}{T_0'}\\ \frac{dE_m'}{dt} = \Omega_b s E_r' - \frac{E_m' i \left( x_0 - x' \right) I_r}{T_0'}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9518920000000001em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9518920000000001em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.114892em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.428892em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.3811999999999998em;vertical-align:-0.9523079999999999em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.428892em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.26630799999999993em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9523079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.114892em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.428892em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.3811999999999998em;vertical-align:-0.9523079999999999em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.428892em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.26630799999999993em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9523079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos"></a>Formulário de edição dos geradores síncronos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos motores de indução:</p><img src="/PSP/images/indMotorForm.png" alt="Formulário dos motores de indução no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos motores de indução no PSP-UFU"><p>No formulário pode ser observado o botão "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do motor durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/indMotorSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do motores de indução" title="Formulário de chaveamento do motores de indução"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-nominal"></a>Potência nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potência nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA.</p><p>Esse campo é especialmente importante caso a opção "Utilizar a potência nominal como base" esteja marcada.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-ativa-e-reativa"></a>Potências ativa e reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-ativa-e-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potências ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>) do motor.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso a opção “Calcular a potência reativa no fluxo de carga” esteja ativada, o campo de potência reativa é desativado para edição.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="calcular-a-potência-reativa-no-fluxo-de-carga"></a>Calcular a potência reativa no fluxo de carga<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#calcular-a-potência-reativa-no-fluxo-de-carga" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar os dados fornecidos no formulário de estabilidade para calcular a potência reativa do motor durante o processo iterativo do fluxo de carga.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso essa opção não seja utilizada o motor será considerado uma <a href="/PSP/docs/load">carga de potência constante</a> no estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a>.</p><p>A não utilização dessa opção poderá gerar erros de regime permamente no estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p></div></div><p>Utilizar potência nominal como base +Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal do gerador como base para a conversão das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formulário de estabilidade, caso contrário será usada a potência base do sistema.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="estabilidade"></a>Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="imprimir-dados-da-máquina-de-indução"></a>Imprimir dados da máquina de indução<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-dados-da-máquina-de-indução" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Exibe os dados do gerador síncrono nos gráficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados são exibidos:</p><ul><li>tensão terminal</li><li>potências ativa e reativas</li><li>corrente, torque elétrico</li><li>torque mecânico</li><li>velocidade</li><li>escorregamento</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="inércia"></a>Inércia<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#inércia" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Inércia do conjunto motor-carga, em s.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="resistência-e-reatância-do-estator"></a>Resistência e reatância do estator<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#resistência-e-reatância-do-estator" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Resistência e reatância do estator do motor de indução, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="resistência-e-reatância-do-rotor"></a>Resistência e reatância do rotor<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#resistência-e-reatância-do-rotor" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Resistência e reatância do rotor do motor de indução, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatância-de-magnetização"></a>Reatância de magnetização<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatância-de-magnetização" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Reatância do ramo de magnetização do motor de indução, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-fator-de-gaiola"></a>Utilizar fator de gaiola<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-fator-de-gaiola" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Permite a inserção de um fator de gaiola (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_g</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) no motor de indução. Tal fator eleva o valor da resistência do rotor em condições de grande escorregamento, como ocorre em motores de gaiola dupla ou gaiola profunda. A resistência do rotor segue a seguinte equação:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><msub><mn>2</mn><mn>0</mn></msub></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>g</mi></msub><mi>s</mi><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r_2 = r_{2_0} \left( 1+K_g s \right)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que:</p><ul><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><msub><mn>2</mn><mn>0</mn></msub></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r_{2_0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68066em;vertical-align:-0.2501em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a resistência do rotor inserida no formulário.</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="característica-da-carga"></a>Característica da carga<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#característica-da-carga" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Descreve a característica do torque da carga mecânica no eixo do motor seguindo a equação do torque mecânico.</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>∝</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">b</mi><mi>ω</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">c</mi><msup><mi>ω</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_m \propto \bold{a} + \bold{b}\omega + \bold{c}\omega^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">∝</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">a</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.77777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">b</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">c</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A soma dos coeficientes (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">a + b + c</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.77777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">c</span></span></span></span></span>) deve ser unitária.</p></div></div><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-chaveamento"></a>Botão Chaveamento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-chaveamento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Chaveamento" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do gerador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="referências"></a>Referências<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#referências" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><ol><li>SÁNCHEZ, J. C.; OLIVARES, T. I. A.; ORTIZ, G. R.; VEGA, D. R. Induction Motor Static Models for Power Flow and Voltage Stability Studies. In: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012, San Diego. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345618">https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345618</a></li><li>IEEE Std 399-1997. IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (Brown Book). IEEE, New York, ago. 1998. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.1998.88568">https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.1998.88568</a></li><li>MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6</a></li><li>ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286</a></li></ol></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/indMotor.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Compensador Síncrono</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Editor de Controle »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Motor de indução trifásico no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-cálculo-do-fluxo-de-carga" class="table-of-contents__link">Motor de indução trifásico no cálculo do fluxo de carga</a></li><li><a href="#motor-de-indução-trifásico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Motor de indução trifásico no estudo de estabilidade</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos geradores síncronos</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Estabilidade</a></li><li><a href="#botão-chaveamento" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Chaveamento</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#referências" class="table-of-contents__link">Referências</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">Capacitor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/inductor">Indutor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmSource">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">Gerador Síncrono</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor">Compensador Síncrono</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/indMotor">Motor de Indução</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!">Editor de Elementos de Controle</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">Editor de Controle</a></li><li class="menu__list-item 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class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">PSP-UFU</h1></header><div class="markdown"><div class="admonition admonition-important alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>important</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>This user guide was written in Brazilian Portuguese. If you want to help me translate this guide, contact-me on <a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub</a> or <a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>.</p></div></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="sobre-o-psp-ufu"></a>Sobre o PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#sobre-o-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>O PSP-UFU (Plataforma de Sistemas de Potência da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia) é um software <strong>multi-plataforma</strong>, <strong>multilíngue</strong>, <strong>livre e de código aberto (FOSS)</strong> com <strong>recursos avançados de GUI (<em>Graphical User Interface</em>)</strong> e <strong>ferramentas CAD (<em>Computer Aided Design</em>)</strong> para estudos de sistemas elétricos de potência.</p><p>O software permite a construção de qualquer rede de transmissão elétrica e sistemas de controle através da inserção de elementos visuais. Para a visualização dos resultados, o programa oferece <strong>elementos de texto vinculados</strong> na tela principal e também <strong>editores de tabelas e gráficos</strong>.</p><p>O PSP-UFU tem como objetivo fornecer ferramentas eficientes de simulação para fins de <strong>pesquisa</strong> e <strong>educação</strong>, além de <strong>aplicações industriais</strong> em sistemas elétricos de potência.</p><p>Resumidamente, o <em>software</em> pode executar os seguintes estudos:</p><ul><li>Fluxo de potência</li><li>Cálculo de curto-circuito</li><li>Harmônicos</li><li>Estabilidade transitória e dinâmica</li></ul><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="publicações"></a>Publicações<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#publicações" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Os artigos abaixo possuem maiores detalhes a respeito do PSP-UFU:</p><blockquote><p>Oliveira, T. L., Guimarães, G. C., & Silva, L. R. C. (2019). PSP-UFU: An open-source, graphical, and multiplatform software for power system studies. <em>International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems</em>, e12185. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12185">10.1002/2050-7038.12185</a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p>Oliveira, T. L., Guimarães, G. C., Silva, L. R., & Rezende, J. O. (2019). Power system education and research applications using free and open-source, graphical and multiplatform PSP-UFU software. <em>The International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education</em>, 0020720919879058. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720919879058" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1177/0020720919879058</a></p></blockquote><p>A Tese de Doutorado abaixo detalha em profundidade os cálculos envolvidos, arquitetura de software e ferramentas implementadas no PSP-UFU:</p><blockquote><p>Oliveira, T. L. (2019). Desenvolvimento de um programa computacional livre, gráfico, e multiplataforma para analisar sistemas elétricos de potência em regime permanente e dinâmico. doi: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.te.2019.2444">10.14393/ufu.te.2019.2444</a></p></blockquote><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="contribuindo-com-o-projeto"></a>Contribuindo com o projeto<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#contribuindo-com-o-projeto" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Se você está interessado em contribuir com o PSP-UFU de alguma forma (desenvolvimento, críticas, sugestões, etc.), entre em contato pelo <a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub</a> ou <a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="desenvolvedores"></a>Desenvolvedor<del>es</del><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#desenvolvedores" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Thales Lima Oliveira</a></p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/aboutPSP.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/installation"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Instalação »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#sobre-o-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Sobre o PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#publicações" class="table-of-contents__link">Publicações</a></li><li><a href="#contribuindo-com-o-projeto" class="table-of-contents__link">Contribuindo com o projeto</a></li><li><a href="#desenvolvedores" class="table-of-contents__link">Desenvolvedor<del>es</del></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/stability">Estabilidade</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Indutor</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="capacitor-no-psp-ufu"></a>Capacitor no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#capacitor-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><blockquote><p>Um reator destinado à conexão de derivação em uma rede para compensar a corrente capacitiva. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=421-01-03" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="indutor-no-psp-ufu"></a>Indutor no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#indutor-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>O elemento indutor (ou reator) representa, geralmente, reator <em>shunt</em> no circuito do PSP-UFU.</p><p>Os capacitores e reatores exigem somente sua potência reativa como parâmetro. Esses elementos passivos são somente inseridos na matriz admitância cuja impedância é calculada a partir de sua potência e tensão nominais.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-indutores"></a>Formulário de edição dos indutores<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-indutores" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos indutores:</p><img src="/PSP/images/indForm.png" alt="Formulário dos indutores no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos indutores no PSP-UFU"><p>Além do único contexto geral, pode ser observado o botão "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do indutor durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/indSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do indutor" title="Formulário de chaveamento do indutor"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-reativa"></a>Potência reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Os capacitores e reatores exigem somente sua potência reativa como parâmetro, inserida em Mvar, kvar, var ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> (na base de potência do sistema). </p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Estabilidade" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do indutor durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/inductor.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/capacitor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Capacitor</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/harmSource"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#capacitor-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Capacitor no PSP-UFU</a></li><li><a href="#indutor-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Indutor no PSP-UFU</a></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-indutores" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos indutores</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="docPage_1kjD"><div class="docSidebarContainer_1cYp" role="complementary"><div class="sidebar_1kLs"><div class="menu menu--responsive menu_w2sC"><button aria-label="Open Menu" aria-haspopup="true" class="button button--secondary button--sm menu__button" type="button"><svg aria-label="Menu" class="sidebarMenuIcon_2vk4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 32 32" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--active" href="#!">Introdução</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link menu__link--active active" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/installation">Instalação</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen">Tela Principal</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/cadTools">Ferramentas CAD</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!">Editor de Elementos de Potência</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/powerEditor">Editor de Potência</a></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!" tabindex="-1">Elementos de Potência</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/bus">Barramento</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/line">Linha</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/transformer">Transformador</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/load">Carga</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">Capacitor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" 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class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/io">Entrada / Saída</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/transferFunction">Função Transferência</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!">Simulações</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Fluxo de Potência</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/fault">Curto-Circuito</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">Harmônicos</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/stability">Estabilidade</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Instalação</h1></header><div class="markdown"><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="download"></a>Download<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#download" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>O download do PSP-UFU pode ser realizado pelo <a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">"<em>last release</em>" do repositório do PSP-UFU no GitHub</a>.</p><p>Ao acessar ao link, role a página até encontrar os <em>Assets</em>:</p><img src="/PSP/images/download.png" alt="Assets download" title="Informações da Figura"><p>Como o PSP-UFU é um <em>software</em> multiplataforma, você deve baixar o arquivo correto:</p><ul><li>Para o sistema operacional <a href="/PSP/docs/installation#windows">Windows</a> baixe os arquivos <em>.exe</em> (recomendado) ou <em>.zip</em>.</li><li>Para os sistemas <a href="/PSP/docs/installation#linux">Linux</a> baseados no Debian (por exemplo, Ubuntu, Mint) <em>64 bits</em> baixe o pacote de instalação <em>.deb</em>.</li></ul><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Se você está interessado em contribuir com o PSP-UFU construindo-o para outros sistemas operacionais (principalmente macOS!) entre em contato pelo <a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub</a> ou <a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>.</p></div></div><p>Na sequência são apresentados o passo-a-passo para instalação dos SOs <a href="/PSP/docs/installation#windows">Windows</a> e <a href="/PSP/docs/installation#linux">Linux</a>. Também são apresentadas as soluções para os erros mais recorrentes.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="windows"></a>Windows<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#windows" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Após baixar o arquivo <em>.exe</em> avance em cada passo do instalador. O executável irá solicitar automaticamente a instalação do <strong>Microsoft Visual C++ Redistribuível</strong> e, caso não esteja instalado no seu computador, realize os procedimentos do programa.</p><p>Caso o executável falhe em abrir, baixe o arquivo <em>.zip</em> e descompacte em alguma pasta do seu sistema. Nesse caso é necessário baixar e instalar manualmente o <a href="https://aka.ms/vs/16/release/vc_redist.x86.exe"><strong>Microsoft Visual C++ Redistribuível 32 bits</strong></a>.</p><p>Após a conclusão da instalação abra o PSP-UFU para verificar a correta instalação. O executável está presente na pasta "<em><local de instalação>/PSP-UFU/bin/PSP-UFU.exe</em>".</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="problemas-recorrentes-no-windows"></a>Problemas recorrentes no Windows<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#problemas-recorrentes-no-windows" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><ul><li>Ao baixar o navegador pode <strong>falsamente</strong> sinalizar que é um arquivo perigoso, basta clicar em "Manter arquivo";</li><li>Ao abrir o instalador, novamente o Windows sinaliza que o arquivo é perigoso, basta clicar em "Executar assim mesmo";</li><li>Ao abrir o programa e alterar o seu idioma, uma mensagem de erro é exibida. Para resolver esse problema basta executar o PSP-UFU como administrador (clicar com botão direito no atalho do programa e posteriormente em executar como administrador). Altere novamente o idioma e reinicie o programa;</li><li>Ao criar um novo projeto a tela de trabalho não é exibida ou é exibida uma tela preta. Vá nas opções gerais e altere o renderizador para "Device Context". Caso apareça uma mensagem de erro, execute o programa como administrador e repita o processo. Reinicie o programa.</li></ul><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="linux"></a>Linux<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#linux" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A instalação no sistema Linux é facilmente realizado pelo pacote de instalação automático <em>.deb</em>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Note que essa versão para Linux está defasada e algumas funcionalidades do programa podem não estar presentes.