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diff --git a/trunk/gnome2-accessibility-guide/C/low-vision.xml b/trunk/gnome2-accessibility-guide/C/low-vision.xml deleted file mode 100644 index c80ebde..0000000 --- a/trunk/gnome2-accessibility-guide/C/low-vision.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2285 +0,0 @@ -<chapter id="low-vision"> -<title>Low Vision or Blindness</title> -<para>From low vision to blindness, the range of visual limitations is broad. Symptoms of low vision include dimness, haziness, extreme far-sightedness or near-sightedness, color blindness, and tunnel vision, among others. People with these disabilities are concerned with being able to see text or images on a computer screen and being able to perform tasks that require eye-hand coordination, such as moving a computer mouse. Text size and color can make a big difference in legibility for people who have low vision.</para> -<para>The technologies that can assist those with low vision or blindness are:</para> -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para><emphasis>Screen Magnifier</emphasis> - this is like a magnifying glass. People using them are able to control what area of the computer screen they want enlarged, and can move that focus to view different areas of the screen. They are also known as screen enlargers or large print programs.</para></listitem> -<listitem><para><emphasis>Screen Reader</emphasis> - this makes on-screen information available as synthesized speech or a refreshable Braille display. They can only translate text based information. Graphics can be translated if there is alternative text describing the visual images. They are also known as blind access utilities or screen reviewers.</para></listitem> -<listitem><para><emphasis>Desktop Appearance Enhancement</emphasis> - users can configure the desktop to be easy to read, for example by increasing text size and using high contrast themes.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<section id="ats-2"> -<title>Screen Reader and Magnifier</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>Screen Reader and Magnifier</primary> -</indexterm> -<indexterm> -<primary>Orca</primary> -</indexterm> -<para>The <application>Orca Screen Reader -and Magnifier</application> application enables users with limited vision, -or no vision, to use the GNOME Desktop and associated applications. <application>Orca</application> provides the following functionality: </para> -<itemizedlist> -<listitem> -<para>Screen reader</para> -<para>The screen reader enables non-visual access to standard applications -in the GNOME Desktop, -using speech and Braille output.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Magnifier</para> -<para>The magnifier provides automated focus tracking and fullscreen magnification -to aid low-vision users.</para> -</listitem> -</itemizedlist> -<para>The following sections provide information about Orca and how to use it.</para> - <section> - <title>Introduction to Orca</title> - <section> - <title>What is Orca?</title> - <para>Orca is a flexible, extensible, and powerful assistive - technology for people with visual impairments. Using various - combinations of speech synthesis, braille, and magnification, - Orca helps provide access to applications and toolkits that - support the AT-SPI (e.g., the GNOME desktop). Orca is also - free open source software.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Why the name Orca?</title> - <para>One of the first DOS screen readers was Flipper by - Omnichron corporation in Berkeley, CA. It was named Flipper - in part because the blind wife of the programmer envisioned - computers as being programmed by flipping switches (an - accurate image of a bygone era). Then came another DOS screen - reader from Henter-Joyce in Florida - "Jobs access With - Speech" (or JAWS). Meanwhile in the UK we had the company - Dolphin systems making their own DOS screen reader.</para> - <para>While there isn't otherwise an obvious connection - between blindness and creatures from the sea, there is - certainly a long tradition around it.</para> - <para>Hence the lore is that it is just keeping with the sea - animal naming theme of screen readers. Plus, Orca is a lot - tougher sounding than Nemo, Ariel, Willy, or Mr. - Limpet.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>What's the schedule?</title> - <para>Orca is part of the GNOME platform and Orca's releases - are coupled with the releases of the GNOME platform.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do I request a new feature?</title> - <para> - <ulink url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/buglist.cgi?query=product:orca+"> - Bugs</ulink> and feature/enhancement requests (RFEs) should be - reported to the - <ulink url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org">GNOME Bug Tracking - System</ulink>. Patches are always welcome, and instructions - for creating patches can be found in the - <ulink url="http://developer.gnome.org/tools/svn.html">GNOME - introduction to Subversion (svn)</ulink>.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Where is the discussion list?</title> - <para>You can get in touch with developers and other users by - - <ulink url="mailto:orca-list@gnome.org">sending an - e-mail</ulink> to the - <ulink url="http://mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/orca-list"> - Orca mailing list</ulink> ( - <ulink url="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/orca-list"> - Archives</ulink>).</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Is braille supported?</title> - <para>Yes! Braille is supported via BrlTTY and it is - integrated well with Orca. BrlTTY offers support for nearly - every refreshable braille display known to man. Please refer - to the - <ulink url="ghelp:orca#braille">Braille page</ulink> for more - information.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Is contracted braille supported?</title> - <para>Orca currently only supports uncontracted braille. - Future support for contracted braille, however, is in our - plans. Please refer to - <ulink url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=354470"> - GNOME bug 354470</ulink> to track the progress on this - front.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>What voices are available?</title> - <para>Orca provides interfaces to both - <userinput>gnome-speech</userinput> and - <userinput>emacspeak</userinput> speech services. As such, the available - voices for Orca are only restricted by the speech engines - supported by the available speech services. For free speech - engines, you typically have a choice of the eSpeak, Festival, - and FreeTTS speech engines. For commercial engines, you have - a choice of additional engines such as Fonix DECtalk, - Loquendo, Eloquence, Cepstral, IBMTTS, and others may be on - the way soon. Keep an eye on the - <userinput>gnome-speech</userinput> package for more progress in this - area.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>What languages are supported?</title> - <para>The - <ulink url="http://l10n.gnome.org/teams">GNOME Translation - teams</ulink> are composed of many passionate volunteers from - around the world. These teams do a great job and keep an - up-to-date status report. Please see the - <ulink url="http://l10n.gnome.org/module/orca">Orca - translation status page</ulink> for the large number of - languages into which Orca has been translated. Note that the - support for a language also depends upon a speech synthesis - engine that supports the language whether BrlTTY has braille - tables for the language or not.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>How well does magnification work?</title> - <para>Orca currently uses the - <userinput>gnome-mag</userinput> magnification service. As of this - writing (GNOME 2.18), - <userinput>gnome-mag</userinput> has incorporated some support for - smoother full screen magnification, which relies upon newer - extensions in the X Window System server. These extensions do - not always function well on all platforms, so smooth full - screen magnification may not always work.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>How is web access coming along?</title> - <para>We are targeting Firefox 3 for providing compelling web - access. The work is progressing step by step and both the - Orca and Firefox teams are working feverishly to get it - done.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Using Orca</title> - <section> - <title>Initial Set-up</title> - <para>When you run Orca for the first time, it will - automatically enter setup mode. If you want to run setup at - some later point, you can pass the - <userinput>--setup</userinput> option to Orca the next time you run it. - Furthermore, while Orca is running, you can press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo> to bring up the Orca setup window. Finally, Orca - provides a text setup utility that you can start by passing - the - <userinput>--text-setup</userinput> option to Orca. All of these options - will create a - <userinput>~/.orca/user-settings.py</userinput> file that holds your - preferences and will also enable the accessibility - infrastructure. You need to log out and log back in for the - accessibility infrastructure settings to take effect.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do I run Orca?</title> - <para>Run Orca by typing - <userinput>orca</userinput>into a Terminal. You can do so - from a virtual console window if you do not yet have access - to the GUI. Orca will automatically enter text setup mode if - you run it from a virtual console window or your GUI - environment is not yet set up for accessibility.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Quitting Orca</title> - <para>To quit orca, press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Q</keycap> - </keycombo>. A confirmation dialog will appear. Select "yes" - to quit. If the system seems unresponsive, you can do a - couple things:</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Run - <userinput>orca --quit</userinput> from a terminal window, such as a - virtual console (press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>F1</keycap> - </keycombo> on most Linux platforms to get to a virtual - console and then - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>F7</keycap> - </keycombo> to get back to the desktop). This will kill - orca and clean up after it. You can then rerun orca using - the Orca command.