path: root/lib/rdoc/parsers/parse_c.rb

  # We attempt to parse C extension files. Basically we look for
  # the standard patterns that you find in extensions: <tt>rb_define_class,
  # rb_define_method</tt> and so on. We also try to find the corresponding
  # C source for the methods and extract comments, but if we fail
  # we don't worry too much.
  #
  # The comments associated with a Ruby method are extracted from the C
  # comment block associated with the routine that _implements_ that
  # method, that is to say the method whose name is given in the
  # <tt>rb_define_method</tt> call. For example, you might write:
  #
  #  /*
  #   * Returns a new array that is a one-dimensional flattening of this
  #   * array (recursively). That is, for every element that is an array,
  #   * extract its elements into the new array.
  #   *
  #   *    s = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
  #   *    t = [ 4, 5, 6, [7, 8] ]   #=> [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
  #   *    a = [ s, t, 9, 10 ]       #=> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, 10]
  #   *    a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
  #   */
  #   static VALUE
  #   rb_ary_flatten(ary)
  #       VALUE ary;
  #   {
  #       ary = rb_obj_dup(ary);
  #       rb_ary_flatten_bang(ary);
  #       return ary;
  #   }
  #
  #   ...
  #
  #   void
  #   Init_Array()
  #   {
  #     ...
  #     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten", rb_ary_flatten, 0);
  #
  # Here RDoc will determine from the rb_define_method line that there's a
  # method called "flatten" in class Array, and will look for the implementation
  # in the method rb_ary_flatten. It will then use the comment from that
  # method in the HTML output. This method must be in the same source file
  # as the rb_define_method.
  #
  # C classes can be diagramed (see /tc/dl/ruby/ruby/error.c), and RDoc
  # integrates C and Ruby source into one tree
  #
  # The comment blocks may include special direcives:
  #
  # [Document-class: <i>name</i>]
  #   This comment block is documentation for the given class. Use this
  #   when the <tt>Init_xxx</tt> method is not named after the class.
  #
  # [Document-method: <i>name</i>]
  #   This comment documents the named method. Use when RDoc cannot outomatically
  #   find the method from it's declaration
  #
  # [call-seq:  <i>text up to an empty line</i>]
  #   Because C source doesn't give descripive names to Ruby-level parameters,
  #   you need to document the calling sequence explicitly
  #
  # In additon, RDoc assumes by default that the C method implementing a 
  # Ruby function is in the same source file as the rb_define_method call.
  # If this isn't the case, add the comment 
  #
  #    rb_define_method(....);  // in: filename
  #
  # As an example, we might have an extension that defines multiple classes
  # in its Init_xxx method. We could document them using
  #
  #  
  #  /*
  #   * Document-class:  MyClass
  #   *
  #   * Encapsulate the writing and reading of the configuration
  #   * file. ...
  #   */
  #  
  #  /*
  #   * Document-method: read_value
  #   *
  #   * call-seq:
  #   *   cfg.read_value(key)            -> value
  #   *   cfg.read_value(key} { |key| }  -> value
  #   *
  #   * Return the value corresponding to +key+ from the configuration.
  #   * In the second form, if the key isn't found, invoke the
  #   * block and return its value.
  #   */
  #


  # Classes and modules built in to the interpreter. We need
  # these to define superclasses of user objects

require "rdoc/code_objects"
require "rdoc/parsers/parserfactory"