</p><p>Caso queira contribuir com o projeto e construir a versão atual no sistema Linux baseado em Debian ou em outras distribuições entre em contato pelo <a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub</a> ou <a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="problemas-recorrentes-no-linux"></a>Problemas recorrentes no Linux<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#problemas-recorrentes-no-linux" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Pode ser necessário adicionar o <a href="https://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Compiling_and_getting_started#Running_wxWidgets_projects" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">diretório das bibliotecas do wxWidgets</a> nas variáveis de ambiente. Para isso, siga <strong>UM</strong> dos métodos apresentados abaixo:</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="método-i-recomendado"></a><em>Método I (recomendado)</em><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#método-i-recomendado" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Insira o seguinte comando no arquivo <strong>~/.bashrc</strong>:</p><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">echo</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=</span><span class="token string variable" style="color:rgb(191, 199, 213)">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(195, 232, 141)">:/usr/local/lib"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">>></span><span class="token plain"> ~/.bashrc</span></div></div></div></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="método-ii-não-recomendado"></a><em>Método II (não recomendado)</em><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#método-ii-não-recomendado" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Utilizando esse método os passos abaixo devem ser executados <strong>todas as vezes</strong> que você quiser abrir o PSP-UFU.</p></div></div><ol><li>Abra o terminal e acesse o diretório onde está instalado o PSP-UFU:</li></ol><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">cd</span><span class="token plain"> /usr/local/bin</span></div></div></div></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Insira as bibliotecas compartilhadas do wxWidgets nas variáveis de ambiente:</li></ol><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token builtin class-name" style="color:rgb(255, 203, 107)">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:rgb(191, 199, 213)">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(137, 221, 255)">=</span><span class="token variable" style="color:rgb(191, 199, 213)">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span><span class="token plain">:/usr/local/lib</span></div></div></div></div></div><ol start="3"><li>Então, execute o PSP-UFU na <strong>mesma seção</strong> do terminal:</li></ol><div class="mdxCodeBlock_iHAB"><div class="codeBlockContent_32p_"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_1BYj">Copy</button><div tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_19pQ"><div class="codeBlockLines_2n9r" style="color:#bfc7d5;background-color:#292d3e"><div class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">./PSP-UFU</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Verifique se o computador possui as unidades de vídeo instaladas corretamente, caso contrário, o programa não exibirá a área de trabalho para criar e editar diagramas de linha única ou diagramas de blocos de controle.</p></div></div></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/installation.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav 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Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/docs/io/index.html b/docs/docs/io/index.html index 7d6712a..068431f 100644 --- a/docs/docs/io/index.html +++ b/docs/docs/io/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Entrada / Saída | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Entrada / Saída | 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class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Linha</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Um meio de transmissão fabricado usado para transmitir energia eletromagnética entre dois pontos com um mínimo de radiação. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=704-02-02" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="linha-no-psp-ufu"></a>Linha no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#linha-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>As linhas no PSP-UFU são modelos <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">π</span></span></span></span></span> equilibradas. Podem ser utilizadas como linhas de transmissão e distribuição de sistemas elétricos de potência.</p><p>A figura abaixo mostra o modelo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">π</span></span></span></span></span> implementado no PSP-UFU:</p><img src="/PSP/images/lineModel.svg" alt="Modelo PI da linha" title="Modelo PI da linha"><p>Em que:</p><ul><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{r_L}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.59444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33027699999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a resistência da linha;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{x_L}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.59444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33027699999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a reatância indutiva da linha;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi mathvariant="bold">b</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">L</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">d</mi></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{b_{L}^{d}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.126385em;vertical-align:-0.277277em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.849108em"><span style="top:-2.4227230000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">d</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.277277em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a susceptância capacitiva <em>shunt</em> da linha.</li></ul><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O modelo utilizado no PSP-UFU é <strong>equilibrado</strong> e <strong>não possui impedâncias mútuas</strong> entre as fases.</p></div></div><p>A linha pode ser inseridas com pontos de ancoragem, ou "nós", para maior personalização gráfica do elemento, como apresentado nas <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#linha">Ferramentas CAD</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A linha deve ser inserida entre duas barras de <strong>mesma tensão nominal</strong>. Caso você tente inseri-la entre barras de tensão diferentes, uma mensagem de erro será exibida.</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Um arranjo série de uma <a href="/PSP/docs/line">linha</a> sem as susceptâncias <em>shunt</em>, um <a href="/PSP/docs/bus">barramento</a> e um <a href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">capacitor</a> pode ser utilizado para fabricar um filtro passivo nos <a href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">estudos harmônicos</a>. Em versões futuras, um elemento de filtro passivo será implementado no PSP-UFU.</p></div></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-das-linhas"></a>Formulário de edição das linhas<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-das-linhas" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados das linhas de transmissão:</p><img src="/PSP/images/lineForm.png" alt="Formulário das linhas no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário das linhas no PSP-UFU"><p>Esse formulário é subdividido em dois contextos distintos:</p><ul><li><strong>Geral</strong>: no qual são inseridas informações gerais da linha e informações do fluxo de carga;</li><li><strong>Falta</strong>: local onde as impedâncias de sequência zero são inseridas.</li></ul><div class="admonition admonition-note alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>Nota</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Os parâmetros necessários para construção da linha segundo seu modelo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">π</span></span></span></span></span> são inseridos na aba Geral, utilizados para construção da matriz admitância de sequência positiva e negativa.</p><p>Dados adicionais de impedâncias de sequência zero necessário para o cálculo de curtos-circuitos desbalanceados são editados na aba Falta, utilizados na construção da matriz admitância de sequência zero.</p></div></div><p>Além desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o botão "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção da linha durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/lineSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento da linha" title="Formulário de chaveamento da linha"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-nominal"></a>Tensão nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Campo de informação <em>não editável</em> que apresenta a tensão nominal da linha. Para alterar esse campo é necessário editar o campo correspondente do <a href="/PSP/docs/bus#geral">barramento</a> conectado.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-nominal"></a>Potência nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potência nominal da linha, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA.</p><p>Esse campo é especialmente importante caso a opção "Utilizar a potência nominal como base" esteja marcada.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="parâmetros-do-modelo-pi"></a>Parâmetros do modelo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">π</span></span></span></span></span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#parâmetros-do-modelo-pi" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Resistência (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r_L</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), Reatância indutiva (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_L</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) série e Susceptância capacitiva shunt <strong>total</strong> (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>2</mn><msubsup><mi>b</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>d</mi></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2b_{L}^{d}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.124439em;vertical-align:-0.275331em"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.849108em"><span style="top:-2.424669em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.275331em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) presentes no modelo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">π</span></span></span></span></span> da linha.</p><p>Esses parâmetros são inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span> ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega/km</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span></span> (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">S</span></span></span></span></span> ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S/km</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">S</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span></span> para <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>b</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>d</mi></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">b_{L}^{d}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.124439em;vertical-align:-0.275331em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.849108em"><span style="top:-2.424669em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.275331em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="comprimento-da-linha"></a>Comprimento da linha<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#comprimento-da-linha" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Utilizado para calcular o valor dos parâmetros da linha inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega/km</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span></span> (ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S/km</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">S</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span></span>).</p><div class="admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>Informação</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O comprimento da linha é ignorado caso não sejam utilizadas as unidades por quilometro.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base"></a>Utilizar potência nominal como base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal da linha como base para a conversão das unidades, caso contrário será usada a <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">potência base do sistema</a>.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="parâmetros-do-modelo-pi-de-sequência-zero"></a>Parâmetros do modelo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">π</span></span></span></span></span> de sequência zero<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#parâmetros-do-modelo-pi-de-sequência-zero" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Esses parâmetros são necessários para o correto cálculo das correntes de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">falta desbalanceadas</a> (fase-fase, fase-fase-terra e fase-terra) e devem ser inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A não inserção desses dados acarretarão em resultados incorretos para <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">faltas desbalanceadas</a>.</p></div></div><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Estabilidade" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção da linha durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/line.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/bus"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Barramento</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/transformer"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Transformador »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#linha-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Linha no PSP-UFU</a></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-das-linhas" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição das linhas</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#falta" class="table-of-contents__link">Falta</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Carga</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><ol><li>a potência ativa, reativa ou aparente gerada, transmitida ou distribuída dentro de um sistema;</li><li>a potência demandada por um grupo de consumidores classificados de acordo com suas particularidades e características, por exemplo, carga de aquecimento, carga reativa diurna, etc. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-15" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</li></ol></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="carga-no-psp-ufu"></a>Carga no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#carga-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>As cargas são os elementos de potência consumidores de potência genéricos. Nos estudos de fluxo de carga é possível modelar a carga como <strong>potência ou impedância constante</strong> e em estabilidade pode-se compor a carga na proporção desejada em três tipos (<strong>carga ZIP</strong>): potência constante, impedância constante e corrente constante.</p><p>As cargas de potência constante nos estudos de fluxo de carga são inseridos no vetor de potências e permanecem fixos durante toda a simulação.</p><p>Os elementos shunt, como reatores, banco de capacitores e cargas de impedância constante, são representados simplesmente por suas admitâncias em derivação. Como os parâmetros de entrada geralmente se constituem de suas potências ativa (P) e reativa (Q) nominais (no caso de reatores e capacitores, P=0), deve-se, portanto, encontrar sua admitância com a equação abaixo para inseri-la na matriz admitância:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{y} = \frac{P-jQ}{\dot{V}^2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.825em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.17052em;vertical-align:-0.8101900000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3603299999999998em"><span style="top:-2.18981em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8101900000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Para os estudos de <strong>curto-circuito</strong> e <strong>harmônicos</strong> as cargas são modeladas como impedância constante, independentemente da sinalização indicada em seu formulário de edição de dados.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"></a>Carga no estudo de estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A modelagem das cargas do sistema de forma exata se torna impraticável em um problemas de estabilidade, visto à grande quantidade e variedade dos componentes envolvidos, além de apresentar modificações em suas composições causado por vários fatores, como tempo, condições climáticas e economia. Portanto várias aproximações devem ser utilizadas na formulação de um modelo de carga nos estudos aqui postos.</p><p>Uma forma interessante de se representar cargas dependentes da tensão são as cargas ZIP, as quais são funções quadráticas, possuindo três parcelas: impedância constante (Z), corrente constante (I) e potência constante (P). As potências ativa e reativa são obtidas pelas seguintes equações:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_L=P_{Z0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_{i0}} \right)^2+P_{I0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_i0} \right)+P_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.604038em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6540080000000001em"><span style="top:-3.9029000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.40003em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_L=Q_{Z0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_{i0}} \right)^2+Q_{I0} \left(\frac{V_i}{V_i0} \right)+Q_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.604038em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6540080000000001em"><span style="top:-3.9029000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.40003em;vertical-align:-0.95003em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que:</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_L</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_L</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as potências ativa e reativa da carga ZIP, respectivamente, conectadas em uma barra genérica i;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a tensão atual de uma barra genérica i;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_{i0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a tensão inicial de uma barra genérica i, obtida do estudo de fluxo de carga;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{Z0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{Z0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as parcelas de impedância constante para potências ativa e reativa, respectivamente;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{I0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{I0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as parcelas de corrente constante para potências ativa e reativa, respectivamente;</p><p><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{P0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> são as parcelas de potência constante para potências ativa e reativa, respectivamente.</p><p>Os valores das parcelas de potência da carga ZIP são obtidos utilizando as potências da carga após a convergência do cálculo do fluxo de carga (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{L0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, para a potência ativa e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_{L0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, para a potência reativa), utilizando as seguintes expressões:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">{</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.3599999999999999em" columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac><mfrac><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac><mfrac><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{cases} P_{Z0}=\displaystyle \frac{k_{PZ}}{100} \frac{P_{L0}}{V_{i0}^2}\\ P_{I0}=\displaystyle \frac{k_{PI}}{100} \frac{P_{L0}}{V_{i0}}\\ P_{P0}=\displaystyle \frac{k_{PP}}{100} P_{L0} \end{cases}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:6.60004em;vertical-align:-3.05002em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.5500200000000004em"><span style="top:-0.9999899999999999em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎩</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.99499em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2899900000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.5849900000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.8799900000000005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.1749900000000006em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2049900000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1500100000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎨</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.29501em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.59001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.885010000000001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.180010000000001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.475010000000001em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.50501em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎪</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.80002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.15em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎧</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.05002em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.5495919999999996em"><span style="top:-5.549592em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3714399999999998em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7959080000000001em"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9628639999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.215288em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3714399999999998em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.007848em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3714399999999998em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">L</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.0495919999999996em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Os valores de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{PZ}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{PI}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{PP}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> representam a composição em impedância, corrente e potência constantes, respectivamente, da parcela ativa da carga, os quais são inseridos pelo usuário na forma de porcentagem, sendo a soma desses três valores necessariamente igual a 100%. Os parâmetros <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{QZ}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.328331em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">Q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">Z</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{QI}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.328331em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">Q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k_{QP}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.328331em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">Q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> podem ser interpretados de forma análoga, porém compõe a parcela reativa da carga.</p><p>O comportamento das potências, retiradas de simulações no PSP-UFU, de cada parcela que compõe a carga ZIP são evidenciadas na figura abaixo.