</para> - <para>Press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>Backspace</keycap> - </keycombo> to kill your login session and get back to the - graphical login prompt.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Customizing Orca</title> - <section> - <title>How do I define my own keybindings?</title> - <para>You can currently redefine your key bindings for Orca - in two main ways. The first way is to be able to choose - between the destkop and laptop layouts, which can be selected - on the "General" page of the Orca Configuration GUI (press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo> to bring up the Orca preferences GUI). For - finer-grained control, you can also redefine indivual key - bindings on the "Key Bindings" page of the Orca Configuration - GUI.</para> - <note> - <para>The remainder of this answer might be out of - date.</para> - </note> - <para>Here's an example you can add to your - <userinput>~/.orca/user-settings.py</userinput> file. It sets up a - global keybinding for - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>T</keycap> - </keycombo> ( - <keycap>Insert</keycap> is the Orca modifier) to speak and - braille "Hello World."</para> - <screen> -<![CDATA[# Set up custom keybindings. -import orca.braille -import orca.input_event -import orca.keybindings -import orca.orca -import orca.speech -from orca.orca_i18n import _ -def sayHello(script, inputEvent=None): - message = _("Hello World") - # Say/braille something. - # - orca.speech.speak(message) - orca.braille.displayMessage(message) - # Consume the event so it will not go to an application. - # - return True -sayHelloHandler = orca.input_event.InputEventHandler( - sayHello, - _("Says hello to this fine world.")) -myKeyBindings = orca.keybindings.KeyBindings() -myKeyBindings.add(orca.keybindings.KeyBinding( - "t", - 1 << orca.settings.MODIFIER_ORCA, - 1 << orca.settings.MODIFIER_ORCA, - sayHelloHandler)) -orca.settings.keyBindingsMap["default"] = myKeyBindings -]]> -</screen> - </section> - <section> - <title>Use a keyboard command to make Orca speak or braille - the current date and time</title> - <para>Place the following lines in - <userinput>~/.orca/orca-customizations.py</userinput>. If this file - does not exist, create it.</para> - <screen> -<![CDATA[import orca.input_event -import orca.keybindings -import orca.orca -import orca.speech -import orca.braille -import re -]]> -<![CDATA[ -myKeyBindings = orca.keybindings.KeyBindings() -]]> -<![CDATA[ -def sayTime(script, inputEvent=None): - import time - message = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()) - orca.speech.speak(message) - orca.braille.displayMessage(message) - return True -]]> -<![CDATA[ -sayTimeHandler = orca.input_event.InputEventHandler( - sayTime, - "Presents the time.") -]]> -<![CDATA[ -myKeyBindings.add(orca.keybindings.KeyBinding( - "d", - 1 << orca.settings.MODIFIER_ORCA, - 1 << orca.settings.MODIFIER_ORCA, - sayTimeHandler)) -]]> -<![CDATA[ -orca.settings.keyBindingsMap["default"] = myKeyBindings -]]> -</screen> - <para>Note that in this case - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>D</keycap> - </keycombo> will be used to report current information about - the time and date.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>How do I set up my own custom script area?</title> - <para>The short answer is that if you create an empty - <userinput>~/.orca/orca-scripts/__init__.py</userinput> and place your - custom scripts in - <userinput>~/.orca/orca-scripts</userinput>, Orca will pick up any - scripts from there before looking in the installed - area.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Orca Configuration GUI</title> - <para>The Orca Configuration GUI allows you to customize the - behavior and features of Orca, such as speech, braille, and - magnification. For example, you can select which speech - synthesis engine you want to use, whether braille is enabled - or not, and which magnification preferences you want. You can - select which general keyboard layout you want (desktop or - laptop) and you can also examine and modify the existing - keyboard layout with fine grained control. To bring up the - Orca Configuration GUI, press - <keycombo> - <keycap><ORCA MODIFIER></keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo>, where - <userinput><ORCA MODIFIER></userinput> is - <keycap>Insert</keycap> when you use the desktop key bindings, - and - <keycap>Caps Lock</keycap> when you use the laptop key - bindings.</para> - <para>The Orca Configuration GUI is a multi-page dialog - containing several sections, each of which is described in - the following sections.</para> - <section> - <title>General Page</title> - <para>The "General" page allows you to customize general - aspects of Orca. These include the following:</para> - <section> - <title>Keyboard layout</title> - <para>The keyboard layout section allows you to specify - if you will be working on a laptop (small) or desktop - (large, with a numeric keypad) keyboard. You select which - layout you want by selecting one of the following - option:</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Desktop - if selected, the Desktop Keyboard - Layout will be used.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Laptop - if selected, the Laptop Keyboard - Layout will be used</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </section> - <section> - <title>Show Orca main window</title> - <para>The Orca main window provides you with a graphical - way to display the Orca Configuration GUI (also - obtainable via - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo>) and to quit Orca (also achievable via - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Q</keycap> - </keycombo>). Many users do not like the Orca main window - because it shows up in the window manager's tab order - when you press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>Tab</keycap> - </keycombo> to switch windows. By deselecting the "Show - Orca main window" button, you can tell Orca to not show - the Orca main window.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Quit Orca without Confirmation</title> - <para>Normally, when you press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Q</keycap> - </keycombo> to quit Orca or press the - <guibutton>Quit</guibutton>button in the Orca main - window, Orca will pop up a confirmation dialog asking you - if you want to quit. Unchecking this option prevents the - confirmation window from appearing.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Disable gksu keyboard grab</title> - <para>When running system administration commands from - the launch menu, many distributions use an application - known as - <application>gksu</application>to authorize the user to - run these commands ( - <application>gksu</application>is the GUI that asks you - for your password). When it runs, - <application>gksu</application>enables what is known as a - "keyboard grab," which is a feature to prevent keyboard - actions from going to any other application on the - desktop, including Orca. The result of a keyboard grab is - that Orca will not receive any keyboard events, - preventing Orca from functioning normally.</para> - <para>By selecting the - <guibutton>Disable gksu keyboard grab</guibutton>button, - you will turn off the keyboard grab behavior, allowing - Orca to functional normally with system administration - applications.</para> - <note> - <para>The keyboard grab is a security attempt by - <application>gksu</application>to prevent nefarious - applications from "sniffing" the keyboard and obtaining - your password. Please be advised that disabling - <application>gksu</application>'s keyboard grab feature - can expose you to such nefarious behavior.</para> - <para>If you do not feel comfortable with this, you can - always use the root account for system administration - purposes. To do so, you need to enable the root account - for login, and the logout and log back in as root - whenever you want to perform a system administration - command.</para> - </note> - </section> - <section> - <title>Present tooltips</title> - <para>When checked, this option will tell Orca to present - information about tooltips when they appear as the result - of mouse hovering. Specific actions to force tooltips to - appear, such as pressing - <keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>F1</keycap> - </keycombo> when an object has focus, will always result - in tooltips being presented, regardless of this - setting.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Speech Page</title> - <para>The speech page allows you to customize how Orca uses - speech synthesis.</para> - <section> - <title>Enable speech</title> - <para>The first control of note on the speech page is the - - <guilabel>enable speech</guilabel> check box. This check - box toggles whether or not Orca will make use of a speech - synthesizer. This option, along with the ability to - enable braille and enable magnifier support, allow Orca - to be tailored to meet the needs of a wide variety of - users.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Speech System and Speech Synthesizer</title> - <para>The next two controls deal with selecting the - speech system and synthesizer. Orca provides support for - a growing number of speech systems. At the time of this - writing, these include GNOME-speech, Emacspeak, and an - experimental backend for Speech Dispatcher. Depending - upon how your machine is configured, you may have all or - none of these options. Typically, you will have just - GNOME-speech.</para> - <para>First, determine which speech system you would like - to use - GNOME-speech works best at this time. After - making your selection, tab to the speech synthesizer - combo box and choose from the list of available - synthesizers.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Voice Settings</title> - <para>If your synthesizer supports it, Orca can utilize - multiple voices in order to identify special cases within - an application, such as hyperlinks or upper case text. - The voice settings and person combo boxes can be adjusted - to customize these settings to your liking. For example, - assume you were using Fonix DECtalk and wanted the betty - voice to denote upper case. To accomplish this, you could - do the following:</para> - <orderedlist numeration='arabic'> - <listitem> - <para>Tab to the voice settings combo box, and down - arrow until the upper case voice is selected.