* renewal Ruby/Tk

git-svn-id: http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_1_8@6237 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

132 files changed, 7672 insertions, 11351 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 754f6c026..a05954c40 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+Sun May  2 01:04:38 2004  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tcltklib, ext/tk: renewal Ruby/Tk
+
 Fri Apr 30 20:08:41 2004  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* time.c (SIZEOF_TIME_T): support SIZEOF_TIME_T == SIZEOF_INT.
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/MANIFEST b/ext/tcltklib/MANIFEST
index e06547a6a..e408dc3ee 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/MANIFEST
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/MANIFEST
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ lib/tcltk.rb
 demo/lines0.tcl
 demo/lines1.rb
 demo/lines2.rb
+demo/lines3.rb
+demo/lines4.rb
 demo/safeTk.rb
 sample/sample0.rb
 sample/sample1.rb
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.eng b/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.eng
index a037d18d4..20e966d22 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.eng
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.eng
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 (tof)
-                                    2003/10/17  Hidetoshi NAGAI
+                                    2004/03/28  Hidetoshi NAGAI
 
 This document discribes about the 'tcltklib' library. Although there
 is the 'tcltk' library (tcltk.rb) under this directory, no description
@@ -41,224 +41,367 @@ module TclTklib
          : a target event. With this flag, doesn't wait and returns 
          : false if there is no target event for processing. 
 
-    [module methods]
-       mainloop(check_root = true)
-         : Starts the eventloop. If 'check_root' is true, this method 
-	 : doesn't return when a root widget exists. 
-         : If 'check_root' is false, doen't return by the other
-         : reasons than exceptions.
-
-      mainloop_watchdog(check_root = true)
-         : On the normal eventloop, some kinds of callback operations 
-         : cause deadlock. To avoid some of such deadlocks, this
-         : method starts an eventloop and a watchdog-thread.
-
-      do_one_event(flag = TclTkLib::EventFlag::ALL | 
-                            TclTkLib::EventFlag::DONT_WAIT)
-         : Do one event for processing. When processed an event, 
-         : returns true. 
-         : If NOT set DONT_WAIT flag, this method waits occurrence of
-         : a target event. 
-         : If set DONT_WAIT flag and no event for processing, returns 
-         : false immediately. 
-         : If $SAFE >= 4,  or $SAFE >= 1 and the flag is tainted, 
-         : force to set DONT_WAIT flag.
-
-      set_eventloop_tick(timer_tick)
-         : Define the interval of thread-switching with an integer
-         : value of mili-seconds. 
-         : Default timer_tick is 0. It means that thread-switching 
-         : is based on the count of processed events. 
-         : ( see 'set_eventloop_weight' method )
-         : However, if the eventloop thread is the only thread, 
-         : timer_tick cannt be set to 0. If 0, then is set to 100 ms 
-         : automatically (see NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME on tcltklib.c). 
-         : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
-
-      get_eventloop_tick
-         : Get current value of 'timer_tick'
-
-      set_no_event_wait(no_event_wait)
-         : Define sleeping time of the eventloop when two or more 
-         : thread are running and there is no event for processing. 
-         : Default value is 20 (ms).
-         : If the eventloop thread is the only thread, this value is 
-         : invalid. 
-         : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
-
-      get_no_event_wait
-         : Get current value of 'no_event_wait'.
-
-      set_eventloop_weight(loop_max, no_event_tick)
-         : Define the weight parameters for the eventloop thread. 
-         : That is invalid when the eventloop is the only thread. 
-         : 'loop_max' is the max events for thread-switching. 
-         : 'no_event_tick' is the increment value of the event count 
-         : when no event for processing (And then, the eventloop thead
-         : sleeps 'no_event_wait' mili-seconds). 
-         : 'loop_max == 800' and 'no_event_tick == 10' are defalut. 
-         : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
-
-      get_eventloop_weight
-         : Get current values of 'loop_max' and 'no_event_tick'.
-
-      mainloop_abort_on_exception=(bool)
-         : Define whether the eventloop stops on exception or not. 
-         : If true (default value), stops on exception. 
-         : If false, show a warinig message but ignore the exception.
-         : If nil, no warning message and ignore the excepsion. 
-         : This parameter is sometimes useful when multiple Tk
-         : interpreters are working. Because the only one eventloop 
-         : admins all Tk interpreters, sometimes exception on a
-         : interpreter kills the eventloop thread. Even if such
-         : situation, when abort_on_exception == false or nil, 
-         : the eventloop ignores the exception and continue to working. 
-         : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
-
-      mainloop_abort_on_exception
-         : Get current status of that. 
-
-      num_of_mainwindows
-         : Returns the number of main-windows (root-widget). 
-         : Because there is only one main-window for one Tk interpreter, 
-         : the value is same to the number of interpreters which has 
-         : available Tk functions.
+  module TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag
+    : Defines flags to give '_get_variable' and so on. When to give, 
+    : please use bit-operator (e.g. GLOBAL_ONLY | LEAVE_ERR_MSG ). 
 
+    [constants]
+       NONE
+         : Is 0. It means "set no flag". 
+
+       GLOBAL_ONLY
+         : (site Tcl/Tk's man page)
+         : Under normal circumstances the procedures look up 
+         : variables as follows: If a procedure call is active 
+         : in interp, a variable is looked up at the current
+         : level of procedure call. Otherwise, a variable is
+         : looked up first in the current namespace,  then  in
+         : the global namespace. However, if this bit is set
+         : in flags then the variable is looked up only in the
+         : global namespace even if there is a procedure call
+         : active. If both GLOBAL_ONLY and NAMESPACE_ONLY are
+         : given, GLOBAL_ONLY is ignored.
+         :
+         :  *** ATTENTION ***
+         : Tcl7.6 doesn't have namespaces. So NAMESPACE_ONLY 
+         : is defined as 0, and then GLOBAL_ONLY is available
+         : even if flag is (GLOBAL_ONLY | NAMESPACE_ONLY). 
+
+       NAMESPACE_ONLY
+         : (site Tcl/Tk's man page)
+         : Under normal circumstances the procedures look up
+         : variables as follows: If a procedure call is active
+         : in interp, a variable is looked up at the current
+         : level of procedure call. Otherwise, a variable is
+         : looked up first in the current namespace, then in
+         : the global namespace. However, if this bit is set
+         : in flags then the variable is looked up only in the
+         : current namespace even if there is a procedure call
+         : active.
+         :
+         :  *** ATTENTION ***
+         : Tcl7.6 doesn't have namespaces. So NAMESPACE_ONLY 
+         : is defined as 0.
+
+       LEAVE_ERR_MSG
+         : (site Tcl/Tk's man page)
+         : If an error is returned and this bit is set in flags, 
+         : then an error message will be left in the interpreter's
+         : result, where it can be retrieved with Tcl_GetObjResult
+         : or Tcl_GetStringResult. If this flag bit isn't set then 
+         : no error message is left and the interpreter's result 
+         : will not be modified.
+
+       APPEND_VALUE
+         : (site Tcl/Tk's man page)
+         : If this bit is set then newValue is appended to the
+         : current value, instead of replacing it. If the variable
+         : is currently undefined, then this bit is ignored.
+
+       LIST_ELEMENT
+         : (site Tcl/Tk's man page)
+         : If this bit is set, then newValue is converted to a
+         : valid Tcl list element before setting (or appending
+         : to) the variable. A separator space is appended before
+         : the new list element unless the list element is going
+         : to be the first element in a list or sublist (i.e. the 
+         : variable's current value is empty, or contains the 
+         : single character ``{'', or ends  in `` }'').
+
+       PARSE_VARNAME
+         : (site Tcl/Tk's man page)
+         : If this bit is set when calling _set_variable and so 
+         : on, var_name argument may contain both an array and an
+         : element name: if the name contains an open parenthesis 
+         : and ends with a close parenthesis, then the value 
+         : between the parentheses is treated as an element name 
+         : (which can have any string value) and the characters
+         : before  the first open parenthesis are treated as the 
+         : name of an array variable. If the flag PARSE_VARNAME
+         : is given, index_name argument should be 'nil' since the 
+         : array and element names are taken from var_name.
+         :
+         :  *** ATTENTION ***
+         : Tcl7.6 doesn't have this flag. So PARSE_VARNAME is 
+         : defined as 0. 
+
+  [module methods]
+     mainloop(check_root = true)
+       : Starts the eventloop. If 'check_root' is true, this method 
+       : doesn't return when a root widget exists. 
+       : If 'check_root' is false, doen't return by the other
+       : reasons than exceptions.
+
+    mainloop_watchdog(check_root = true)
+       : On the normal eventloop, some kinds of callback operations 
+       : cause deadlock. To avoid some of such deadlocks, this
+       : method starts an eventloop and a watchdog-thread.
+
+    do_one_event(flag = TclTkLib::EventFlag::ALL | 
+                          TclTkLib::EventFlag::DONT_WAIT)
+       : Do one event for processing. When processed an event, 
+       : returns true. 
+       : If NOT set DONT_WAIT flag, this method waits occurrence of
+       : a target event. 
+       : If set DONT_WAIT flag and no event for processing, returns 
+       : false immediately. 
+       : If $SAFE >= 4,  or $SAFE >= 1 and the flag is tainted, 
+       : force to set DONT_WAIT flag.
+
+    set_eventloop_tick(timer_tick)
+       : Define the interval of thread-switching with an integer
+       : value of mili-seconds. 
+       : Default timer_tick is 0. It means that thread-switching 
+       : is based on the count of processed events. 
+       : ( see 'set_eventloop_weight' method )
+       : However, if the eventloop thread is the only thread, 
+       : timer_tick cannt be set to 0. If 0, then is set to 100 ms 
+       : automatically (see NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME on tcltklib.c). 
+       : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
+
+    get_eventloop_tick
+       : Get current value of 'timer_tick'
+
+    set_no_event_wait(no_event_wait)
+       : Define sleeping time of the eventloop when two or more 
+       : thread are running and there is no event for processing. 
+       : Default value is 20 (ms).
+       : If the eventloop thread is the only thread, this value is 
+       : invalid. 
+       : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
+
+    get_no_event_wait
+       : Get current value of 'no_event_wait'.
+
+    set_eventloop_weight(loop_max, no_event_tick)
+       : Define the weight parameters for the eventloop thread. 
+       : That is invalid when the eventloop is the only thread. 
+       : 'loop_max' is the max events for thread-switching. 
+       : 'no_event_tick' is the increment value of the event count 
+       : when no event for processing (And then, the eventloop thead
+       : sleeps 'no_event_wait' mili-seconds). 
+       : 'loop_max == 800' and 'no_event_tick == 10' are defalut. 
+       : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
+
+    get_eventloop_weight
+       : Get current values of 'loop_max' and 'no_event_tick'.
+
+    mainloop_abort_on_exception=(bool)
+       : Define whether the eventloop stops on exception or not. 
+       : If true (default value), stops on exception. 
+       : If false, show a warinig message but ignore the exception.
+       : If nil, no warning message and ignore the excepsion. 
+       : This parameter is sometimes useful when multiple Tk
+       : interpreters are working. Because the only one eventloop 
+       : admins all Tk interpreters, sometimes exception on a
+       : interpreter kills the eventloop thread. Even if such
+       : situation, when abort_on_exception == false or nil, 
+       : the eventloop ignores the exception and continue to working. 
+       : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
+
+    mainloop_abort_on_exception
+       : Get current status of that. 
+
+    num_of_mainwindows
+       : Returns the number of main-windows (root-widget). 
+       : Because there is only one main-window for one Tk interpreter, 
+       : the value is same to the number of interpreters which has 
+       : available Tk functions.
+
+    _merge_tklist(str, str, ... )
+       : Get a Tcl's list string from arguments with a Tcl/Tk's 
+       : library function. Each arguemnt is converted to a valid 
+       : Tcl list element. 
+
+    _conv_listelement(str)
+       : Convert the argument to a valid Tcl list element with
+       : Tcl/Tk's library function.
+
+    _toUTF8(str, encoding)
+    _fromUTF8(str, encoding)
+       : Call the function (which is internal function of Tcl/Tk) to
+       : convert to/from a UTF8 string.
+
+    _subst_UTF_backslash(str)
+    _subst_Tcl_backslash(str)
+       : Substitute backslash sequence with Tcl's rule (include \uhhhh;
+       : give a sixteen-bit hexadecimal value for Unicode character).
+       : _subst_Tcl_backslash method parses all backslash sequence. 
+       : _subst_UTF_backslash method parses \uhhhh only.
 