</p><img src="/PSP/images/loadModel.svg" alt="Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tensão x Potência; (b) Curva de Tensão x Corrente" title="Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tensão x Potência; (b) Curva de Tensão x Corrente"><p>Cargas de corrente e potência constantes possuem problemas em tensões muito baixas. À medida que a tensão diminui as correntes dessas cargas não reduz, como pode ser observado na figura acima, resultando em perda de precisão e problemas na convergência de processos iterativos. Para contornar esse problema utiliza-se uma tensão pré-definida pelo usuário (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">V_{low}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02691em">w</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), a qual as cargas (ou parcelas) de corrente e potência constantes são modeladas como impedância constante, resultando no comportamento de potência e corrente apresentados na figura acima.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-das-cargas"></a>Formulário de edição das cargas<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-das-cargas" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados das cargas:</p><img src="/PSP/images/loadForm.png" alt="Formulário das cargas no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário das cargas no PSP-UFU"><p>Esse formulário é subdividido em dois contextos distintos:</p><ul><li><strong>Geral</strong>: no qual são inseridas informações gerais das cargas, informações e o tipo de carga no fluxo de carga;</li><li><strong>Estabilidade</strong>: contendo opções de visualização de dados da carga em gráficos no tempo e opções de parametrização da carga ZIP.</li></ul><p>Além desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o botão "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção da carga durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/loadSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento da carga" title="Formulário de chaveamento da carga"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-ativa"></a>Potência ativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-ativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parcela de potência ativa da carga. Pode ser inserido em MW, kW W ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> (na base do sistema).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-reativa"></a>Potência reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parcela de potência reativa da carga. Pode ser inserido em Mvar, kvar var ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> (na base do sistema).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tipo-de-carga-fluxo-de-carga"></a>Tipo de carga (fluxo de carga)<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tipo-de-carga-fluxo-de-carga" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Tipo da carga para o estudo de fluxo de carga, podendo ser selecionado dois tipos: Potência constante e Impedância constante. As cargas de potência constantes são inseridas nos vetores de potência e permanecem invariantes no cálculo, enquanto que para as cargas de impedância constante determina-se o valor da impedância utilizando a potência e tensão nominal, a qual é inserida na matriz admitância.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="estabilidade"></a>Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="imprimir-dados"></a>Imprimir dados<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-dados" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Exibe os dados da carga nos gráficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados são exibidos:</p><ul><li>módulo da tensão</li><li>corrente</li><li>potências ativa e reativa.</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-composição-de-carga-zip"></a>Utilizar composição de carga ZIP<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-composição-de-carga-zip" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Permite compor a carga ZIP para estudos de estabilidade. Caso essa opção não esteja selecionada é usada a composição global definida nas <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">configurações de simulação</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Por padrão, todas as cargas no PSP-UFU são definidas como impedância constante no estudo de estabilidade.</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso todas as barras possuírem o mesmo comportamento de carga ZIP, a parametrização poderá ser realizada nas <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">configurações de simulação</a> para todas as cargas, sem a necessidade de parametrização individual.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="composição-de-potência-ativa-e-reativa"></a>Composição de potência ativa e reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#composição-de-potência-ativa-e-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores da composição da carga ZIP, inseridas para potência ativa e reativa separadamente, em porcentagem. A soma da composição deve ser igual a 100%, caso contrário será exibida uma mensagem de erro ao usuário.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-chaveamento"></a>Botão Chaveamento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-chaveamento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Chaveamento" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/load.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/transformer"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Transformador</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/capacitor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Capacitor »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#carga-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Carga no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Carga no estudo de estabilidade</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-das-cargas" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição das cargas</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Estabilidade</a></li><li><a href="#botão-chaveamento" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Chaveamento</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/docs/mainScreen/index.html b/docs/docs/mainScreen/index.html index 0188980..2c6d37b 100644 --- a/docs/docs/mainScreen/index.html +++ b/docs/docs/mainScreen/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Tela Principal | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" 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class="sidebarMenuIcon_2vk4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 32 32" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--active" href="#!">Introdução</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/installation">Instalação</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link menu__link--active active" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen">Tela Principal</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/PSP/docs/cadTools">Ferramentas CAD</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item 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Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Tela Principal</h1></header><div class="markdown"><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="organização-da-tela-principal"></a>Organização da tela principal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#organização-da-tela-principal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A tela principal do PSP-UFU é dividida em três seções: <em><a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#menu-ribbon">Menu "Ribbon"</a></em>, <em><a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#%C3%A1rea-de-trabalho">Área de Trabalho</a></em> e <em><a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#barra-de-status">Barra de Status</a></em>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/mainScreen.svg" alt="Tela principal" title="Tela principal do PSP-UFU no Windows"><p>Resumidamente, no <strong>Menu Ribbon</strong> são acessadas as ferramentas do PSP-UFU; na <strong>Área de Trabalho</strong> são criados os diagramas unifilares de potência; e na <strong>Barra de Status</strong> são exibidas importantes informações acerca do estado da Área de Trabalho.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="menu-ribbon"></a>Menu Ribbon<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#menu-ribbon" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><blockquote><p>Em informática o ribbon (faixa, em inglês) é um formato de apresentação de interface baseada na GUI onde a barra de ferramentas é mostrada através de uma barra mais larga com icones maiores possibilitando o uso dos aplicativos por dispositivos <em>touch screen</em>. <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_(inform%C3%A1tica)" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wikipedia</a></p></blockquote><p>O menu Ribbon é composto de três submenus: “Arquivo”, “Ferramentas” e “Simulação”.</p><img src="/PSP/images/menuFile.png" alt="Menu Arquivo" title="Menu Arquivo"><p>Em <strong>Arquivo</strong> estão as ferramentas gerais do programa, as quais permitem ao usuário criar e salvar novos projetos, além daquelas que possibilitam carregar os projetos já existentes e importar arquivos de outros programas. Esse submenu também possui opções gerais do programa e acesso a informações sobre o programa.</p><img src="/PSP/images/menuTools.png" alt="Menu Ferramentas" title="Menu Ferramentas"><p>Em <strong>Ferramentas</strong> estão presentes os itens específicos, os quais estão relacionados à criação e manipulação da rede elétrica de potência, relatórios tabulares de saída de dados e acesso ao formulário de criação de gráficos no tempo. Algumas configurações específicas do projeto ativo são acessadas por esse menu.</p><img src="/PSP/images/menuSimulation.png" alt="Menu Simulação" title="Menu Simulação"><p>Finalmente, o submenu <strong>Simulação</strong> proporciona o acesso do usuário aos cálculos realizados pelo <em>software</em> e suas configurações, além da ferramenta de “solução contínua”, a qual resolve os cálculos estáticos (fluxo de potência, curto-circuito e harmônicos) após quaisquer mudanças na rede de potência, como remoção de componente ou alteração de seus dados. Todas as configurações de simulação do projeto ativo são acessadas por esse menu.</p><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="área-de-trabalho"></a>Área de Trabalho<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#área-de-trabalho" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Na área de trabalho estão presentes os projetos em execução, os quais são divididos por abas identificadas pelo nome do projeto (caso já esteja gravado no disco). É nessa área que são inseridos e excluídos os elementos elétricos, cujas ferramentas são acessadas por meio do <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#menu-ribbon">Menu Ribbon</a>.</p><p>As edições gráficas dos elementos, como posição, conexão e tamanho dos barramentos, são realizadas por meio da ação <em>drag-and-drop</em> (arrastar e soltar) com a utilização do mouse. A edição dos dados elétricos é feita por meio de formulários de dados acessados clicando duas vezes sobre os elementos.</p><img src="/PSP/images/workspace.png" alt="Área de Trabalho" title="Área de Trabalho"><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="barra-de-status"></a>Barra de Status<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#barra-de-status" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A barra de status é responsável por informações interessantes sobre as circunstâncias atuais do programa: modo de operação do mouse (editar, mover, arrastar), zoom aplicado e posição do mouse na área de trabalho, além de dados sobre as ações dos usuários, como: inserção de elementos, informação sobre copiar e colar, etc.</p><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p><strong>Sempre fique atendo à barra de status</strong>, pois são fornecidas informações importantes acerca da operação do programa. Caso tenha alguma dúvida siga as instruções apresentadas nesse componente.</p></div></div></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/mainScreen.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/installation"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Instalação</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/cadTools"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Ferramentas CAD »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#organização-da-tela-principal" class="table-of-contents__link">Organização da tela principal</a><ul><li><a href="#menu-ribbon" class="table-of-contents__link">Menu Ribbon</a></li><li><a href="#área-de-trabalho" class="table-of-contents__link">Área de Trabalho</a></li><li><a href="#barra-de-status" class="table-of-contents__link">Barra de Status</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/docs/mdx/index.html b/docs/docs/mdx/index.html index 04baeca..f1d7db5 100644 --- a/docs/docs/mdx/index.html +++ b/docs/docs/mdx/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Powered by MDX | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Powered by MDX | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="You can write JSX and use React components within your Markdown thanks to MDX."><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="You can write JSX and use React components within your Markdown thanks to MDX."><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/docs/mdx"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/docs/mdx"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" 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class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> <script src="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js"></script> -<script src="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js"></script> +<script src="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js"></script> <script src="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js"></script> diff --git a/docs/docs/powerEditor/index.html b/docs/docs/powerEditor/index.html index 4f457a0..d1fa562 100644 --- a/docs/docs/powerEditor/index.html +++ b/docs/docs/powerEditor/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Editor de Potência | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" 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as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/55.6e4c7875.js" as="script"> @@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong 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href="/PSP/docs/transformer">Transformador</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/load">Carga</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">Capacitor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/inductor">Indutor</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmSource">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">Gerador Síncrono</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor">Compensador Síncrono</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/indMotor">Motor de Indução</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!">Editor de Elementos de Controle</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">Editor de Controle</a></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!" tabindex="-1">Elementos de Controle</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/io">Entrada / Saída</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/transferFunction">Função Transferência</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" href="#!">Simulações</a><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Fluxo de Potência</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/fault">Curto-Circuito</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">Harmônicos</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/stability">Estabilidade</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Editor de Potência</h1></header><div class="markdown"><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="novo-projeto"></a>Novo projeto<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#novo-projeto" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A criação de um novo projeto é realizada clicando no item <strong>Novo projeto</strong> no <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#menu-ribbon">submenu <strong>Arquivo</strong></a>. Essa ação cria um sistema em branco na área de trabalho, local onde é possível inserir os elementos elétricos por meio do <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#menu-ribbon">submenu <strong>Ferramentas</strong></a> ou pelas <a href="/PSP/docs/powerEditor#teclas-de-atalho">teclas de atalho</a>.</p><p>Abaixo são apresentados os elementos elétricos de potência que podem ser inseridos no PSP-UFU:</p><ul><li><a href="/PSP/docs/bus">Barramento</a></li><li>Elementos de ramo<ul><li><a href="/PSP/docs/line">Linha</a></li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/transformer">Transformador</a></li></ul></li><li>Elementos Shunt<ul><li><a href="/PSP/docs/load">Carga</a></li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">Capacitor</a></li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/inductor">Indutor</a></li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/harmSource">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</a></li></ul></li><li>Máquinas<ul><li><a href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">Gerador Síncrono</a></li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor">Compensador Síncrono</a></li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/indMotor">Motor de Indução</a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/PSP/images/powerElements.svg" alt="Elementos de potência" title="Elementos de potência"></p><p>Todos os elementos inseridos pode ser manipulados e editados utilizando as <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools">Ferramentas CAD</a>.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="inserindo-elementos"></a>Inserindo elementos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#inserindo-elementos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Por meio do submenu <strong>Ferramentas</strong> pode-se inserir os elementos de potência, como é apresentado na imagem abaixo.</p><p><img src="/PSP/images/addPowerElements.png" alt="Adicionar elementos de potência" title="Adicionar elementos de potência"></p><p>No caso de inserção de um barramento, o usuário deve apenas clicar na posição desejada, já para os outros componentes será solicitado que o usuário selecione em uma ou duas barras, o qual o novo componente será conectado.</p><p>Sempre que são inseridos novos elementos, um formulário de dados é exibido e pode-se editar os dados elétricos e acessar formulários adicionais, como dados de estabilidade.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O primeiro elemento que a ser inserido no projeto <strong>deve</strong> ser um barramento. Os demais elementos elétricos devem ser conectados em uma ou mais barras.</p></div></div><p>Além dos elementos de potência pode-se inserir os elementos de <em>texto vinculado</em>, os quais estão associados a uma grandeza que se deseja vizualizar diretamente na <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#%C3%A1rea-de-trabalho">Área de Trabalho</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Ao inserir um barramento, a mesma irá acompanhar o ponteiro do mouse até que você clique na posição desejada. Para os demais elementos <strong>deve-se clicar em uma mais barras</strong> para exibir o elemento inserido.</p><p><strong>Sempre fique atento às instruções da <a href="/PSP/docs/mainScreen#barra-de-status">Barra de Status</a>.</strong></p></div></div><video autoplay="" loop="" muted="" controls=""><source src="/PSP/videos/timelapseBuild.mp4" type="video/mp4"></video><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="teclas-de-atalho"></a>Teclas de atalho<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#teclas-de-atalho" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>É possível inserir todos os elementos de potência por meio de teclas de atalho, facilitando e agilizando a criação dos diagramas unifilares no PSP-UFU. A tabela abaixo apresenta tais atalhos:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Elemento</th><th align="center">Atalho</th><th>Elemento</th><th align="center">Atalho</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Barramento</td><td align="center">B</td><td>Carga</td><td align="center">Shift + L</td></tr><tr><td>Linha</td><td align="center">L</td><td>Capacitor</td><td align="center">Shift + C</td></tr><tr><td>Transformador</td><td align="center">T</td><td>Indutor</td><td align="center">Shift + I</td></tr><tr><td>Gerador</td><td align="center">G</td><td>Corrente harmônica</td><td align="center">Shift + H</td></tr><tr><td>Motor de indução</td><td align="center">I</td><td>Texto</td><td align="center">A</td></tr><tr><td>Compensador síncrono</td><td align="center">K</td><td></td><td align="center"></td></tr></tbody></table><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="editando-dados-elétricos"></a>Editando dados elétricos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#editando-dados-elétricos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Ao inserir um elemento, seu respectivo formulário de edição é exibido para inserção dos dados elétricos d elemento. Todos os dados podem ser <strong>alterados</strong> ao <strong>clicar duas vezes sobre o elemento</strong> ou por opção do <strong>menu de contexto</strong> exibido ao clicar com o botão direito sobre o elemento.</p><p>Cada formulário de edição de dados elétricos dos elementos possuem suas particularidades e são descritos em documentação específica: <a href="/PSP/docs/bus">Barramento</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/line">Linha</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/transformer">Transformador</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/load">Carga</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/capacitor">Capacitor</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/inductor">Indutor</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/harmSource">Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">Gerador Síncrono</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor">Compensador Síncrono</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/indMotor">Motor de Indução</a>.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/powerEditor.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/cadTools"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Ferramentas CAD</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/bus"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Barramento »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#novo-projeto" class="table-of-contents__link">Novo projeto</a></li><li><a href="#inserindo-elementos" class="table-of-contents__link">Inserindo elementos</a><ul><li><a href="#teclas-de-atalho" class="table-of-contents__link">Teclas de atalho</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#editando-dados-elétricos" class="table-of-contents__link">Editando dados elétricos</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a aria-current="page" class="navbar__item navbar__link navbar__link--active" 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class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link navbar__link--active" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="docPage_1kjD"><div class="docSidebarContainer_1cYp" role="complementary"><div class="sidebar_1kLs"><div class="menu 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tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/fault">Curto-Circuito</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">Harmônicos</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/stability">Estabilidade</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Gerador Síncrono</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Uma máquina de corrente alternada na qual a frequência das tensões geradas e a velocidade da máquina estão em uma proporção constante. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=411-31-08" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="gerador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu"></a>Gerador Síncrono no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#gerador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Os geradores síncronos são a fonte de potência para o cálculo do fluxo de carga e estabilidade, além de serem um dos principais contribuintes para as correntes de falta.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Somente barramentos que possuem esse elemento conectado podem ser considerados <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">barras de referência</a>. <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barras do tipo PV</a> devem conter um gerador síncrono ou um <a href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor">motor síncrono (compensador síncrono)</a>.