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Tab to the person combo box, and down arrow to - choose the Betty voice.</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - <para>The next three sliders in the tab order allow - adjustment of the synthesizer's rate, pitch and volume - respectively.</para> - <para>Note that you can quickly raise/lower the pitch by - pressing - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Up Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo> and - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Down Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo>. You can also modify the speaking rate by - pressing - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Left Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo> and - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Right Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo>.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Punctuation Level</title> - <para>The - <guilabel>punctuation level</guilabel> radio button group - is used to adjust the amount of punctuation spoken by the - synthesizer . The available levels are none, some, most, - and all.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Verbosity</title> - <para>The verbosity setting determines the amount of - information that will be spoken in certain situations. - For example, if it is set to verbose, the synthesizer - will speak shortcut keys for items in pull down menus. - When it is set to brief, these shortcut keys are not - announced.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Table Row Speech</title> - <para>The table row speech option determines the way in - which Orca will read items within tables. The available - settings are speak current row, or speak current cell. - The ability to adjust this behavior can be useful in many - situations. For example, consider the process of browsing - email messages in Evolution. In this instance it may be - preferable to set table speech to current row, so that - while arrowing through the list of messages, all relevant - info, such as the sender, subject, and whether the - message has attachments is read automatically. While the - current row setting is active, it is still possible to - read individual cells by using the left and right - arrows.</para> - <para>Note that you can quickly toggle this behavior by - pressing - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F11</keycap> - </keycombo>.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Speak Indentation</title> - <para>When working with code or editing documents, it is - often desirable to be aware of justification as well as - indentation. Selecting the - <guilabel>speak indentation and - justification</guilabel> check box will cause Orca to - provide this information.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Speak Blank Lines</title> - <para>Some users desire to hear "blank" when navigating - to a blank line in a document. Other users do not. If the - - <guilabel>speak blank lines</guilabel> check box is - selected, Orca will speak blank lines.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Braille Page</title> - <para>The braille page allows you to customize various - aspects about the use of braille. Orca does not - automatically start BrlTTY for you -- you typically need to - do that yourself, and it is something that is usually done - at boot time.</para> - <section> - <title>Enable Braille Support</title> - <para>The first control on the braille page is the - <guilabel>enable braille support</guilabel> check box. - This check box toggles whether or not Orca will make use - of a braille display. This option, along with the ability - to enable braille and enable magnifier support, allow - Orca to be tailored to meet the needs of a wide variety - of users. By default, this check box is enabled. If - BrlTTY is not running, Orca will recover gracefully and - will not communicate with the braille display. If you - configure BrlTTY later on, you need to restart Orca in - order for it to use braille.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Enable Braille Monitor</title> - <para>Orca's braille monitor provides an onscreen - representation of what takes place on the braille - display. This feature is mostly for demonstration - purposes, but is also useful for Orca developers who do - not have access to a braille display.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Abbreviated Role Names</title> - <para>The - <guilabel>abbreviated role names</guilabel> check box - determines the manner in which role names are displayed - and can be used to help conserve real estate on the - braille display. The "abbreviated role names" option can - be better understood if we consider the following - example. Let us assume that a slider had focus, and that - the abbreviated role names box was not checked. In that - case, the word "slider" would be shown on the display, to - reflect the fact that the current control was indeed a - slider. If the abbreviated role names box was checked, - the word "slider" would be abbreviated to "sldr".</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Verbosity</title> - <para>The - <guilabel>verbosity</guilabel> radio button group - determines the amount of information that will be - brailled in certain situations. For example, if it is set - to verbose, keyboard shortcut and role name information - is displayed. This information is not displayed in brief - mode.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Key Echo Page</title> - <para>The key echo page allows you to specify the behavior - of Orca when pressing keys on the page and whether words - are spoken as you complete them.</para> - <section> - <title>Enable Key Echo</title> - <para>The first control on the key echo page is the - <guilabel>enable key echo</guilabel> check box. When this - box is selected, five additional check boxes become - available. These are - <guilabel>Enable alphanumeric and punctuation - keys</guilabel>, - <guilabel>Enable modifier keys</guilabel>, - <guilabel>Enable locking keys</guilabel>, - <guilabel>Enable function keys</guilabel>, and - <guilabel>Enable action keys</guilabel>.</para> - <para>The alphanumeric and function key groups are - relatively self explanatory.</para> - <para>Modifier keys are those such as - <keycap>Shift</keycap>, - <keycap>Control</keycap>, and - <keycap>Alt</keycap>.</para> - <para>Locking keys include - <keycap>Caps Lock</keycap>, - <keycap>Scroll Lock</keycap>, and - <keycap>Num Lock</keycap>.</para> - <para>The action keys group consists of keys that perform - some logical action, as - <keycap>Backspace</keycap>, - <keycap>Return</keycap>and - <keycap>Tab</keycap>.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Enable Echo by Word</title> - <para>The last toggle on the key echo page is the - <guilabel>enable echo by word</guilabel> check box. The - echo by word control is always available, regardless of - whether any of the key echo options are checked.</para> - <para>In summary, the key echo scheme can offer a great - deal of flexibility. For example, one user might choose - to enable all key echo options, while another might - prefer to use word echo, but only have locking keys - announced.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Magnifier Page</title> - <para>The magnifier page allows you to enable/disable - magnification and specify how magnification is - performed.</para> - <section> - <title>Enable Magnifier</title> - <para>The first control on the magnifier page is the - <guilabel>enable magnifier</guilabel> check box. This - check box toggles whether or not Orca will provide - magnification. This option, along with the ability to - enable speech and enable braille support, allow Orca to - be tailored to meet the needs of a wide variety of - users.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Cursor Settings</title> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Enable cursor</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Color</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Custom size and width</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </section> - <section> - <title>Cross-hair Settings</title> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Enable cross-hair and size</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Enable cross-hair clip</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </section> - <section> - <title>Zoomer Settings</title> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Scale factor</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Invert colors</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Zoomer position</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Top, left, right, bottom</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Smoothing</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Mouse tracking mode</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Source display - X Window System DISPLAY of - what should be magnified. Typically - <userinput>:0</userinput>.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Target display - X Window System DISPLAY of - where to put the magnified area. Typically - <userinput>:0</userinput>.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Key Bindings Page</title> - <para>The key bindings page allows you to examine and - modify the key bindings for Orca.</para> - <section> - <title>Orca Modifier Key(s)</title> - <para>The first control on the key bindings page allows - you to eaxmine which key (or keys) acts as the "Orca - modifier". The Orca modifier is the key that you press - and hold in conjunction with other keys to give commands - to Orca. For desktop keyboards, the Orca modifier - defaults to - <keycap>Insert</keycap>. For laptop keyboards, the Orca - modifier defaults to the - <keycap>Caps Lock</keycap> key.</para> - <para>You cannot modify the Orca modifier key(s) using - the Configuration GUI at this time.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Key Bindings Table</title> - <para>The key bindings table provides a list of Orca - operations and the keys that are bound to them.