 class TclTkIp
   [class methods]
-      new(ip_name=nil, options='')
-         : Generate an instance of TclTkIp class. 
-         : If 'ip_name' argument is given as a string, it is the name
-         : of the Tk interpreter which is shown by 'winfo interps'
-         : command. 
-         : 'options' argument accepts a string which is the command 
-         : line options of wish; such as '-geometry' or '-use'. 
-         : The information is used to generate the root widget of the 
-         : interpreter. 
-         : ( e.g. TclTkIp.new('FOO', '-geometry 500x200 -use 0x2200009') )
-         : If is given nil or falsr for the 'option' argument, generates
-         : the Tcl interpreter without Tk library. Then the interpreter 
-         : doesn't need GUI environment. Therefore, even if a window
-         : system doesn't exist or cannot be used, Ruby can control the
-         : Tcl interpreter and the extention libraries loaded on the 
-         : interpreter. 
-
-   [instance methods]
-      create_slave(name, safe=false)
-         : Create a slave interpreter. 
-         : The parent of the interpreter is the receiver of this method.
-         : The name of the slave interpreter is given by 'name' argument. 
-         : The 'safe' argument decides whether the slave interpreter is
-         : created as a safe interpreter or not. If true, create a safe
-         : interpreter. Default is false. However, if the parent
-         : interpreter is a safe interpreter, the created interpreter is
-         : a safe interpreter (ignore 'safe' argument value). 
-         : If $SAFE >= 4, can create a safe interpreter only. 
-
-      make_safe
-         : Make the interpreter to the safe interpreter, and returns
-         : self. If fail, raise RuntimeError.
-
-      safe?
-         : Check whether the interpreter is the safe interpreter. 
-         : If is the safe interpreter, returns true. 
-
-      delete
-         : Delete the interpreter. 
-         : The deleted interpreter doesn't accept command and then
-         : raise an exception.
-
-      deleted?
-         : Check whether the interpreter is already deleted.
-         : If deleted, returns true. 
-
-      restart
-         : Restart Tk part of the interpreter. 
-         : Use this when you need Tk functions after destroying the
-         : root widget. 
-         : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
-
-      _eval(str)
-      _invoke(*args)
-         : Estimates the arguments as a command on the Tk interpreter. 
-         : The argument of _eval is a script of Tcl/Tk.
-         : Each argument of _invoke is a token of one command line of
-         : Tcl/Tk. 
-         : Because the operation of _invoke doesn't through the
-         : command line parser of Tk interpreter, the cost of
-         : estimation is smaller than _eval. However, auto_load
-         : mechanism of the Tk interpreter doesn't work on _invoke. 
-         : So _invoke can call only the command which already
-         : registered on the interpreter by 'load' command and so on. 
-         : On _eval command, auto_load mechanism words. So if succeed 
-         : to _eval and regist the command once, after that, the
-         : command can be called by _invoke. 
-
-      _toUTF8(str, encoding)
-      _fromUTF8(str, encoding)
-         : Call the function (which is internal function of Tcl/Tk) to
-         : convert to/from a UTF8 string.
-
-      _thread_vwait(var_name)
-      _thread_tkwait(mode, target)
-         : 'vwait' or 'tkwait' with thread support. 
-         : The difference from normal 'vwait' or 'tkwait' command is 
-         : doing independent wait from the vwait stack when they are
-         : called on the other thread than the eventloop thread.
-         : In the case of Tcl/Tk's vwait / tkwait, if 2nd vwait /
-         : tkwait is called on waiting for 1st vwait / tkwait, 
-         : returns the order of [2nd]->[1st] regardless of the order
-         : of when the wait condition was fulfilled.  
-         : If _thread_vwait / _thread_tkwait is called on the
-         : eventloop thread, there is no difference from vwait /
-         : tkwait. But if called on the other thread than the
-         : eventloop, stops the thread.  And when the wait condition 
-         : is fulfilled, the thread restarts. The meaning of
-         : "independent from the vwait stack" is that the timing of 
-         : restarting is independent from the waiting status of the 
-         : other threads. That is, even if the eventloop thread is 
-         : waiting by vwait and is not fulfilled the condition, 
-         : _thread_vwait completes the waiting when its waiting
-         : condition is fulfilled and the thread which stopped by
-         : _thread_vwait can continue the operation. 
-
-      _return_value
-         : Get the last result value on the interpreter. 
-
-      mainloop
-      mainloop_watchdog
-         : If on the slave interpreter, never start an eventloop and
-         : returns nil. 
-         : With the exception that, same to the TclTkLib module method
-         : with the same name. 
-
-      do_one_event
-         : With the exception that the argument is forced to set
-         : DONT_WAIT flag on the slave interpreter, same to
-         : TclTkLib#do_one_event. 
-
-      set_eventloop_tick
-      get_eventloop_tick
-      set_no_event_wait
-      get_no_event_wait
-      set_eventloop_weight
-      get_eventloop_weight
-      mainloop_abort_on_exception
-      mainloop_abort_on_exception=
-         : With the exception that it is ignored to set value on the
-         : slave interpreter, same to the TclTkLib module method with
-         : the same name. 
+    new(ip_name=nil, options='')
+       : Generate an instance of TclTkIp class. 
+       : If 'ip_name' argument is given as a string, it is the name
+       : of the Tk interpreter which is shown by 'winfo interps'
+       : command. 
+       : 'options' argument accepts a string which is the command 
+       : line options of wish; such as '-geometry' or '-use'. 
+       : The information is used to generate the root widget of the 
+       : interpreter. 
+       : ( e.g. TclTkIp.new('FOO', '-geometry 500x200 -use 0x2200009') )
+       : If is given nil or falsr for the 'option' argument, generates
+       : the Tcl interpreter without Tk library. Then the interpreter 
+       : doesn't need GUI environment. Therefore, even if a window
+       : system doesn't exist or cannot be used, Ruby can control the
+       : Tcl interpreter and the extention libraries loaded on the 
+       : interpreter. 
+
+  [instance methods]
+    create_slave(name, safe=false)
+       : Create a slave interpreter. 
+       : The parent of the interpreter is the receiver of this method.
+       : The name of the slave interpreter is given by 'name' argument. 
+       : The 'safe' argument decides whether the slave interpreter is
+       : created as a safe interpreter or not. If true, create a safe
+       : interpreter. Default is false. However, if the parent
+       : interpreter is a safe interpreter, the created interpreter is
+       : a safe interpreter (ignore 'safe' argument value). 
+       : If $SAFE >= 4, can create a safe interpreter only. 
+
+    make_safe
+       : Make the interpreter to the safe interpreter, and returns
+       : self. If fail, raise RuntimeError.
+
+    safe?
+       : Check whether the interpreter is the safe interpreter. 
+       : If is the safe interpreter, returns true. 
+
+    delete
+       : Delete the interpreter. 
+       : The deleted interpreter doesn't accept command and then
+       : raise an exception.
+
+    deleted?
+       : Check whether the interpreter is already deleted.
+       : If deleted, returns true. 
+
+    restart
+       : Restart Tk part of the interpreter. 
+       : Use this when you need Tk functions after destroying the
+       : root widget. 
+       : On $SAFE >= 4, cannot call this method. 
+
+    _eval(str)
+    _invoke(*args)
+       : Estimates the arguments as a command on the Tk interpreter. 
+       : The argument of _eval is a script of Tcl/Tk.
+       : Each argument of _invoke is a token of one command line of
+       : Tcl/Tk. 
+       : Because the operation of _invoke doesn't through the
+       : command line parser of Tk interpreter, the cost of
+       : estimation is smaller than _eval. However, auto_load
+       : mechanism of the Tk interpreter doesn't work on _invoke. 
+       : So _invoke can call only the command which already
+       : registered on the interpreter by 'load' command and so on. 
+       : On _eval command, auto_load mechanism words. So if succeed 
+       : to _eval and regist the command once, after that, the
+       : command can be called by _invoke. 
+
+    _toUTF8(str, encoding)
+    _fromUTF8(str, encoding)
+       : Call the function (which is internal function of Tcl/Tk) to
+       : convert to/from a UTF8 string.
+
+    _thread_vwait(var_name)
+    _thread_tkwait(mode, target)
+       : 'vwait' or 'tkwait' with thread support. 
+       : The difference from normal 'vwait' or 'tkwait' command is 
+       : doing independent wait from the vwait stack when they are
+       : called on the other thread than the eventloop thread.
+       : In the case of Tcl/Tk's vwait / tkwait, if 2nd vwait /
+       : tkwait is called on waiting for 1st vwait / tkwait, 
+       : returns the order of [2nd]->[1st] regardless of the order
+       : of when the wait condition was fulfilled.  
+       : If _thread_vwait / _thread_tkwait is called on the
+       : eventloop thread, there is no difference from vwait /
+       : tkwait. But if called on the other thread than the
+       : eventloop, stops the thread.  And when the wait condition 
+       : is fulfilled, the thread restarts. The meaning of
+       : "independent from the vwait stack" is that the timing of 
+       : restarting is independent from the waiting status of the 
+       : other threads. That is, even if the eventloop thread is 
+       : waiting by vwait and is not fulfilled the condition, 
+       : _thread_vwait completes the waiting when its waiting
+       : condition is fulfilled and the thread which stopped by
+       : _thread_vwait can continue the operation. 
+
+    _return_value
+       : Get the last result value on the interpreter. 
+
+    _get_variable(var_name, flag)
+    _get_variable2(var_name, index_name, flag)
+       : Get the current value of a variable. If specified a 
+       : index_name (see also the PARSE_VARNAME flag), get the 
+       : value of the index_name element. 
+
+    _set_variable(var_name, value, flag)
+    _set_variable2(var_name, index_name, value, flag)
+       : Create or modify a variable. If specified a index_name 
+       : (see also the PARSE_VARNAME flag), create or modify the 
+       : index_name element. 
+
+    _unset_variable(var_name)
+    _unset_variable2(var_name, index_name)
+       : Remove a variable. If specified a index_name (see also 
+       : the PARSE_VARNAME flag), remove the index_name element. 
+
+    _get_global_var(var_name)
+    _get_global_var2(var_name, index_name)
+    _set_global_var(var_name, value)
+    _set_global_var2(var_name, index_name, value)
+    _unset_global_var(var_name)
+    _unset_global_var2(var_name, index_name)
+       : Call the associated method with the flag argument
+       : (GLOBAL_ONLY | LEAVE_ERR_MSG).
+
+    _split_tklist(str)
+       : Split the argument with Tcl/Tk's library function and 
+       : get an array as a list of Tcl list elements.
+
+    _merge_tklist(str, str, ... )
+       : Get a Tcl's list string from arguments with a Tcl/Tk's 
+       : library function. Each arguemnt is converted to a valid 
+       : Tcl list element. 
+
+    _conv_listelement(str)
+       : Convert the argument to a valid Tcl list element with
+       : Tcl/Tk's library function.
+
+    mainloop
+    mainloop_watchdog
+       : If on the slave interpreter, never start an eventloop and
+       : returns nil. 
+       : With the exception that, same to the TclTkLib module method
+       : with the same name. 
+
+    do_one_event
+       : With the exception that the argument is forced to set
+       : DONT_WAIT flag on the slave interpreter, same to
+       : TclTkLib#do_one_event. 
+
+    set_eventloop_tick
+    get_eventloop_tick
+    set_no_event_wait
+    get_no_event_wait
+    set_eventloop_weight
+    get_eventloop_weight
+    mainloop_abort_on_exception
+    mainloop_abort_on_exception=
+       : With the exception that it is ignored to set value on the
+       : slave interpreter, same to the TclTkLib module method with
+       : the same name. 
 
 class TkCallbackBreak < StandardError
 class TkCallbackContinue < StandardError
-   : They are exception classes to break or continue the Tk callback 
-   : operation. 
-   : If raise TkCallbackBreak on the callback procedure, Ruby returns 
-   : 'break' code to Tk interpreter (Then the Tk interpreter will 
-   : break the operation for the current event). 
-   : If raise TkCallbackContinue, returns 'continue' code (Then the Tk
-   : interpreter will break the operateion for the current bindtag and 
-   : starts the operation for the next buindtag for the current event).
+  : They are exception classes to break or continue the Tk callback 
+  : operation. 
+  : If raise TkCallbackBreak on the callback procedure, Ruby returns 
+  : 'break' code to Tk interpreter (Then the Tk interpreter will 
+  : break the operation for the current event). 
+  : If raise TkCallbackContinue, returns 'continue' code (Then the Tk
+  : interpreter will break the operateion for the current bindtag and 
+  : starts the operation for the next buindtag for the current event).
 
 (eof)
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.euc b/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.euc
index 9f9c77da0..baddcaf54 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.euc
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.euc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 (tof)
-                                    2003/10/17  Hidetoshi NAGAI
+                                    2004/03/28  Hidetoshi NAGAI
 
 Ëܥɥ­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ï¸Å¤¤ tcltk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¡¤tcltklib ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÀâÌÀ
 ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤¤½¤Îµ­½ÒÆâÍƤϸŤ¤¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
@@ -175,6 +175,52 @@ require "tcltklib" ¤¹¤ë¤È, °Ê²¼¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë, ¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.
          : ½èÍýÂоݥ¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¤¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥ÈȯÀ¸¤òÂÔ¤¿¤º
          : ¤Ë do_one_event ¤ò½ªÎ» ( false ¤òÊÖ¤¹ ) ¤¹¤ë 
 
+   ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag
+      : _get_variable ¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¡¥¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ë
+      : ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄê¿ô¤ò OR ¤ÇÏ¢·ë¤·¤ÆÍ¿¤¨¤ë¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  NONE
+         : ÃÍ¤Ï 0 ¤Ç¡¤²¿¤â¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  GLOBAL_ONLY
+         : Ä̾ÊÑ¿ô¤Î¸¡º÷¤Ï¤Þ¤º¼ê³¤­¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¸¡
+         : º÷¤·¡¤¼¡¤Ë¸½ºß¤Î̾Á°¶õ´Ö¤Ç¸¡º÷¡¤ºÇ¸å¤Ë¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¶õ´Ö¤Ç
+         : ¸¡º÷¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡¥¤·¤«¤·¡¤¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¥°
+         : ¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¶õ´Ö¤Ç¤Î¤ß¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¡¥
+         : ¤â¤· GLOBAL_ONLY ¤È NAMESPACE_ONLY ¤È¤¬Î¾Êý»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì
+         : ¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤GLOBAL_ONLY ¤Î»ØÄê¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  NAMESPACE_ONLY
+         : ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¸½ºß¤Î̾Á°¶õ´Ö¤Ç¤Î¤ßÊÑ
+         : ¿ô¤Î¸¡º÷¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡¥GLOBAL_ONLY ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤â»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  LEAVE_ERR_MSG
+         : ÊÑ¿ô¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¤¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬
+         : »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¤¼Â¹Ô·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤Æ Tcl ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥×¥ê¥¿¤Ë¥¨
+         : ¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬»Ä¤µ¤ì¤ë¡¥¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±
+         : ¤ì¤Ð¡¤¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï°ìÀڻĤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  APPEND_VALUE
+         : ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¤ÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤòÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Î¤Ç
+         : ¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¤¸½ºß¤ÎÃͤËÂåÆþÃͤ¬Äɲà (append; ʸ»úÎóÏ¢·ë) ¤µ
+         : ¤ì¤ë¡¥ÊÑ¿ô¤¬Ì¤ÄêµÁ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¤¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  LIST_ELEMENT
+         : ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¤ÂåÆþÃͤϤޤº Tcl ¤Î¥ê¥¹
+         : ¥ÈÍ×ÁǤȤ·¤ÆŬÀڤȤʤë¤è¤¦¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¡¥ÂåÆþÃͤ¬¥ê¥¹¥È
+         : (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥µ¥Ö¥ê¥¹¥È) ¤ÎºÇ½é¤ÎÍ×ÁǤȤʤë¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¤ÂåÆþ
+         : ÃͤÎľÁ°¤Ë¤Ï¶õÇòʸ»ú¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤ë¡¥
+
+      Äê¿ô  PARSE_VARNAME
+         : _set_variable ¤Ê¤É¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ
+         : ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¤var_name °ú¿ô¤¬Ï¢ÁÛÇÛÎó̾¤ÈÍ×ÁÇ̾¤È¤òξÊý
+         : ´Þ¤à²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë (³«¤­³ç¸Ì¤ò´Þ¤ß¡¤ÊĤ¸³ç¸Ì¤Ç½ª¤ï¤ë) ¤³
+         : ¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡¥¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¤³ç¸Ì¤Î´Ö¤¬Í×ÁÇ̾»ØÄꡤºÇ½é¤Î³«¤­³ç
+         : ¸Ì¤Þ¤Ç¤¬Ï¢ÁÛÇÛÎó̾¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡¥_set_variable2 ¤Ê¤É¤Ç
+         : ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¤Ï¢ÁÛÇÛÎó̾¤ÈÍ×ÁÇ̾¤Ï var_name 
+         : ¤«¤éÃê½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¡¤index_name °ú¿ô¤Ï nil ¤È
+         : ¤»¤Í¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡¥
+
    ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¥á¥½¥Ã¥É
       mainloop(check_root = true)
          : ¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¥ë¡¼¥×¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¡¥check_root ¤¬ true ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¤
@@ -277,6 +323,26 @@ require "tcltklib" ¤¹¤ë¤È, °Ê²¼¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë, ¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.
          : ¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤ÎÃͤϸ½ºß Tk ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥×¥ê¥¿¤ÎÁí
          : ¿ô¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡¥
 
+      _merge_tklist(str, str, ... )
+         : Tcl/Tk ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤°ú¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎ󤬤½¤ì¤¾¤ì
+         : Àµ¤·¤¯°ì¤Ä¤Î¥ê¥¹¥ÈÍ×ÁǤȤʤë¤è¤¦¤ËÏ¢·ë¤·¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤òÊÖ¤¹¡¥
+
+      _conv_listelement(str)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤°ú¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎó¤¬ Tcl ¤Î
+         : °ì¤Ä¤Î¥ê¥¹¥ÈÍ×ÁǤȤ·¤ÆŬÀÚ¤Êɽ¸½¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤¿Ê¸
+         : »úÎó¤òÊÖ¤¹¡¥
+
+      _toUTF8(str, encoding)
+      _fromUTF8(str, encoding)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¤¬Æ⢤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë UTF8 ÊÑ´¹½èÍý¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¡¥
+
+      _subst_UTF_backslash(str)
+      _subst_Tcl_backslash(str)
+         : Tcl ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥åµ­Ë¡ ( \uhhhh ¤Ë¤è¤ë 
+         : Unicode ʸ»úɽ¸½¤ò´Þ¤à ) ¤ò²òÀϤ¹¤ë¡¥
+         : _subst_Tcl_backslash ¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥åµ­Ë¡¤ò
+         : ÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¤_subst_UTF_backslash ¤Ï \uhhhh 
+         : ¤Ë¤è¤ë Unicode ʸ»úɽ¸½¤À¤±¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡¥
 
 ¥¯¥é¥¹ TclTkIp
    ¥¯¥é¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É
@@ -373,6 +439,52 @@ require "tcltklib" ¤¹¤ë¤È, °Ê²¼¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë, ¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.
       _return_value
          : ľÁ°¤Î Tcl/Tk ¾å¤Ç¤Îɾ²Á¤Î¼Â¹Ô·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÌá¤êÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¡¥
 
