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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!-- *************** Bring in Fedora entities *************** -->
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN;
]>
<chapter id="ch-writing-guidelines">
<title>&FED; Documentation Guidelines</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>recursion</primary>
<see>recursion</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>RTFM</primary>
<secondary>read the fine manual</secondary>
<seealso>humor</seealso>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>humor</primary>
<secondary>RTFM</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Please read this chapter carefully. This chapter describes the
guidelines that must be followed such as naming conventions.</para>
<para>This chapter only discusses tags used for documentation for the &PROJECT;,
not all available DocBook XML tags. For the complete list, refer to
<ulink url="http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/docbook.html"/>.
</para>
<section id="sn-xml-guidelines-header">
<title>File Header</title>
<section id="sn-xml-header-xml">
<title>XML Header</title>
<para>In accordance with good XML practices, the first line in any
DocBook XML source files should identify the file as XML. Use
the following line as the first line of any new XML file:</para>
<screen><![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>]]></screen>
</section>
<section id="sn-xml-header-cvs">
<title>CVS Id Header</title>
<para>All the files must contain the CVS Id header. Use the
following line as the second line of any new XML file:</para>
<screen><![CDATA[<!-- $Id: -->]]></screen>
<para>Any time the file is committed to CVS, the line is updated
automatically to include information about the file. For
example:</para>
<screen><![CDATA[<!-- $Id: writing-guidelines.xml,v 1.8 2007/06/29 00:10:59 pfrields Exp $ -->]]></screen>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-id-naming-conventions">
<title>ID Naming Conventions</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>naming conventions</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>naming conventions</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>This section explains the ID naming convention. IDs are
unique identifiers that allow DocBook XML to cross-reference a
section, chapter, or other element.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>rules for defining an ID</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>naming conventions</primary>
<secondary>rules for defining an ID</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following general rules apply to IDs:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Keep an ID as short and simple as possible.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Start the ID with the special short two-character label.
This makes URLs and other references to this ID human
readable, by self-identifying the XML container type.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<xref linkend="ex-id-usage"/> demonstrates some example ID
attributes used properly.
</para>
<example id="ex-id-usage">
<title>Proper ID Usage</title>
<screen><![CDATA[<chapter id="ch-unique-name-of-chapter">
<section id="sn-install-make-disks">
<figure id="fig-redhat-config-kickstart-basic">]]></screen>
</example>
<segmentedlist id="sg-id-two-char-naming-conventions">
<title>Two-Character Naming Conventions</title>
<segtitle>Tag</segtitle>
<segtitle>Prefix</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">preface</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>pr-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">chapter</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>ch-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">section</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>sn-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">figure</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>fig-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">table</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>tb-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">appendix</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>ap-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">part</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>pt-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><sgmltag class="element">example</sgmltag></seg>
<seg><literal>ex-</literal></seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<para>Use the title of the item as the ID. Make your titles unique
within a document to prevent conflicts. For example:</para>
<screen><![CDATA[<chapter id="ch-how-to-fold-laundry">
<title>How To Fold Laundry</title>
<section id="sn-folding-shirts">
<title>Folding Shirts</title>]]></screen>
</section>
<section id="sn-xml-tags">
<title>XML Tags</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>xml tags</primary>
<secondary>caveats</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
It is very important that you remember the caveats in this
section. These are learned suggestions or rules that make your
XML experience better.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Do Not Use Trademark Entities</term>
<listitem>
<para>Do not use the trademark entities <sgmltag
class="genentity">trade</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
class="genentity">copy</sgmltag>, or <sgmltag
class="genentity">reg</sgmltag> because the do not produce
HTML output that works for all charsets. The HTML output
produces by these entities are declared in the DTD and
cannot be changed via the stylesheet.</para>
<para>Instead, use the <sgmltag>trademark</sgmltag> tag and its
associates classes as follows:</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>DocBook XML source</segtitle>
<segtitle>Rendered content</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg><code><![CDATA[<trademark>trademark symbol after
me</trademark>]]></code></seg>
<seg><trademark>trademark symbol after
me</trademark></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><code><![CDATA[<trademark
class="registered">registered trademark symbol after
me</trademark>]]></code></seg>
<seg><trademark class="registered">registered trademark
symbol after me</trademark></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><code><![CDATA[<trademark class="copyright">copyright
symbol after me</trademark>]]></code></seg>
<seg><trademark class="copyright">copyright symbol after
me</trademark></seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Content inside <sgmltag>para</sgmltag> tags</term>
<listitem>
<para>In general, use <sgmltag>para</sgmltag> tags
around anything other than a simple paragraph. Doing so will
create additional white space within the text itself in the
PDF version.