</para> - <para>The "Function" column header is a description of - the Ora operation to be performed.</para> - <para>The "Key Binding" header is the primary way to - invoke the function from the keyboard. Note that the - function description may include the word Orca. This - indicates that the Orca modifier key should be held down - along with the other keys.</para> - <para>The "Alternate" header provides an alternate - mechanism for invoking the function from the - keyboard.</para> - <para>To modify either the "Key Binding" or the - "Alternate" bindings, arrow to the cell and press - <keycap>Return</keycap>. Then, press a key combination - and press - <keycap>Return</keycap> to confirm the new combination. - When you do so, the new keystroke will be saved and the - check box in the last column (the - <guilabel>Modified</guilabel> column) will indicate that - the key binding has been modified.</para> - <para>To unmodify a modified keybinding, merely arrow to - the modified column, uncheck the checkbox, and press the - <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>button ( - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>A</keycap> - </keycombo>).</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Text Attributes Page</title> - <para>Orca will speak known text attribute information - about an object when you press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F</keycap> - </keycombo> ( - <keycombo> - <keycap>Caps Lock</keycap> - <keycap>F</keycap> - </keycombo> for laptop systems).</para> - <para>Because the number of text attributes is large, and - not everyone cares about every attribute, the "Text - Attributes" tab of the configuration GUI allows you to - customize which text attributes Orca will present.</para> - <para>On this tab is a text attribute list, where each row - consists of three columns:</para> - <orderedlist numeration='arabic'> - <listitem> - <para>A checkbox which the user can set to indicate - whether this text attribute should be spoken or - not.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>The name of the text attribute.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>An editable "Spoken unless" string value. By - default, not all text attributes will have this set. If - present, what it means (assuming the user wants this - text attribute spoken) is that the value of the - attribute will only be spoken if it's a different value - than this value.</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - <para>For example, by default the "underline" text - attribute has a value of "none". If the user has this - attribute checked and the user presses - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F</keycap> - </keycombo> and the text in question is not underlined, then - this attribute is not spoken. If you always want this - attribute to be spoken irrespective of whether the text is - underlined, then the attribute should be checked and the - "Spoken unless" value cleared.</para> - <para>There is also a "Reset" - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>R</keycap> - </keycombo> button combination present that will set the - list values back to their initial state when the dialog was - first displayed.</para> - <para>When you initially display the text attribute pane, - all your checked attributes are put at the top of the list. - They are given in the order that they will be spoken and - brailled.</para> - <para>If you decide to check others or wish to adjust the - order, there are four buttons to help you do this:</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>"Move to top" - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>T</keycap> - </keycombo> - moves the selected attribute to the top of - the list.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>"Move up one" - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>U</keycap> - </keycombo> - moves the selected attribute up one - row.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>"Move down one" - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>D</keycap> - </keycombo> - moves the selected attribute down one - row.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>"Move to bottom" - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>B</keycap> - </keycombo> - moves the selected attribute to the bottom - of the list.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - <para>Text attributes can also be set on an individual - application basis. The text attribute pane is also part of - the application specific settings dialog that is started - when you give a particular application focus and press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo>.</para> - </section> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Application-specific information</title> - <section> - <title>Accessible Applications</title> - <para>Orca is designed to work with applications and toolkits - that support the assistive technology service provider - interface (AT-SPI). This includes the GNOME desktop and its - applications, OpenOffice, Firefox, and the Java platform. - Some applications work better than others, however, and the - Orca community continually works to provide compelling access - to more and more applications.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Using Adobe's Acrobat Reader</title> - <para>We are currently working on a script for Adobe's - Acrobat Reader, and the initial version has been contributed - to Orca v2.17.5. Note that there is still work to do, and we - are very encouraged by Adobe's commitment to - accessibility.</para> - <section> - <title>Installation</title> - <para>If you get Adobe Acrobat Reader directly from the - <ulink url='http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html'> - Adobe site</ulink>, you may find that the software will not - launch. The symptoms: If launched from the Applications - menu, it appears that nothing has happened. If launched - from a terminal window, you receive a long series of syntax - error messages. Should this occur, you will need to edit - your /usr/bin/acroread file as described in this - <ulink url='http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=233514'> - Ubuntu forum thread</ulink>.</para> - <para>If you instead choose to install Acrobat Reader from - your distribution's packages, be sure to install both - acroread and acroread-plugins. Without the plugins package, - you will not have the access to the "Reading" category in - the - <menuchoice> - <guimenuitem>Edit</guimenuitem> - <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> - </menuchoice> dialog.</para> - <para>Note: If you use Ubuntu and cannot locate the - acroread package, you will likely need to edit your - /etc/apt/sources.list to include the 'multiverse' - repository. Then run - <userinput>apt-get update</userinput>. Having done so, you should - then be able to install both acroread and - acroread-plugins.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Enabling Accessibility and Caret Navigation</title> - <para>Once you've installed Reader, you need to enable - accessibility:</para> - <orderedlist numeration='arabic'> - <listitem> - <para>In the "Accessibility" category of the - <menuchoice> - <guimenuitem>Edit</guimenuitem> - <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> - </menuchoice> dialog, make sure "Always display the - keyboard selection cursor" (<keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>D</keycap> - </keycombo>) is checked.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>In the "Reading" category of the - <menuchoice> - <guimenuitem>Edit</guimenuitem> - <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> - </menuchoice> dialog, make sure "Enable document - accessibility" (<keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>E</keycap> - </keycombo>) is checked.</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - </section> - <section> - <title>Working with Untagged Documents</title> - <para>When you open an untagged document, you will be - presented with a dialog box asking you to specify the - reading order and the reading mode options. The default - reading order is "Infer reading order from document." This - setting works well for most documents, but not all of - them.</para> - <para>The default reading mode will vary depending upon the - length of the document: For short documents, the default is - "Read the entire document"; for long documents it is "Read - the currently visible pages only." Orca seems to provide - much better access when "Read the entire document" is - selected.</para> - <para>If you find that a document seems to be missing parts - of the text, try changing the reading options. To do so, - get into the Document menu and select "Change Accessibility - Reading Options..." or use the shortcut - <keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Shift</keycap> - <keycap>5</keycap> - </keycombo>.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Page Layout</title> - <para>The best page layout for reading a document with Orca - is "single page". When "continuous" is chosen, moving focus - to text as the page is scrolling can cause that text not to - be read. You can change the page layout to "single page" by - getting into the View menu and selecting the Page Layout - submenu.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Navigating Tables</title> - <para>Regarding tables: As far as we know there's not - currently a whole lot of keyboard support for tables in - Acrobat Reader. This, by the way, is not an Orca thing; it - is an Acrobat Reader thing.</para> - <para>Basically, there are the arrow keys. Their behavior - is to move you first within the cell with focus, then to - the next cell with data in it. Note that currently, Up and - Down Arrow do not seem to move you vertically among cells - -- at least that has been the experience with the tables we - have tried. Instead, Up and Down seem to move you - horizontally until you run out of cells on the current - row.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Making Application Specific Settings</title> - <para>To customize the settings for a particular application, - you will first need to run that application. Make sure that - that application has focus, then press - <keycombo> - <keycap>ORCA_MODIFIER</keycap> - <keycap>Control</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo> (by default, this will be - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Control</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo> for the desktop keyboard layout).