+      _get_variable(var_name, flag)
+      _get_variable2(var_name, index_name, flag)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¾å¤Î var ¤È¤¤¤¦ÊÑ¿ô̾¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¡¥
+         : ¤â¤· index_name ¤¬»ØÄê (PARSE_VARNAME ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤â»²¾È) 
+         : ¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ÏÏ¢ÁÛÇÛÎó var_name ¤Î index_name ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤòÊÖ¤¹¡¥
+         : flag ¤Ë¤ÏÊÑ¿ô¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Î¾ò·ï¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡¥flag ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë
+         : Ãͤϥ⥸¥å¡¼¥ë TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag ¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¥
+
+      _set_variable(var_name, value, flag)
+      _set_variable2(var_name, index_name, value, flag)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¾å¤Î var ¤È¤¤¤¦ÊÑ¿ô̾¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ËÃͤòÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡¥
+         : ¤â¤· index_name ¤¬»ØÄê (PARSE_VARNAME ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤â»²¾È) 
+         : ¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ÏÏ¢ÁÛÇÛÎó var_name ¤Î index_name ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤòÀßÄê
+         : ¤¹¤ë¡¥
+         : flag ¤Ë¤ÏÊÑ¿ô¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Î¾ò·ï¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡¥flag ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë
+         : Ãͤϥ⥸¥å¡¼¥ë TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag ¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¥
+
+      _unset_variable(var_name)
+      _unset_variable2(var_name, index_name)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¾å¤Î var_name ¤È¤¤¤¦ÊÑ¿ô̾¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ò¾Ãµî¤¹¤ë¡¥
+         : ¤â¤· index_name ¤¬»ØÄê (PARSE_VARNAME ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤â»²¾È) 
+         : ¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ÏÏ¢ÁÛÇÛÎó var_name ¤«¤é index_name ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤÀ¤±
+         : ¤ò¾Ãµî¤¹¤ë¡¥
+
+      _get_global_var(var_name)
+      _get_global_var2(var_name, index_name)
+      _set_global_var(var_name, value)
+      _set_global_var2(var_name, index_name, value)
+      _unset_global_var(var_name)
+      _unset_global_var2(var_name, index_name)
+         : ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¤Âбþ¤¹¤ëÊÑ¿ô¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Î flag ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
+         : (GLOBAL_ONLY | LEAVE_ERR_MSG) ¤òÍ¿¤¨¤¿¤â¤Î¡¥
+
+      _split_tklist(str)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤Ê¸»úÎó str ¤ò¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë
+         : ʬ³ä¤¹¤ë (ʸ»úÎó¤ÎÇÛÎó¤È¤·¤ÆÊÖ¤¹)¡¥
+
+      _merge_tklist(str, str, ... )
+         : Tcl/Tk ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤°ú¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎ󤬤½¤ì¤¾¤ì
+         : Àµ¤·¤¯°ì¤Ä¤Î¥ê¥¹¥ÈÍ×ÁǤȤʤë¤è¤¦¤ËÏ¢·ë¤·¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤òÊÖ¤¹¡¥
+
+      _conv_listelement(str)
+         : Tcl/Tk ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤°ú¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎó¤¬ Tcl ¤Î
+         : °ì¤Ä¤Î¥ê¥¹¥ÈÍ×ÁǤȤ·¤ÆŬÀÚ¤Êɽ¸½¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤¿Ê¸
+         : »úÎó¤òÊÖ¤¹¡¥
+
       mainloop
       mainloop_watchdog
          : ¥¹¥ì¡¼¥Ö IP ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¥ë¡¼¥×¤òµ¯Æ°¤»¤º¤Ë nil ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡¥
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/README.1st b/ext/tcltklib/README.1st
index 510dd1c2c..48e3a2b66 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/README.1st
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/README.1st
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ some or all of the following options.
  --with-tcllib=<libname>    (e.g. libtcl8.3.so ==> --with-tcllib=tcl8.3)
  --with-tklib=<libname>     (e.g. libtk8.3.so  ==> --with-tklib=tk8.3)
 
- --enable_tcltk_stubs       (if you force to enable stubs)
+ --enable-tcltk_stubs       (if you force to enable stubs)
 
  --with-tcl-dir=<path> 
       equal to "--with-tcl-include=<path>/include --with-tcl-lib=<path>/lib"
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines1.rb b/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines1.rb
index e459589f5..9f21ae637 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines1.rb
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines1.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /usr/local/bin/ruby
 
-require "tk"
+require "tcltk"
 
 def drawlines()
   print Time.now, "\n"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def drawlines()
       col = "red"
     end
     for i in 0 .. 99
-#      TkcLine.new($a, i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
+#      $a.e("create line", i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
     end
   end
 
@@ -29,26 +29,22 @@ def drawlines()
       col = "red"
     end
     for i in 0 .. 99
-      TkcLine.new($a, i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
+      $a.e("create line", i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
     end
   end
 
   print Time.now, "\n"
-#  Tk.root.destroy
+#  $ip.commands()["destroy"].e($root)
 end
 
-$a = TkCanvas.new{
-  height(500)
-  width(500)
-}
+$ip = TclTkInterpreter.new()
+$root = $ip.rootwidget()
+$a = TclTkWidget.new($ip, $root, "canvas", "-height 500 -width 500")
+$c = TclTkCallback.new($ip, proc{drawlines()})
+$b = TclTkWidget.new($ip, $root, "button", "-text draw -command", $c)
 
-$b = TkButton.new{
-  text("draw")
-  command(proc{drawlines()})
-}
+$ip.commands()["pack"].e($a, $b, "-side left")
 
-TkPack.configure($a, $b, {"side"=>"left"})
-
-Tk.mainloop
+TclTk.mainloop
 
 # eof
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines2.rb b/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines2.rb
index 9f21ae637..e459589f5 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines2.rb
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/demo/lines2.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /usr/local/bin/ruby
 
-require "tcltk"
+require "tk"
 
 def drawlines()
   print Time.now, "\n"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def drawlines()
       col = "red"
     end
     for i in 0 .. 99
-#      $a.e("create line", i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
+#      TkcLine.new($a, i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
     end
   end
 
@@ -29,22 +29,26 @@ def drawlines()
       col = "red"
     end
     for i in 0 .. 99
-      $a.e("create line", i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
+      TkcLine.new($a, i, 0, 0, 500 - i, "-fill", col)
     end
   end
 
   print Time.now, "\n"
-#  $ip.commands()["destroy"].e($root)
+#  Tk.root.destroy
 end
 
-$ip = TclTkInterpreter.new()
-$root = $ip.rootwidget()
-$a = TclTkWidget.new($ip, $root, "canvas", "-height 500 -width 500")
-$c = TclTkCallback.new($ip, proc{drawlines()})
-$b = TclTkWidget.new($ip, $root, "button", "-text draw -command", $c)
+$a = TkCanvas.new{
+  height(500)
+  width(500)
+}
 
-$ip.commands()["pack"].e($a, $b, "-side left")
+$b = TkButton.new{
+  text("draw")
+  command(proc{drawlines()})
+}
 
-TclTk.mainloop
+TkPack.configure($a, $b, {"side"=>"left"})
+
+Tk.mainloop
 
 # eof
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/extconf.rb b/ext/tcltklib/extconf.rb
index 575bf7803..6b2fcdd4a 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/extconf.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 require 'mkmf'
 
-if RUBY_PLATFORM !~ /mswin32|mingw|cygwin|bccwin32/
+is_win32 = (/mswin32|mingw|cygwin|bccwin32/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM)
+
+unless is_win32
   have_library("nsl", "t_open")
   have_library("socket", "socket")
   have_library("dl", "dlopen")
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs)
   elsif find_library("tcl", func, *paths)
     true
   else
-    %w[8.4 8.3 8.2 8.0 7.6].find { |ver|
+    %w[8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.6].find { |ver|
       find_library("tcl#{ver}", func, *paths) or
 	find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths)
     }
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ def find_tk(tklib, stubs)
   elsif find_library("tk", func, *paths)
     true
   else
-    %w[8.4 8.3 8.2 8.0 4.2].find { |ver|
+    %w[8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 4.2].find { |ver|
       find_library("tk#{ver}", func, *paths) or
 	find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths)
     }
@@ -48,11 +50,73 @@ def find_tk(tklib, stubs)
 end
 
 if have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") &&
-    (/mswin32|mingw|cygwin|bccwin32/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM || find_library("X11", "XOpenDisplay",
-	"/usr/X11/lib", "/usr/lib/X11", "/usr/X11R6/lib", "/usr/openwin/lib")) &&
+    (is_win32 || find_library("X11", "XOpenDisplay",
+      "/usr/X11/lib", "/usr/lib/X11", "/usr/X11R6/lib", "/usr/openwin/lib")) &&
     find_tcl(tcllib, stubs) &&
     find_tk(tklib, stubs)
   $CPPFLAGS += ' -DUSE_TCL_STUBS -DUSE_TK_STUBS' if stubs
   $CPPFLAGS += ' -D_WIN32' if /cygwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
-  create_makefile("tcltklib")
+
+  pthread_enabled = macro_defined?('HAVE_LIBPTHREAD', '#include "ruby.h"')
+
+  if try_run(<<EOF)
+#include <tcl.h>
+static Tcl_ThreadDataKey dataKey;
+int main() { exit((Tcl_GetThreadData(&dataKey, 1) == dataKey)? 1: 0); }
+EOF
+    tcl_enable_thread = true
+  else
+    tcl_enable_thread = false
+  end
+
+  unless pthread_enabled
+    if tcl_enable_thread
+      # ruby -> disable && tcl -> enable
+      puts(%Q'\
+*****************************************************************************
+**
+** PTHREAD SUPPORT MODE ERRROR: 
+**
+**   Ruby is not compiled with --enable-pthread, but your Tcl/Tk 
+**   libararies seems to be compiled with "pthread support". This 
+**   combination possibly cause "Hang-up" or "Segmentation Fault" 
+**   frequently when Ruby/Tk is working. We NEVER recommend you to 
+**   create the library under such combination of pthread support. 
+**
+**   Please recompile Ruby with "--enable-pthread" configure option 
+**   or recompile Tcl/Tk with "--disable-threads" configure option.
+**
+*****************************************************************************
+')
+    else
+      # ruby -> disable && tcl -> disable
+      create_makefile("tcltklib")
+    end
+  else
+    unless tcl_enable_thread
+      # ruby -> enable && tcl -> disable
+      puts(%Q'\
+*****************************************************************************
+**
+** PTHREAD SUPPORT MODE WARNING: 
+**
+**   Ruby is compiled with --enable-pthread, but your Tcl/Tk libraries
+**   seems to be compiled without "pthread support". Although You can 
+**   create tcltklib library, this combination may cause memory trouble 
+**   (e.g. "Hang-up" or "Segmentation Fault"). If you have no reason you
+**   must have to keep current pthread support status, we recommend you 
+**   to make both or neither libraries to support pthread.
+**
+**   If you want change the status of pthread support, please recompile 
+**   Ruby without "--enable-pthread" configure option or recompile Tcl/Tk 
+**   with "--enable-threads" configure option (if your Tcl/Tk is later 
+**   than Tcl/Tk8.1).
+**
+*****************************************************************************
+')
+    end
+    # ruby -> enable && tcl -> enable/disable
+
+    create_makefile("tcltklib")
+  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c b/ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c
index 271aa00e1..eea7ace7f 100644
--- a/ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c
+++ b/ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c
@@ -36,28 +36,62 @@
 #   endif
 #  endif
 # endif
-#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 */
+#else  /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 # ifdef CONST
 #  define CONST84 CONST
 # else
+#  define CONST
 #  define CONST84
 # endif
 #endif
 
-/* for ruby_debug */
+/* copied from eval.c */
+#define TAG_RETURN      0x1
+#define TAG_BREAK       0x2
+#define TAG_NEXT        0x3
+#define TAG_RETRY       0x4
+#define TAG_REDO        0x5
+#define TAG_RAISE       0x6
+#define TAG_FATAL       0x8
 
-#define DUMP1(ARG1) if (ruby_debug) { fprintf(stderr, "tcltklib: %s\n", ARG1);}
+/* for ruby_debug */
+#define DUMP1(ARG1) if (ruby_debug) { fprintf(stderr, "tcltklib: %s\n", ARG1); fflush(stderr); }
 #define DUMP2(ARG1, ARG2) if (ruby_debug) { fprintf(stderr, "tcltklib: ");\
-fprintf(stderr, ARG1, ARG2); fprintf(stderr, "\n"); }
+fprintf(stderr, ARG1, ARG2); fprintf(stderr, "\n"); fflush(stderr); }
 /*
 #define DUMP1(ARG1)
 #define DUMP2(ARG1, ARG2)
 */
 
+/* finalize_proc_name */
+static char *finalize_hook_name = "INTERP_FINALIZE_HOOK";
+
 /* for callback break & continue */
+static VALUE eTkCallbackReturn;
 static VALUE eTkCallbackBreak;
 static VALUE eTkCallbackContinue;
 
+static VALUE eLocalJumpError;
+
+static ID ID_at_enc;
+static ID ID_at_interp;
+
+static ID ID_stop_p;
+static ID ID_kill;
+static ID ID_join;
+
+static ID ID_call;
+static ID ID_backtrace;
+static ID ID_message;
+
+static ID ID_at_reason;
+static ID ID_return;
+static ID ID_break;
+static ID ID_next;
+
+static ID ID_to_s;
+static ID ID_inspect;
+
 static VALUE ip_invoke_real _((int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 static VALUE ip_invoke _((int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 
@@ -78,23 +112,45 @@ int *tclDummyMathPtr = (int *) matherr;
 struct invoke_queue {
     Tcl_Event ev;
     int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-    int done;
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    Tcl_Obj **argv;
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    char **argv;
+#endif
+    VALUE interp;
+    int *done;
     int safe_level;
-    VALUE *result;
+    VALUE result;
     VALUE thread;
 };
 
 struct eval_queue {
     Tcl_Event ev;
-    VALUE str;
-    VALUE obj;
-    int done;
+    char *str;
+    int len;
+    VALUE interp;
+    int *done;
     int safe_level;
-    VALUE *result;
+    VALUE result;
     VALUE thread;
 };
+
+void 
+invoke_queue_mark(struct invoke_queue *q)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(q->interp);
+    rb_gc_mark(q->result);
+    rb_gc_mark(q->thread);
+}
+
+void 
+eval_queue_mark(struct eval_queue *q)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(q->interp);
+    rb_gc_mark(q->result);
+    rb_gc_mark(q->thread);
+}
+
  
 static VALUE eventloop_thread;
 static VALUE watchdog_thread;
@@ -128,9 +184,11 @@ static int loop_counter = 0;
 static int check_rootwidget_flag = 0;
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-static int ip_ruby _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, Tcl_Obj *CONST*));
-#else
-static int ip_ruby _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, char **));
+static int ip_ruby_eval _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, Tcl_Obj *CONST*));
+static int ip_ruby_cmd _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, Tcl_Obj *CONST*));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static int ip_ruby_eval _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, char **));
+static int ip_ruby_cmd _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, char **));
 #endif
 
 /*---- class TclTkIp ----*/
@@ -161,10 +219,16 @@ static void
 _timer_for_tcl(clientData)
     ClientData clientData;
 {
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
     /* struct invoke_queue *q, *tmp; */
     /* VALUE thread; */
 
     DUMP1("called timer_for_tcl");
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     Tk_DeleteTimerHandler(timer_token);
 
     run_timer_flag = 1;
@@ -176,6 +240,8 @@ _timer_for_tcl(clientData)
 	timer_token = (Tcl_TimerToken)NULL;
     }
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     /* rb_thread_schedule(); */
     /* tick_counter += event_loop_max; */
 }
@@ -186,6 +252,7 @@ set_eventloop_tick(self, tick)
     VALUE tick;
 {
     int ttick = NUM2INT(tick);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
     rb_secure(4);
 
@@ -194,6 +261,9 @@ set_eventloop_tick(self, tick)
 		 "timer-tick parameter must be 0 or positive number");
     }
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     /* delete old timer callback */
     Tk_DeleteTimerHandler(timer_token);
 
@@ -206,6 +276,8 @@ set_eventloop_tick(self, tick)
 	timer_token = (Tcl_TimerToken)NULL;
     }
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     return tick;
 }
 
@@ -335,6 +407,39 @@ ip_get_eventloop_weight(self)
 }
 
 static VALUE
+set_max_block_time(self, time)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE time;
+{
+    struct Tcl_Time tcl_time;
+    VALUE divmod;
+
+    switch(TYPE(time)) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+    case T_BIGNUM:
+	/* time is micro-second value */
+	divmod = rb_funcall(time, rb_intern("divmod"), 1, LONG2NUM(1000000));
+	tcl_time.sec  = NUM2LONG(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[0]);
+	tcl_time.usec = NUM2LONG(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[1]);
+	break;
+
+    case T_FLOAT:
+	/* time is second value */
+	divmod = rb_funcall(time, rb_intern("divmod"), 1, INT2FIX(1));
+	tcl_time.sec  = NUM2LONG(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[0]);
+	tcl_time.usec = (long)(NUM2DBL(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[1]) * 1000000);
+
+    default:
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for time: '%s'", 
+		 RSTRING(rb_funcall(time, ID_inspect, 0, 0))->ptr);
+    }
+
+    Tcl_SetMaxBlockTime(&tcl_time);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
 lib_evloop_abort_on_exc(self)
     VALUE self;
 {
@@ -361,7 +466,7 @@ lib_evloop_abort_on_exc_set(self, val)
     rb_secure(4);
     if (RTEST(val)) {
 	event_loop_abort_on_exc =  1;
-    } else if (val == Qnil) {
+    } else if (NIL_P(val)) {
 	event_loop_abort_on_exc = -1;
     } else {
 	event_loop_abort_on_exc =  0;
@@ -391,13 +496,19 @@ lib_num_of_mainwindows(self)
 }
 
 static int
-lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
+lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var)
     int check_root;
+    int update_flag;
     int *check_var;
 {
     VALUE current = eventloop_thread;
     int found_event = 1;
+    int event_flag;
     struct timeval t;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+
+    if (update_flag) DUMP1("update loop start!!");
 
     t.tv_sec = (time_t)0;
     t.tv_usec = (time_t)(no_event_wait*1000.0);
@@ -405,8 +516,11 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
     Tk_DeleteTimerHandler(timer_token);
     run_timer_flag = 0;
     if (timer_tick > 0) {
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 	timer_token = Tk_CreateTimerHandler(timer_tick, _timer_for_tcl, 
 					    (ClientData)0);
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
     } else {
 	timer_token = (Tcl_TimerToken)NULL;
     }
@@ -416,7 +530,13 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
 	    DUMP1("no other thread");
 	    event_loop_wait_event = 0;
 