</p></div></div><p>O formulário de dados é dividido em dois, sendo o primeiro responsável pelos dados gerais, de <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a> e de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">falta</a> e um segundo pelos dados de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a> . Esse último também permite o acesso aos controles das máquinas síncronas manipulados pelo editor de controle.</p><div class="admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>Informação</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Os dados referentes às <strong>impedâncias de sequência positiva do gerador síncrono</strong> inseridas no <a href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator#falta">contexto (aba) "Falta"</a> são utilizados <strong>tanto para os estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">curto-circuito</a> quanto para os estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">harmônicos</a></strong>.</p><p>Esses dados são ignorados nos estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a> (<em>não são utilizado nesse estudo</em>) e <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a> (<em>são utilizados dados inseridos em formulário específico</em>).</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="gerador-síncrono-no-fluxo-de-carga"></a>Gerador Síncrono no fluxo de carga<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#gerador-síncrono-no-fluxo-de-carga" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O gerador síncrono é a fonte de potência do PSP-UFU no estudo de fluxo de carga. Seu comportamento difere de acordo com o tipo de barra conectada:</p><ul><li><a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra de referência</a>: Os dados de potência ativa e reativa inseridos são desprezados, uma vez que esse elemento será utilizado para completar o balanço de potência do estudo de fluxo d carga;</li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra PV</a>: O dado de potência ativa é considerado, porém o dados de potência reativa são desprezados. O valor da potência reativa é utilizado para manter o módulo da tensão constante no barramento conectado;</li><li><a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra PQ</a>: Para os geradores conectados a essa barra tanto a potência ativa quanto reativa inseridas são consideradas.</li></ul><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso o limite de potência reativa seja excedido, o programa automaticamente transforma a <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra PV</a> conectada em uma <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">Barra PQ</a>, utilizando o valor limite de potência reativa que seria ultrapassado.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito"></a>Gerador Síncrono no estudo de curto-circuito<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Enquanto os geradores no estudo de fluxo de carga são modelados somente por correntes injetadas nas barras, para o curto-circuito utiliza-se uma tensão atrás de uma impedância. A figura abaixo mostra o caminho da corrente e o circuito equivalente de cada sequência nos geradores.</p><img src="/PSP/images/sycGeneratorSeq.svg" alt="Caminho das correntes e circuito equivalente: (a) sequência positiva; (b) sequência negativa; (c) sequência zero" title="Caminho das correntes e circuito equivalente: (a) sequência positiva; (b) sequência negativa; (c) sequência zero"><p>As tensões geradas são somente de sequência positiva, uma vez que o gerador fornece sempre tensões trifásicas equilibradas. Portanto a rede de sequência positiva é composta de uma tensão pré-falta atrás de uma impedância de sequência positiva. As redes de sequência negativa e zero não contêm forças eletromotrizes, porém incluem as impedâncias do gerador de sequência negativa e zero.</p><p>A corrente que circula na impedância <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{z}_n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.78056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> entre o neutro e a terra é <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3\dot{I}_{a0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.07019em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>. Pela figura acima (c), observa-se que a queda de tensão de sequência zero do ponto a para terra (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\dot{V}_{a0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.07019em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) é:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>g</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\dot{V}_{a0} = -3\dot{I}_{a0}\overline{z}_n - \dot{I}_{a0}\overline{z}_{g0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.07019em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.07019em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.206298em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.301108em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>A rede de sequência zero, que é um circuito monofásico pelo qual se supõe que circule apenas corrente de sequência zero e deve, portanto, ter uma impedância definida pela seguinte equação:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>g</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{z}_{0} = 3\overline{z}_n + \overline{z}_{g0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.78056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.79444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.916668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.301108em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso o gerador não seja aterrado, não circulará corrente de sequência zero por ele. Nesse caso, dependendo da conexão do transformador próximo ao gerador sem aterramento, a seguinte mensagem de erro pode ser exibida:</p><p><center>"<i>Falha ao inverter a matriz admitância de sequência zero</i>"</center></p><p>Isso ocorre porque a matriz admitância de sequência zero é singular. Para contornar esse problema escolha <strong>uma</strong> das duas soluções abaixo:</p><ol><li>Marque a opção "Neutro aterrado" e insira um alto valor de reatância de aterramento (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>j</mi><mn>9999</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">j9999~p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>, por exemplo);</li><li><strong>Ou</strong>, na barra do gerador, insira um <a href="/PSP/docs/inductor">reator</a> de baixo valor de potência reativa (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo separator="true">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>v</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1,0~var</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8388800000000001em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">v</span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span></span>, por exemplo).</li></ol></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"></a>Gerador Síncrono no estudo de estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>A relação de valores observados em testes adequados (definidos na <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9050934">IEEE Std. 115-2019</a>), denominados parâmetros padrões, são utilizados para modelar a máquina síncrona no estudo de estabilidade do PSP-UFU.</p><p>Os parâmetros da máquina síncrona que influenciam rapidamente no decaimento de valores são chamados <strong>subtransitórios</strong> (indicados por <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">''</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.751892em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), aqueles que influenciam mais lentamente são chamados <strong>transitórios</strong> (indicados por <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">'</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.751892em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>) e, finalmente, aqueles que influenciam continuamente são chamados de parâmetros <strong>síncronos</strong> (sem indicação de sobrescrito).</p><p>Um conjunto de equações algébrico-diferenciais determinam o comportamento da máquina síncrona no estudo de estabilidade:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mi>I</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mi>I</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mtext> </mtext><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>−</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>q</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>q</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mtext> </mtext><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi></mrow></mfrac><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E_{q}' - V_q = r_aI_q - x_{ds}'Id\\ E_{d}' - V_d = r_aI_d - x_{qs}'Iq\\ E_{q}'' - V_q = r_aI_q - x_{ds}''Id\\ E_{d}'' - V_d = r_aI_d - x_{qs}''Iq\\ ~\\ \frac{dE_{q}'}{dt} = \frac{V_{fd} + \left( x_d - x_{d}' \right)I_d - s_d E_{q}'}{T_{d0}'}\\ \frac{dE_{d}'}{dt} = \frac{- \left( x_q - x_{q}' \right)I_q - s_q E_{d}'}{T_{q0}'}\\ \frac{dE_{q}''}{dt} = \frac{s_dE_{q}' + \left( x_{d}' - x_{d}'' \right)I_d - s_d E_{q}''}{T_{d0}''}\\ \frac{dE_{d}''}{dt} = \frac{s_dE_{d}' + \left( x_{q}' - x_{q}'' \right)I_q - s_d E_{d}''}{T_{q0}''}\\ ~\\ \frac{d\omega}{dt} = \frac{\omega_r}{2H} \left[ P_m - P_e - D_a \left( \omega - \omega_r \right) \right]\\ \frac{d\delta}{dt} = \Omega_b\left( \omega - \omega_r \right)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.185em;vertical-align:-0.383108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1130000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.185em;vertical-align:-0.383108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1130000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.185em;vertical-align:-0.383108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1130000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.048892em;vertical-align:-0.247em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8018919999999999em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.185em;vertical-align:-0.383108em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1130000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.211em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.525em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.773108em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.512308em;vertical-align:-0.9873080000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.525em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em"><span style="top:-2.398692em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30130799999999996em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.773108em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3361079999999999em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.10764em">f</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9873080000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.114892em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.428892em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.7115240000000003em;vertical-align:-1.088416em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6231080000000002em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em"><span style="top:-2.4336920000000006em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4024159999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.773108em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.088416em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.211em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.525em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.773108em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.512308em;vertical-align:-0.9873080000000001em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.525em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em"><span style="top:-2.398692em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30130799999999996em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.773108em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9873080000000001em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.114892em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.428892em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.7115240000000003em;vertical-align:-1.088416em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6231080000000002em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em"><span style="top:-2.4336920000000006em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4024159999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.773108em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size1">)</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.088416em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.7935599999999998em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1075599999999999em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em">H</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">D</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">]</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03785em">δ</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">Ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>As duas últimas equações diferenciais são as equações mecânicas da máquina; e as demais são equações elétricas (consulte essa <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.te.2019.2444">tese</a> para maiores detalhes acerca dos parâmetros dessas equações).</p><p>Utilizando as equações transitórias e subtransitórias podem-se definir cinco modelos de distintas complexidades.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O modelo da máquina síncrona é <strong>selecionado automaticamente</strong> de acordo com os dados fornecidos ao programa.</p></div></div><p>Na sequência são apresentados tais modelos, incluídos os efeitos da saturação magnética, em conjunto com seus diagramas de blocos:</p><ul><li><strong>Modelo 1</strong>: Corresponde a uma tensão constante atrás de uma reatância transitória de eixo direto (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_{d}'</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.035em;vertical-align:-0.2831079999999999em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), não exigindo equações diferenciais;</li><li><strong>Modelo 2</strong>: São representados os efeitos transitórios de eixo direto, sendo necessária a solução de uma equação diferencial (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{q}'}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.5319em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1869em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.60742em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.42488571428571426em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>), cujo diagrama de blocos é apresentado na figura abaixo:</li></ul><img src="/PSP/images/model2SyncGenerator.svg" alt="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 2 das máquinas síncronas" title="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 2 das máquinas síncronas"><ul><li><strong>Modelo 3</strong>: São representados os efeitos transitórios de eixo direto e em quadratura, exigindo duas equações diferenciais (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{q}'}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.5319em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1869em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.60742em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.42488571428571426em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{d}'}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.43468em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.08968em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5102em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>), cujo diagrama de blocos é apresentado na figura abaixo:</li></ul><img src="/PSP/images/model3SyncGenerator.svg" alt="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 3 das máquinas síncronas" title="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 3 das máquinas síncronas"><ul><li><strong>Modelo 4</strong>: São representados os efeitos subtransitórios de eixo direto e em quadratura, sendo necessária a solução de três equações diferenciais (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{q}'}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.5319em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1869em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.60742em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.42488571428571426em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{q}''}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.5319em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1869em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.60742em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.42488571428571426em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{d}''}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.43468em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.08968em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5102em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>), cujo diagrama de blocos é apresentado na figura abaixo:</li></ul><img src="/PSP/images/model4SyncGenerator.svg" alt="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 4 das máquinas síncronas" title="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 4 das máquinas síncronas"><ul><li><strong>Modelo 5</strong>: São representados os efeitos subtransitórios de eixo direto e em quadratura, sendo necessária a solução de quatro equações diferenciais (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{q}'}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.5319em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1869em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.60742em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.42488571428571426em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{d}'}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.43468em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.08968em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5102em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{q}''}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.5319em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1869em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.60742em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em">q</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.42488571428571426em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dE_{d}''}{dt}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.43468em;vertical-align:-0.345em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.08968em"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5102em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>), cujo diagrama de blocos é apresentado na figura abaixo:</li></ul><img src="/PSP/images/model5SyncGenerator.svg" alt="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 4 das máquinas síncronas" title="Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 4 das máquinas síncronas"><div class="admonition admonition-note alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>Nota</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Em todos os modelos as equações diferenciais mecânicas são solucionadas.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="barramento-infinito"></a>Barramento infinito<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#barramento-infinito" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Algumas referências incluem um modelo sem equações diferenciais, em que a máquina é somente representada por uma tensão constante atrás de uma reatância transitória de eixo direto. Tal é utilizado na representação de um <strong>barramento infinito</strong>, o qual é normalmente constituído de um subsistema muito maior àquele simulado.</p><p>No PSP-UFU a <strong>representação de um barramento infinito</strong> pode ser obtido por meio da utilização de uma máquina representada pelo Modelo 1 cujo valor da constante de inércia (H) é infinito ou muito grande (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>9999</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>s</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">9999~s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span></span></span>, por exemplo) em relação às demais máquinas do sistema, e o valor de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_{d}'</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.035em;vertical-align:-0.2831079999999999em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em"><span style="top:-2.4168920000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2831079999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> deve ser um valor muito pequeno (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">10^{-3}~p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.008548em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>, por exemplo).</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="centro-de-inércia"></a>Centro de inércia<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#centro-de-inércia" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Normalmente utiliza-se a velocidade de referência como sendo a síncrona e portanto, nesse caso, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo separator="true">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega_r = \omega_b = 1,0~p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8388800000000001em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mspace nobreak"> </span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> Essa abordagem, adotada por vários livros de estabilidade, considera como referência uma máquina fictícia girando sempre na velocidade síncrona independente das perturbações aplicadas no sistema. No PSP-UFU foi implementado o conceito de centro de inércia (COI, do inglês, <em>Center of Inertia</em>), que constitui uma soma ponderada das velocidades das máquinas presentes no sistema:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><munderover><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></munderover><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><munderover><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></munderover><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega_r=\frac{\left( \sum_{i=1}^{n} H_i \omega_i \right)}{\left( \sum_{i=1}^{n} H_i \right)}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.488004em;vertical-align:-0.994002em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.494002em"><span style="top:-2.305708em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:-0.0000050000000000050004em">∑</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.804292em"><span style="top:-2.40029em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29971000000000003em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6897100000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em">(</span><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:-0.0000050000000000050004em">∑</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.804292em"><span style="top:-2.40029em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29971000000000003em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">ω</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.994002em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Em que: -<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span></span> é o número de máquinas síncronas <strong>conectadas</strong> no sistema.</p><p>A aplicação do COI resulta em dados de saída, como o ângulo do rotor, mais fáceis de serem analisados. Na implementação realizada no programa a utilização ou não desse recurso é opcional e pode ser <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">definida pelo usuário</a>.