</para> - <para>This brings up a tabbed dialog window very similar to - the generic Orca Preferences dialog, but with the following - differences:</para> - <orderedlist numeration='arabic'> - <listitem> - <para>There is no initial General pane.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>The Speech System and Speech Synthesizer combo - boxes on the Speech pane will be grayed out (made - inactive).</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>Any existing application specific key bindings will - appear at the top of the list on the Key Bindings - pane.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>There may be a new application specific settings - pane at the end of the set of tabbed panes. Note that - pressing the End key from the tab list will get you - directly to that rightmost tab.</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - <para>Adjust your application specific Orca settings in a - similar way to the way to set your general Orca preferences. - For example, you may have key echo disabled generally in Orca - but would like to specifically have it enabled for the - gcalctool (GNOME Calculator) application. Here's where you - could easily set that.</para> - <para>When you have your application settings customized the - way that you want, press the OK button. These settings will - be written away under your - <userinput>~/.orca/app-settings</userinput> directory in a file called - <userinput><APPNAME>.py</userinput>, where - <userinput><APPNAME></userinput> is the name of the - application.</para> - <para>These files are automatically written by Orca. The - existing contents of that file will just be blown away each - time you change your application settings for that - application.</para> - <para>If you want to have some extra application specific - settings or code that you don't want to lose, then you should - put it in a file called - <userinput> - ~/.orca/app-settings/<APPNAME>-customizations.py</userinput>. - This file will be automatically read when the settings for - the - <userinput><APPNAME></userinput> application are loaded.</para> - <para>Note that this is an advanced feature that we don't - expect most Orca users to use. It's just there if you really - want it.</para> - <para>There is currently one known bug (some people would - call it a feature) that we are trying to track down and - fix:</para> - <note> - <para>If you adjust one or more application specific key - bindings, the new values will not take immediate effect - after you've pressed the OK button on the dialog. The - workaround is to either restart Orca, or to Alt-Tab away to - some other application and then Alt-Tab back to the one - that you've just changed the key bindings for.</para> - </note> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Braille</title> - <para>Orca uses - <ulink url='http://mielke.cc/brltty/'>BrlTTY</ulink> for braille - support. Orca does not automatically start BrlTTY for you -- - you typically need to do that yourself, and it is something - that is usually done at boot time. Start-up options are - described in the BRTLTTY reference manual.</para> - <para>Orca attempts to work with various releases of BrlTTY. It - works well with BrlTTY v3.7.2, and we've also been working with - the BrlTTY team to get it going for BrlTTY v3.8. The remainder - of this document provides information related to using Orca - with BRLTTY 3.8.</para> - <para>To get Orca working with BrlTTY v3.8 requires that the - Python bindings for BrlAPI are built/installed as part of the - BrlTTY build/install process. Below are descriptions of the - necessary tasks to do this for Ubuntu and Solaris. For both, - you need to first obtain - <ulink url='http://mielke.cc/brltty/releases/brltty-3.8.tar.gz'> - brltty-3.8.tar.gz</ulink> from the BrlTTY site.</para> - <para /> - <para /> - <section> - <title>BrlTTY 3.8 on Ubuntu</title> - <para>First, setup your build environment to build BrlTTY. - Much of this setup is done for you automatically in the - Ubuntu distribution with products such as G++ already - present. In addition, YOU MUST also install tcl, Pyrex, and - the Python developers environment. To do this, execute the - following commands as - <userinput>root</userinput> :</para> - <para></para> - <screen> -<![CDATA[apt-get build-dep brltty -apt-get install tcl8.4 python-pyrex python-dev -]]> -</screen> - <para>Then, when you build BrlTTY, avoid configuring the - package with --prefix=/usr. Use the standard procedure - instead, executing the following commands as - <userinput>root</userinput> :</para> - <para></para> - <screen> -<![CDATA[gunzip -c brltty-3.8.tar.gz | tar xvf - -cd brltty-3.8 -./autogen -./configure -make -make install -]]> -</screen> - <para>Run BrlTTY as - <userinput>root</userinput> (need notes on automatically starting - brltty):</para> - <para></para> - <screen> -<![CDATA[/bin/brltty -bauto -d/dev/ttyUSB0 -]]> -</screen> - <para>If you want, you can remove the existing - <userinput>/sbin/brltty</userinput> and replace it with the - <userinput>/bin/brltty</userinput> either by copying the - <userinput>/bin/brltty</userinput> to - <userinput>/sbin/brltty</userinput> or just by making a symbolic link. - Do so at your own risk.</para> - <para /> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Keyboard Commands</title> - <para>This is the list of common Orca keyboard commands. Note - that you can always enter Orca's "learn mode" while running - Orca by pressing - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F1</keycap> - </keycombo>. When in learn mode, Orca will intercept all - keyboard and braille input events and will tell you what the - effect of them would be. To exit learn mode, press the - <keycombo> - <keycap>escape</keycap> - </keycombo> key. If you are using a laptop computer, you will - want to see the - <ulink url="http://live.gnome.org/Orca/LaptopKeyboardCommands"> - laptop keyboard commands</ulink> page at live.gnome.org.</para> - <section> - <title>Commands for adjusting speech parameters</title> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Right Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo> : increase speech rate</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Left Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo> : decrease speech rate</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Up Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo> : raise the pitch</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Down Arrow</keycap> - </keycombo> : lower the pitch</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Flat review commands</title> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-7</emphasis>: Move the flat - review cursor to the previous line, and read it.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-8</emphasis>: Read the current - line.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-9</emphasis>: Move the flat - review cursor to the next line, and read it.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-4</emphasis>: Move the flat - review cursor to the previous word, and read it.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-5</emphasis>: Read the current - word.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-6</emphasis>: Move the flat - review cursor to the next word, and read it.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-1</emphasis>: Move the flat - review cursor to the previous character, and read it.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-2</emphasis>: Read the current - character.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-3</emphasis>: Move the flat - review cursor to the next character, and read it.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-/</emphasis>: Perform a left - mouse click at the location of the flat review cursor.</para> - <para> - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-*</emphasis>: Perform a right - mouse click at the location of the flat review cursor.</para> - <note> - <para>The above commands apply when working with objects as - well as when working with text. For example, if the flat - review cursor were positioned on a menu bar, pressing the - "read current line" command ( - <emphasis role="strong">Numpad-8</emphasis>) would speak - the names of all visible menus. Similarly, pressing read - next word would speak the object to the right of the flat - review cursor on the same line, or move flat review to the - next line if no more objects were found.</para> - </note> - </section> - <section> - <title>Bookmark commands</title> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>[1-6]</keycap> - </keycombo> : Add a bookmark in this numbered slot. If a - bookmark already exists at this register it will be replaced - with the new one.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>[1-6]</keycap> - </keycombo> : Go to the position pointed to by the bookmark - bound to this numbered slot.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>Shift</keycap> - <keycap>[1-6]</keycap> - </keycombo> : "Where am I" information for this bookmark - relative to the current pointer location.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>B</keycap> - </keycombo> and - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Shift</keycap> - <keycap>B</keycap> - </keycombo> : Move between the given bookmarks for the given - application or page.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>B</keycap> - </keycombo> : Save the defined bookmarks for the current - application or page.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Miscellaneous functions</title> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Numpad</keycap> - <keycap>+</keycap> - </keycombo> : Say all command. reads from the current position - of the caret to the end of the document.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Numpad</keycap> - <keycap>Enter</keycap> - </keycombo> : Where am I command. Speaks information such as - the title of the current application window, as well as the - name of the control that currently has focus.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F1</keycap> - </keycombo> : Enter learn mode (press - <keycap>Escape</keycap>to exit)</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F</keycap> - </keycombo> : Speak font and attribute information for the - current character.