</para>
<para>Specifically, do not use <sgmltag>para</sgmltag> tags
around the following (or, to put this another way, do not
embed the following within <sgmltag
class="element">para</sgmltag> elements):
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><sgmltag class="element">screen</sgmltag></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><sgmltag class="element">itemizedlist</sgmltag></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><sgmltag class="element">orderedlist</sgmltag></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><sgmltag class="element">variablelist</sgmltag></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><sgmltag class="element">table</sgmltag></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Content inside <sgmltag class="element">para</sgmltag> elements within
<sgmltag>listitem</sgmltag> tags</term>
<listitem>
<para>Content inside <sgmltag class="element">para</sgmltag>
elements within <sgmltag class="element">listitem</sgmltag>
elements <emphasis>must</emphasis> start immediately after
the beginning <sgmltag class="starttag">para</sgmltag> tag
to avoid extra white space in the PDF version.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Content inside <sgmltag>screen</sgmltag> tags</term>
<listitem>
<para>The content inside <sgmltag>screen</sgmltag> tags
(<sgmltag class="starttag">screen</sgmltag> and <sgmltag
class="endtag">screen</sgmltag>)
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be flush left in the XML file;
otherwise, the extraneous whitespace will appear in the HTML
version.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section id="sn-xml-admon">
<title>Admonitions</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>admonitions</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>warning</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>tip</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>note</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>caution</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>important</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>admonitions</secondary>
<tertiary>warning</tertiary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>admonitions</secondary>
<tertiary>tip</tertiary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>admonitions</secondary>
<tertiary>note</tertiary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>admonitions</secondary>
<tertiary>caution</tertiary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>admonitions</secondary>
<tertiary>important</tertiary>
</indexterm>
<para>There are five types of admonitions in DocBook: <sgmltag
class="element">caution</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
class="element">important</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
class="element">note</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
class="element">tip</sgmltag>, and <sgmltag
class="element">warning</sgmltag>. All of the admonitions have
the same structure: an optional <sgmltag
class="element">title</sgmltag> followed by paragraph-level
elements. The DocBook DTD does not impose any specific semantics
on the individual admonitions. For example, DocBook does not
mandate that a <sgmltag class="element">warning</sgmltag> is
reserved for cases where bodily harm can result.</para>
<section id="sn-xml-notesetc">
<title>Creating a <sgmltag class="element">note</sgmltag>,
<sgmltag class="element">tip</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
class="element">caution</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
class="element">important</sgmltag>, or <sgmltag
class="element">warning</sgmltag></title>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>note</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>tip</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>caution</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>important</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>XML tags</primary>
<secondary>warning</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>There are several ways to bring attention to text within a
document. A <emphasis><sgmltag
class="element">note</sgmltag></emphasis> is used to bring
additional information to the users' attention. A
<emphasis><sgmltag class="element">tip</sgmltag></emphasis> is
used to show the user helpful information or another way to do
something. A <emphasis><sgmltag
class="element">caution</sgmltag></emphasis> is used to show
the user they must be careful when attempting a certain step. An
<emphasis><sgmltag
class="element">important</sgmltag></emphasis> tag set can
be used to show the user a piece of information that should not
be overlooked. While this information may not change anything
the user is doing, it should show the user that this piece of
information could be vital. A <emphasis><sgmltag
class="element">warning</sgmltag></emphasis> is used to show
the reader that their current setup will change or be altered,
such as files being removed, and they should not choose this
operation unless they are alright with the consequences.</para>
<para>The following lines of code show the basic setup for each
case mentioned above, along with its appearance in HTML.</para>
<screen><![CDATA[<note>
<title>Note</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</note>]]></screen>
<note>
<title>Note</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</note>
<screen><![CDATA[<tip>
<title>Tip</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</tip>]]></screen>
<tip>
<title>Tip</title>
<para>Body of text goes here</para>
</tip>
<screen><![CDATA[<caution>
<title>Caution</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</caution>]]></screen>
<caution>
<title>Caution</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</caution>
<screen><![CDATA[<important>
<title>Important</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</important>]]></screen>
<important>
<title>Important</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</important>
<screen><![CDATA[<warning>
<title>Warning</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</warning>]]></screen>
<warning>
<title>Warning</title>
<para>Body of text goes here.</para>
</warning>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-screenshots">
<title>Screenshots</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>screenshots</primary>
<secondary>how to take</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>screen captures</primary>
<see>screenshots</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>screen grabs</primary>
<see>screenshots</see>
</indexterm>
<para>There are two types of screenshots: graphical and textual.
The philosophy on using these two types is <firstterm>rely on text
over graphics</firstterm>. This means, if you can say it in
text instead of showing a graphic, do so. A graphical screenshot
of a GUI can create a good setting of objects to then describe
textually, but you don't want to create a screenshot for each
graphical step.</para>
<para>The main reason for this preference is that a block of text
can usually convey more meaning than the same physical space of
graphics. This is highly dependent on the graphic; obviously, a
photographic image of a scene can convey more than 1000 words can.