module RDoc

  KNOWN_CLASSES = {
    "rb_cObject"           => "Object",
    "rb_cArray"            => "Array",
    "rb_cBignum"           => "Bignum",
    "rb_cClass"            => "Class",
    "rb_cDir"              => "Dir",
    "rb_cData"             => "Data",
    "rb_cFalseClass"       => "FalseClass",
    "rb_cFile"             => "File",
    "rb_cFixnum"           => "Fixnum",
    "rb_cFloat"            => "Float",
    "rb_cHash"             => "Hash",
    "rb_cInteger"          => "Integer",
    "rb_cIO"               => "IO",
    "rb_cModule"           => "Module",
    "rb_cNilClass"         => "NilClass",
    "rb_cNumeric"          => "Numeric",
    "rb_cProc"             => "Proc",
    "rb_cRange"            => "Range",
    "rb_cRegexp"           => "Regexp",
    "rb_cString"           => "String",
    "rb_cSymbol"           => "Symbol",
    "rb_cThread"           => "Thread",
    "rb_cTime"             => "Time",
    "rb_cTrueClass"        => "TrueClass",
    "rb_cStruct"           => "Struct",
    "rb_eException"        => "Exception",
    "rb_eStandardError"    => "StandardError",
    "rb_eSystemExit"       => "SystemExit",
    "rb_eInterrupt"        => "Interrupt",
    "rb_eSignal"           => "Signal",
    "rb_eFatal"            => "Fatal",
    "rb_eArgError"         => "ArgError",
    "rb_eEOFError"         => "EOFError",
    "rb_eIndexError"       => "IndexError",
    "rb_eRangeError"       => "RangeError",
    "rb_eIOError"          => "IOError",
    "rb_eRuntimeError"     => "RuntimeError",
    "rb_eSecurityError"    => "SecurityError",
    "rb_eSystemCallError"  => "SystemCallError",
    "rb_eTypeError"        => "TypeError",
    "rb_eZeroDivError"     => "ZeroDivError",
    "rb_eNotImpError"      => "NotImpError",
    "rb_eNoMemError"       => "NoMemError",
    "rb_eFloatDomainError" => "FloatDomainError",
    "rb_eScriptError"      => "ScriptError",
    "rb_eNameError"        => "NameError",
    "rb_eSyntaxError"      => "SyntaxError",
    "rb_eLoadError"        => "LoadError",

    "rb_mKernel"           => "Kernel",
    "rb_mComparable"       => "Comparable",
    "rb_mEnumerable"       => "Enumerable",
    "rb_mPrecision"        => "Precision",
    "rb_mErrno"            => "Errno",
    "rb_mFileTest"         => "FileTest",
    "rb_mGC"               => "GC",
    "rb_mMath"             => "Math",
    "rb_mProcess"          => "Process"

  }

  # See rdoc/c_parse.rb

  class C_Parser


    extend ParserFactory
    parse_files_matching(/\.(c|cc|cpp|CC)$/)

    @@known_bodies = {}

    # prepare to parse a C file
    def initialize(top_level, file_name, body, options, stats)
      @known_classes = KNOWN_CLASSES.dup
      @body = handle_tab_width(handle_ifdefs_in(body))
      @options = options
      @stats   = stats
      @top_level = top_level
      @classes = Hash.new
      @file_dir = File.dirname(file_name)
      @progress = $stderr unless options.quiet
    end

    # Extract the classes/modules and methods from a C file
    # and return the corresponding top-level object
    def scan
      remove_commented_out_lines
      do_classes
      do_constants
      do_methods
      do_includes
      do_aliases
      @top_level
    end

    #######
    private
    #######

    def progress(char)
      unless @options.quiet
        @progress.print(char)
        @progress.flush
      end
    end

    def warn(msg)
      $stderr.puts
      $stderr.puts msg
      $stderr.flush
    end

    def remove_private_comments(comment)
       comment.gsub!(/\/?\*--(.*?)\/?\*\+\+/m, '')
       comment.sub!(/\/?\*--.*/m, '')
    end

    # remove lines that are commented out that might otherwise get
    # picked up when scanning for classes and methods

    def remove_commented_out_lines
      @body.gsub!(%r{//.*rb_define_}, '//')
    end
    
    def handle_class_module(var_name, class_mod, class_name, parent, in_module)
      progress(class_mod[0, 1])

      parent_name = @known_classes[parent] || parent

      if in_module
        enclosure = @classes[in_module]
        unless enclosure
          if enclosure = @known_classes[in_module]
            handle_class_module(in_module, (/^rb_m/ =~ in_module ? "module" : "class"),
                                enclosure, nil, nil)
            enclosure = @classes[in_module]
          end
        end
        unless enclosure
          warn("Enclosing class/module '#{in_module}' for " +
                "#{class_mod} #{class_name} not known")
          return
        end
      else
        enclosure = @top_level
      end

      if class_mod == "class" 
        cm = enclosure.add_class(NormalClass, class_name, parent_name)
        @stats.num_classes += 1
      else
        cm = enclosure.add_module(NormalModule, class_name)
        @stats.num_modules += 1
      end
      cm.record_location(enclosure.toplevel)

      find_class_comment(cm.full_name, cm)
      @classes[var_name] = cm
      @known_classes[var_name] = cm.full_name
    end
    