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo> : Launch the Orca Configuration dialog.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Space</keycap> - </keycombo> : Reload user settings and reinitialize services - as necessary. In the latest versions of Orca, launch the Orca - Configuration dialog for the current application.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>S</keycap> - </keycombo> : Toggle speech on and off.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F11</keycap> - </keycombo> : Toggle the reading of tables, either by single - cell, or whole row.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>Q</keycap> - </keycombo> : Quit orca.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>Commands for debugging</title> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F3</keycap> - </keycombo> : Report information on the currently active - script.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F4</keycap> - </keycombo> : Cycle through Orca's various debug - levels.</para> - <note> - <para>In order for the next three commands to be of use, - Orca needs to be started from a virtual console or via - gnome-terminal. Output is sent only to the console (i.e., - it is not sent to speech or braille).</para> - </note> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F5</keycap> - </keycombo> : Prints a debug listing of all known applications - to the console where Orca is running.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F7</keycap> - </keycombo> : Prints debug information about the ancestry of - the object with focus.</para> - <para> - <keycombo> - <keycap>Insert</keycap> - <keycap>F8</keycap> - </keycombo> : Prints debug information about the application - with focus.</para> - </section> - </section> - <section> - <title>Troubleshooting</title> - <section> - <title>Orca is not speaking. What is going wrong?</title> - <para>See - <ulink url='http://live.gnome.org/Orca/GnomeSpeech'> - Troubleshooting Speech</ulink>.</para> - </section> - <section> - <title>My desktop has stopped responding. What do I - do?</title> - <para>If you can get to a terminal (or press - <keycombo> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>F2</keycap> - </keycombo> to open the "Run Command" dialog box), try - restarting Orca by issuing another Orca command in a terminal - window. This will force any existing Orca process to exit and - will then restart Orca. This sometimes has the effect of - unhanging the desktop (which is usually due to an ill-behaved - application).</para> - <para>If you cannot get to a terminal window, try pressing - <keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>Backspace</keycap> - </keycombo> to kill the X Window System server. This should - have the effect of returning you to the login screen.</para> - </section> - </section> - -</section> - -<section id="themes-0"> -<title>Desktop Appearance Enhancement</title> -<para>This chapter describes the methods you can use to change the appearance -of the GNOME Desktop -to enhance the accessibility of the desktop for users with visual impairments.</para> -<section id="themes-1"> -<title>Customization Options</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>customizing the desktop appearance</primary> -</indexterm> -<para>There are a number of methods to enable you to customize the appearance -of the GNOME Desktop -to suit your specific needs, as follows:</para> -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term>Themes</term> -<listitem> -<para>Themes are the most effective -way to change the appearance of the desktop in a consistent manner. See <xref linkend="themes-2"/> for more information about themes and how to use themes -to achieve the type of desktop environment that you require.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term>Desktop and application-specific configuration settings</term> -<listitem> -<para>You can customize different components of the desktop -individually to achieve the display settings that you require. You can configure -the desktop and applications in addition to using themes or as an alternative -to using themes. See <xref linkend="themes-7"/> for more information.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> -<para>The following table summarizes the changes that you can -make to the GNOME Desktop and where you can make the changes. This guide does not provide -detailed instructions about how to customize the desktop. For detailed instructions -about how to use the customization tools that the desktop provides, refer -to the Help for each tool or to the <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide?prefs">User Guide</ulink>.</para> -<table frame="topbot" id="themes-TBL-1"> -<title>Quick Reference to Customizing the Appearance of the Desktop</title> -<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"> -<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33.04*"/> -<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="14.50*"/> -<thead> -<row rowsep="1"> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>To change the...</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Use...</para> -</entry> -</row> -</thead> -<tbody> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Overall appearance of the desktop to use high -contrast colors, low contrast colors, or large print.</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>The <application>Theme</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Appearance of the desktop background only.</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>The <application>Desktop Background</application> preference tool and the file manager <guilabel>Backgrounds -and Emblems</guilabel> menu item.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Font displayed on the desktop background and -in all desktop applications.</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>The <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Default font settings of the <application>Text Editor</application>, <application>Terminal</application> or <application>Help</application> application.</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>By default, these applications use the default application font that is specified -in the <application>Font</application> preference tool but can be overridden in the <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog for the application.</para> -</entry> -</row> -</tbody> -</tgroup> -</table> -</section> -<section id="themes-2"> -<title>Using Themes to Customize the Desktop</title> -<para>This section describes how to use themes to customize the appearance -of the GNOME Desktop.</para> -<section id="themes-3"> -<title>Introduction to Themes</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>themes</primary> -</indexterm> -<para>A theme is a group of -coordinated settings that specifies how a desktop component or a group of -desktop components appears. You can use themes to modify and control the appearance -of the desktop in a consistent manner. When you apply a theme, the system -modifies many desktop components simultaneously to achieve the desired effect. -For example, if you apply a theme that increases the font size across the -desktop, the theme also modifies the size of panels and icons on the desktop -for optimum compatibility with the font size. </para> -<para>A theme contains settings that affect different parts of the desktop -as follows: </para> -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term>Controls</term> -<listitem> -<para>The controls setting for -a theme determines the visual appearance of all windows, applications, panels, -and panel applications. The controls setting also determines the visual appearance -of the GNOME-compliant interface items that appear on windows, applications, -panels, and panel applications, such as menus, icons, and buttons. Some of -the controls options that are available in the desktop are designed for special -accessibility needs.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term>Window border</term> -<listitem> -<para>The window frame setting -determines the appearance of the border around windows only.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term>Icon</term> -<listitem> -<para>The icon setting determines -the appearance of icons on panels and on the desktop background.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> -</section> -<section id="themes-4"> -<title>To Choose a Theme</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>themes</primary> -<secondary>desktop</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>To choose a theme, perform the following steps:</para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The themes -are listed under the <guilabel>Theme</guilabel> -tab.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on a theme in the list box to choose a new theme. The -system automatically applies the theme to the desktop. </para> -<para>There are several themes available that suit different accessibility -needs, as described in the following table:</para> -<table frame="topbot" id="themes-TBL-2"> -<title>Themes Designed for Accessibility Requirements</title> -<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"> -<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="50*"/> -<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="50*"/> -<thead> -<row rowsep="1"> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Theme Name</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Description</para> -</entry> -</row> -</thead> -<tbody> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>High Contrast</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides dark text on a light background using high -contrast colors.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>High Contrast Inverse</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Provides -light text on a dark background using high contrast colors.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>Large Print</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>This theme suggests an increased -font size of 18pt. The background and foreground colors are the same as those -specified by the <guilabel>Default</guilabel> desktop theme. To apply the -suggested font, click on the <guibutton>Apply Font</guibutton> button.