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos"></a>Formulário de edição dos geradores síncronos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos geradores síncronos:</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncGeneratorForm.png" alt="Formulário dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU"><p>Um segundo pelos dados de estabilidade, como mostra a figura abaixo, acessado ao clicar no botão "Estabilidade" do formulário principal. Nele é possível também acessar aos controles das máquinas síncronas manipulados pelo <a href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">editor de controle</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncGeneratorStabForm.png" alt="Formulário de estabilidade dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário de estabilidade dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU"><p>No formulário de estabilidade pode ser observado o botão "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do gerador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncGeneratorSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do gerador síncrono" title="Formulário de chaveamento do gerador síncrono"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-ativa-e-reativa"></a>Potências ativa e reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-ativa-e-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potências ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do gerador.</p><p>Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de potência reativa será ignorado e caso seja de referência ambos os valores inseridos serão desprezados.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso mais de um gerador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de potência reativa (nas barras de referência e PV) e ativa (nas barras de referência) são igualmente distribuídas, respeitando os limites individuais de potência reativa.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-reativas-máxima-e-mínima"></a>Potências reativas máxima e mínima<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-reativas-máxima-e-mínima" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Limites de potência reativa máxima e mínima do gerador para controle de tensão em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade será limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada será transformada em PQ, não controlando a tensão estabelecida.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base"></a>Utilizar potência nominal como base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal do gerador como base para a conversão das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formulário de estabilidade, caso contrário será usada a <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">potência base do sistema</a>.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedâncias-de-sequência"></a>Impedâncias de sequência<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedâncias-de-sequência" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores de resistência e reatância para cálculo das correntes de falta. São inseridos dados de sequência positiva, negativa e zero.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-de-aterramento"></a>Impedância de aterramento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-de-aterramento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores utilizados para o cálculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador não seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo é ignorado.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="neutro-aterrado"></a>Neutro aterrado<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#neutro-aterrado" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Indica se o neutro do gerador é aterrado.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="imprimir-dados-da-máquina-síncrona"></a>Imprimir dados da máquina síncrona<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-dados-da-máquina-síncrona" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Exibe os dados do gerador síncrono nos gráficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados são exibidos:</p><ul><li>tensão terminal</li><li>potências ativa e reativas</li><li>potência mecânica</li><li>frequência</li><li>tensão de campo</li><li>ângulo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03785em">δ</span></span></span></span></span>.</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"></a>Utilizar AVR e regulador de velocidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Esses campos acionam ou inibem os controles da máquina síncrona, assim como modelos de turbina e excitatrizes.</p><p>Caso selecionadas os controles podem ser inseridos e modificados pelos botões “Editar AVR” e “Editar regulador de velocidade”, os quais acessam o <a href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">editor de controle do PSP-UFU</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="resistência-de-armadura"></a>Resistência de armadura<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#resistência-de-armadura" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Resistência de armadura da máquina síncrona, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatância-de-potier"></a>Reatância de Potier<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatância-de-potier" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Reatância de Potier para cálculo da saturação da máquina, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="fator-de-saturação"></a>Fator de saturação<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#fator-de-saturação" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valor utilizado no cálculo da curva de saturação.</p><p>Representa o valor (em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>) de corrente de campo necessária para atingir 1,2 p.u. de tensão terminal.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Esse valor deve ser <strong>maior que 1,2</strong>, ou irá gerar erros na simulação. Caso não seja informado, a saturação da máquina não é considerada nos cálculos.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatâncias-síncronas"></a>Reatâncias síncronas<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatâncias-síncronas" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores de reatância síncrona (regime permanente) da máquina. Os valores de eixo direto e em quadratura devem ser iguais ou muito próximos para representação de uma máquina de polos lisos, enquanto para polos salientes esses valores são distintos.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transitórias"></a>Reatâncias e constantes de tempo transitórias<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transitórias" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parâmetros transitórios da máquina síncrona em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> ou segundos.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O valor da reatância transitória de eixo direto deve ser diferente de zero ou levará o programa a erro.</p></div></div><p>De acordo com a quantidade de parâmetros inseridos é definido internamente pelo programa qual o modelo a ser utilizado.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransitórias"></a>Reatâncias e constantes de tempo subtransitórias<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransitórias" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parâmetros subtransitórios da máquina síncrona em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> ou segundos, representando em detalhes a presença de enrolamentos amortecedores. Assim como os dados transitórios, esses parâmetros definem o modelo da máquina.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-chaveamento"></a>Botão Chaveamento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-chaveamento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Chaveamento" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do gerador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/syncGenerator.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/harmSource"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Compensador Síncrono »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-fluxo-de-carga" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no fluxo de carga</a></li><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no estudo de curto-circuito</a></li><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no estudo de estabilidade</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos geradores síncronos</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#falta" class="table-of-contents__link">Falta</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li><li><a href="#botão-chaveamento" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Chaveamento</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div> +<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span></span> é o número de máquinas síncronas <strong>conectadas</strong> no sistema.</p><p>A aplicação do COI resulta em dados de saída, como o ângulo do rotor, mais fáceis de serem analisados. Na implementação realizada no programa a utilização ou não desse recurso é opcional e pode ser <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">definida pelo usuário</a>.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos"></a>Formulário de edição dos geradores síncronos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos geradores síncronos:</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncGeneratorForm.png" alt="Formulário dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU"><p>Um segundo pelos dados de estabilidade, como mostra a figura abaixo, acessado ao clicar no botão "Estabilidade" do formulário principal. Nele é possível também acessar aos controles das máquinas síncronas manipulados pelo <a href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">editor de controle</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncGeneratorStabForm.png" alt="Formulário de estabilidade dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário de estabilidade dos geradores síncronos no PSP-UFU"><p>No formulário de estabilidade pode ser observado o botão "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do gerador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncGeneratorSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do gerador síncrono" title="Formulário de chaveamento do gerador síncrono"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-nominal"></a>Potência nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potência nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA.</p><p>Esse campo é especialmente importante caso a opção "Utilizar a potência nominal como base" esteja marcada.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-ativa-e-reativa"></a>Potências ativa e reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-ativa-e-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potências ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do gerador.</p><p>Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de potência reativa será ignorado e caso seja de referência ambos os valores inseridos serão desprezados.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso mais de um gerador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de potência reativa (nas barras de referência e PV) e ativa (nas barras de referência) são igualmente distribuídas, respeitando os limites individuais de potência reativa.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-reativas-máxima-e-mínima"></a>Potências reativas máxima e mínima<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-reativas-máxima-e-mínima" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Limites de potência reativa máxima e mínima do gerador para controle de tensão em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade será limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada será transformada em PQ, não controlando a tensão estabelecida.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base"></a>Utilizar potência nominal como base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal do gerador como base para a conversão das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formulário de estabilidade, caso contrário será usada a <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">potência base do sistema</a>.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedâncias-de-sequência"></a>Impedâncias de sequência<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedâncias-de-sequência" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores de resistência e reatância para cálculo das correntes de falta. São inseridos dados de sequência positiva, negativa e zero.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-de-aterramento"></a>Impedância de aterramento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-de-aterramento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores utilizados para o cálculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador não seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo é ignorado.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="neutro-aterrado"></a>Neutro aterrado<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#neutro-aterrado" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Indica se o neutro do gerador é aterrado.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="imprimir-dados-da-máquina-síncrona"></a>Imprimir dados da máquina síncrona<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#imprimir-dados-da-máquina-síncrona" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Exibe os dados do gerador síncrono nos gráficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados são exibidos:</p><ul><li>tensão terminal</li><li>potências ativa e reativas</li><li>potência mecânica</li><li>frequência</li><li>tensão de campo</li><li>ângulo <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03785em">δ</span></span></span></span></span>.</li></ul><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"></a>Utilizar AVR e regulador de velocidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Esses campos acionam ou inibem os controles da máquina síncrona, assim como modelos de turbina e excitatrizes.</p><p>Caso selecionadas os controles podem ser inseridos e modificados pelos botões “Editar AVR” e “Editar regulador de velocidade”, os quais acessam o <a href="/PSP/docs/controlEditor">editor de controle do PSP-UFU</a>.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="resistência-de-armadura"></a>Resistência de armadura<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#resistência-de-armadura" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Resistência de armadura da máquina síncrona, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatância-de-potier"></a>Reatância de Potier<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatância-de-potier" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Reatância de Potier para cálculo da saturação da máquina, em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="fator-de-saturação"></a>Fator de saturação<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#fator-de-saturação" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valor utilizado no cálculo da curva de saturação.</p><p>Representa o valor (em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span>) de corrente de campo necessária para atingir 1,2 p.u. de tensão terminal.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Esse valor deve ser <strong>maior que 1,2</strong>, ou irá gerar erros na simulação. Caso não seja informado, a saturação da máquina não é considerada nos cálculos.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatâncias-síncronas"></a>Reatâncias síncronas<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatâncias-síncronas" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores de reatância síncrona (regime permanente) da máquina. Os valores de eixo direto e em quadratura devem ser iguais ou muito próximos para representação de uma máquina de polos lisos, enquanto para polos salientes esses valores são distintos.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transitórias"></a>Reatâncias e constantes de tempo transitórias<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transitórias" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parâmetros transitórios da máquina síncrona em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> ou segundos.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O valor da reatância transitória de eixo direto deve ser diferente de zero ou levará o programa a erro.</p></div></div><p>De acordo com a quantidade de parâmetros inseridos é definido internamente pelo programa qual o modelo a ser utilizado.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransitórias"></a>Reatâncias e constantes de tempo subtransitórias<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#reatâncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransitórias" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Parâmetros subtransitórios da máquina síncrona em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> ou segundos, representando em detalhes a presença de enrolamentos amortecedores. Assim como os dados transitórios, esses parâmetros definem o modelo da máquina.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-chaveamento"></a>Botão Chaveamento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-chaveamento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Chaveamento" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do gerador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="referências"></a>Referências<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#referências" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><ol><li>MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6</a></li><li>ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286</a></li><li>KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.</li><li>DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. PAS-91, n. 4, jul 1972, p. 1643-1650. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341</a></li><li>IEEE Std 1110-2002 IEEE Guide for Synchronous Generator Modeling Practices and Applications in Power System Stability Analyses. IEEE, New York, nov. 2003. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408">https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408</a></li><li>KIMBARK, E. W. Power System Stability: Volume III – Synchronous Machine. New York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 1995.</li></ol></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/syncGenerator.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/harmSource"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Fonte de Corrente Harmônica</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/syncMotor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Compensador Síncrono »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-fluxo-de-carga" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no fluxo de carga</a></li><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no estudo de curto-circuito</a></li><li><a href="#gerador-síncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Gerador Síncrono no estudo de estabilidade</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-geradores-síncronos" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos geradores síncronos</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#falta" class="table-of-contents__link">Falta</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li><li><a href="#botão-chaveamento" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Chaveamento</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#referências" class="table-of-contents__link">Referências</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Compensador Síncrono</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Uma máquina síncrona operando sem carga mecânica e fornecendo ou absorvendo energia reativa. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=411-34-03" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="compensador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu"></a>Compensador Síncrono no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#compensador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>O compensador síncrono nada mais é que um motor síncrono operando sem carga em seu eixo com o intuito de fornecer ou absorver potência reativa na rede. Em relação ao <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a>, no PSP-UFU esse elemento tem comportamento idêntico ao <a href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">gerador síncrono</a>, porém a sua potência ativa é inserida nos algoritmos de solução com sinal negativo.</p><p>Sua parametrização para o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/powerFlow">fluxo de carga</a>, <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">falta</a> e <a href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">harmônicos</a> é idêntica ao <a href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">gerador síncrono</a>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O compensador síncrono <strong>não foi implementado no estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a></strong> e sua presença no circuito pode causar erros durante os cálculos.</p><p>Não inclua esse elemento para os estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>. Versões futuras do PSP-UFU irão contemplar esse elemento para esse estudo.</p></div></div><div class="admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Dica</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>É possível utilizar um <a href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator">gerador síncrono</a> com potência ativa <em>nula</em> ou <em>negativa</em> para representar o compensador síncrono nos estudos de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p></div></div><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-compensadores-síncronos"></a>Formulário de edição dos compensadores síncronos<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-compensadores-síncronos" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos compensadores síncronos:</p><img src="/PSP/images/syncMotorForm.png" alt="Formulário dos compensadores síncronos no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos compensadores síncronos no PSP-UFU"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-nominal"></a>Potência nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potência nominal do compensador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA.</p><p>Esse campo é especialmente importante caso a opção "Utilizar a potência nominal como base" esteja marcada.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-ativa-e-reativa"></a>Potências ativa e reativa<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-ativa-e-reativa" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potências ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do compensador.</p><p>Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de potência reativa será ignorado e caso seja de referência ambos os valores inseridos serão desprezados.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>Caso mais de um compensador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de potência reativa (nas barras de referência e PV) e ativa (nas barras de referência) são igualmente distribuídas, respeitando os limites individuais de potência reativa.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potências-reativas-máxima-e-mínima"></a>Potências reativas máxima e mínima<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potências-reativas-máxima-e-mínima" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Limites de potência reativa máxima e mínima do compensador para controle de tensão em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade será limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada será transformada em PQ, não controlando a tensão estabelecida.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base"></a>Utilizar potência nominal como base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal do compensador como base para a conversão das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formulário de estabilidade, caso contrário será usada a <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">potência base do sistema</a>.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedâncias-de-sequência"></a>Impedâncias de sequência<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedâncias-de-sequência" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores de resistência e reatância para cálculo das correntes de falta. São inseridos dados de sequência positiva, negativa e zero.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-de-aterramento"></a>Impedância de aterramento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-de-aterramento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Valores utilizados para o cálculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador não seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo é ignorado.