    ############################################################

    def find_class_comment(class_name, class_meth)
      comment = nil
      if @body =~ %r{((?>/\*.*?\*/\s+))
                     (static\s+)?void\s+Init_#{class_name}\s*(?:_\(\s*)?\(\s*(?:void\s*)\)}xmi
        comment = $1
      elsif @body =~ %r{Document-(class|module):\s#{class_name}\s*?\n((?>.*?\*/))}m
        comment = $2
      end
      class_meth.comment = mangle_comment(comment) if comment
    end
    
    ############################################################

    def do_classes
      @body.scan(/(\w+)\s* = \s*rb_define_module\s*\(\s*"(\w+)"\s*\)/mx) do 
        |var_name, class_name|
        handle_class_module(var_name, "module", class_name, nil, nil)
      end
      
      # The '.' lets us handle SWIG-generated files
      @body.scan(/([\w\.]+)\s* = \s*rb_define_class\s*
                \( 
                   \s*"(\w+)",
                   \s*(\w+)\s*
                \)/mx) do 
        
        |var_name, class_name, parent|
        handle_class_module(var_name, "class", class_name, parent, nil)
      end
      
      @body.scan(/(\w+)\s*=\s*boot_defclass\s*\(\s*"(\w+?)",\s*(\w+?)\s*\)/) do
        |var_name, class_name, parent|
        parent = nil if parent == "0"
        handle_class_module(var_name, "class", class_name, parent, nil)
      end

      @body.scan(/(\w+)\s* = \s*rb_define_module_under\s*
                \( 
                   \s*(\w+),
                   \s*"(\w+)"
                \s*\)/mx) do 
        
        |var_name, in_module, class_name|
        handle_class_module(var_name, "module", class_name, nil, in_module)
      end
      
      @body.scan(/([\w\.]+)\s* = \s*rb_define_class_under\s*
                \( 
                   \s*(\w+),
                   \s*"(\w+)",
                   \s*(\w+)\s*
                \s*\)/mx) do 
        
        |var_name, in_module, class_name, parent|
        handle_class_module(var_name, "class", class_name, parent, in_module)
      end
      
    end

		###########################################################

    def do_constants
      @body.scan(%r{\Wrb_define_
                     (
                        variable |
                        readonly_variable |
                        const |
                        global_const |
                      )
                 \s*\( 
                   (?:\s*(\w+),)?
                   \s*"(\w+)",
                   \s*(.*?)\s*\)\s*;
                   }xm) do
        
        |type, var_name, const_name, definition|
        var_name = "rb_cObject" if !var_name or var_name == "rb_mKernel"
				handle_constants(type, var_name, const_name, definition)
      end
    end
    
    ############################################################
    
    def do_methods

      @body.scan(%r{rb_define_
                     (
                        singleton_method |
                        method           |
                        module_function  |
                        private_method
                     )
                     \s*\(\s*([\w\.]+),
                       \s*"([^"]+)",
                       \s*(?:RUBY_METHOD_FUNC\(|VALUEFUNC\()?(\w+)\)?,
                       \s*(-?\w+)\s*\)
                     (?:;\s*/[*/]\s+in\s+(\w+?\.[cy]))?
                   }xm) do
        |type, var_name, meth_name, meth_body, param_count, source_file|
       #" 

        # Ignore top-object and weird struct.c dynamic stuff
        next if var_name == "ruby_top_self" 
        next if var_name == "nstr"
        next if var_name == "envtbl"
        next if var_name == "argf"   # it'd be nice to handle this one

        var_name = "rb_cObject" if var_name == "rb_mKernel"
        handle_method(type, var_name, meth_name, 
                      meth_body, param_count, source_file)
      end

      @body.scan(%r{rb_define_attr\(
                               \s*([\w\.]+),
                               \s*"([^"]+)",
                               \s*(\d+),
                               \s*(\d+)\s*\);
                  }xm) do  #"
        |var_name, attr_name, attr_reader, attr_writer|
        
        #var_name = "rb_cObject" if var_name == "rb_mKernel"
        handle_attr(var_name, attr_name,
                    attr_reader.to_i != 0,
                    attr_writer.to_i != 0)
      end

      @body.scan(%r{rb_define_global_function\s*\(
                               \s*"([^"]+)",
                               \s*(?:RUBY_METHOD_FUNC\(|VALUEFUNC\()?(\w+)\)?,
                               \s*(-?\w+)\s*\)
                  (?:;\s*/[*/]\s+in\s+(\w+?\.[cy]))?
                  }xm) do  #"
        |meth_name, meth_body, param_count, source_file|
        handle_method("method", "rb_mKernel", meth_name, 
                      meth_body, param_count, source_file)
      end
  