-	    if (timer_tick == 0) {
+	    if (update_flag) {
+		event_flag = update_flag | TCL_DONT_WAIT; /* for safety */
+	    } else {
+		event_flag = TCL_ALL_EVENTS;
+	    }
+
+	    if (timer_tick == 0 && update_flag == 0) {
 		timer_tick = NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME;
 		timer_token = Tk_CreateTimerHandler(timer_tick, 
 						    _timer_for_tcl, 
@@ -429,25 +549,30 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
 		}
 	    }
 
-	    found_event = Tcl_DoOneEvent(TCL_ALL_EVENTS);
+	    found_event = Tcl_DoOneEvent(event_flag);
 
-	    if (loop_counter++ > 30000) {
-		loop_counter = 0;
+	    if (update_flag != 0) {
+	      if (found_event) {
+		DUMP1("next update loop");
+		continue;
+	      } else {
+		DUMP1("update complete");
+		return 0;
+	      }
 	    }
 
-	    if (run_timer_flag) {
-		/* 
-		DUMP1("timer interrupt");
+	    DUMP1("check Root Widget");
+	    if (check_root && Tk_GetNumMainWindows() == 0) {
 		run_timer_flag = 0;
-		DUMP1("call rb_trap_exec()");
-		rb_trap_exec();
-		*/
-		DUMP1("check Root Widget");
-		if (check_root && Tk_GetNumMainWindows() == 0) {
-		    run_timer_flag = 0;
-		    rb_trap_exec();
-		    return 1;
+		if (!rb_prohibit_interrupt) {
+		  if (rb_trap_pending) rb_trap_exec();
 		}
+		return 1;
+	    }
+
+	    if (loop_counter++ > 30000) {
+		/* fprintf(stderr, "loop_counter > 30000\n"); */
+		loop_counter = 0;
 	    }
 
 	} else {
@@ -458,6 +583,12 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
 
 	    found_event = 1;
 
+	    if (update_flag) {
+		event_flag = update_flag | TCL_DONT_WAIT; /* for safety */
+	    } else {
+		event_flag = TCL_ALL_EVENTS | TCL_DONT_WAIT;
+	    }
+
 	    timer_tick = req_timer_tick;
 	    tick_counter = 0;
 	    while(tick_counter < event_loop_max) {
@@ -467,27 +598,40 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
 		    }
 		}
 
-		if (Tcl_DoOneEvent(TCL_ALL_EVENTS | TCL_DONT_WAIT)) {
+		if (Tcl_DoOneEvent(event_flag)) {
 		    tick_counter++;
 		} else {
+		    if (update_flag != 0) {
+			DUMP1("update complete");
+			return 0;
+		    }
 		    tick_counter += no_event_tick;
+		    rb_thread_wait_for(t);
+		}
+
+		if (watchdog_thread != 0 && eventloop_thread != current) {
+		    return 1;
+		}
 
-		    DUMP1("check Root Widget");
-		    if (check_root && Tk_GetNumMainWindows() == 0) {
-			return 1;
+		DUMP1("check Root Widget");
+		if (check_root && Tk_GetNumMainWindows() == 0) {
+		    run_timer_flag = 0;
+		    if (!rb_prohibit_interrupt) {
+		      if (rb_trap_pending) rb_trap_exec();
 		    }
+		    return 1;
+		}
 
-		    rb_thread_wait_for(t);
+		DUMP1("trap check");
+		if (!rb_prohibit_interrupt) {
+		  if (rb_trap_pending) rb_trap_exec();
 		}
 
 		if (loop_counter++ > 30000) {
+		    /* fprintf(stderr, "loop_counter > 30000\n"); */
 		    loop_counter = 0;
 		}
 
-		if (watchdog_thread != 0 && eventloop_thread != current) {
-		    return 1;
-		}
-
 		if (run_timer_flag) {
 		    /*
 		    DUMP1("timer interrupt");
@@ -496,23 +640,11 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, check_var)
 		    break; /* switch to other thread */
 		}
 	    }
-
-	    DUMP1("check Root Widget");
-	    if (check_root && Tk_GetNumMainWindows() == 0) {
-		return 1;
-	    }
 	}
 
-	/* rb_thread_schedule(); */
-	if (run_timer_flag) {
-	    run_timer_flag = 0;
-	    rb_trap_exec();
-	} else {
-            DUMP1("thread scheduling");
-	    if (is_ruby_native_thread()) {
-		rb_thread_schedule();
-	    }
-	}
+	DUMP1("trap check & thread scheduling");
+	if (update_flag == 0) CHECK_INTS;
+
     }
     return 1;
 }
@@ -523,7 +655,7 @@ lib_eventloop_main(check_rootwidget)
 {
     check_rootwidget_flag = RTEST(check_rootwidget);
 
-    if (lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, (int *)NULL)) {
+    if (lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, 0, (int *)NULL)) {
 	return Qtrue;
     } else {
 	return Qfalse;
@@ -614,8 +746,8 @@ lib_watchdog_core(check_rootwidget)
 
     /* check other watchdog thread */
     if (watchdog_thread != 0) {
-	if (RTEST(rb_funcall(watchdog_thread, rb_intern("stop?"), 0))) {
-	    rb_funcall(watchdog_thread, rb_intern("kill"), 0);
+	if (RTEST(rb_funcall(watchdog_thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+	    rb_funcall(watchdog_thread, ID_kill, 0);
 	} else {
 	    return Qnil;
 	}
@@ -626,7 +758,7 @@ lib_watchdog_core(check_rootwidget)
     do {
 	if (eventloop_thread == 0 
 	    || (loop_counter == prev_val
-		&& RTEST(rb_funcall(eventloop_thread, rb_intern("stop?"), 0))
+		&& RTEST(rb_funcall(eventloop_thread, ID_stop_p, 0))
 		&& ++chance >= 3 )
 	    ) {
 	    /* start new eventloop thread */
@@ -703,7 +835,7 @@ lib_do_one_event_core(argc, argv, self, is_ip)
     VALUE self;
     int   is_ip;
 {
-    VALUE vflags;
+    volatile VALUE vflags;
     int flags;
     int found_event;
 
@@ -727,7 +859,8 @@ lib_do_one_event_core(argc, argv, self, is_ip)
 	}
     }
 
-    found_event = Tcl_DoOneEvent(TCL_ALL_EVENTS | TCL_DONT_WAIT);
+    /* found_event = Tcl_DoOneEvent(TCL_ALL_EVENTS | TCL_DONT_WAIT); */
+    found_event = Tcl_DoOneEvent(flags);
 
     if (found_event) {
 	return Qtrue;
@@ -755,13 +888,97 @@ ip_do_one_event(argc, argv, self)
 }
 
 
-/* Tcl command `ruby' */
+static void
+ip_set_exc_message(interp, exc)
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;
+    VALUE exc;
+{
+    char *buf;
+    Tcl_DString dstr;
+    volatile VALUE msg;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || (TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION > 0)
+    volatile VALUE enc;
+    Tcl_Encoding encoding;
+#endif
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    msg = rb_funcall(exc, ID_message, 0, 0);
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || (TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION > 0)
+    enc = rb_ivar_get(exc, ID_at_enc);
+    if (NIL_P(enc)) {
+      enc = rb_ivar_get(msg, ID_at_enc);
+    }
+    if (NIL_P(enc)) {
+      encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+    } else if (TYPE(enc) == T_STRING) {
+      encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+    } else {
+      enc = rb_funcall(enc, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+      encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+    }
+
+    /* to avoid a garbled error message dialog */
+    buf = ALLOC_N(char, (RSTRING(msg)->len)+1);
+    strncpy(buf, RSTRING(msg)->ptr, RSTRING(msg)->len);
+    buf[RSTRING(msg)->len] = 0;
+
+    Tcl_DStringInit(&dstr);
+    Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
+    Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding, buf, RSTRING(msg)->len, &dstr);
+
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr), (char*)NULL);
+    DUMP2("error message:%s", Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr));
+    free(buf);
+
+#else /* TCL_VERSION <= 8.0 */
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(msg)->ptr, (char*)NULL);
+#endif
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+TkStringValue(obj)
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    switch(TYPE(obj)) {
+    case T_STRING:
+	return obj;
+
+    case T_NIL:
+	return rb_str_new2("");
+
+    case T_TRUE:
+	return rb_str_new2("1");
+
+    case T_FALSE:
+	return rb_str_new2("0");
+
+    case T_ARRAY:
+	return rb_funcall(obj, ID_join, 1, rb_str_new2(" "));
+
+    default:
+	if (rb_respond_to(obj, ID_to_s)) {
+	    return rb_funcall(obj, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+	}
+    }
+
+    return rb_funcall(obj, ID_inspect, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* Tcl command `ruby'|`ruby_eval' */
 static VALUE
 ip_ruby_eval_rescue(failed, einfo)
-    VALUE *failed;
+    VALUE failed;
     VALUE einfo;
 {
-    *failed = einfo;
+    DUMP1("call ip_ruby_eval_rescue");
+    RARRAY(failed)->ptr[0] = einfo;
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -772,76 +989,265 @@ struct eval_body_arg {
 
 static VALUE
 ip_ruby_eval_body(arg)
-     struct eval_body_arg *arg;
+    struct eval_body_arg *arg;
 {
+    VALUE ret;
+    int status = 0;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    DUMP1("call ip_ruby_eval_body");
     rb_trap_immediate = 0;
-    return rb_rescue2(rb_eval_string, (VALUE)arg->string, 
-		      ip_ruby_eval_rescue, (VALUE)&(arg->failed),
+
+#if 0
+    ret = rb_rescue2(rb_eval_string, (VALUE)arg->string, 
+		      ip_ruby_eval_rescue, arg->failed,
 		      rb_eStandardError, rb_eScriptError, rb_eSystemExit, 
 		      (VALUE)0);
+#else
+
+    ret = rb_eval_string_protect(arg->string, &status);
+    if (status) {
+	char *errtype, *buf;
+	int  errtype_len, len;
+	VALUE old_gc;
+
+	old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+	switch(status) {
+	case TAG_RETURN:
+	    errtype = "LocalJumpError: ";
+	    errtype_len = strlen(errtype);
+	    len = errtype_len + RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len;
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+	    strncpy(buf, errtype, errtype_len);
+	    strncpy(buf + errtype_len, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->ptr, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len);
+	    *(buf + len) = 0;
+
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackReturn, buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_BREAK:
+	    errtype = "LocalJumpError: ";
+	    errtype_len = strlen(errtype);
+	    len = errtype_len + RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len;
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+	    strncpy(buf, errtype, errtype_len);
+	    strncpy(buf + errtype_len, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->ptr, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len);
+	    *(buf + len) = 0;
+
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackBreak, buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_NEXT:
+	    errtype = "LocalJumpError: ";
+	    errtype_len = strlen(errtype);
+	    len = errtype_len + RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len;
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+	    strncpy(buf, errtype, errtype_len);
+	    strncpy(buf + errtype_len, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->ptr, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len);
+	    *(buf + len) = 0;
+
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackContinue,buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_RETRY:
+	case TAG_REDO:
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = ruby_errinfo;
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_RAISE:
+	case TAG_FATAL:
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = ruby_errinfo;
+	    break;
+
+	default:
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, 256);
+	    sprintf(buf, "unknown loncaljmp status %d", status);
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+
+	ret = Qnil;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    return ret;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ip_ruby_eval_ensure(trapflag)
-     VALUE trapflag;
+    VALUE trapflag;
 {
     rb_trap_immediate = NUM2INT(trapflag);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+
 static int
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-ip_ruby(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
+ip_ruby_eval(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
     ClientData clientData;
     Tcl_Interp *interp; 
     int argc;
     Tcl_Obj *CONST argv[];
-#else
-ip_ruby(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+ip_ruby_eval(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
     ClientData clientData;
     Tcl_Interp *interp;
     int argc;
     char *argv[];
 #endif
 {
-    VALUE res;
+    volatile VALUE res;
+    volatile VALUE exception = rb_ary_new2(1);
     int old_trapflag;
-    struct eval_body_arg arg;
-    int  dummy;
+    struct eval_body_arg *arg;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
     /* ruby command has 1 arg. */
     if (argc != 2) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", 
+		 argc - 1);
     }
 
+    /* allocate */
+    arg = ALLOC(struct eval_body_arg);
+
     /* get C string from Tcl object */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-    arg.string = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[1], &dummy);
-#else
-    arg.string = argv[1];
+    {
+      char *str;
+      int  len;
+
+      thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+      rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+      str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[1], &len);
+      arg->string = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+      strncpy(arg->string, str, len);
+      arg->string[len] = 0;
+
+      rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    arg->string = argv[1];
 #endif
-    arg.failed = 0;
+    /* arg.failed = 0; */
+    RARRAY(exception)->ptr[0] = Qnil;
+    arg->failed = exception;
 
     /* evaluate the argument string by ruby */
-    DUMP2("rb_eval_string(%s)", arg.string);
+    DUMP2("rb_eval_string(%s)", arg->string);
     old_trapflag = rb_trap_immediate;
-    res = rb_ensure(ip_ruby_eval_body, (VALUE)&arg, 
+#ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
+    if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
+	rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_ruby_eval()");
+    }
+#endif
+    res = rb_ensure(ip_ruby_eval_body, (VALUE)arg, 
 		    ip_ruby_eval_ensure, INT2FIX(old_trapflag));
 
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    free(arg->string);
+#endif
+
+    free(arg);
+
     /* status check */
-    if (arg.failed) {
-        VALUE eclass = CLASS_OF(arg.failed);
+    /* if (arg.failed) { */
+    if (!NIL_P(RARRAY(exception)->ptr[0])) {
+        VALUE eclass;
+        volatile VALUE backtrace;
+
 	DUMP1("(rb_eval_string result) failed");
+
 	Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
-	Tcl_AppendResult(interp, StringValuePtr(arg.failed), (char*)NULL);
-        if (eclass == eTkCallbackBreak) {
+
+	res = RARRAY(exception)->ptr[0];
+	eclass = rb_obj_class(res);
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	DUMP1("set backtrace");
+	backtrace = rb_ary_join(rb_funcall(res, ID_backtrace, 0, 0), 
+				rb_str_new2("\n"));
+	StringValue(backtrace);
+	Tcl_AddErrorInfo(interp, RSTRING(backtrace)->ptr);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (eclass == eTkCallbackReturn) {
+	    return TCL_RETURN;
+
+	} else if (eclass == eTkCallbackBreak) {
 	    return TCL_BREAK;
+
 	} else if (eclass == eTkCallbackContinue) {
 	    return TCL_CONTINUE;
+
 	} else if (eclass == rb_eSystemExit) {
-	    Tcl_Eval(interp, "destroy .");
-	    rb_raise(rb_eSystemExit, StringValuePtr(arg.failed));
+	    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	    /* Tcl_Eval(interp, "destroy ."); */
+	    if (Tk_GetNumMainWindows() > 0) {
+		Tk_Window main_win = Tk_MainWindow(interp);
+		if (main_win != (Tk_Window)NULL) {
+		    Tk_DestroyWindow(main_win);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    /* StringValue(res); */
+	    res = rb_funcall(res, ID_message, 0, 0);
+
+	    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(res)->ptr, (char*)NULL);
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	    rb_raise(rb_eSystemExit, RSTRING(res)->ptr);
+
+	} else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(res, eLocalJumpError)) {
+	    VALUE reason = rb_ivar_get(res, ID_at_reason);
+
+	    if (TYPE(reason) != T_SYMBOL) {
+		ip_set_exc_message(interp, res);
+		return TCL_ERROR;
+	    }
+
+	    if (SYM2ID(reason) == ID_return) {
+		return TCL_RETURN;
+
+	    } else if (SYM2ID(reason) == ID_break) {
+		return TCL_BREAK;
+
+	    } else if (SYM2ID(reason) == ID_next) {
+		return TCL_CONTINUE;
+
+	    } else {
+		ip_set_exc_message(interp, res);
+		return TCL_ERROR;
+	    }
 	} else {
+	    ip_set_exc_message(interp, res);
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
     }
@@ -854,11 +1260,390 @@ ip_ruby(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
     }
 