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="neutro-aterrado"></a>Neutro aterrado<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#neutro-aterrado" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Indica se o neutro do gerador é aterrado.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/syncMotor.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/syncGenerator"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Gerador Síncrono</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/indMotor"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Motor de Indução »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#compensador-síncrono-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Compensador Síncrono no PSP-UFU</a></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-compensadores-síncronos" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos compensadores síncronos</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#falta" class="table-of-contents__link">Falta</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/fault">Curto-Circuito</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/harmonics">Harmônicos</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/stability">Estabilidade</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="-1" href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">Configurações da Simulação</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><main class="docMainContainer_FFX1"><div class="container padding-vert--lg docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Transformador</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Aparelho estático com dois ou mais enrolamentos que, por indução eletromagnética, transforma um sistema de tensão e corrente alternada em outro sistema de tensão e corrente geralmente de valores diferentes e na mesma frequência com o objetivo de transmitir energia elétrica. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=421-01-01" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="transformador-no-psp-ufu"></a>Transformador no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#transformador-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Transformadores com quaisquer conexões e defasagens entre as tensões primárias e secundárias podem ser inseridos no PSP-UFU. Para isso, os transformadores devem ser modelados representando seu tape (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.61508em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span></span></span>) e defasagem (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\phi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">ϕ</span></span></span></span></span>), utilizando um transformador ideal de relação de transformação <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>:</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{t}:1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.81508em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span></span> em série com sua impedância (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{y}_T = r_T + jx_T</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8747em;vertical-align:-0.24414em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.73333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), em que <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{t}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.81508em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é um número complexo (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t\angle\phi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="mord">∠</span><span class="mord mathdefault">ϕ</span></span></span></span></span>)</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O modelo utilizado no PSP-UFU <strong>não considera</strong> o ramo magnetizante ou impedâncias mútuas entre as fases.</p></div></div><p>A figura abaixo mostra o modelo do transformador implementado no PSP-UFU:</p><img src="/PSP/images/transformerModel.svg" alt="Modelo PI da linha" title="Modelo PI da linha"><p>Em que:</p><ul><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">T</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{r_T}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.59444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33027699999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a resistência total do transformador;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">T</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{x_T}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.59444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33027699999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a reatância indutiva total do transformador;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi mathvariant="bold">t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{\overline{t}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8349200000000001em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8349200000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.7549200000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a o tape complexo do transformador.</li></ul><p>A relação entre as tensões e correntes das barras genéricas <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">j</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span> é obtida pela equação matricial:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>∗</mo></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>×</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mi>i</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mi>j</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{bmatrix} \dot{I}_{ij}\\ \dot{I}_{ji} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{t^2} & -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}^*}\\ -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}} & \overline{y}_T \end{bmatrix} \times \begin{bmatrix} \dot{V}_{i}\\ \dot{V}_{j} \end{bmatrix}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.5603800000000003em;vertical-align:-1.0301900000000004em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.53019em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3298099999999997em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0301900000000004em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.202030000000001em;vertical-align:-1.850025em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎣</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎡</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000007em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2107020000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.29492em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70508em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019379999999998em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000007em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.216324em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.893676em"><span style="top:-3.26798em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">∗</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.783676em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2107020000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019379999999998em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎦</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎤</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.5603800000000003em;vertical-align:-1.0301900000000004em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.53019em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3298099999999997em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0301900000000004em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Assim como nas <a href="/PSP/docs/line">linhas</a>, o transformador de dois enrolamentos deve ser inserido entre barras, porém não há a necessidade das tensões nominais desses barramentos serem idênticas.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A primeira barra selecionada será o lado <strong>primário</strong>, o qual é indicado por um círculo. Para alterar o lado primário após a inserção basta desconectar os nós dos transformadores e reconectá-los alternando as barras, utilizando as <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#conex%C3%A3o-e-desconex%C3%A3o-de-elemetos-na-barra">ferramentas CAD</a>.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="transformadores-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito"></a>Transformadores no estudo de curto-circuito<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#transformadores-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Da mesma forma que no estudo de fluxo de carga, a representação dos elementos do sistema para o estudo de curto-circuito é realizada por meio de circuitos equivalentes inseridos na matriz admitância de barras. Nas <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">faltas desbalanceadas</a> é necessário formar três matrizes admitância de sequência: positiva, negativa e zero.</p><p>A matriz admitância de sequência positiva é construída da mesma forma que os estudos de fluxo de carga. Na sequência negativa o ângulo de defasagem entre tensões primária e secundária (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\phi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">ϕ</span></span></span></span></span>) deve ser invertido, uma vez que os fasores da sequência negativa <strong>são deslocados na direção oposta</strong>. Com isso, a matriz que representa as admitâncias da equação anterior deve ser substituída pela seguinte expressão:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>∗</mo></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{bmatrix} \overline{Y}_{ii} & \overline{Y}_{ij}\\ \overline{Y}_{ji} & \overline{Y}_{jj} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{t^2} & -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}}\\ -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}^*} & \overline{y}_T \end{bmatrix}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4866600000000005em;vertical-align:-0.9933300000000005em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.49333em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3666699999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9933300000000005em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.49333em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3666699999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9933300000000005em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.202030000000001em;vertical-align:-1.850025em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎣</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎡</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000003em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2892979999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.216324em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.893676em"><span style="top:-3.26798em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">∗</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.783676em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019380000000003em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000003em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.29492em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70508em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2892979999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019380000000003em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎦</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎤</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>A impedância de sequência negativa nos transformadores deve ser tratada de maneira específica devido aos diferentes tipos de conexão. Na figura abaixo são mostrados os circuitos equivalentes para cada tipo de conexão de transformadores de dois enrolamentos. As setas indicam os caminhos possíveis para circulação da corrente de sequência zero.</p><img src="/PSP/images/seqZeroTrafo.svg" alt="Circuitos equivalentes de sequência zero dos transformadores" title="Circuitos equivalentes de sequência zero dos transformadores"><p>Para os transformadores com conexão estrela aterrado, se a ligação do neutro para a terra apresentar uma impedância <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{z}_n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.78056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, o circuito equivalente de sequência zero deve ter impedância de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3\overline{z}_n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.79444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> em série com a resistência e reatância equivalentes do transformador.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-transformadores"></a>Formulário de edição dos transformadores<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-transformadores" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos transformadores:</p><img src="/PSP/images/trafoForm.png" alt="Formulário dos transformadores no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos transformadores no PSP-UFU"><p>Esse formulário é subdividido em dois contextos distintos:</p><ul><li><strong>Geral</strong>: no qual são inseridas informações gerais dos transformadores, informações do fluxo de carga, sua conexão e defasagem;</li><li><strong>Falta</strong>: local onde as impedâncias de sequência zero e impedâncias de aterramento são inseridas.</li></ul><p>Além desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o botão "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/trafoSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do transformador" title="Formulário de chaveamento do transformador"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-nominal"></a>Tensão nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Campo de informação <em>não editável</em> que apresenta a tensão primária e secundária do transformador. Para alterar esse campo é necessário editar o campo correspondente dos <a href="/PSP/docs/bus#geral">barramento</a> conectados.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-base"></a>Tensão base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Tensão utilizada para converter os parâmetros de impedância inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span> para <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> As tensões selecionadas por uma caixa de escolha são editadas nos formulários dos <a href="/PSP/docs/bus#geral">barramentos</a> conectados.</p><div class="admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>Informação</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A tensão base é ignorada caso os dados inseridos estejam em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-nominal"></a>Potência nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potência nominal da linha, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA.</p><p>Esse campo é especialmente importante caso a opção "Utilizar a potência nominal como base" esteja marcada.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-do-transformador"></a>Impedância do transformador<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-do-transformador" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Impedância série do transformador (resistência e reatância indutiva), inserida em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span>. Caso as impedâncias sejam inseridas em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span> será utilizada a tensão base selecionada para conversão para <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="conexão"></a>Conexão<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#conexão" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Conexão do transformador utilizada para cálculo das correntes de sequência zero nas faltas desbalanceadas com presença de terra (fase-terra e fase-fase-terra).</p><p>As seguintes conexões estão disponíveis:</p><ol><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}-Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span></li></ol><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tap"></a>TAP<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tap" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Tape do transformador <strong>em relação ao primário</strong>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O tape no PSP-UFU deve ser inserido pela relação entre a tensão primária nominal e a tensão de tape <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mtext>TAP</mtext><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left(\text{TAP} = \frac{V_{nominal}}{V_{tape}}\right)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.80002em;vertical-align:-0.65002em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">TAP</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.894191em"><span style="top:-2.655em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29634285714285713em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">p</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2818857142857143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.41586em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em"><span style="top:-2.3487714285714287em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15122857142857138em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.5423199999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="defasagem"></a>Defasagem<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#defasagem" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Defasagem do transformador em relação ao primário, em graus. Esse valor independe do tipo de conexão, portanto para conexões diferentes de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span>(aterrado ou não) e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span>, deve-se inserir o ângulo de defasagem correto.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base"></a>Utilizar potência nominal como base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal do transformador como base para a conversão das unidades, caso contrário será usada a <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">potência base do sistema</a>.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-de-sequência-zero-do-transformador"></a>Impedância de sequência zero do transformador<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-de-sequência-zero-do-transformador" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Esses parâmetros são necessários para o correto cálculo das correntes de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">falta desbalanceadas</a> (fase-fase, fase-fase-terra e fase-terra) e devem ser inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A não inserção desses dados acarretarão em resultados incorretos para <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">faltas desbalanceadas</a>.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedâncias-de-aterramento"></a>Impedâncias de aterramento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedâncias-de-aterramento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>As impedâncias de aterramento são somente utilizadas para conexão <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e devem ser inseridas em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Estabilidade" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/transformer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/line"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Linha</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/load"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Carga »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#transformador-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Transformador no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#transformadores-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" class="table-of-contents__link">Transformadores no estudo de curto-circuito</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-transformadores" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos transformadores</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#falta" class="table-of-contents__link">Falta</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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docItemWrapper_1cc7"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_2GOA"><div class="docItemContainer_2cwg"><article><header><h1 class="docTitle_1vWb">Transformador</h1></header><div class="markdown"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/katex/katex.min.css"><blockquote><p>Aparelho estático com dois ou mais enrolamentos que, por indução eletromagnética, transforma um sistema de tensão e corrente alternada em outro sistema de tensão e corrente geralmente de valores diferentes e na mesma frequência com o objetivo de transmitir energia elétrica. <a href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=421-01-01" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>tradução livre</em> - IEC 60050</a>.</p></blockquote><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="transformador-no-psp-ufu"></a>Transformador no PSP-UFU<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#transformador-no-psp-ufu" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>Transformadores com quaisquer conexões e defasagens entre as tensões primárias e secundárias podem ser inseridos no PSP-UFU. Para isso, os transformadores devem ser modelados representando seu tape (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.61508em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span></span></span>) e defasagem (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\phi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">ϕ</span></span></span></span></span>), utilizando um transformador ideal de relação de transformação <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>:</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{t}:1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.81508em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span></span> em série com sua impedância (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{y}_T = r_T + jx_T</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8747em;vertical-align:-0.24414em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.73333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>), em que <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{t}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.81508em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é um número complexo (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t\angle\phi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="mord">∠</span><span class="mord mathdefault">ϕ</span></span></span></span></span>)</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O modelo utilizado no PSP-UFU <strong>não considera</strong> o ramo magnetizante ou impedâncias mútuas entre as fases.</p></div></div><p>A figura abaixo mostra o modelo do transformador implementado no PSP-UFU:</p><img src="/PSP/images/transformerModel.svg" alt="Modelo PI da linha" title="Modelo PI da linha"><p>Em que:</p><ul><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold">r</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">T</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{r_T}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.59444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33027699999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a resistência total do transformador;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi><mi mathvariant="bold">T</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{x_T}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.59444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33027699999999993em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a reatância indutiva total do transformador;</li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi mathvariant="bold">t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\bold{\overline{t}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8349200000000001em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8349200000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.7549200000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> é a o tape complexo do transformador.