      @body.scan(/define_filetest_function\s*\(
                               \s*"([^"]+)",
                               \s*(?:RUBY_METHOD_FUNC\(|VALUEFUNC\()?(\w+)\)?,
                               \s*(-?\w+)\s*\)/xm) do  #"
        |meth_name, meth_body, param_count|
        
        handle_method("method", "rb_mFileTest", meth_name, meth_body, param_count)
        handle_method("singleton_method", "rb_cFile", meth_name, meth_body, param_count)
      end
   end

    ############################################################
    
    def do_aliases
      @body.scan(%r{rb_define_alias\s*\(\s*(\w+),\s*"([^"]+)",\s*"([^"]+)"\s*\)}m) do
        |var_name, new_name, old_name|
        @stats.num_methods += 1
        class_name = @known_classes[var_name] || var_name
        class_obj  = find_class(var_name, class_name)

        class_obj.add_alias(Alias.new("", old_name, new_name, ""))
      end
   end

    ############################################################

    def handle_constants(type, var_name, const_name, definition)
      #@stats.num_constants += 1
      class_name = @known_classes[var_name]
      
      return unless class_name

      class_obj  = find_class(var_name, class_name)

      unless class_obj
        warn("Enclosing class/module '#{const_name}' for not known")
        return
      end
      
      comment = find_const_comment(type, const_name)

      con = Constant.new(const_name, definition, mangle_comment(comment))
      class_obj.add_constant(con)
    end

    ###########################################################

    def find_const_comment(type, const_name)
      if @body =~ %r{((?>/\*.*?\*/\s+))
                     rb_define_#{type}\((?:\s*(\w+),)?\s*"#{const_name}"\s*,.*?\)\s*;}xmi
        $1
      elsif @body =~ %r{Document-(?:const|global|variable):\s#{const_name}\s*?\n((?>.*?\*/))}m
        $1
      else
        ''
      end
    end

    ###########################################################

    def handle_attr(var_name, attr_name, reader, writer)
      rw = ''
      if reader 
        #@stats.num_methods += 1
        rw << 'R'
      end
      if writer
        #@stats.num_methods += 1
        rw << 'W'
      end

      class_name = @known_classes[var_name]

      return unless class_name
      
      class_obj  = find_class(var_name, class_name)

      if class_obj
        comment = find_attr_comment(attr_name)
        unless comment.empty?
          comment = mangle_comment(comment)
        end
        att = Attr.new('', attr_name, rw, comment)
        class_obj.add_attribute(att)
      end

    end

    ###########################################################

    def find_attr_comment(attr_name)
      if @body =~ %r{((?>/\*.*?\*/\s+))
                     rb_define_attr\((?:\s*(\w+),)?\s*"#{attr_name}"\s*,.*?\)\s*;}xmi
        $1
      elsif @body =~ %r{Document-attr:\s#{attr_name}\s*?\n((?>.*?\*/))}m
        $1
      else
        ''
      end
    end

    ###########################################################

    def handle_method(type, var_name, meth_name, 
                      meth_body, param_count, source_file = nil)
      progress(".")

      @stats.num_methods += 1
      class_name = @known_classes[var_name]

      return unless class_name

      class_obj  = find_class(var_name, class_name)
      
      if class_obj
        if meth_name == "initialize"
          meth_name = "new"
          type = "singleton_method"
        end
        meth_obj = AnyMethod.new("", meth_name)
        meth_obj.singleton = type == "singleton_method" 
        
        p_count = (Integer(param_count) rescue -1)
        
        if p_count < 0
          meth_obj.params = "(...)"
        elsif p_count == 0
          meth_obj.params = "()"
        else
          meth_obj.params = "(" +
                            (1..p_count).map{|i| "p#{i}"}.join(", ") + 
                                                ")"
        end

        if source_file
          file_name = File.join(@file_dir, source_file)
          body = (@@known_bodies[source_file] ||= File.read(file_name))
        else
          body = @body
        end
        if find_body(meth_body, meth_obj, body) and meth_obj.document_self
          class_obj.add_method(meth_obj)
        end
      end
    end
    
