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authorJeremy Katz <katzj@redhat.com>2002-04-19 04:03:26 +0000
committerJeremy Katz <katzj@redhat.com>2002-04-19 04:03:26 +0000
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+Anaconda Release Notes
+----------------------
+
+Last update: Mar 26 2002
+
+
+Contents
+
+ - Overview
+ - Install mechanism summary
+ - Patching/updating installer
+ - Invocation options
+ - Troubleshooting
+ - More info
+
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+ Anaconda is the name of the install program used by Red Hat Linux.
+It is python-based with some custom modules written in C. Being
+written in a scripting language makes development quicker, and it is
+easier to distribute updates in a non-binary form. The anaconda
+installer works on a wide variety of Linux-based computing
+architectures (ia32, Itanium, Alpha, S/390, PowerPC), and is designed to make
+it easy to add platforms.
+
+ The first stage of the installer is a loader program written in C.
+This program is responsible for loading all the kernel modules
+required to mount the second stage of the installer, which has a
+fairly complete Linux runtime environment. The loader is designed to
+be small to fit within the constraints of bootable media (floppies are
+small by modern standards). Once the loader has mounted the second
+stage image, the python installer is started up, and optionally, a
+graphical X Windows based environment.
+
+ The loader can install from local media (harddrive or CDROM), or
+from a network source, via FTP, HTTP, or NFS. The installer can pull
+updates for bugs or features via several sources as well. Finally, the
+installer has an auto-install mechanism called kickstart that allows
+installs to be scripted. The script can even be pulls from an HTTP
+source that can create kickstart configurations dynamically based on
+the machine which is requesting the script. This allows endless
+possibilities in automating large sets of servers.
+
+ This document's purpose is to go over technical details that will
+make using and customizing the installer, and the distribution, much
+easier. The anaconda installer arguably is one of the most flexible
+and powerful installers available, and hopefully this document will
+allow users to take advantage of this potential.
+
+Install Mechanism Summary
+-------------------------
+
+ The document 'install-methods.txt', which is distributed with the
+anaconda package, goes over the various ways the installer can be
+used. Essentially, the installer needs to access the contents of the
+CD images distributed with the product. The installer can either work
+with the CD images one at a time, or else from a single directory (the
+install 'tree') which has the contents of all the CD images copied
+into it. The later is useful if you are customizing the packages in
+the distribution. The first stage of the installation process (the
+'loader') is responsible for getting the system to the point it can
+access the installation source, whether CD image or installation tree based.
+
+ For CDROM-based installs the loader detects the presence of a CD in a
+drive in the system with a distribution on it and jumps straight to the
+second stage. For other interactive (non-kickstart) installation methods the
+user is prompted for the installation source. For kickstart-based installs
+the installation source is specified in the kickstart file, and the user is
+not required to be present unless necessary information is missing from the
+kickstart script.
+
+ For NFS-based installs the installer mounts the directory specified
+and looks for a set of ISO images, or an installation tree. If
+present then a filesystem image is loopback-mounted and the second
+stage installer is run from this image. For FTP and HTTP installs a
+smaller (no graphical install options) second stage image is
+downloaded into memory, mounted, and the second stage installer run
+from this. On harddrive based installs a similar small second stage
+image is put into memory and the second stage installer run from it.
+This is necessary because for partitioning to suceed the installer can
+not have partitions on the harddrive mounted in order for the kernel
+to be able to acknowledge partition table changes.
+
+ The bootable installation images are as follow:
+
+ boot.img - boot image containing kernel modules for installing
+ on most systems from a CDROM or harddrive.
+
+ bootnet.img - boot iamge containing kernel modules for
+ installing on most systems from a network source.
+
+ pcmcia.img - boot image for installing on PCMCIA based systems
+ from a local or network source.
+ Requires pcmciadd.img driver disk.
+
+ The supplemental driver disk images are:
+
+ drvblock.img - block device drivers (for example, SCSI controllers).
+
+ drvnet.img - extra network device drivers.
+
+ oldcdrom.img - device drivers for non-SCSI, non-ATAPI cdroms.
+
+
+Patching The Installer
+----------------------
+
+ At times there are bugfixes or feature enhancements available for
+the installer. These are typically replacement python source files
+which override the versions distributed with the release. Python has
+a mechanism similar to the command line shell search path for
+executables. The installer can be updated by putting patched files in
+a location earlier in the search path Python uses to find modules.
+The 'install-methods.txt' document describes all the various ways the
+installer can be told where to find the updating source files.
+Typcially this is done from an 'update disk', which is a floppy with
+an ext2 filesytem on it. The updated python source files are put in
+the main directory of the floppy. The installer is invoked with an
+'updates' option from the boot command line, and the user is prompted
+to insert the update disk. The files are copied off into a ramdisk
+location which Python has been instructed to look at first of modules.
+For NFS installes, any files in the directory 'RHupdates' under the
+directory mounted in the loader will also be used before the source
+files shipped in the release. If one is customizing the distribution
+and the installer then installing over NFS is the fastest way to work.
+
+ The installer will also use an 'updates.img' file to get patched
+source files. This is particularly useful for FTP and HTTP based installs.
+When the second stage image is retrieved from the server, a download of
+the updates.img is also attempted. This file must be an ext2 filesystem image.
+It is mounted loopback, then the contents are copied to the ramdisk location
+that Python is setup to look at for module updates. This update image will
+also work with all the other installation mechanisms, although the exact
+location where it is expected does vary. The 'install-methods.txt' file
+has the details on this.
+
+Invocation Options
+------------------
+ The documentation file 'command-line.txt' has a quick summary of all the
+command line options anaconda accepts.
+
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+- Cannot get graphical installer working
+
+ On some video hardware (laptops in particular) the graphical
+ installer will not work. The installer attempts to run at
+ 800x600, and some hardware does not work in this mode, or the
+ output looks poor when scaled to this mode. This can be worked
+ around by specifying the 'vga=xxx' option on the command line when
+ booting the installer. Here 'xxx' is the VESA mode number for the
+ video mode which will work on your hardware, and can be one of the
+ following:
+
+
+ | 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 <-Resolution
+ ----+-------------------------------------
+ 256 | 769 771 773 775
+ 32k | 784 787 790 793
+ 64k | 785 788 791 794
+ 16M | 786 789 792 795
+ ^
+ |
+ Number of colors
+
+ Find the row with the number of colors and the column with the resolution
+ and then use the number at the intersection. For example, to run at
+ 1024x768 with 64k colors, use 'vga=791'
+
+ Alternately, you can specify "resolution=<mode>", where mode is:
+
+ 640x480
+ 800x600
+ 1024x768
+ 1152x864
+ 1280x1024
+ 1400x1050
+ 1600x1200
+
+ and the installer will start up in graphical mode in the resolution
+ specified.
+
+
+
+More Info
+---------
+
+ For more info, goto the kickstart-list and anaconda-devel mailing lists
+hosted by Red Hat. You can find these at:
+
+
+ anaconda-devel-list -
+ https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/anaconda-devel-list
+
+ kickstart-list -
+ https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/kickstart-list
+
+<end of document>