     /* copy result to the tcl interpreter */
-    DUMP2("(rb_eval_string result) %s", StringValuePtr(res));
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    res = TkStringValue(res);
+    DUMP2("(rb_eval_string result) %s", RSTRING(res)->ptr);
+    DUMP1("Tcl_AppendResult");
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(res)->ptr, (char *)NULL);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    return TCL_OK;
+}
+
+
+/* Tcl command `ruby_cmd' */
+struct cmd_body_arg {
+    VALUE receiver;
+    ID    method;
+    VALUE args;
+    VALUE failed;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ip_ruby_cmd_core(arg)
+    struct cmd_body_arg *arg;
+{
+    VALUE ret;
+
+    DUMP1("call ip_ruby_cmd_core");
+    ret = rb_apply(arg->receiver, arg->method, arg->args);
+    DUMP1("finish ip_ruby_cmd_core");
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_ruby_cmd_rescue(failed, einfo)
+    VALUE failed;
+    VALUE einfo;
+{
+    DUMP1("call ip_ruby_cmd_rescue");
+    RARRAY(failed)->ptr[0] = einfo;
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_ruby_cmd_body(arg)
+    struct cmd_body_arg *arg;
+{
+    VALUE ret;
+    int status = 0;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    VALUE old_gc;
+
+    volatile VALUE receiver = arg->receiver;
+    volatile VALUE args     = arg->args;
+    volatile VALUE failed   = arg->failed;
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    DUMP1("call ip_ruby_cmd_body");
+    rb_trap_immediate = 0;
+
+#if 0
+    ret = rb_rescue2(ip_ruby_cmd_core, (VALUE)arg, 
+		     ip_ruby_cmd_rescue, arg->failed,
+		     rb_eStandardError, rb_eScriptError, rb_eSystemExit, 
+		     (VALUE)0);
+#else
+    ret = rb_protect(ip_ruby_cmd_core, (VALUE)arg, &status);
+
+    if (status) {
+	char *errtype, *buf;
+	int  errtype_len, len;
+
+	old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+	switch(status) {
+	case TAG_RETURN:
+	    errtype = "LocalJumpError: ";
+	    errtype_len = strlen(errtype);
+	    len = errtype_len + RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len;
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+	    strncpy(buf, errtype, errtype_len);
+	    strncpy(buf + errtype_len, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->ptr, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len);
+	    *(buf + len) = 0;
+
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackReturn, buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_BREAK:
+	    errtype = "LocalJumpError: ";
+	    errtype_len = strlen(errtype);
+	    len = errtype_len + RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len;
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+	    strncpy(buf, errtype, errtype_len);
+	    strncpy(buf + errtype_len, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->ptr, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len);
+	    *(buf + len) = 0;
+
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackBreak, buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_NEXT:
+	    errtype = "LocalJumpError: ";
+	    errtype_len = strlen(errtype);
+	    len = errtype_len + RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len;
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+	    strncpy(buf, errtype, errtype_len);
+	    strncpy(buf + errtype_len, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->ptr, 
+		    RSTRING(rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo))->len);
+	    *(buf + len) = 0;
+
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackContinue,buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_RETRY:
+	case TAG_REDO:
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = ruby_errinfo;
+	    break;
+
+	case TAG_RAISE:
+	case TAG_FATAL:
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = ruby_errinfo;
+	    break;
+
+	default:
+	    buf = ALLOC_N(char, 256);
+	    rb_warn(buf, "unknown loncaljmp status %d", status);
+	    RARRAY(arg->failed)->ptr[0] = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, buf);
+	    free(buf);
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+
+	ret = Qnil;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+    DUMP1("finish ip_ruby_cmd_body");
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_ruby_cmd_ensure(trapflag)
+    VALUE trapflag;
+{
+    rb_trap_immediate = NUM2INT(trapflag);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* ruby_cmd receiver method arg ... */
+static int
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
+    ClientData clientData;
+    Tcl_Interp *interp; 
+    int argc;
+    Tcl_Obj *CONST argv[];
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
+    ClientData clientData;
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;
+    int argc;
+    char *argv[];
+#endif
+{
+    volatile VALUE res;
+    volatile VALUE receiver;
+    volatile ID method;
+    volatile VALUE args = rb_ary_new2(argc - 2);
+    volatile VALUE exception = rb_ary_new2(1);
+    char *str;
+    int i;
+    int  len;
+    int old_trapflag;
+    struct cmd_body_arg *arg;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    VALUE old_gc;
+
+    if (argc < 3) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments");
+    }
+
+    /* allocate */
+    arg = ALLOC(struct cmd_body_arg);
+
+    /* get arguments from Tcl objects */
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+    old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+    /* get receiver */
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[1], &len);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    str = argv[1];
+#endif
+    DUMP2("receiver:%s",str);
+    if (str[0] == ':' || ('A' <= str[0] && str[0] <= 'Z')) {
+	/* class | module | constant */
+	receiver = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern(str));
+    } else if (str[0] == '$') {
+	/* global variable */
+	receiver = rb_gv_get(str);
+    } else {
+	/* global variable omitted '$' */
+	char *buf;
+
+	len = strlen(str);
+	buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 2);
+	buf[0] = '$';
+	strncpy(buf + 1, str, len);
+	buf[len + 1] = 0;
+	receiver = rb_gv_get(buf);
+	free(buf);
+    }
+    if (NIL_P(receiver)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown class/module/global-variable '%s'", 
+		 str);
+    }
+
+    /* get metrhod */
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[2], &len);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    str = argv[2];
+#endif
+    method = rb_intern(str);
+
+    /* get args */
+    RARRAY(args)->len = 0;
+    for(i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[i], &len);
+	DUMP2("arg:%s",str);
+	RARRAY(args)->ptr[RARRAY(args)->len++] = rb_tainted_str_new(str, len);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	DUMP2("arg:%s",argv[i]);
+	RARRAY(args)->ptr[RARRAY(args)->len++] = rb_tainted_str_new2(argv[i]);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    RARRAY(exception)->ptr[0] = Qnil;
+
+    arg->receiver = receiver;
+    arg->method = method;
+    arg->args = args;
+    arg->failed = exception;
+
+    /* evaluate the argument string by ruby */
+    old_trapflag = rb_trap_immediate;
+#ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
+    if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
+	rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_ruby_cmd()");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    res = rb_ensure(ip_ruby_cmd_body, (VALUE)arg, 
+		    ip_ruby_cmd_ensure, INT2FIX(old_trapflag));
+
+    free(arg);
+
+    /* status check */
+    /* if (arg.failed) { */
+    if (!NIL_P(RARRAY(exception)->ptr[0])) {
+        VALUE eclass;
+        volatile VALUE backtrace;
+
+	DUMP1("(rb_eval_cmd result) failed");
+
+	Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+
+	res = RARRAY(exception)->ptr[0];
+	eclass = rb_obj_class(res);
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	DUMP1("set backtrace");
+	backtrace = rb_ary_join(rb_funcall(res, ID_backtrace, 0, 0), 
+				rb_str_new2("\n"));
+	StringValue(backtrace);
+	Tcl_AddErrorInfo(interp, RSTRING(backtrace)->ptr);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (eclass == eTkCallbackReturn) {
+	    return TCL_RETURN;
+
+	} else if (eclass == eTkCallbackBreak) {
+	    return TCL_BREAK;
+
+	} else if (eclass == eTkCallbackContinue) {
+	    return TCL_CONTINUE;
+
+	} else if (eclass == rb_eSystemExit) {
+	    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	    /* Tcl_Eval(interp, "destroy ."); */
+	    if (Tk_GetNumMainWindows() > 0) {
+		Tk_Window main_win = Tk_MainWindow(interp);
+		if (main_win != (Tk_Window)NULL) {
+		    Tk_DestroyWindow(main_win);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    /* StringValue(res); */
+	    res = rb_funcall(res, ID_message, 0, 0);
+
+	    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(res)->ptr, (char*)NULL);
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	    rb_raise(rb_eSystemExit, RSTRING(res)->ptr);
+	} else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(res, eLocalJumpError)) {
+	    VALUE reason = rb_ivar_get(res, ID_at_reason);
+
+	    if (TYPE(reason) != T_SYMBOL) {
+		ip_set_exc_message(interp, res);
+		return TCL_ERROR;
+	    }
+
+	    if (SYM2ID(reason) == ID_return) {
+		return TCL_RETURN;
+
+	    } else if (SYM2ID(reason) == ID_break) {
+		return TCL_BREAK;
+
+	    } else if (SYM2ID(reason) == ID_next) {
+		return TCL_CONTINUE;
+
+	    } else {
+		ip_set_exc_message(interp, res);
+		return TCL_ERROR;
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    ip_set_exc_message(interp, res);
+	    return TCL_ERROR;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* result must be string or nil */
+    if (NIL_P(res)) {
+	DUMP1("(rb_eval_cmd result) nil");
+	Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+	return TCL_OK;
+    }
+
+
+    /* copy result to the tcl interpreter */
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+   
+    old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+    res = TkStringValue(res);
+
+    if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+    DUMP2("(rb_eval_cmd result) '%s'", RSTRING(res)->ptr);
     DUMP1("Tcl_AppendResult");
     Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
-    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, StringValuePtr(res), (char *)NULL);
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(res)->ptr, (char *)NULL);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
+    DUMP1("end of ip_ruby_cmd");
     return TCL_OK;
 }
 
@@ -866,8 +1651,236 @@ ip_ruby(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
 /**************************/
 /*  based on tclEvent.c   */
 /**************************/
-static char *VwaitVarProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, CONST84 char *,
-			     CONST84 char *, int));
+
+#if 0  /* 
+	  Disable the following "update" and "thread_update". Bcause, 
+	  they don't work in a callback-proc. After calling update in 
+	  a callback-proc, the callback proc never be worked. 
+	  If the problem will be fixed in the future, may enable the 
+          functions. 
+       */
+/*********************/
+/* replace of update */
+/*********************/
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static int ip_rbUpdateObjCmd _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int,
+			       Tcl_Obj *CONST []));
+static int
+ip_rbUpdateObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
+    ClientData clientData;
+    Tcl_Interp *interp; 
+    int objc;
+    Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[];
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static int ip_rbUpdateCommand _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, char *[]));
+static int
+ip_rbUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
+    ClientData clientData;
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;
+    int objc;
+    char *objv[];
+#endif
+{
+    int  optionIndex;
+    int  ret, done;
+    int  flags = 0;
+    static CONST char *updateOptions[] = {"idletasks", (char *) NULL};
+    enum updateOptions {REGEXP_IDLETASKS};
+    char *nameString;
+    int  dummy;
+
+    DUMP1("Ruby's 'update' is called");
+    if (objc == 1) {
+	flags = TCL_ALL_EVENTS|TCL_DONT_WAIT;
+
+    } else if (objc == 2) {
+	if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], updateOptions,
+		"option", 0, &optionIndex) != TCL_OK) {
+	    return TCL_ERROR;
+	}
+	switch ((enum updateOptions) optionIndex) {
+	    case REGEXP_IDLETASKS: {
+		flags = TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS|TCL_IDLE_EVENTS|TCL_DONT_WAIT;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    default: {
+                Tcl_Panic("ip_rbUpdateObjCmd: bad option index to UpdateOptions");
+	    }
+	}
+    } else {
+#ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
+        Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "[ idletasks ]");
+#else
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
+			 Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &dummy), 
+			 " [ idletasks ]\"", 
+			 (char *) NULL);
+# else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
+			 objv[0], " [ idletasks ]\"", (char *) NULL);
+# endif
+#endif
+	return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* call eventloop */
+#if 1
+    ret = lib_eventloop_core(0, flags, (int *)NULL); /* ignore result */
+#else
+    Tcl_UpdateObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Must clear the interpreter's result because event handlers could
+     * have executed commands.
+     */
+
+    DUMP2("last result '%s'", Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+    DUMP1("finish Ruby's 'update'");
+    return TCL_OK;
+}
+
+
+/**********************/
+/* update with thread */
+/**********************/
+struct th_update_param {
+    VALUE thread;
+    int   done;
+};
+
+static void rb_threadUpdateProc _((ClientData));
+static void 
+rb_threadUpdateProc(clientData)
+    ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
+{
+    struct th_update_param *param = (struct th_update_param *) clientData;
+
+    DUMP1("threadUpdateProc is called");
+    param->done = 1;
+    rb_thread_run(param->thread);
+
+    return;
+}
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static int ip_rb_threadUpdateObjCmd _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int,
+				       Tcl_Obj *CONST []));
+static int
+ip_rb_threadUpdateObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
+    ClientData clientData;
+    Tcl_Interp *interp; 
+    int objc;
+    Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[];
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static int ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int,
+				       char *[]));
+static int
+ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
+    ClientData clientData;
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;
+    int objc;
+    char *objv[];
+#endif
+{
+    int  optionIndex;
+    int  ret, done;
+    int  flags = 0;
+    int  dummy;
+    struct th_update_param *param;
+    static CONST char *updateOptions[] = {"idletasks", (char *) NULL};
+    enum updateOptions {REGEXP_IDLETASKS};
+    volatile VALUE current_thread = rb_thread_current();
+
+    DUMP1("Ruby's 'thread_update' is called");
+
+    if (rb_thread_alone() || eventloop_thread == current_thread) {
+#define USE_TCL_UPDATE 0
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+# if USE_TCL_UPDATE
+	DUMP1("call Tcl_UpdateObjCmd");
+	return Tcl_UpdateObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
+# else
+	DUMP1("call ip_rbUpdateObjCmd");
+	return ip_rbUpdateObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
+# endif
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+# if USE_TCL_UPDATE
+	DUMP1("call ip_rbUpdateCommand");
+	return Tcl_UpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
+# else
+	DUMP1("call ip_rbUpdateCommand");
+	return ip_rbUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
+# endif 
+#endif
+    }
+
+    DUMP1("start Ruby's 'thread_update' body");
+
+    if (objc == 1) {
+	flags = TCL_ALL_EVENTS|TCL_DONT_WAIT;
+
+    } else if (objc == 2) {
+	if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], updateOptions,
+		"option", 0, &optionIndex) != TCL_OK) {
+	    return TCL_ERROR;
+	}
+	switch ((enum updateOptions) optionIndex) {
+	    case REGEXP_IDLETASKS: {
+		flags = TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS|TCL_IDLE_EVENTS|TCL_DONT_WAIT;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    default: {
+                Tcl_Panic("ip_rb_threadUpdateObjCmd: bad option index to UpdateOptions");
+	    }
+	}
+    } else {
+#ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
+        Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "[ idletasks ]");
+#else
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
+			 Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &dummy), 
+			 " [ idletasks ]\"", 
+			 (char *) NULL);
+# else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
+			 objv[0], " [ idletasks ]\"", (char *) NULL);
+# endif
+#endif
+	return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    DUMP1("pass argument check");
+
+    param = (struct th_update_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_update_param));
+    param->thread = current_thread;
+    param->done = 0;
+
+    DUMP1("set idle proc");
+    Tcl_DoWhenIdle(rb_threadUpdateProc, (ClientData) param);
+
+    while(!param->done) {
+	DUMP1("wait for complete idle proc");
+	rb_thread_stop();
+    }
+
+    Tcl_Free((char *)param);
+
+    DUMP1("finish Ruby's 'thread_update'");
+    return TCL_OK;
+}
+#endif  /* update and thread_update don't work internal callback proc */
+
+
+/***************************/
+/* replace of vwait/tkwait */
+/***************************/
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static char *VwaitVarProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, 
+			     CONST84 char *,CONST84 char *, int));
 static char *
 VwaitVarProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
@@ -875,6 +1888,16 @@ VwaitVarProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     CONST84 char *name1;        /* Name of variable. */
     CONST84 char *name2;        /* Second part of variable name. */
     int flags;                  /* Information about what happened. */
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static char *VwaitVarProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, char *, char *, int));
+static char *
+VwaitVarProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
+    ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;         /* Interpreter containing variable. */
+    char *name1;                /* Name of variable. */
+    char *name2;                /* Second part of variable name. */
+    int flags;                  /* Information about what happened. */
+#endif
 {
     int *donePtr = (int *) clientData;
 
@@ -891,7 +1914,7 @@ ip_rbVwaitObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     Tcl_Interp *interp; 
     int objc;
     Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[];
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 static int ip_rbVwaitCommand _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, char *[]));
 static int
 ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
@@ -901,44 +1924,71 @@ ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     char *objv[];
 #endif
 {
-    int  done, foundEvent;
+    int  ret, done, foundEvent;
     char *nameString;
     int  dummy;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
     DUMP1("Ruby's 'vwait' is called");
     if (objc != 2) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "name");
 #else
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 	/* nameString = Tcl_GetString(objv[0]); */
 	nameString = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &dummy);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	nameString = objv[0];
 #endif
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
 			 nameString, " name\"", (char *) NULL);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     /* nameString = Tcl_GetString(objv[1]); */
     nameString = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[1], &dummy);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     nameString = objv[1];
 #endif
 