    ############################################################

    # Find the C code corresponding to a Ruby method
    def find_body(meth_name, meth_obj, body, quiet = false)
      case body
      when %r{((?>/\*.*?\*/\s*))(?:static\s+)?VALUE\s+#{meth_name}
              \s*(\([^)]*\))\s*\{.*?^\}}xm
        comment, params = $1, $2
        body_text = $&

        remove_private_comments(comment) if comment

        # see if we can find the whole body
        
        re = Regexp.escape(body_text) + '[^(]*^\{.*?^\}'
        if Regexp.new(re, Regexp::MULTILINE).match(body)
          body_text = $&
        end

        # The comment block may have been overridden with a
        # 'Document-method' block. This happens in the interpreter
        # when multiple methods are vectored through to the same
        # C method but those methods are logically distinct (for
        # example Kernel.hash and Kernel.object_id share the same
        # implementation

        override_comment = find_override_comment(meth_obj.name)
        comment = override_comment if override_comment

        find_modifiers(comment, meth_obj) if comment
        
#        meth_obj.params = params
        meth_obj.start_collecting_tokens
        meth_obj.add_token(RubyToken::Token.new(1,1).set_text(body_text))
        meth_obj.comment = mangle_comment(comment)
      when %r{((?>/\*.*?\*/\s*))^\s*\#\s*define\s+#{meth_name}\s+(\w+)}m
        comment = $1
        find_body($2, meth_obj, body, true)
        find_modifiers(comment, meth_obj)
        meth_obj.comment = mangle_comment(comment) + meth_obj.comment
      when %r{^\s*\#\s*define\s+#{meth_name}\s+(\w+)}m
        unless find_body($1, meth_obj, body, true)
          warn "No definition for #{meth_name}" unless quiet
          return false
        end
      else

        # No body, but might still have an override comment
        comment = find_override_comment(meth_obj.name)

        if comment
          find_modifiers(comment, meth_obj)
          meth_obj.comment = mangle_comment(comment)
        else
          warn "No definition for #{meth_name}" unless quiet
          return false
        end
      end
      true
    end


    ##################################################
    # 
    # If the comment block contains a section that looks like
    #    call-seq:
    #        Array.new
    #        Array.new(10)
    # use it for the parameters
    def find_modifiers(comment, meth_obj)
      if comment.sub!(/:nodoc:\s*^\s*\*?\s*$/m, '') or
         comment.sub!(/\A\/\*\s*:nodoc:\s*\*\/\Z/, '')
        meth_obj.document_self = false
      end
      if comment.sub!(/call-seq:(.*?)^\s*\*?\s*$/m, '') or
         comment.sub!(/\A\/\*\s*call-seq:(.*?)\*\/\Z/, '')
        seq = $1
        seq.gsub!(/^\s*\*\s*/, '')
        meth_obj.call_seq = seq
      end
    end

    ############################################################

    def find_override_comment(meth_name)
      name = Regexp.escape(meth_name)
      if @body =~ %r{Document-method:\s#{name}\s*?\n((?>.*?\*/))}m
        $1
      end
    end

    ############################################################

    # Look for includes of the form
    #     rb_include_module(rb_cArray, rb_mEnumerable);
    def do_includes
      @body.scan(/rb_include_module\s*\(\s*(\w+?),\s*(\w+?)\s*\)/) do |c,m|
        if cls = @classes[c]
          m = @known_classes[m] || m
          cls.add_include(Include.new(m, ""))
        end
      end
    end

    ############################################################

    # Remove the /*'s and leading asterisks from C comments
    
    def mangle_comment(comment)
      comment.sub!(%r{/\*+}) { " " * $&.length }
      comment.sub!(%r{\*+/}) { " " * $&.length }
      comment.gsub!(/^[ \t]*\*/m) { " " * $&.length }
      comment
    end

    def find_class(raw_name, name)
      unless @classes[raw_name]
        if raw_name =~ /^rb_m/ 
          @classes[raw_name] = @top_level.add_module(NormalModule, name)
        else
          @classes[raw_name] = @top_level.add_class(NormalClass, name, nil)
        end
      end
      @classes[raw_name]
    end

    def handle_tab_width(body)
      if /\t/ =~ body
        tab_width = Options.instance.tab_width
        body.split(/\n/).map do |line|
          1 while line.gsub!(/\t+/) { ' ' * (tab_width*$&.length - $`.length % tab_width)}  && $~ #`
          line
        end .join("\n")
      else
        body
      end
    end

    # Remove #ifdefs that would otherwise confuse us
    
    def handle_ifdefs_in(body)
      body.gsub(/^#ifdef HAVE_PROTOTYPES.*?#else.*?\n(.*?)#endif.*?\n/m) { $1 }
    end
    
  end

end