A GUI screenshot is usually full of blank space with a few
elements that can just as easily be described or listed.</para>
<para>The steps for taking a graphical screenshot illustrate how
using text to describe a procedure is more concise than a series
of screenshots.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Graphical Screenshot</term>
<listitem>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Set the theme to Bluecurve defaults. This gives a look
that is familiar to most readers, and makes &FDP;
documents consistent. From the panel menu, choose
<guimenu>Preferences</guimenu>,
<guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem> and select
<guimenuitem>Bluecurve</guimenuitem> from the theme
list.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Set fonts to Bluecurve defaults as well. From the
panel menu, choose <guimenu>Preferences</guimenu>,
<guimenuitem>Fonts</guimenuitem>. Set the
<guilabel>Application font</guilabel> and the
<guilabel>Desktop font</guilabel> to Sans Regular 10.
Set the <guilabel>Window Title font</guilabel> to Sans
Bold 10. Set the <guilabel>Terminal font</guilabel> to
Monospace Regular 10.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Before taking the screenshot, try to resize the
targeted GUI element(s) to the smallest possible size
they can be. Your target is an image of 500 pixels or
less. If you are doing a screenshot of more than one
GUI element, you may need to resize the screenshot in a
following step.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>To take the screenshot, select the GUI element with
your mouse, bringing it to the forefront, or otherwise
arranging the elements. Press <keycombo>
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Print Screen</keycap> </keycombo> to capture a
single GUI window. For capturing the entire desktop use
<keycap>Print Screen</keycap>. If you are taking a shot
of multiple elements and have grouped them closely
together, you can crop the resulting image in
<application>The GIMP</application>. The image will be
in the PNG format.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>If you need to, you can resize using
<application>The GIMP</application>. With the image
open, right-click on it and choose
<guimenu>Image</guimenu> -> <guimenuitem>Scale
Image...</guimenuitem>. With the chain symbol intact,
set the <guilabel>New Width</guilabel> to <guilabel>500
px</guilabel>, and click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
Be sure to <keycombo>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>s</keycap> </keycombo>
to save your changes to your PNG before converting to
EPS.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
With the image open in <application>The
GIMP</application>, right-click on the image,
selecting <guimenu>File</guimenu> ->
<guimenuitem>Save As...</guimenuitem>. Under
<guimenu>Determine File Type:</guimenu>, select
<guimenuitem>PostScript</guimenuitem>, then click
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>. Allow flattening of the image
by clicking <guibutton>Export</guibutton>.</para>
<para>In the <guilabel>Save as PostScript</guilabel>
window, select <guilabel>Encapsulated
PostScript</guilabel>, and click
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<!-- This section is dropped, right? [PWF] -->
<!--
<para>For more information about calling the images from the
XML, refer to <xref linkend="sn-xml-tags-figure"/>.</para>
-->
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Text Screenshot</term>
<listitem>
<para>Textual screen information is also useful for readers.
Follow these guidelines for textual screenshots:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If you use a graphical screenshot to illustrate a
function, and the textual mode has identical functions,
do not include both, unless omitting either would make
your description unclear.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Make your information generic over specific, and
omit any username and machine information if possible.
Do not include the shell prompt unless it is vital to
the demonstration.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Separate what the user types from sample command
output.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>When using <sgmltag class="element">screen</sgmltag>
to demonstrate a procedure, use <sgmltag
class="element">userinput</sgmltag> tags to show what
the user types, and use <sgmltag
class="element">computeroutput</sgmltag> tags to show
the resulting output.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<xref linkend="ex-text-screenshot-good"/> is an example of
textual screenshot usage.
</para>
<example id="ex-text-screenshot-good">
<title>Correct Textual Screenshot (XML Source and
HTML)</title>
<screen><![CDATA[<example id="ex-text-screenshot-good">
<title>Correct Textual Screenshot</title>
<para>To find all the currently active ssh sessions,
execute the following command:</para>
<screen><userinput>ps ax | grep ssh</userinput></screen>
<para>Output appears similar to the following:</para>
<screen><computeroutput> 2564 ? S 0:23 /usr/sbin/sshd
3092 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /etc/X11/xinit/Xclients
8032 pts/0 S 0:00 ssh user@host.example.com
8032 pts/1 S 0:00 ssh root@backup.example.com</computeroutput></screen>
</example>]]></screen>
<para>To find all the currently active ssh sessions, execute the
following command:</para>
<screen><userinput>ps ax | grep ssh</userinput></screen>
<para>Output appears similar to the following:</para>
<screen><computeroutput> 2564 ? S 0:23 /usr/sbin/sshd
3092 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /etc/X11/xinit/Xclients
8032 pts/0 S 0:00 ssh user@host.example.com
8032 pts/1 S 0:00 ssh root@backup.example.com</computeroutput></screen>
</example>
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<!--
<para>For more information about using screen, refer to <xref
linkend="sn-xml-tags-screen"/>.</para>
-->
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<!--
<section id="sn-diagrams-images">
<title>Diagrams and Images</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>images</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>diagrams</primary>
<secondary>creating</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
To be written
</para>
</section>
-->
</chapter>
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mode: xml
fill-column: 72
End:
-->
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