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>High Contrast Large Print</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>This theme suggests an increased -font size of 18pt using dark text on a light background. To apply the -suggested font, click on the <guibutton>Apply Font</guibutton> button.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>High Contrast Large Print Inverse</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>This theme suggests an increased -font size of 18pt using light text on a dark background. To apply the -suggested font, click on the <guibutton>Apply Font</guibutton> button.</para> -</entry> -</row> -</tbody> -</tgroup> -</table> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -<para>To view the controls, window frame, and icon settings that are associated -with a theme, select a theme in the <guilabel>Theme Preferences</guilabel> -dialog, then click on the <guibutton>Theme Details</guibutton> button. The <guilabel>Theme Details</guilabel> dialog contains a tabbed section for each setting -category. Each tabbed section lists the options that are available and the -current setting for the theme is highlighted. </para> -</section> -<section id="themes-20"> -<title>To Modify the Controls Setting for a Theme</title> -<para>To modify the controls setting that is associated with a theme, perform -the following steps: </para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>In the <guilabel>Theme Preferences</guilabel> dialog, select -the theme that you want to modify. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guibutton>Theme Details</guibutton> button. -The <guilabel>Theme Details</guilabel> dialog is displayed.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guilabel>Controls</guilabel> tab to display -the controls options that are available. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Select the controls option that you want to associate with -the current theme from the list box, then click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>. -The following table lists the controls options that are suitable for accessibility -needs. </para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -<table frame="topbot"> -<title>Controls Options Designed for Accessibility Requirements</title> -<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"> -<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="50*"/> -<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="50*"/> -<thead> -<row rowsep="1"> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Control Option</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Description</para> -</entry> -</row> -</thead> -<tbody> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrast</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides dark text on a light background using high -contrast colors.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrastInverse</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Provides -light text on a dark background using high contrast colors.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>LowContrast</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Uses low contrast colors for -the background and foreground text. </para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>LargePrint</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Increases the size of controls -to accommodate larger fonts. To increase the font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> preference tool. The background and foreground colors are -the same as those specified by the <guilabel>Default</guilabel> desktop theme.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrastLargePrint</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides dark text on a light background using high -contrast colors. Increases the size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. -To increase the font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> -preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrastLargePrintInverse</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides light text on a dark background using high -contrast colors. Increases the size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. -To increase the font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> -preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>LowContrastLargePrint</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Uses -low contrast colors for the background and foreground text. Increases the -size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. To increase the font size, you -must use the <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -</tbody> -</tgroup> -</table> -</section> -<section id="themes-5"> -<title>To Modify the Window Border Setting for a Theme</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>themes</primary> -<secondary>window border</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>To modify the window border setting that is associated with a theme, -perform the following steps: </para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>In the <guilabel>Theme Preferences</guilabel> dialog, select -the theme that you want to modify. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guibutton>Theme Details</guibutton> button. -The <guilabel>Theme Details</guilabel> dialog is displayed.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guilabel>Window Border</guilabel> tab to display -the window frame options that are available. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Select the window frame option that you want to associate -with the current theme from the list box, then click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>. -The <guilabel>Atlanta</guilabel> option is an accessible option. </para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -</section> -<section id="themes-19"> -<title>To Modify the Icon Setting for a Theme</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>themes</primary> -<secondary>icon</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>To modify the icon setting that is associated with a theme, perform -the following steps: </para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>In the <guilabel>Theme Preferences</guilabel> dialog, select -the theme that you want to modify. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guibutton>Theme Details</guibutton> button. -The <guilabel>Theme Details</guilabel> dialog is displayed.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guilabel>Icons</guilabel> tab to display the -icon options that are available. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Select the icon option that you want to associate with the -theme from the list box, then click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>. The following -table lists the icon options that are suitable for accessibility needs.</para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -<table frame="topbot"> -<title>Icon Options Designed for Accessibility Requirements</title> -<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"> -<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="50*"/> -<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="50*"/> -<thead> -<row rowsep="1"> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Icon Option</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Description</para> -</entry> -</row> -</thead> -<tbody> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrast</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides dark on light icons using high contrast -colors.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrastInverse</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Provides -light on dark icons using high contrast colors.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>LowContrast</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Uses low contrast colors for -the background and foreground text. </para> -</entry> -</row> -<!--<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>LargePrint</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>The background and foreground -colors are the same as those specified by the <guilabel>Default</guilabel> -desktop theme. To increase the font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrastLargePrint</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides dark text on a light background using high -contrast colors. To increase the font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>HighContrastLargePrintInverse</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry valign="top"> -<para>Provides light text on a dark background using high -contrast colors. To increase the font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row> -<row> -<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top"> -<para> -<guilabel>LowContrastLargePrint</guilabel> -</para> -</entry> -<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top"> -<para>Uses -low contrast colors for the background and foreground text. To increase the -font size, you must use the <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</entry> -</row>--> -</tbody> -</tgroup> -</table> -</section> -<section id="themes-6"> -<title>To Create Your Own Themes</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>themes</primary> -<secondary>creating your own</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>For information about how to create your own themes, see -the <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:system-admin-guide?themes-0">System Administration Guide</ulink>. </para> -</section> -</section> -<section id="themes-7"> -<title>Customizing Specific Components of the Desktop</title> -<para>This section describes how to customize specific components of the desktop -individually.</para> -<section id="themes-8"> -<title>To Customize the Desktop Background</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>customizing the desktop appearance</primary> -<secondary>desktop background</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>The themes do not affect the -desktop background. Therefore to modify the desktop background to complement -your desktop, you must customize the desktop background separately using the <application>Desktop Background</application> preference tool. To start the <application>Desktop Background</application> preference tool,choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and choose a background from the <guilabel>Background</guilabel> tab.