+    /* 
     if (Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
 		     TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 		     VwaitVarProc, (ClientData) &done) != TCL_OK) {
         return TCL_ERROR;
-    };
+    }
+    */
+    ret = Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
+		       TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
+		       VwaitVarProc, (ClientData) &done);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    if (ret != TCL_OK) {
+        return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
     done = 0;
-    foundEvent = lib_eventloop_core(/* not check root-widget */0, &done);
+    foundEvent = lib_eventloop_core(/* not check root-widget */0, 0, &done);
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     Tcl_UntraceVar(interp, nameString,
 		   TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 		   VwaitVarProc, (ClientData) &done);
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     /*
      * Clear out the interpreter's result, since it may have been set
      * by event handlers.
@@ -946,8 +1996,14 @@ ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
     if (!foundEvent) {
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
         Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "can't wait for variable \"", nameString,
 			 "\":  would wait forever", (char *) NULL);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
     return TCL_OK;
@@ -957,8 +2013,9 @@ ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 /**************************/
 /*  based on tkCmd.c      */
 /**************************/
-static char *WaitVariableProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, CONST84 char *,
-				 CONST84 char *, int));
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static char *WaitVariableProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, 
+				 CONST84 char *,CONST84 char *, int));
 static char *
 WaitVariableProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
@@ -966,6 +2023,17 @@ WaitVariableProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     CONST84 char *name1;        /* Name of variable. */
     CONST84 char *name2;        /* Second part of variable name. */
     int flags;                  /* Information about what happened. */
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static char *WaitVariableProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, 
+				 char *, char *, int));
+static char *
+WaitVariableProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
+    ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;         /* Interpreter containing variable. */
+    char *name1;                /* Name of variable. */
+    char *name2;                /* Second part of variable name. */
+    int flags;                  /* Information about what happened. */
+#endif
 {
     int *donePtr = (int *) clientData;
 
@@ -1011,7 +2079,7 @@ ip_rbTkWaitObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     Tcl_Interp *interp; 
     int objc;
     Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[];
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 static int ip_rbTkWaitCommand _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int, char *[]));
 static int
 ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
@@ -1027,7 +2095,8 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 					   (char *) NULL };
     enum options { TKWAIT_VARIABLE, TKWAIT_VISIBILITY, TKWAIT_WINDOW };
     char *nameString;
-    int  dummy;
+    int ret, dummy;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
     DUMP1("Ruby's 'tkwait' is called");
 
@@ -1035,27 +2104,46 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "variable|visibility|window name");
 #else
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
 			 Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &dummy), 
 			 " variable|visibility|window name\"", 
 			 (char *) NULL);
-#else
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
 			 objv[0], " variable|visibility|window name\"", 
 			 (char *) NULL);
 #endif
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    /*
     if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], 
                             (CONST84 char **)optionStrings, 
 			    "option", 0, &index) != TCL_OK) {
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
-#else
+    */
+    ret = Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], 
+			      (CONST84 char **)optionStrings, 
+			      "option", 0, &index);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    if (ret != TCL_OK) {
+        return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     {
 	int c = objv[1][0];
 	size_t length = strlen(objv[1]);
@@ -1077,69 +2165,122 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     }
 #endif
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     /* nameString = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]); */
     nameString = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[2], &dummy);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     nameString = objv[2];
 #endif
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     switch ((enum options) index) {
     case TKWAIT_VARIABLE: {
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+	/*
 	if (Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
 			 TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 			 WaitVariableProc, (ClientData) &done) != TCL_OK) {
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
+	*/
+	ret = Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
+			   TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
+			   WaitVariableProc, (ClientData) &done);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (ret != TCL_OK) {
+	    return TCL_ERROR;
+	}
 	done = 0;
-	lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, &done);
+	lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, 0, &done);
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 	Tcl_UntraceVar(interp, nameString,
 		       TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 		       WaitVariableProc, (ClientData) &done);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	break;
     }
 
     case TKWAIT_VISIBILITY: {
 	Tk_Window window;
 
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 	window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
 	if (window == NULL) {
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
+
 	Tk_CreateEventHandler(window,
 			      VisibilityChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask,
 			      WaitVisibilityProc, (ClientData) &done);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	done = 0;
-	lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, &done);
+	lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, 0, &done);
 	if (done != 1) {
 	    /*
 	     * Note that we do not delete the event handler because it
 	     * was deleted automatically when the window was destroyed.
 	     */
+	    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
 	    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 	    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "window \"", nameString,
 			     "\" was deleted before its visibility changed",
 			     (char *) NULL);
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 	Tk_DeleteEventHandler(window,
 			      VisibilityChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask,
 			      WaitVisibilityProc, (ClientData) &done);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	break;
     }
 
     case TKWAIT_WINDOW: {
 	Tk_Window window;
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
             
 	window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
 	if (window == NULL) {
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
+
 	Tk_CreateEventHandler(window, StructureNotifyMask,
 			      WaitWindowProc, (ClientData) &done);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	done = 0;
-	lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, &done);
+	lib_eventloop_core(check_rootwidget_flag, 0, &done);
 	/*
 	 * Note:  there's no need to delete the event handler.  It was
 	 * deleted automatically when the window was destroyed.
@@ -1165,8 +2306,9 @@ struct th_vwait_param {
     int   done;
 };
 
-static char *rb_threadVwaitProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, CONST84 char *,
-				   CONST84 char *, int));
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static char *rb_threadVwaitProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, 
+				   CONST84 char *,CONST84 char *, int));
 static char *
 rb_threadVwaitProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
@@ -1174,6 +2316,17 @@ rb_threadVwaitProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     CONST84 char *name1;        /* Name of variable. */
     CONST84 char *name2;        /* Second part of variable name. */
     int flags;                  /* Information about what happened. */
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static char *rb_threadVwaitProc _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, 
+				   char *, char *, int));
+static char *
+rb_threadVwaitProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
+    ClientData clientData;      /* Pointer to integer to set to 1. */
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;         /* Interpreter containing variable. */
+    char *name1;                /* Name of variable. */
+    char *name2;                /* Second part of variable name. */
+    int flags;                  /* Information about what happened. */
+#endif
 {
     struct th_vwait_param *param = (struct th_vwait_param *) clientData;
 
@@ -1197,6 +2350,7 @@ rb_threadWaitVisibilityProc(clientData, eventPtr)
     if (eventPtr->type == DestroyNotify) {
         param->done = 2;
     }
+    rb_thread_run(param->thread);
 }
 
 static void rb_threadWaitWindowProc _((ClientData, XEvent *));
@@ -1210,6 +2364,7 @@ rb_threadWaitWindowProc(clientData, eventPtr)
     if (eventPtr->type == DestroyNotify) {
         param->done = 1;
     }
+    rb_thread_run(param->thread);
 }
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
@@ -1221,7 +2376,7 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     Tcl_Interp *interp; 
     int objc;
     Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[];
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 static int ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int,
 				       char *[]));
 static int
@@ -1234,15 +2389,17 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 {
     struct th_vwait_param *param;
     char *nameString;
-    int  dummy;
+    int ret, dummy;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    volatile VALUE current_thread = rb_thread_current();
 
     DUMP1("Ruby's 'thread_vwait' is called");
 
-    if (eventloop_thread == rb_thread_current()) {
+    if (rb_thread_alone() || eventloop_thread == current_thread) {
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 	DUMP1("call ip_rbVwaitObjCmd");
 	return ip_rbVwaitObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	DUMP1("call ip_rbVwaitCommand");
 	return ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
 #endif
@@ -1252,44 +2409,69 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "name");
 #else
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 	/* nameString = Tcl_GetString(objv[0]); */
 	nameString = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &dummy);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	nameString = objv[0];
 #endif
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
 			 nameString, " name\"", (char *) NULL);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     /* nameString = Tcl_GetString(objv[1]); */
     nameString = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[1], &dummy);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     nameString = objv[1];
 #endif
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
     param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
-    param->thread = rb_thread_current();
+    param->thread = current_thread;
     param->done = 0;
 
+    /*
     if (Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
 		     TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 		     rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param) != TCL_OK) {
         return TCL_ERROR;
-    };
+    }
+    */
+    ret = Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
+		       TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
+		       rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    if (ret != TCL_OK) {
+        return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
 
-    if (!param->done) {
+    /* if (!param->done) { */
+    while(!param->done) {
 	rb_thread_stop();
     }
 
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     Tcl_UntraceVar(interp, nameString,
 		   TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 		   rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param);
 
     Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     return TCL_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1302,7 +2484,7 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     Tcl_Interp *interp; 
     int objc;
     Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[];
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 static int ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand _((ClientData, Tcl_Interp *, int,
 					char *[]));
 static int
@@ -1320,15 +2502,17 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 					   (char *) NULL };
     enum options { TKWAIT_VARIABLE, TKWAIT_VISIBILITY, TKWAIT_WINDOW };
     char *nameString;
-    int  dummy;
+    int ret, dummy;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    volatile VALUE current_thread = rb_thread_current();
 
     DUMP1("Ruby's 'thread_tkwait' is called");
 
-    if (eventloop_thread == rb_thread_current()) {
+    if (rb_thread_alone() || eventloop_thread == current_thread) {
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 	DUMP1("call ip_rbTkWaitObjCmd");
 	return ip_rbTkWaitObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	DUMP1("call rb_VwaitCommand");
 	return ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv);
 #endif
@@ -1338,27 +2522,45 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "variable|visibility|window name");
 #else
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
 			 Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &dummy), 
 			 " variable|visibility|window name\"", 
 			 (char *) NULL);
-#else
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong number of arguments: should be \"",
 			 objv[0], " variable|visibility|window name\"", 
 			 (char *) NULL);
 #endif
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+    /*
     if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], 
                             (CONST84 char **)optionStrings, 
 			    "option", 0, &index) != TCL_OK) {
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
-#else
+    */
+    ret = Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], 
+			      (CONST84 char **)optionStrings, 
+			      "option", 0, &index);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    if (ret != TCL_OK) {
+        return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     {
 	int c = objv[1][0];
 	size_t length = strlen(objv[1]);
@@ -1380,85 +2582,139 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     }
 #endif
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     /* nameString = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]); */
     nameString = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[2], &dummy);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     nameString = objv[2];
 #endif
 
     param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
-    param->thread = rb_thread_current();
+    param->thread = current_thread;
     param->done = 0;
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     switch ((enum options) index) {
     case TKWAIT_VARIABLE: {
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+	/* 
 	if (Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
 			 TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 			 rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param) != TCL_OK) {
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
-	};
+	}
+	*/
+	ret = Tcl_TraceVar(interp, nameString,
+			 TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
+			 rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param);
 
-	if (!param->done) {
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (ret != TCL_OK) {
+	    return TCL_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	/* if (!param->done) { */
+	while(!param->done) {
 	    rb_thread_stop();
 	}
 
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 	Tcl_UntraceVar(interp, nameString,
 		       TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY|TCL_TRACE_WRITES|TCL_TRACE_UNSETS,
 		       rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	break;
     }
 
     case TKWAIT_VISIBILITY: {
 	Tk_Window window;
 
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
 	window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
 	if (window == NULL) {
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
+
 	Tk_CreateEventHandler(window,
 			      VisibilityChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask,
 			      rb_threadWaitVisibilityProc, (ClientData) param);
-	if (!param->done) {
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	/* if (!param->done) { */
+	while(!param->done) {
 	    rb_thread_stop();
 	}
-	if (param->done != 1) {
-	    /*
-	     * Note that we do not delete the event handler because it
-	     * was deleted automatically when the window was destroyed.
-	     */
 
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	Tk_DeleteEventHandler(window,
+			      VisibilityChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask,
+			      rb_threadWaitVisibilityProc, (ClientData) param);
+
+	if (param->done != 1) {
 	    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 	    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "window \"", nameString,
 			     "\" was deleted before its visibility changed",
 			     (char *) NULL);
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
-	Tk_DeleteEventHandler(window,
-			      VisibilityChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask,
-			      rb_threadWaitVisibilityProc, (ClientData) param);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	break;
     }
 
     case TKWAIT_WINDOW: {
 	Tk_Window window;
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
             
 	window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
 	if (window == NULL) {
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 	    return TCL_ERROR;
 	}
+
 	Tk_CreateEventHandler(window, StructureNotifyMask,
 			      rb_threadWaitWindowProc, (ClientData) param);
-	if (!param->done) {
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	/* if (!param->done) { */
+	while(!param->done) {
 	    rb_thread_stop();
 	}
-	/*
-	 * Note:  there's no need to delete the event handler.  It was
-	 * deleted automatically when the window was destroyed.
-	 */
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	Tk_DeleteEventHandler(window, StructureNotifyMask,
+			      rb_threadWaitWindowProc, (ClientData) param);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
 	break;
     }
-    }
+    } /* end of 'switch' statement */
 
     Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
@@ -1499,16 +2755,48 @@ ip_thread_tkwait(self, mode, target)
 
 
 /* destroy interpreter */
+VALUE del_root(ip)
+    Tcl_Interp *ip;
+{
+    Tcl_Preserve(ip);
+    Tk_DestroyWindow(Tk_MainWindow(ip));
+    Tcl_Release(ip);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
 static void
 ip_free(ptr)
     struct tcltkip *ptr;
 {
-    DUMP1("Tcl_DeleteInterp");
+    int try = 3;
+    Tcl_CmdInfo info;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+    DUMP1("free Tcl Interp");
     if (ptr) {
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	if (!Tcl_InterpDeleted(ptr->ip)) {
+	    Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
+	    Tcl_Preserve(ptr->ip);
+	    if (Tcl_GetCommandInfo(ptr->ip, finalize_hook_name, &info)) {
+		DUMP2("call finalize hook proc '%s'", finalize_hook_name);
+		Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, finalize_hook_name);
+	    }
+	    for(; try > 0; try--) {
+		if (!Tk_GetNumMainWindows()) break;
+		rb_protect(del_root, (VALUE)(ptr->ip), 0);
+	    }
+	    Tcl_Release(ptr->ip);
+	    Tcl_DeleteInterp(ptr->ip);
+	}
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)ptr->ip);
-	Tcl_DeleteInterp(ptr->ip);
 	free(ptr);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
     }
+    DUMP1("complete freeing Tcl Interp");
 }
 
 /* create and initialize interpreter */
@@ -1530,6 +2818,7 @@ ip_init(argc, argv, self)
     VALUE argv0, opts;
     int cnt;
     int with_tk = 1;
+    Tk_Window mainWin;
 
     /* create object */
     Data_Get_Struct(self, struct tcltkip, ptr);
@@ -1546,7 +2835,11 @@ ip_init(argc, argv, self)
     /* from Tcl_AppInit() */
     DUMP1("Tcl_Init");
     if (Tcl_Init(ptr->ip) == TCL_ERROR) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
     }
 
     /* set variables */
@@ -1554,7 +2847,7 @@ ip_init(argc, argv, self)
     switch(cnt) {
     case 2:
 	/* options */
-	if (opts == Qnil || opts == Qfalse) {
+	if (NIL_P(opts) || opts == Qfalse) {
 	    /* without Tk */
 	    with_tk = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -1562,7 +2855,7 @@ ip_init(argc, argv, self)
 	}
     case 1:
 	/* argv0 */
-	if (argv0 != Qnil) {
+	if (!NIL_P(argv0)) {
 	    Tcl_SetVar(ptr->ip, "argv0", StringValuePtr(argv0), 0);
 	}
     case 0:
@@ -1574,70 +2867,119 @@ ip_init(argc, argv, self)
     if (with_tk) {
 	DUMP1("Tk_Init");
 	if (Tk_Init(ptr->ip) == TCL_ERROR) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
 	}
 	DUMP1("Tcl_StaticPackage(\"Tk\")");
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 	Tcl_StaticPackage(ptr->ip, "Tk", Tk_Init, Tk_SafeInit);
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	Tcl_StaticPackage(ptr->ip, "Tk", Tk_Init,
 			  (Tcl_PackageInitProc *) NULL);
 #endif
     }
 
+    /* get main window */
+    mainWin = Tk_MainWindow(ptr->ip);
+
     /* add ruby command to the interpreter */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"ruby\")");
-    Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby", ip_ruby, (ClientData)NULL,
+    Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby", ip_ruby_eval, (ClientData)NULL,
 			 (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
-#else
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"ruby_eval\")");
+    Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby_eval", ip_ruby_eval, (ClientData)NULL,
+			 (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"ruby_cmd\")");
+    Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby_cmd", ip_ruby_cmd, (ClientData)NULL,
+			 (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"ruby\")");
-    Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby", ip_ruby, (ClientData)NULL,
+    Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby", ip_ruby_eval, (ClientData)NULL,
+		      (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"ruby_eval\")");
+    Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby_eval", ip_ruby_eval, (ClientData)NULL,
 		      (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"ruby_cmd\")");
+    Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "ruby_cmd", ip_ruby_cmd, (ClientData)NULL,
+		      (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+#endif
+
+#if 0  /* 
+	  Disable the following "update" and "thread_update". Bcause, 
+	  they don't work in a callback-proc. After calling update in 
+	  a callback-proc, the callback proc never be worked. 
+	  If the problem will be fixed in the future, may enable the 
+          functions. 
+       */
+    /* replace 'update' command */
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"update\")");
+    Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "update", ip_rbUpdateObjCmd, 
+			 (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+# else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"update\")");
+    Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "update", ip_rbUpdateCommand, 
+		      (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+# endif
+
+    /* add 'thread_update' command */
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"thread_update\")");
+    Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "thread_update", ip_rb_threadUpdateObjCmd, 
+			 (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+# else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"thread_update\")");
+    Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "thread_update", ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand, 
+		      (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+# endif
 #endif
 