</li></ul><p>A relação entre as tensões e correntes das barras genéricas <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span></span> e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">j</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span> é obtida pela equação matricial:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>I</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>∗</mo></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>×</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mi>i</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mi>j</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{bmatrix} \dot{I}_{ij}\\ \dot{I}_{ji} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{t^2} & -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}^*}\\ -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}} & \overline{y}_T \end{bmatrix} \times \begin{bmatrix} \dot{V}_{i}\\ \dot{V}_{j} \end{bmatrix}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.5603800000000003em;vertical-align:-1.0301900000000004em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.53019em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3298099999999997em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em">I</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.027780000000000013em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0301900000000004em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.202030000000001em;vertical-align:-1.850025em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎣</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎡</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000007em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2107020000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.29492em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70508em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019379999999998em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000007em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.216324em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.893676em"><span style="top:-3.26798em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">∗</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.783676em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2107020000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019379999999998em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎦</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎤</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.5603800000000003em;vertical-align:-1.0301900000000004em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.53019em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3298099999999997em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9201900000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.13889em"><span class="mord">˙</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0301900000000004em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Assim como nas <a href="/PSP/docs/line">linhas</a>, o transformador de dois enrolamentos deve ser inserido entre barras, porém não há a necessidade das tensões nominais desses barramentos serem idênticas.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A primeira barra selecionada será o lado <strong>primário</strong>, o qual é indicado por um círculo. Para alterar o lado primário após a inserção basta desconectar os nós dos transformadores e reconectá-los alternando as barras, utilizando as <a href="/PSP/docs/cadTools#conex%C3%A3o-e-desconex%C3%A3o-de-elemetos-na-barra">ferramentas CAD</a>.</p></div></div><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="transformadores-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito"></a>Transformadores no estudo de curto-circuito<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#transformadores-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>Da mesma forma que no estudo de fluxo de carga, a representação dos elementos do sistema para o estudo de curto-circuito é realizada por meio de circuitos equivalentes inseridos na matriz admitância de barras. Nas <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">faltas desbalanceadas</a> é necessário formar três matrizes admitância de sequência: positiva, negativa e zero.</p><p>A matriz admitância de sequência positiva é construída da mesma forma que os estudos de fluxo de carga. Na sequência negativa o ângulo de defasagem entre tensões primária e secundária (<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\phi</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">ϕ</span></span></span></span></span>) deve ser invertido, uma vez que os fasores da sequência negativa <strong>são deslocados na direção oposta</strong>. Com isso, a matriz que representa as admitâncias da equação anterior deve ser substituída pela seguinte expressão:</p><div class="math math-display"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mo>∗</mo></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>T</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{bmatrix} \overline{Y}_{ii} & \overline{Y}_{ij}\\ \overline{Y}_{ji} & \overline{Y}_{jj} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{t^2} & -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}}\\ -\displaystyle \frac{\overline{y}_T}{\overline{t}^*} & \overline{y}_T \end{bmatrix}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4866600000000005em;vertical-align:-0.9933300000000005em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.49333em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3666699999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9933300000000005em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.49333em"><span style="top:-3.61em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.3666699999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8833300000000001em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.80333em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9933300000000005em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size3">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.202030000000001em;vertical-align:-1.850025em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎣</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎢</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎡</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000003em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.314em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2892979999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.216324em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.893676em"><span style="top:-3.26798em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">∗</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.783676em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019380000000003em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.3019380000000003em"><span style="top:-4.301938em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.30756em"><span style="top:-2.29492em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.81508em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.73508em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.6769999999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70508em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2892979999999996em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.30756em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.23419099999999995em"><span style="top:-2.4558600000000004em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">T</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.24414em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8019380000000003em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.352005em"><span style="top:-1.9499950000000004em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎦</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0999950000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1109850000000003em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎥</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.352005em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>⎤</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.850025em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>A impedância de sequência negativa nos transformadores deve ser tratada de maneira específica devido aos diferentes tipos de conexão. Na figura abaixo são mostrados os circuitos equivalentes para cada tipo de conexão de transformadores de dois enrolamentos. As setas indicam os caminhos possíveis para circulação da corrente de sequência zero.</p><img src="/PSP/images/seqZeroTrafo.svg" alt="Circuitos equivalentes de sequência zero dos transformadores" title="Circuitos equivalentes de sequência zero dos transformadores"><p>Para os transformadores com conexão estrela aterrado, se a ligação do neutro para a terra apresentar uma impedância <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\overline{z}_n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.78056em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, o circuito equivalente de sequência zero deve ter impedância de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="true">‾</mo></mover><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3\overline{z}_n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.79444em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord overline"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.63056em"><span style="top:-3em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04398em">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55056em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="overline-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> em série com a resistência e reatância equivalentes do transformador.</p><h2><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="formulário-de-edição-dos-transformadores"></a>Formulário de edição dos transformadores<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-transformadores" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h2><p>A imagem abaixo apresenta o formulário de inserção/alteração de dados dos transformadores:</p><img src="/PSP/images/trafoForm.png" alt="Formulário dos transformadores no PSP-UFU" title="Formulário dos transformadores no PSP-UFU"><p>Esse formulário é subdividido em dois contextos distintos:</p><ul><li><strong>Geral</strong>: no qual são inseridas informações gerais dos transformadores, informações do fluxo de carga, sua conexão e defasagem;</li><li><strong>Falta</strong>: local onde as impedâncias de sequência zero e impedâncias de aterramento são inseridas.</li></ul><p>Além desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o botão "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formulário. Esse formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><img src="/PSP/images/trafoSw.png" alt="Formulário de chaveamento do transformador" title="Formulário de chaveamento do transformador"><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="geral"></a>Geral<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#geral" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="nome"></a>Nome<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#nome" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Identificação do elemento elétrico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer números de caracteres no padrão <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unicode</a>.</p><p>Todos os componentes de potência do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-nominal"></a>Tensão nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Campo de informação <em>não editável</em> que apresenta a tensão primária e secundária do transformador. Para alterar esse campo é necessário editar o campo correspondente dos <a href="/PSP/docs/bus#geral">barramento</a> conectados.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tensão-base"></a>Tensão base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tensão-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Tensão utilizada para converter os parâmetros de impedância inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span> para <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> As tensões selecionadas por uma caixa de escolha são editadas nos formulários dos <a href="/PSP/docs/bus#geral">barramentos</a> conectados.</p><div class="admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>Informação</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A tensão base é ignorada caso os dados inseridos estejam em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="potência-nominal"></a>Potência nominal<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#potência-nominal" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Potência nominal do transformador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA.</p><p>Esse campo é especialmente importante caso a opção "Utilizar a potência nominal como base" esteja marcada.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-do-transformador"></a>Impedância do transformador<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-do-transformador" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Impedância série do transformador (resistência e reatância indutiva), inserida em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span> ou <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span>. Caso as impedâncias sejam inseridas em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Ω</span></span></span></span></span> será utilizada a tensão base selecionada para conversão para <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="conexão"></a>Conexão<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#conexão" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Conexão do transformador utilizada para cálculo das correntes de sequência zero nas faltas desbalanceadas com presença de terra (fase-terra e fase-fase-terra).</p><p>As seguintes conexões estão disponíveis:</p><ol><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}-Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span></li><li><span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span></li></ol><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="tap"></a>TAP<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#tap" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Tape do transformador <strong>em relação ao primário</strong>.</p><div class="admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Atenção!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>O tape no PSP-UFU deve ser inserido pela relação entre a tensão primária nominal e a tensão de tape <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo fence="true">(</mo><mtext>TAP</mtext><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo fence="true">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left(\text{TAP} = \frac{V_{nominal}}{V_{tape}}\right)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.80002em;vertical-align:-0.65002em"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">TAP</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.894191em"><span style="top:-2.655em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29634285714285713em"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">p</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2818857142857143em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em"></span></span><span style="top:-3.41586em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.22222em">V</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3448em"><span style="top:-2.3487714285714287em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15122857142857138em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.5423199999999999em"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top:0em"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="defasagem"></a>Defasagem<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#defasagem" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Defasagem do transformador em relação ao primário, em graus. Esse valor independe do tipo de conexão, portanto para conexões diferentes de <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y-Y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span></span></span></span></span>(aterrado ou não) e <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta-\Delta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em"></span><span class="mord">Δ</span></span></span></span></span>, deve-se inserir o ângulo de defasagem correto.</p><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base"></a>Utilizar potência nominal como base<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#utilizar-potência-nominal-como-base" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Caso essa opção seja marcada, o programa irá utilizar a potência nominal do transformador como base para a conversão das unidades, caso contrário será usada a <a href="/PSP/docs/simulationConfig">potência base do sistema</a>.</p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="falta"></a>Falta<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#falta" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedância-de-sequência-zero-do-transformador"></a>Impedância de sequência zero do transformador<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedância-de-sequência-zero-do-transformador" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>Esses parâmetros são necessários para o correto cálculo das correntes de <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">falta desbalanceadas</a> (fase-fase, fase-fase-terra e fase-terra) e devem ser inseridos em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"><div class="admonition-heading"><h5><span class="admonition-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"></path></svg></span>Cuidado!</h5></div><div class="admonition-content"><p>A não inserção desses dados acarretarão em resultados incorretos para <a href="/PSP/docs/fault">faltas desbalanceadas</a>.</p></div></div><h4><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="impedâncias-de-aterramento"></a>Impedâncias de aterramento<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#impedâncias-de-aterramento" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h4><p>As impedâncias de aterramento são somente utilizadas para conexão <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y_{aterrado}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.22222em">Y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.22222em;margin-right:0.05em"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">e</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em">r</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> e devem ser inseridas em <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p.u.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">u</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><hr><h3><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="anchor enhancedAnchor_ZqCz" id="botão-estabilidade"></a>Botão Estabilidade<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="hash-link" href="#botão-estabilidade" title="Direct link to heading">#</a></h3><p>O botão "Estabilidade" irá abrir um formulário, comum a vários outros elementos, que permite a inserção e/ou remoção do transformador durante o estudo de <a href="/PSP/docs/stability">estabilidade</a>.</p><p>Nesse formulário pode ser criada uma lista genérica de inserções e remoções da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que são editados o tipo de chaveamento (inserção ou remoção) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades são atribuídas e retiradas da lista genérica por meio dos botões "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.</p></div></article><div class="margin-vert--xl"><div class="row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/transformer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><svg fill="currentColor" height="1.2em" width="1.2em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 40 40" style="margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:sub"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div></div></div><div class="margin-vert--lg"><nav class="pagination-nav" aria-label="Blog list page navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/line"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">« Linha</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/PSP/docs/load"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Carga »</div></a></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_TbNY"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#transformador-no-psp-ufu" class="table-of-contents__link">Transformador no PSP-UFU</a><ul><li><a href="#transformadores-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito" class="table-of-contents__link">Transformadores no estudo de curto-circuito</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#formulário-de-edição-dos-transformadores" class="table-of-contents__link">Formulário de edição dos transformadores</a><ul><li><a href="#geral" class="table-of-contents__link">Geral</a></li><li><a href="#falta" class="table-of-contents__link">Falta</a></li><li><a href="#botão-estabilidade" class="table-of-contents__link">Botão Estabilidade</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"}),"Unicode"),"."),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-nominal"},"Pot\xeancia nominal"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Pot\xeancia nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA."),Object(n.b)("p",null,'Esse campo \xe9 especialmente importante caso a op\xe7\xe3o "Utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal como base" esteja marcada.'),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-ativa-e-reativa"},"Pot\xeancias ativa e reativa"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Pot\xeancias ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou ",Object(n.b)("span",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{className:"math 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considerado uma ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"load"}),"carga de pot\xeancia constante")," no estudo de ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"powerFlow"}),"fluxo de carga"),"."),Object(n.b)("p",{parentName:"div"},"A n\xe3o utiliza\xe7\xe3o dessa op\xe7\xe3o poder\xe1 gerar erros de regime permamente no estudo de ",Object(n.b)("a",Object(s.a)({parentName:"p"},{href:"stability"}),"estabilidade"),"."))),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base\nCaso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a pot\xeancia base do sistema."),Object(n.b)("hr",null),Object(n.b)("h3",{id:"estabilidade"},"Estabilidade"),Object(n.b)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-de-indu\xe7\xe3o"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o"),Object(n.b)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do 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property="og:description" content="Power System Platform"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.f5edeef9.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.ac7e00e7.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/1.8291ad98.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/2.2411bc44.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/ece76bd1.5c9de6f1.js" as="script"> @@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),n=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();null!