</para> -</section> -<section id="themes-9"> -<title>To Customize Desktop Background Objects</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>customizing the desktop appearance</primary> -<secondary>desktop background objects</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>The size of the icons -that are displayed on the desktop background is controlled by the <application>File Management</application> preference tool. To change the size of the icons, -perform the following steps:</para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>From the <application>File Manager</application> window, choose the <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice> menu item.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Select the <guilabel>Views</guilabel> tabbed section.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>In the <guilabel>Icon View Defaults</guilabel> group, select -the zoom level that you require in the <guilabel>Default zoom level</guilabel> -drop-down list.</para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -</section> -<section id="themes-10"> -<title>To Customize Fonts</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>customizing the desktop appearance</primary> -<secondary>fonts</secondary> -</indexterm> -<anchor id="themes-13"/> -<anchor id="themes-14"/> -<para>This section describes how to customize -the font settings for the desktop and frequently-used applications.</para> -<para>If you have difficulty with the default font type and font size that -is used on the desktop and desktop background, you can customize the font -settings to suit your needs. </para> -<para>You can specify individual font settings for the following desktop components -and applications: </para> -<itemizedlist> -<listitem> -<para>Entire desktop excluding the desktop background</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Desktop background only</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Terminal</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Text editor</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Help</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Web Browser</para> -</listitem> -</itemizedlist> -<section id="themes-11"> -<title>To Customize the Desktop Fonts</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>customizing the desktop appearance</primary> -<secondary>desktop fonts</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>The <application>Font</application> -preference tool allows you to specify the default fonts for the desktop. </para> -<para>To start the <application>Font</application> preference tool, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Fonts</guilabel> tab contains the following options: </para> -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term> -<guilabel>Application font</guilabel> -</term> -<listitem> -<para>Click on this button to select a default font to use for the text that -is displayed on the desktop, including the text displayed on the windows and -dialogs associated with GNOME-compliant applications and panel applications.</para> -<note> -<para>If you use the <application>Theme</application> preference tool -to select a theme and you click on the <guibutton>Apply Font</guibutton> button, -the font that is associated with the theme overrides the font that you select -using the <application>Font</application> preference tool.</para> -</note> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term> -<guilabel>Document font</guilabel> -</term> -<listitem> -<para>Click on this button to select a font to use for displaying documents.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term> -<guilabel>Desktop font</guilabel> -</term> -<listitem> -<para>Click on this button to select a font to use for the text that is displayed -on the desktop background only.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term><guilabel>Window title font</guilabel> </term> -<listitem> -<para>Click on this -button to select a font to use for the text that is displayed in titlebars -of your windows.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term><guilabel>Fixed width font</guilabel> </term> -<listitem> -<para>Click on this button -to select a font to use for editing documents.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term><guilabel>Font rendering</guilabel> </term> -<listitem> -<para>To specify how to -render fonts on the desktop, select one of the following options:</para> -<itemizedlist> -<listitem> -<para> -<guilabel>Monochrome</guilabel> -</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para> -<guilabel>Best shapes</guilabel> -</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para> -<guilabel>Best contrast</guilabel> -</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para> -<guilabel>Subpixel smoothing</guilabel> -</para> -</listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> -<note> -<para>If you use large fonts, you may need to change the size of panes -in applications that use panes such as, the file manager and the Help browser. </para> -</note> -<para>For more information about the <application>Font</application> preference -tool, see the <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide?prefs-font">User Guide</ulink>. </para> -</section> -<section id="themes-cust"> -<title>To Customize Application Fonts</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>customizing the desktop appearance</primary> -<secondary>individual font</secondary> -</indexterm> -<para>By default, GNOME applications use the default font specified in the <application>Font</application> preference tool. Some applications allow this default font to be customized. These applications are:</para> -<itemizedlist> -<listitem> -<para><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#yelp">Help Browser</ulink> </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gedit?gedit-prefs-fontsandcolors">Text Editor</ulink> </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-terminal#gnome-terminal-prefs-general">Terminal</ulink> </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:epiphany#ephy-customize">Web Browser</ulink> </para> -</listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</section> -</section> -</section> -<section id="themes-15"> -<title>Meeting Specific Accessibility Needs</title> -<para>The following sections summarize the steps you need to take to improve -the accessibility of the desktop in a particular area. </para> -<section id="themes-16"> -<title>To Achieve a High or Low Contrast Desktop</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>high contrast desktop</primary> -</indexterm> -<indexterm> -<primary>low contrast desktop</primary> -</indexterm> -<para>To achieve a high -or low contrast desktop, perform the following steps:</para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>Use the <application>Theme</application> preference tool to -select the high contrast or low contrast desktop theme that you require.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Use the <application>Desktop Background</application> preference -tool to customize your desktop background as follows:</para> -<itemizedlist> -<listitem> -<para>Set the <guilabel>Desktop Wallpaper</guilabel> to <guilabel>No Wallpaper</guilabel>.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Set the <guilabel>Desktop Colors</guilabel> to <guilabel>Solid Color</guilabel>.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Select a background color that suits your needs.</para> -</listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>In the <application>Terminal</application> application, ensure -that the <guilabel>Use colors from system theme</guilabel> option is selected -in the <guilabel>Colors</guilabel> tabbed section of the <guilabel>Editing -Profile</guilabel> dialog.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>In the <application>gedit</application> application, ensure -that the <guilabel>Use default theme colors</guilabel> option is selected -in the <guilabel>Fonts & Colors</guilabel> tabbed section of the <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog.</para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -</section> -<section id="themes-17"> -<title>To Achieve a Large Print Desktop</title> -<indexterm> -<primary>large print desktop</primary> -</indexterm> -<para>To achieve -a large print desktop, perform the following steps:</para> -<orderedlist> -<listitem> -<para>Use the <application>Theme</application> preference tool to -select the <guilabel>Large Print</guilabel> theme.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Click on the <guibutton>Apply Font</guibutton> button to increase -the size of the font that is used on the desktop and on window frames.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Use the <guilabel>Desktop font</guilabel> option in the <application>Font</application> preference tool to increase the font that is displayed -on desktop background objects.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>Increase the font size that is used to display the contents -of the <application>Terminal</application> application window. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>If the <guilabel>Use default theme font</guilabel> option -is selected in the <application>gedit</application> <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog, <application>gedit</application> uses the font size that -is specified in the large print theme that you selected. However, if the <guilabel>Use default theme font</guilabel> option is not selected, increase the font -size that is used to display the contents of the <application>gedit</application> -text editor window. See the <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gedit?gedit-prefs-fontsandcolors"> gedit manual</ulink> for more information.</para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>If you use applications that use panes, such as the file manager -and the Help browser, you may need to change the size of panes to accommodate -the large print. See the online help for the appropriate application for more -information.</para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -</section> -</section> -</section> -</chapter> |