     /* replace 'vwait' command */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"vwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "vwait", ip_rbVwaitObjCmd, 
-			 (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
-#else
+			 (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"vwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "vwait", ip_rbVwaitCommand, 
-		      (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+		      (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
 #endif
 
     /* replace 'tkwait' command */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"tkwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "tkwait", ip_rbTkWaitObjCmd, 
-			 (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
-#else
+			 (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"tkwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "tkwait", ip_rbTkWaitCommand, 
-		      (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+		      (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
 #endif
 
     /* add 'thread_vwait' command */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"thread_vwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "thread_vwait", ip_rb_threadVwaitObjCmd, 
-			 (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
-#else
+			 (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"thread_vwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "thread_vwait", ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand, 
-		      (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+		      (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
 #endif
 
     /* add 'thread_tkwait' command */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateObjCommand(\"thread_tkwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateObjCommand(ptr->ip, "thread_tkwait", ip_rb_threadTkWaitObjCmd, 
-			 (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
-#else
+			 (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     DUMP1("Tcl_CreateCommand(\"thread_tkwait\")");
     Tcl_CreateCommand(ptr->ip, "thread_tkwait", ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand, 
-		      (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
+		      (ClientData)mainWin, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
 #endif
 
     return self;
@@ -1651,9 +2993,10 @@ ip_create_slave(argc, argv, self)
 {
     struct tcltkip *master = get_ip(self);
     struct tcltkip *slave = ALLOC(struct tcltkip);
-    VALUE name;
     VALUE safemode;
+    VALUE name;
     int safe;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
     /* safe-mode check */
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &name, &safemode) == 1) {
@@ -1661,21 +3004,26 @@ ip_create_slave(argc, argv, self)
     }
     if (Tcl_IsSafe(master->ip) == 1) {
 	safe = 1;
-    } else if (safemode == Qfalse || safemode == Qnil) {
+    } else if (safemode == Qfalse || NIL_P(safemode)) {
 	safe = 0;
 	rb_secure(4);
     } else {
 	safe = 1;
     }
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     /* create slave-ip */
-    if ((slave->ip = Tcl_CreateSlave(master->ip, StringValuePtr(name), safe)) 
-	== NULL) {
+    slave->ip = Tcl_CreateSlave(master->ip, StringValuePtr(name), safe);
+    if (slave->ip == NULL) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "fail to create the new slave interpreter");
     }
     Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)slave->ip);
     slave->return_value = 0;
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     return Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(self), 0, ip_free, slave);
 }
 
@@ -1687,7 +3035,11 @@ ip_make_safe(self)
     struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
     
     if (Tcl_MakeSafe(ptr->ip) == TCL_ERROR) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -1734,30 +3086,124 @@ ip_is_deleted_p(self)
 }
 
 
+static VALUE
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
+create_ip_exc(VALUE interp, VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+create_ip_exc(interp, exc, fmt, va_alist)
+    VALUE interp:
+    VALUE exc;
+    const char *fmt;
+    va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+    va_list args;
+    char buf[BUFSIZ];
+    VALUE einfo;
+
+    va_init_list(args,fmt);
+    vsnprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, fmt, args);
+    buf[BUFSIZ - 1] = '\0';
+    va_end(args);
+    einfo = rb_exc_new2(exc, buf);
+    rb_ivar_set(einfo, ID_at_interp, interp);
+    Tcl_ResetResult(get_ip(interp)->ip);
+
+    return einfo;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_get_result_string_obj(interp)
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;
+{
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    int len;
+    char *s;
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+    s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(Tcl_GetObjResult(interp), &len);
+    return(rb_tainted_str_new(s, len));
+
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+    volatile VALUE strval;
+    Tcl_Obj *retobj = Tcl_GetObjResult(interp);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+    Tcl_IncrRefCount(retobj);
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    if (Tcl_GetCharLength(retobj) != Tcl_UniCharLen(Tcl_GetUnicode(retobj))) {
+	/* possibly binary string */
+	s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(retobj, &len);
+	strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	rb_ivar_set(strval, ID_at_enc, rb_str_new2("binary"));
+    } else {
+	/* possibly text string */
+	s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(retobj, &len);
+	strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+    }
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    Tcl_DecrRefCount(retobj);
+
+    return(strval);
+
+# endif
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    return(rb_tainted_str_new2(interp->result));
+#endif
+}
+
 /* eval string in tcl by Tcl_Eval() */
 static VALUE
-ip_eval_real(self, str)
+ip_eval_real(self, cmd_str, cmd_len)
     VALUE self;
-    VALUE str;
+    char *cmd_str;
+    int  cmd_len;
 {
     char *s;
-    char *buf;	/* Tcl_Eval requires re-writable string region */
+    int  len;
     struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    /* call Tcl_EvalObj() */
+    {
+      Tcl_Obj *cmd;
+
+      thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+      rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+      cmd = Tcl_NewStringObj(cmd_str, cmd_len);
+      Tcl_IncrRefCount(cmd);
+      ptr->return_value = Tcl_EvalObj(ptr->ip, cmd);
+      /* ptr->return_value = Tcl_GlobalEvalObj(ptr->ip, cmd); */
+      Tcl_DecrRefCount(cmd);
+
+      rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    DUMP2("Tcl_Eval(%s)", cmd_str);
+    ptr->return_value = Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, cmd_str);
+    /* ptr->return_value = Tcl_GlobalEval(ptr->ip, cmd_str); */
+#endif
 
-    /* call Tcl_Eval() */
-    s = StringValuePtr(str);
-    buf = ALLOCA_N(char, strlen(s)+1);
-    strcpy(buf, s);
-    DUMP2("Tcl_Eval(%s)", buf);
-    ptr->return_value = Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, buf);
     if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	return create_ip_exc(self, rb_eRuntimeError, 
+			     "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	return create_ip_exc(self, rb_eRuntimeError, 
+			     "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
     }
     DUMP2("(TCL_Eval result) %d", ptr->return_value);
 
     /* pass back the result (as string) */
-    /* return(rb_str_new2(ptr->ip->result)); */
-    return(rb_tainted_str_new2(ptr->ip->result));
+    return ip_get_result_string_obj(ptr->ip);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1770,7 +3216,7 @@ evq_safelevel_handler(arg, evq)
     Data_Get_Struct(evq, struct eval_queue, q);
     DUMP2("(safe-level handler) $SAFE = %d", q->safe_level);
     rb_set_safe_level(q->safe_level);
-    return ip_eval_real(q->obj, q->str);
+    return ip_eval_real(q->interp, q->str, q->len);
 }
 
 int eval_queue_handler _((Tcl_Event *, int));
@@ -1780,12 +3226,13 @@ eval_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     int flags;
 {
     struct eval_queue *q = (struct eval_queue *)evPtr;
+    volatile VALUE ret;
 
     DUMP2("do_eval_queue_handler : evPtr = %p", evPtr);
     DUMP2("eval queue_thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
     DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", q->thread);
 
-    if (q->done) {
+    if (*(q->done)) {
 	DUMP1("processed by another event-loop");
 	return 0;
     } else {
@@ -1793,20 +3240,31 @@ eval_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     }
 
     /* process it */
-    q->done = 1;
+    *(q->done) = 1;
 
     /* check safe-level */
     if (rb_safe_level() != q->safe_level) {
-	*(q->result) 
-	    = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(evq_safelevel_handler, 
-				     Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cData,0,0,q)), 
-			 rb_intern("call"), 0);
+	volatile VALUE q_dat;
+#ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
+	if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
+	    rb_bug("cross-thread violation on eval_queue_handler()");
+	}
+#endif
+	q_dat = Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cData,eval_queue_mark,0,q);
+	ret = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(evq_safelevel_handler, q_dat), 
+			 ID_call, 0);
     } else {
-    DUMP2("call eval_real (for caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
-    DUMP2("call eval_real (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
-	*(q->result) = ip_eval_real(q->obj, q->str);
+	DUMP2("call eval_real (for caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+	DUMP2("call eval_real (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
+	ret = ip_eval_real(q->interp, q->str, q->len);
     }
 
+    /* set result */
+    RARRAY(q->result)->ptr[0] = ret;
+
+    /* complete */
+    *(q->done) = -1;
+
     /* back to caller */
     DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
     DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
@@ -1822,19 +3280,27 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
     VALUE self;
     VALUE str;
 {
-    struct eval_queue *tmp;
+    struct eval_queue *evq;
+    char *eval_str;
+    int  *alloc_done;
+    int  thr_crit_bup;
     VALUE current = rb_thread_current();
-    VALUE result;
-    VALUE *alloc_result;
+    volatile VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(1);
+    volatile VALUE ret;
     Tcl_QueuePosition position;
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+    StringValue(str);
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     if (eventloop_thread == 0 || current == eventloop_thread) {
 	if (eventloop_thread) {
 	    DUMP2("eval from current eventloop %lx", current);
 	} else {
 	    DUMP2("eval from thread:%lx but no eventloop", current);
 	}
-	result = ip_eval_real(self, str);
+	result = ip_eval_real(self, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
 	if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(result, rb_eException)) {
 	    rb_exc_raise(result);
 	}
@@ -1843,39 +3309,53 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
 
     DUMP2("eval from thread %lx (NOT current eventloop)", current);
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     /* allocate memory (protected from Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
-    alloc_result = ALLOC(VALUE);
+    alloc_done = (int*)ALLOC(int);
+    *alloc_done = 0;
+
+    eval_str = ALLOC_N(char, RSTRING(str)->len + 1);
+    strncpy(eval_str, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
+    eval_str[RSTRING(str)->len] = 0;
 
     /* allocate memory (freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
-    tmp = (struct eval_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct eval_queue));
+    evq = (struct eval_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct eval_queue));
 
     /* construct event data */
-    tmp->done = 0;
-    tmp->obj = self;
-    tmp->str = str;
-    tmp->result = alloc_result;
-    tmp->thread = current;
-    tmp->safe_level = rb_safe_level();
-    tmp->ev.proc = eval_queue_handler;
+    evq->done = alloc_done;
+    evq->str = eval_str;
+    evq->len = RSTRING(str)->len;
+    evq->interp = self;
+    evq->result = result;
+    evq->thread = current;
+    evq->safe_level = rb_safe_level();
+    evq->ev.proc = eval_queue_handler;
     position = TCL_QUEUE_TAIL;
 
     /* add the handler to Tcl event queue */
     DUMP1("add handler");
-    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(tmp->ev), position);
+    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(evq->ev), position);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
     /* wait for the handler to be processed */
     DUMP2("wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
-    rb_thread_stop();
+    while(*alloc_done >= 0) {
+	rb_thread_stop();
+    }
     DUMP2("back from handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
 
     /* get result & free allocated memory */
-    result = *alloc_result;
-    free(alloc_result);
-    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(result, rb_eException)) {
-	rb_exc_raise(result);
+    ret = RARRAY(result)->ptr[0];
+    free(alloc_done);
+    free(eval_str);
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ret, rb_eException)) {
+	rb_exc_raise(ret);
     }
 
-    return result;
+    return ret;
 }
 
 
@@ -1885,12 +3365,27 @@ lib_restart(self)
     VALUE self;
 {
     struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    int  thr_crit_bup;
 
     rb_secure(4);
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     /* destroy the root wdiget */
-    /* ptr->return_value = Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, "destroy ."); */
-    ptr->return_value = FIX2INT(ip_eval(self, "destroy ."));
+    ptr->return_value = Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, "destroy .");
+    /* ignore ERROR */
+    DUMP2("(TCL_Eval result) %d", ptr->return_value);
+    Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
+
+    /* delete namespace ( tested on tk8.4.5 ) */
+    ptr->return_value = Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, "namespace delete ::tk::msgcat");
+    /* ignore ERROR */
+    DUMP2("(TCL_Eval result) %d", ptr->return_value);
+    Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
+
+    /* delete trace proc ( tested on tk8.4.5 ) */
+    ptr->return_value = Tcl_Eval(ptr->ip, "trace vdelete ::tk_strictMotif w ::tk::EventMotifBindings");
     /* ignore ERROR */
     DUMP2("(TCL_Eval result) %d", ptr->return_value);
     Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
@@ -1900,21 +3395,27 @@ lib_restart(self)
     if (Tcl_IsSafe(ptr->ip)) {
 	DUMP1("Tk_SafeInit");
 	if (Tk_SafeInit(ptr->ip) == TCL_ERROR) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	    /* rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result); */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
 	}
     } else {
 	DUMP1("Tk_Init");
 	if (Tk_Init(ptr->ip) == TCL_ERROR) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	    /* rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result); */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
 	}
     }
-#else
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
     DUMP1("Tk_Init");
     if (Tk_Init(ptr->ip) == TCL_ERROR) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
     }
 #endif
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -1934,141 +3435,389 @@ ip_restart(self)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ip_toUTF8(self, str, encodename)
-    VALUE self;
-    VALUE str;
+lib_toUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
+    VALUE ip_obj;
+    VALUE src;
     VALUE encodename;
 {
+    volatile VALUE str = src;
+
 #ifdef TCL_UTF_MAX
     Tcl_Interp *interp;
     Tcl_Encoding encoding;
     Tcl_DString dstr;
+    int taint_flag = OBJ_TAINTED(str);
     struct tcltkip *ptr;
     char *buf;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
-    ptr = get_ip(self);
-    interp = ptr->ip;
+    if (NIL_P(ip_obj)) {
+	interp = (Tcl_Interp *)NULL;
+    } else {
+	interp = get_ip(ip_obj)->ip;
+    }
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    if (NIL_P(encodename)) {
+	if (TYPE(str) == T_STRING) {
+	    volatile VALUE enc;
+
+	    enc = rb_ivar_get(str, ID_at_enc);
+	    if (NIL_P(enc)) {
+		if (NIL_P(ip_obj)) {
+		    encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+		} else {
+		    enc = rb_ivar_get(ip_obj, ID_at_enc);
+		    if (NIL_P(enc)) {
+			encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+		    } else {
+			StringValue(enc);
+			encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+			if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+			    rb_warning("Tk-interp has unknown encoding information (@encoding:'%s')", RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    } else {
+		StringValue(enc);
+		if (strcmp(RSTRING(enc)->ptr, "binary") == 0) {
+		    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+		    return str;
+		}
+		encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+		if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+		    rb_warning("string has unknown encoding information (@encoding:'%s')", RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+		}
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+	}
+    } else {
+	StringValue(encodename);
+	encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(encodename)->ptr);
+	if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+	    rb_warning("unknown encoding name '%s'", RSTRING(encodename)->ptr);
+	}
+    }
 
-    StringValue(encodename);
     StringValue(str);
-    encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(encodename)->ptr);
-    if (!RSTRING(str)->len) return str;
-    buf = ALLOCA_N(char,strlen(RSTRING(str)->ptr)+1);
-    strcpy(buf, RSTRING(str)->ptr);
+    if (!RSTRING(str)->len) {
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	return str;
+    }
+
+    buf = ALLOC_N(char,(RSTRING(str)->len)+1);
+    strncpy(buf, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
+    buf[RSTRING(str)->len] = 0;
 
     Tcl_DStringInit(&dstr);
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
-    Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding,buf,strlen(buf),&dstr);
-    /* str = rb_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr)); */
-    str = rb_tainted_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr));
+    /* Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding,buf,strlen(buf),&dstr); */
+    Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding, buf, RSTRING(str)->len, &dstr);
+
+    /* str = rb_tainted_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr)); */
+    str = rb_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr));
+    rb_ivar_set(str, ID_at_enc, rb_tainted_str_new2("utf-8"));
+    if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(str);
 
-    Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding);
+    if (encoding != (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+	Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding);
+    }
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
+
+    free(buf);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
+
     return str;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ip_fromUTF8(self, str, encodename)
+lib_toUTF8(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
     VALUE self;
-    VALUE str;
+{
+    VALUE str, encodename;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &encodename) == 1) {
+	encodename = Qnil;
+    }
+    return lib_toUTF8_core(Qnil, str, encodename);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_toUTF8(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    VALUE str, encodename;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &encodename) == 1) {
+	encodename = Qnil;
+    }
+    return lib_toUTF8_core(self, str, encodename);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lib_fromUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
+    VALUE ip_obj;
+    VALUE src;
     VALUE encodename;
 {
+    volatile VALUE str = src;
+
 #ifdef TCL_UTF_MAX
     Tcl_Interp *interp;
     Tcl_Encoding encoding;
     Tcl_DString dstr;
-    struct tcltkip *ptr;
+    int taint_flag = OBJ_TAINTED(str);
     char *buf;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
 