==n?t(n):e.matches&&t("dark")}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"> <nav class="navbar navbar--light navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><div aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></div><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a><div class="react-toggle react-toggle--disabled displayOnlyInLargeViewport_1gtM"><div class="react-toggle-track"><div class="react-toggle-track-check"><span class="toggle_keGJ moon_1gwN"></span></div><div class="react-toggle-track-x"><span class="toggle_keGJ sun_3CPA"></span></div></div><div class="react-toggle-thumb"></div><input type="checkbox" disabled="" aria-label="Dark mode toggle" class="react-toggle-screenreader-only"></div><div class="navbar__search"><div class="searchWrapper_-F3-"><span aria-label="expand searchbar" role="button" class="searchIconButton_1Dnz" tabindex="0"></span><input type="search" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" class="navbar__search-input searchInput_2eto"></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/PSP/"><img class="navbar__logo" src="/PSP/img/logo.svg" alt="PSP-UFU logo"><strong class="navbar__title">PSP-UFU</strong></a></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/PSP/blog">Changelog</a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link">PSP-UFU Source Code</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper"><header class="hero hero--primary heroBanner_2Ftp"><div class="container"><h1 class="hero__title">PSP-UFU</h1><p class="hero__subtitle">Power System Platform of Federal University of Uberlândia</p><p><center><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=thales1330&repo=psp&type=star&count=true&size=large" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="130" height="30" title="GitHub"></iframe></center></p><div class="buttons_1Wc3"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="button button--outline button--secondary button--lg" to="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/releases/latest">Download</a></div><div class="buttons_1Wc3"><a class="button button--outline button--secondary button--lg" href="/PSP/docs/">User Guide</a></div><div class="buttons_1Wc3"><a href="https://minhaskamal.github.io/DownGit/#/home?url=https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/Project/data/samples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="button button--outline button--secondary button--lg" to="https://minhaskamal.github.io/DownGit/#/home?url=https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/Project/data/samples">Samples</a></div></div></header><main><section class="features_P2SU"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col col--4"><div class="text--center"><img class="featureImage_3Xqx" src="/PSP/img/complete-platform.svg" alt="[object Object]"></div><h3>Complete Platform</h3><p>PSP-UFU is a <b>cross-platform</b>, <b>multilingual</b>, <b>Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS)</b> with <b>advanced GUI (Graphical User Interface)</b> features and <b>CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tools</b> for electrical power system studies.</p></div><div class="col col--4"><div class="text--center"><img class="featureImage_3Xqx" src="/PSP/img/advanced-cad.svg" alt="[object Object]"></div><h3>Advanced CAD Features</h3><p>The software allows the construction of any electric <b>transmission network</b> and <b>control systems</b> through the deployment of visual elements.</p></div><div class="col col--4"><div class="text--center"><img class="featureImage_3Xqx" src="/PSP/img/visualization.svg" alt="[object Object]"></div><h3>Easy Visualization</h3><p>For the visualization of results, the program offers linked text elements in the main screen, voltage heatmap display, and also table and graph editors.</p></div><div class="col col--4"><div class="text--center"><img class="featureImage_3Xqx" src="/PSP/img/application.svg" alt="[object Object]"></div><h3>Application</h3><p>The PSP-UFU aims to provide efficient computer simulation tools for <b>research</b> and <b>education</b> purposes, in addition to <b>industrial applications</b> in electrical power systems.</p></div></div></div></section><div class="container"><h2>Studies Performed</h2></div><section class="features_P2SU"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col col--4"><h3>Power Flow</h3><ul><li>Newton-Raphson</li><li>Gauss-Seidel</li><li>Hybrid Newton-Gauss</li><li>Three-phase induction motors included</li></ul></div><div class="col col--4"><h3>Short-Circuit calculation</h3><ul><li>Balanced</li><li>Unbalanced</li><li>Short-Circuit power in all system buses</li></ul></div><div class="col col--4"><h3>Harmonics</h3><ul><li>Harmonic voltages and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) calculation</li><li>Frequency scan</li></ul></div><div class="col col--4"><h3>Transient and Dynamic Stability</h3><ul><li>Several synchronous machine models automatically selected</li><li>Three-phase induction motors</li><li>User-defined machine controls, exciters and prime moves created using block diagrams (Exciters, AVR, PSS, Hydro and Thermal turbines, Speed Governor, etc.)</li></ul></div></div></div></section><div class="container"><h2>Published Papers</h2>Further details can be found in the published papers:<blockquote cite="https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12185">Oliveira, T. L., Guimarães, G. C., & Silva, L. R. C. (2019). PSP-UFU: An open-source, graphical, and multiplatform software for power system studies. <i>International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems</i>, e12185. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12185">10.1002/2050-7038.12185</a></blockquote><blockquote cite="https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720919879058">Oliveira, T. L., Guimarães, G. C., Silva, L. R., & Rezende, J. O. (2019). Power system education and research applications using free and open-source, graphical and multiplatform PSP-UFU software. <i>The International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education</i>, 0020720919879058. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720919879058">10.1177/0020720919879058</a></blockquote></div><div class="container"><h2>Code Documentation</h2><p>All detailed descriptions of the source-code can be found at <b><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Online Documentation</a></b>, generated by <a href="http://www.doxygen.org/">Doxygen</a>.</p></div><div class="container"><h2>Screenshots</h2><center><iframe src="gallery.html" style="position:relative;width:100%;height:56.25vw;display:block;overflow:hidden;border:none">Your browser doesn’t support the this feature.</iframe></center></div></main></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Guide</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/PSP/docs/">PSP-UFU Guide</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item" to="https://thales1330.github.io/PSP/doxygen/html/index.html">Code Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Community</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ask a question</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/PspUfu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><h4 class="footer__title">Site Image Credit</h4><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Images designed by upklyak / slidesgo / macrovector / Freepik</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="text--center"><div>Copyright © 2020 Thales Lima Oliveira. 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t=/\b(?:abstract|continue|for|new|switch|assert|default|goto|package|synchronized|boolean|do|if|private|this|break|double|implements|protected|throw|byte|else|import|public|throws|case|enum|instanceof|return|transient|catch|extends|int|short|try|char|final|interface|static|void|class|finally|long|strictfp|volatile|const|float|native|super|while|var|null|exports|module|open|opens|provides|requires|to|transitive|uses|with)\b/,n=/\b[A-Z](?:\w*[a-z]\w*)?\b/;e.languages.java=e.languages.extend("clike",{"class-name":[n,/\b[A-Z]\w*(?=\s+\w+\s*[;,=())])/],keyword:t,function:[e.languages.clike.function,{pattern:/(\:\:)[a-z_]\w*/,lookbehind:!0}],number:/\b0b[01][01_]*L?\b|\b0x[\da-f_]*\.?[\da-f_p+-]+\b|(?:\b\d[\d_]*\.?[\d_]*|\B\.\d[\d_]*)(?:e[+-]?\d[\d_]*)?[dfl]?/i,operator:{pattern:/(^|[^.])(?:<<=?|>>>?=?|->|([-+&|])\2|[?:~]|[-+*/%&|^!=<>]=?)/m,lookbehind:!0}}),e.languages.insertBefore("java","class-name",{annotation:{alias:"punctuation",pattern:/(^|[^.])@\w+/,lookbehind:!0},namespace:{pattern:/(\b(?:exports|import(?:\s+static)?|module|open|opens|package|provides|requires|to|transitive|uses|with)\s+)[a-z]\w*(\.[a-z]\w*)+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}},generics:{pattern:/<(?:[\w\s,.&?]|<(?:[\w\s,.&?]|<(?:[\w\s,.&?]|<[\w\s,.&?]*>)*>)*>)*>/,inside:{"class-name":n,keyword:t,punctuation:/[<>(),.:]/,operator:/[?&|]/}}})}(i),function(e){function t(e,t){return"___"+e.toUpperCase()+t+"___"}Object.defineProperties(e.languages["markup-templating"]={},{buildPlaceholders:{value:function(n,r,o,a){if(n.language===r){var i=n.tokenStack=[];n.code=n.code.replace(o,(function(e){if("function"==typeof a&&!a(e))return e;for(var o,l=i.length;-1!==n.code.indexOf(o=t(r,l));)++l;return i[l]=e,o})),n.grammar=e.languages.markup}}},tokenizePlaceholders:{value:function(n,r){if(n.language===r&&n.tokenStack){n.grammar=e.languages[r];var o=0,a=Object.keys(n.tokenStack);!function i(l){for(var u=0;u<l.length&&!(o>=a.length);u++){var s=l[u];if("string"==typeof s||s.content&&"string"==typeof s.content){var c=a[o],f=n.tokenStack[c],d="string"==typeof s?s:s.content,p=t(r,c),m=d.indexOf(p);if(m>-1){++o;var h=d.substring(0,m),g=new e.Token(r,e.tokenize(f,n.grammar),"language-"+r,f),b=d.substring(m+p.length),v=[];h&&v.push.apply(v,i([h])),v.push(g),b&&v.push.apply(v,i([b])),"string"==typeof s?l.splice.apply(l,[u,1].concat(v)):s.content=v}}else 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l}(n.tokens)}}}})}(i),function(e){e.languages.php=e.languages.extend("clike",{keyword:/\b(?:__halt_compiler|abstract|and|array|as|break|callable|case|catch|class|clone|const|continue|declare|default|die|do|echo|else|elseif|empty|enddeclare|endfor|endforeach|endif|endswitch|endwhile|eval|exit|extends|final|finally|for|foreach|function|global|goto|if|implements|include|include_once|instanceof|insteadof|interface|isset|list|namespace|new|or|parent|print|private|protected|public|require|require_once|return|static|switch|throw|trait|try|unset|use|var|while|xor|yield)\b/i,boolean:{pattern:/\b(?:false|true)\b/i,alias:"constant"},constant:[/\b[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*\b/,/\b(?:null)\b/i],comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])(?:\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/|\/\/.*)/,lookbehind:!0}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","string",{"shell-comment":{pattern:/(^|[^\\])#.*/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"comment"}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","comment",{delimiter:{pattern:/\?>$|^<\?(?:php(?=\s)|=)?/i,alias:"important"}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","keyword",{variable:/\$+(?:\w+\b|(?={))/i,package:{pattern:/(\\|namespace\s+|use\s+)[\w\\]+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\\/}}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","operator",{property:{pattern:/(->)[\w]+/,lookbehind:!0}});var t={pattern:/{\$(?:{(?:{[^{}]+}|[^{}]+)}|[^{}])+}|(^|[^\\{])\$+(?:\w+(?:\[.+?]|->\w+)*)/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{rest:e.languages.php}};e.languages.insertBefore("php","string",{"nowdoc-string":{pattern:/<<<'([^']+)'(?:\r\n?|\n)(?:.*(?:\r\n?|\n))*?\1;/,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{delimiter:{pattern:/^<<<'[^']+'|[a-z_]\w*;$/i,alias:"symbol",inside:{punctuation:/^<<<'?|[';]$/}}}},"heredoc-string":{pattern:/<<<(?:"([^"]+)"(?:\r\n?|\n)(?:.*(?:\r\n?|\n))*?\1;|([a-z_]\w*)(?:\r\n?|\n)(?:.*(?:\r\n?|\n))*?\2;)/i,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{delimiter:{pattern:/^<<<(?:"[^"]+"|[a-z_]\w*)|[a-z_]\w*;$/i,alias:"symbol",inside:{punctuation:/^<<<"?|[";]$/}},interpolation:t}},"single-quoted-string":{pattern:/'(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\'])*'/,greedy:!0,alias:"string"},"double-quoted-string":{pattern:/"(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\"])*"/,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{interpolation:t}}}),delete e.languages.php.string,e.hooks.add("before-tokenize",(function(t){if(/<\?/.test(t.code)){e.languages["markup-templating"].buildPlaceholders(t,"php",/<\?(?:[^"'/#]|\/(?![*/])|("|')(?:\\[\s\S]|(?!\1)[^\\])*\1|(?:\/\/|#)(?:[^?\n\r]|\?(?!>))*|\/\*[\s\S]*?(?:\*\/|$))*?(?:\?>|$)/gi)}})),e.hooks.add("after-tokenize",(function(t){e.languages["markup-templating"].tokenizePlaceholders(t,"php")}))}(i),function(e){var t=e.languages.javascript,n=/{(?:[^{}]|{(?:[^{}]|{[^{}]*})*})+}/.source,r="(@(?:param|arg|argument|property)\\s+(?:"+n+"\\s+)?)";e.languages.jsdoc=e.languages.extend("javadoclike",{parameter:{pattern:RegExp(r+/[$\w\xA0-\uFFFF.]+(?=\s|$)/.source),lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}}}),e.languages.insertBefore("jsdoc","keyword",{"optional-parameter":{pattern:RegExp(r+/\[[$\w\xA0-\uFFFF.]+(?:=[^[\]]+)?\](?=\s|$)/.source),lookbehind:!0,inside:{parameter:{pattern:/(^\[)[$\w\xA0-\uFFFF\.]+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}},code:{pattern:/(=)[\s\S]*(?=\]$)/,lookbehind:!0,inside:t,alias:"language-javascript"},punctuation:/[=[\]]/}},"class-name":[{pattern:RegExp("(@[a-z]+\\s+)"+n),lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/[.,:?=<>|{}()[\]]/}},{pattern:/(@(?:augments|extends|class|interface|memberof!?|this)\s+)[A-Z]\w*(?:\.[A-Z]\w*)*/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}}],example:{pattern:/(@example\s+)[^@]+?(?=\s*(?:\*\s*)?(?:@\w|\*\/))/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{code:{pattern:/^(\s*(?:\*\s*)?).+$/m,lookbehind:!0,inside:t,alias:"language-javascript"}}}}),e.languages.javadoclike.addSupport("javascript",e.languages.jsdoc)}(i),i.languages.actionscript=i.languages.extend("javascript",{keyword:/\b(?:as|break|case|catch|class|const|default|delete|do|else|extends|finally|for|function|if|implements|import|in|instanceof|interface|internal|is|native|new|null|package|private|protected|public|return|super|switch|this|throw|try|typeof|use|var|void|while|with|dynamic|each|final|get|include|namespace|native|override|set|static)\b/,operator:/\+\+|--|(?:[+\-*\/%^]|&&?|\|\|?|<<?|>>?>?|[!=]=?)=?|[~?@]/}),i.languages.actionscript["class-name"].alias="function",i.languages.markup&&i.languages.insertBefore("actionscript","string",{xml:{pattern:/(^|[^.])<\/?\w+(?:\s+[^\s>\/=]+=("|')(?:\\[\s\S]|(?!\2)[^\\])*\2)*\s*\/?>/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{rest:i.languages.markup}}}),function(e){var t=/#(?!\{).+/,n={pattern:/#\{[^}]+\}/,alias:"variable"};e.languages.coffeescript=e.languages.extend("javascript",{comment:t,string:[{pattern:/'(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\'])*'/,greedy:!0},{pattern:/"(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\"])*"/,greedy:!0,inside:{interpolation:n}}],keyword:/\b(?:and|break|by|catch|class|continue|debugger|delete|do|each|else|extend|extends|false|finally|for|if|in|instanceof|is|isnt|let|loop|namespace|new|no|not|null|of|off|on|or|own|return|super|switch|then|this|throw|true|try|typeof|undefined|unless|until|when|while|window|with|yes|yield)\b/,"class-member":{pattern:/@(?!\d)\w+/,alias:"variable"}}),e.languages.insertBefore("coffeescript","comment",{"multiline-comment":{pattern:/###[\s\S]+?###/,alias:"comment"},"block-regex":{pattern:/\/{3}[\s\S]*?\/{3}/,alias:"regex",inside:{comment:t,interpolation:n}}}),e.languages.insertBefore("coffeescript","string",{"inline-javascript":{pattern:/`(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\`])*`/,inside:{delimiter:{pattern:/^`|`$/,alias:"punctuation"},rest:e.languages.javascript}},"multiline-string":[{pattern:/'''[\s\S]*?'''/,greedy:!0,alias:"string"},{pattern:/"""[\s\S]*?"""/,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{interpolation:n}}]}),e.languages.insertBefore("coffeescript","keyword",{property:/(?!\d)\w+(?=\s*:(?!:))/}),delete 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t=/\b(?:abstract|continue|for|new|switch|assert|default|goto|package|synchronized|boolean|do|if|private|this|break|double|implements|protected|throw|byte|else|import|public|throws|case|enum|instanceof|return|transient|catch|extends|int|short|try|char|final|interface|static|void|class|finally|long|strictfp|volatile|const|float|native|super|while|var|null|exports|module|open|opens|provides|requires|to|transitive|uses|with)\b/,n=/\b[A-Z](?:\w*[a-z]\w*)?\b/;e.languages.java=e.languages.extend("clike",{"class-name":[n,/\b[A-Z]\w*(?=\s+\w+\s*[;,=())])/],keyword:t,function:[e.languages.clike.function,{pattern:/(\:\:)[a-z_]\w*/,lookbehind:!0}],number:/\b0b[01][01_]*L?\b|\b0x[\da-f_]*\.?[\da-f_p+-]+\b|(?:\b\d[\d_]*\.?[\d_]*|\B\.\d[\d_]*)(?:e[+-]?\d[\d_]*)?[dfl]?/i,operator:{pattern:/(^|[^.])(?:<<=?|>>>?=?|->|([-+&|])\2|[?:~]|[-+*/%&|^!=<>]=?)/m,lookbehind:!0}}),e.languages.insertBefore("java","class-name",{annotation:{alias:"punctuation",pattern:/(^|[^.])@\w+/,lookbehind:!0},namespace:{pattern:/(\b(?:exports|import(?:\s+static)?|module|open|opens|package|provides|requires|to|transitive|uses|with)\s+)[a-z]\w*(\.[a-z]\w*)+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}},generics:{pattern:/<(?:[\w\s,.&?]|<(?:[\w\s,.&?]|<(?:[\w\s,.&?]|<[\w\s,.&?]*>)*>)*>)*>/,inside:{"class-name":n,keyword:t,punctuation:/[<>(),.:]/,operator:/[?&|]/}}})}(i),function(e){function t(e,t){return"___"+e.toUpperCase()+t+"___"}Object.defineProperties(e.languages["markup-templating"]={},{buildPlaceholders:{value:function(n,r,o,a){if(n.language===r){var i=n.tokenStack=[];n.code=n.code.replace(o,(function(e){if("function"==typeof a&&!a(e))return e;for(var o,l=i.length;-1!==n.code.indexOf(o=t(r,l));)++l;return i[l]=e,o})),n.grammar=e.languages.markup}}},tokenizePlaceholders:{value:function(n,r){if(n.language===r&&n.tokenStack){n.grammar=e.languages[r];var o=0,a=Object.keys(n.tokenStack);!function i(l){for(var u=0;u<l.length&&!(o>=a.length);u++){var s=l[u];if("string"==typeof s||s.content&&"string"==typeof s.content){var c=a[o],f=n.tokenStack[c],d="string"==typeof s?s:s.content,p=t(r,c),m=d.indexOf(p);if(m>-1){++o;var h=d.substring(0,m),g=new e.Token(r,e.tokenize(f,n.grammar),"language-"+r,f),b=d.substring(m+p.length),v=[];h&&v.push.apply(v,i([h])),v.push(g),b&&v.push.apply(v,i([b])),"string"==typeof s?l.splice.apply(l,[u,1].concat(v)):s.content=v}}else 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l}(n.tokens)}}}})}(i),function(e){e.languages.php=e.languages.extend("clike",{keyword:/\b(?:__halt_compiler|abstract|and|array|as|break|callable|case|catch|class|clone|const|continue|declare|default|die|do|echo|else|elseif|empty|enddeclare|endfor|endforeach|endif|endswitch|endwhile|eval|exit|extends|final|finally|for|foreach|function|global|goto|if|implements|include|include_once|instanceof|insteadof|interface|isset|list|namespace|new|or|parent|print|private|protected|public|require|require_once|return|static|switch|throw|trait|try|unset|use|var|while|xor|yield)\b/i,boolean:{pattern:/\b(?:false|true)\b/i,alias:"constant"},constant:[/\b[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*\b/,/\b(?:null)\b/i],comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])(?:\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/|\/\/.*)/,lookbehind:!0}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","string",{"shell-comment":{pattern:/(^|[^\\])#.*/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"comment"}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","comment",{delimiter:{pattern:/\?>$|^<\?(?:php(?=\s)|=)?/i,alias:"important"}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","keyword",{variable:/\$+(?:\w+\b|(?={))/i,package:{pattern:/(\\|namespace\s+|use\s+)[\w\\]+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\\/}}}),e.languages.insertBefore("php","operator",{property:{pattern:/(->)[\w]+/,lookbehind:!0}});var t={pattern:/{\$(?:{(?:{[^{}]+}|[^{}]+)}|[^{}])+}|(^|[^\\{])\$+(?:\w+(?:\[.+?]|->\w+)*)/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{rest:e.languages.php}};e.languages.insertBefore("php","string",{"nowdoc-string":{pattern:/<<<'([^']+)'(?:\r\n?|\n)(?:.*(?:\r\n?|\n))*?\1;/,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{delimiter:{pattern:/^<<<'[^']+'|[a-z_]\w*;$/i,alias:"symbol",inside:{punctuation:/^<<<'?|[';]$/}}}},"heredoc-string":{pattern:/<<<(?:"([^"]+)"(?:\r\n?|\n)(?:.*(?:\r\n?|\n))*?\1;|([a-z_]\w*)(?:\r\n?|\n)(?:.*(?:\r\n?|\n))*?\2;)/i,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{delimiter:{pattern:/^<<<(?:"[^"]+"|[a-z_]\w*)|[a-z_]\w*;$/i,alias:"symbol",inside:{punctuation:/^<<<"?|[";]$/}},interpolation:t}},"single-quoted-string":{pattern:/'(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\'])*'/,greedy:!0,alias:"string"},"double-quoted-string":{pattern:/"(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\"])*"/,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{interpolation:t}}}),delete e.languages.php.string,e.hooks.add("before-tokenize",(function(t){if(/<\?/.test(t.code)){e.languages["markup-templating"].buildPlaceholders(t,"php",/<\?(?:[^"'/#]|\/(?![*/])|("|')(?:\\[\s\S]|(?!\1)[^\\])*\1|(?:\/\/|#)(?:[^?\n\r]|\?(?!>))*|\/\*[\s\S]*?(?:\*\/|$))*?(?:\?>|$)/gi)}})),e.hooks.add("after-tokenize",(function(t){e.languages["markup-templating"].tokenizePlaceholders(t,"php")}))}(i),function(e){var t=e.languages.javascript,n=/{(?:[^{}]|{(?:[^{}]|{[^{}]*})*})+}/.source,r="(@(?:param|arg|argument|property)\\s+(?:"+n+"\\s+)?)";e.languages.jsdoc=e.languages.extend("javadoclike",{parameter:{pattern:RegExp(r+/[$\w\xA0-\uFFFF.]+(?=\s|$)/.source),lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}}}),e.languages.insertBefore("jsdoc","keyword",{"optional-parameter":{pattern:RegExp(r+/\[[$\w\xA0-\uFFFF.]+(?:=[^[\]]+)?\](?=\s|$)/.source),lookbehind:!0,inside:{parameter:{pattern:/(^\[)[$\w\xA0-\uFFFF\.]+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}},code:{pattern:/(=)[\s\S]*(?=\]$)/,lookbehind:!0,inside:t,alias:"language-javascript"},punctuation:/[=[\]]/}},"class-name":[{pattern:RegExp("(@[a-z]+\\s+)"+n),lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/[.,:?=<>|{}()[\]]/}},{pattern:/(@(?:augments|extends|class|interface|memberof!?|this)\s+)[A-Z]\w*(?:\.[A-Z]\w*)*/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\./}}],example:{pattern:/(@example\s+)[^@]+?(?=\s*(?:\*\s*)?(?:@\w|\*\/))/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{code:{pattern:/^(\s*(?:\*\s*)?).+$/m,lookbehind:!0,inside:t,alias:"language-javascript"}}}}),e.languages.javadoclike.addSupport("javascript",e.languages.jsdoc)}(i),i.languages.actionscript=i.languages.extend("javascript",{keyword:/\b(?:as|break|case|catch|class|const|default|delete|do|else|extends|finally|for|function|if|implements|import|in|instanceof|interface|internal|is|native|new|null|package|private|protected|public|return|super|switch|this|throw|try|typeof|use|var|void|while|with|dynamic|each|final|get|include|namespace|native|override|set|static)\b/,operator:/\+\+|--|(?:[+\-*\/%^]|&&?|\|\|?|<<?|>>?>?|[!=]=?)=?|[~?@]/}),i.languages.actionscript["class-name"].alias="function",i.languages.markup&&i.languages.insertBefore("actionscript","string",{xml:{pattern:/(^|[^.])<\/?\w+(?:\s+[^\s>\/=]+=("|')(?:\\[\s\S]|(?!\2)[^\\])*\2)*\s*\/?>/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{rest:i.languages.markup}}}),function(e){var t=/#(?!\{).+/,n={pattern:/#\{[^}]+\}/,alias:"variable"};e.languages.coffeescript=e.languages.extend("javascript",{comment:t,string:[{pattern:/'(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\'])*'/,greedy:!0},{pattern:/"(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\"])*"/,greedy:!0,inside:{interpolation:n}}],keyword:/\b(?:and|break|by|catch|class|continue|debugger|delete|do|each|else|extend|extends|false|finally|for|if|in|instanceof|is|isnt|let|loop|namespace|new|no|not|null|of|off|on|or|own|return|super|switch|then|this|throw|true|try|typeof|undefined|unless|until|when|while|window|with|yes|yield)\b/,"class-member":{pattern:/@(?!\d)\w+/,alias:"variable"}}),e.languages.insertBefore("coffeescript","comment",{"multiline-comment":{pattern:/###[\s\S]+?###/,alias:"comment"},"block-regex":{pattern:/\/{3}[\s\S]*?\/{3}/,alias:"regex",inside:{comment:t,interpolation:n}}}),e.languages.insertBefore("coffeescript","string",{"inline-javascript":{pattern:/`(?:\\[\s\S]|[^\\`])*`/,inside:{delimiter:{pattern:/^`|`$/,alias:"punctuation"},rest:e.languages.javascript}},"multiline-string":[{pattern:/'''[\s\S]*?'''/,greedy:!0,alias:"string"},{pattern:/"""[\s\S]*?"""/,greedy:!0,alias:"string",inside:{interpolation:n}}]}),e.languages.insertBefore("coffeescript","keyword",{property:/(?!\d)\w+(?=\s*:(?!:))/}),delete 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/search/index.html b/docs/search/index.html index a610c14..cc1f735 100644 --- a/docs/search/index.html +++ b/docs/search/index.html @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-alpha.58"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="PSP-UFU" href="/PSP/opensearch.xml"><title data-react-helmet="true">Search the documentation | PSP-UFU</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Search the documentation | PSP-UFU"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/PSP/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/PSP/styles.4b816c1c.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/PSP/styles.72b10b68.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/runtime~main.da26d48a.js" as="script"> -<link rel="preload" href="/PSP/main.824fea7c.js" as="script"> +<link rel="preload" 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