-    ptr = get_ip(self);
-    interp = ptr->ip;
+    if (NIL_P(ip_obj)) {
+	interp = (Tcl_Interp *)NULL;
+    } else {
+	interp = get_ip(ip_obj)->ip;
+    }
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    if (NIL_P(encodename)) {
+	volatile VALUE enc;
+
+	if (TYPE(str) == T_STRING) {
+	    enc = rb_ivar_get(str, ID_at_enc);
+	    if (!NIL_P(enc) && strcmp(StringValuePtr(enc), "binary") == 0) {
+		rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+		return str;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (NIL_P(ip_obj)) {
+	    encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+	} else {
+	    enc = rb_ivar_get(ip_obj, ID_at_enc);
+	    if (NIL_P(enc)) {
+		encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+	    } else {
+		StringValue(enc);
+		encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+		if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+		    rb_warning("Tk-interp has unknown encoding information (@encoding:'%s')", RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
+		} else {
+		  encodename = rb_obj_dup(enc);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+    } else {
+	StringValue(encodename);
+
+	if (strcmp(RSTRING(encodename)->ptr, "binary") == 0) {
+	    char *s;
+	    int  len;
+
+	    s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(str)->ptr, 
+							 RSTRING(str)->len), 
+					&len);
+	    str = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	    rb_ivar_set(str, ID_at_enc, rb_tainted_str_new2("binary"));
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	    return str;
+	}
+
+	encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(encodename)->ptr);
+	if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+	    rb_warning("unknown encoding name '%s'", RSTRING(encodename)->ptr);
+	    encodename = Qnil;
+	}
+    }
 
-    StringValue(encodename);
     StringValue(str);
-    encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp,RSTRING(encodename)->ptr);
-    if (!RSTRING(str)->len) return str;
-    buf = ALLOCA_N(char,strlen(RSTRING(str)->ptr)+1);
-    strcpy(buf,RSTRING(str)->ptr);
+
+    if (RSTRING(str)->len == 0) {
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	return rb_tainted_str_new2("");
+    }
+
+    buf = ALLOC_N(char,strlen(RSTRING(str)->ptr)+1);
+    strncpy(buf, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
+    buf[RSTRING(str)->len] = 0;
 
     Tcl_DStringInit(&dstr);
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
-    Tcl_UtfToExternalDString(encoding,buf,strlen(buf),&dstr);
-    /* str = rb_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr)); */
-    str = rb_tainted_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr));
+    /* Tcl_UtfToExternalDString(encoding,buf,strlen(buf),&dstr); */
+    Tcl_UtfToExternalDString(encoding,buf,RSTRING(str)->len,&dstr);
+
+    /* str = rb_tainted_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr)); */
+    str = rb_str_new2(Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr));
+    rb_ivar_set(str, ID_at_enc, encodename);
+    if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(str);
 
-    Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding);
+    if (encoding != (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+	Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding);
+    }
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
 
+    free(buf);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
+
     return str;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+lib_fromUTF8(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    VALUE str, encodename;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &encodename) == 1) {
+	encodename = Qnil;
+    }
+    return lib_fromUTF8_core(Qnil, str, encodename);
+}
 
 static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-create_ip_exc(VALUE interp, VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...)
-#else
-create_ip_exc(interp, exc, fmt, va_alist)
-    VALUE interp:
-    VALUE exc;
-    const char *fmt;
-    va_dcl
-#endif
+ip_fromUTF8(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
 {
-    va_list args;
-    char buf[BUFSIZ];
-    VALUE einfo;
+    VALUE str, encodename;
 
-    va_init_list(args,fmt);
-    vsnprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, fmt, args);
-    buf[BUFSIZ - 1] = '\0';
-    va_end(args);
-    einfo = rb_exc_new2(exc, buf);
-    rb_iv_set(einfo, "interp", interp);
-    Tcl_ResetResult(get_ip(interp)->ip);
-    return einfo;
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &encodename) == 1) {
+	encodename = Qnil;
+    }
+    return lib_fromUTF8_core(self, str, encodename);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lib_UTF_backslash_core(self, str, all_bs)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE str;
+    int all_bs;
+{
+#ifdef TCL_UTF_MAX
+    char *src_buf, *dst_buf, *ptr;
+    int read_len = 0, dst_len = 0;
+    int taint_flag = OBJ_TAINTED(str);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+    StringValue(str);
+    if (!RSTRING(str)->len) {
+	return str;
+    }
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    src_buf = ALLOC_N(char,(RSTRING(str)->len)+1);
+    strncpy(src_buf, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
+    src_buf[RSTRING(str)->len] = 0;
+
+    dst_buf = ALLOC_N(char,(RSTRING(str)->len)+1);
+
+    ptr = src_buf;
+    while(RSTRING(str)->len > ptr - src_buf) {
+	if (*ptr == '\\' && (all_bs || *(ptr + 1) == 'u')) {
+	    dst_len += Tcl_UtfBackslash(ptr, &read_len, (dst_buf + dst_len));
+	    ptr += read_len;
+	} else {
+	    *(dst_buf + (dst_len++)) = *(ptr++);
+	}
+    }
+
+    str = rb_str_new(dst_buf, dst_len);
+    if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(str);
+
+    free(src_buf);
+    free(dst_buf);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+#endif
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lib_UTF_backslash(self, str)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE str;
+{
+    return lib_UTF_backslash_core(self, str, 0);
 }
 
+static VALUE
+lib_Tcl_backslash(self, str)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE str;
+{
+    return lib_UTF_backslash_core(self, str, 1);
+}
 
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static VALUE
+ip_invoke_core(interp, objc, objv)
+    VALUE interp;
+    int objc;
+    Tcl_Obj **objv;
+#else
 static VALUE
-ip_invoke_real(argc, argv, obj)
+ip_invoke_core(interp, argc, argv)
+    VALUE interp;
     int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
+    char **argv;
+#endif
 {
-    VALUE v;
-    struct tcltkip *ptr;	/* tcltkip data struct */
+    struct tcltkip *ptr;
     int i;
     Tcl_CmdInfo info;
-    char *cmd, *s;
-    char **av = (char **)NULL;
+    char *cmd;
+    char *s;
+    int  len;
+    int  thr_crit_bup;
+
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-    Tcl_Obj **ov = (Tcl_Obj **)NULL;
+    int argc = objc;
+    char **argv = (char **)NULL;
     Tcl_Obj *resultPtr;
 #endif
 
-    DUMP2("invoke_real called by thread:%lx", rb_thread_current());
-    /* get the command name string */
-    v = argv[0];
-    cmd = StringValuePtr(v);
-
     /* get the data struct */
-    ptr = get_ip(obj);
+    ptr = get_ip(interp);
 
     /* ip is deleted? */
     if (Tcl_InterpDeleted(ptr->ip)) {
+	DUMP1("ip is deleted");
 	return rb_tainted_str_new2("");
     }
 
+    /* get the command name string */
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    cmd = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], &len);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    cmd = argv[0];
+#endif
+
     /* map from the command name to a C procedure */
     DUMP2("call Tcl_GetCommandInfo, %s", cmd);
     if (!Tcl_GetCommandInfo(ptr->ip, cmd, &info)) {
-    DUMP1("error Tcl_GetCommandInfo");
+	DUMP1("error Tcl_GetCommandInfo");
 	/* if (event_loop_abort_on_exc || cmd[0] != '.') { */
 	if (event_loop_abort_on_exc > 0) {
 	    /*rb_ip_raise(obj,rb_eNameError,"invalid command name `%s'",cmd);*/
-	    return create_ip_exc(obj, rb_eNameError, 
+	    return create_ip_exc(interp, rb_eNameError, 
 				 "invalid command name `%s'", cmd);
 	} else {
 	    if (event_loop_abort_on_exc < 0) {
@@ -2082,74 +3831,75 @@ ip_invoke_real(argc, argv, obj)
     }
     DUMP1("end Tcl_GetCommandInfo");
 
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
     /* memory allocation for arguments of this command */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-    if (info.isNativeObjectProc) {
-	/* object interface */
-	ov = (Tcl_Obj **)ALLOCA_N(Tcl_Obj *, argc+1);
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
-	    v = argv[i];
-	    s = StringValuePtr(v);
-	    ov[i] = Tcl_NewStringObj(s, RSTRING(v)->len);
-	    Tcl_IncrRefCount(ov[i]);
-	}
-	ov[argc] = (Tcl_Obj *)NULL;
-    } 
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    if (!info.isNativeObjectProc) {
 	/* string interface */
-	av = (char **)ALLOCA_N(char *, argc+1);
+	argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, argc+1);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
-	    v = argv[i];
-	    s = StringValuePtr(v);
-	    av[i] = ALLOCA_N(char, strlen(s)+1);
-	    strcpy(av[i], s);
+	    argv[i] = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[i], &len);
 	}
-	av[argc] = (char *)NULL;
+	argv[argc] = (char *)NULL;
     }
+#endif
 
     Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
 
     /* Invoke the C procedure */
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     if (info.isNativeObjectProc) {
-	int dummy;
-	ptr->return_value = (*info.objProc)(info.objClientData,
-					    ptr->ip, argc, ov);
-
+	ptr->return_value = (*info.objProc)(info.objClientData, ptr->ip, 
+					    objc, objv);
+#if 0
 	/* get the string value from the result object */
 	resultPtr = Tcl_GetObjResult(ptr->ip);
-	Tcl_SetResult(ptr->ip, Tcl_GetStringFromObj(resultPtr, &dummy),
+	Tcl_SetResult(ptr->ip, Tcl_GetStringFromObj(resultPtr, &len),
 		      TCL_VOLATILE);
-
-	for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
-	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(ov[i]);
-	}
+#endif
     }
     else
 #endif
     {
-	TRAP_BEG;
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 	ptr->return_value = (*info.proc)(info.clientData, ptr->ip, 
-					 argc, (CONST84 char **)av);
+					 argc, (CONST84 char **)argv);
+
+	free(argv);
+
 #else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
-	ptr->return_value = (*info.proc)(info.clientData, ptr->ip, argc, av);
+	ptr->return_value = (*info.proc)(info.clientData, ptr->ip, 
+					 argc, argv);
 #endif
-	TRAP_END;
     }
 
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
     /* exception on mainloop */
     if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
 	if (event_loop_abort_on_exc > 0 && !Tcl_InterpDeleted(ptr->ip)) {
-	    /*rb_ip_raise(obj, rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);*/
-	    return create_ip_exc(obj, rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    return create_ip_exc(interp, rb_eRuntimeError, 
+				 "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	    return create_ip_exc(interp, rb_eRuntimeError, 
+				 "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
 	} else {
 	    if (event_loop_abort_on_exc < 0) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+		rb_warning("%s (ignore)", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 		rb_warning("%s (ignore)", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
 	    } else {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+		rb_warn("%s (ignore)", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 		rb_warn("%s (ignore)", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
 	    }
 	    Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
 	    return rb_tainted_str_new2("");
@@ -2157,8 +3907,143 @@ ip_invoke_real(argc, argv, obj)
     }
 
     /* pass back the result (as string) */
-    /* return rb_str_new2(ptr->ip->result); */
-    return rb_tainted_str_new2(ptr->ip->result);
+    return ip_get_result_string_obj(ptr->ip);
+}
+
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+static Tcl_Obj **
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+static char **
+#endif
+alloc_invoke_arguments(argc, argv)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+{
+    int i;
+    VALUE v;
+    char *s;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    Tcl_Obj **av = (Tcl_Obj **)NULL;
+    Tcl_Obj *resultPtr;
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    char **av = (char **)NULL;
+#endif
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    /* memory allocation */
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    av = (Tcl_Obj **)ALLOC_N(Tcl_Obj *, argc+1);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+	VALUE enc;
+
+	v = argv[i];
+	s = StringValuePtr(v);
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	av[i] = Tcl_NewStringObj(s, RSTRING(v)->len);
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	enc = rb_ivar_get(v, ID_at_enc);
+	if (!NIL_P(enc) && strcmp(StringValuePtr(enc), "binary") == 0) {
+	    /* binary string */
+	    av[i] = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(s, RSTRING(v)->len);
+	} else if (strlen(s) != RSTRING(v)->len) {
+	    /* probably binary string */
+	    av[i] = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(s, RSTRING(v)->len);
+	} else {
+	    /* probably text string */
+	    av[i] = Tcl_NewStringObj(s, RSTRING(v)->len);
+	}
+# endif
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(av[i]);
+    }
+    av[argc] = (Tcl_Obj *)NULL;
+
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    /* string interface */
+    av = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, argc+1);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+	v = argv[i];
+	s = StringValuePtr(v);
+	av[i] = ALLOC_N(char, strlen(s)+1);
+	strcpy(av[i], s);
+    }
+    av[argc] = (char *)NULL;
+#endif
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    return av;
+}
+
+static void
+free_invoke_arguments(argc, av)
+    int argc;
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    Tcl_Obj **av;
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    char **av;
+#endif
+{
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(av[i]);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	free(av[i]);
+#endif
+    }
+    free(av);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_invoke_real(argc, argv, interp)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE interp;
+{
+    VALUE v;
+    struct tcltkip *ptr;	/* tcltkip data struct */
+    int i;
+    Tcl_CmdInfo info;
+    char *s;
+    int  len;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    Tcl_Obj **av = (Tcl_Obj **)NULL;
+    Tcl_Obj *resultPtr;
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    char **av = (char **)NULL;
+#endif
+
+    DUMP2("invoke_real called by thread:%lx", rb_thread_current());
+
+    /* get the data struct */
+    ptr = get_ip(interp);
+
+    /* ip is deleted? */
+    if (Tcl_InterpDeleted(ptr->ip)) {
+	DUMP1("ip is deleted");
+	return rb_tainted_str_new2("");
+    }
+
+    /* allocate memory for arguments */
+    av = alloc_invoke_arguments(argc, argv);
+
+    /* Invoke the C procedure */
+    Tcl_ResetResult(ptr->ip);
+    v = ip_invoke_core(interp, argc, av);
+
+    /* free allocated memory */
+    free_invoke_arguments(argc, av);
+
+    return v;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -2171,7 +4056,7 @@ ivq_safelevel_handler(arg, ivq)
     Data_Get_Struct(ivq, struct invoke_queue, q);
     DUMP2("(safe-level handler) $SAFE = %d", q->safe_level);
     rb_set_safe_level(q->safe_level);
-    return ip_invoke_real(q->argc, q->argv, q->obj);
+    return ip_invoke_core(q->interp, q->argc, q->argv);
 }
 
 int invoke_queue_handler _((Tcl_Event *, int));
@@ -2181,12 +4066,13 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     int flags;
 {
     struct invoke_queue *q = (struct invoke_queue *)evPtr;
+    volatile VALUE ret;
 
     DUMP2("do_invoke_queue_handler : evPtr = %p", evPtr);
     DUMP2("invoke queue_thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
     DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", q->thread);
 
-    if (q->done) {
+    if (*(q->done)) {
 	DUMP1("processed by another event-loop");
 	return 0;
     } else {
@@ -2194,20 +4080,26 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     }
 
     /* process it */
-    q->done = 1;
+    *(q->done) = 1;
 
     /* check safe-level */
     if (rb_safe_level() != q->safe_level) {
-	*(q->result) 
-	    = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(ivq_safelevel_handler, 
-				     Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cData,0,0,q)), 
-			 rb_intern("call"), 0);
+	volatile VALUE q_dat;
+	q_dat = Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cData,invoke_queue_mark,0,q);
+	ret = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(evq_safelevel_handler, q_dat), 
+			 ID_call, 0);
     } else {
-    DUMP2("call invoke_real (for caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
-    DUMP2("call invoke_real (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
-	*(q->result) = ip_invoke_real(q->argc, q->argv, q->obj);
+	DUMP2("call invoke_real (for caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+	DUMP2("call invoke_real (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
+	ret = ip_invoke_core(q->interp, q->argc, q->argv);
     }
 
+    /* set result */
+    RARRAY(q->result)->ptr[0] = ret;
+
+    /* complete */
+    *(q->done) = -1;
+
     /* back to caller */
     DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
     DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
@@ -2219,16 +4111,28 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ip_invoke(argc, argv, obj)
+ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, position)
     int argc;
     VALUE *argv;
     VALUE obj;
+    Tcl_QueuePosition position;
 {
-    struct invoke_queue *tmp;
+    struct invoke_queue *ivq;
+    char *s;
+    int  len;
+    int  i;
+    int  *alloc_done;
+    int  thr_crit_bup;
+    VALUE v;
     VALUE current = rb_thread_current();
-    VALUE result;
-    VALUE *alloc_argv, *alloc_result;
-    Tcl_QueuePosition position;
+    volatile VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(1);
+    volatile VALUE ret;
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    Tcl_Obj **av = (Tcl_Obj **)NULL;
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    char **av = (char **)NULL;
+#endif
 
     if (argc < 1) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "command name missing");
@@ -2248,45 +4152,60 @@ ip_invoke(argc, argv, obj)
 
     DUMP2("invoke from thread %lx (NOT current eventloop)", current);
 
-    /* allocate memory (protected from Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
-    alloc_argv =  ALLOC_N(VALUE,argc);
-    MEMCPY(alloc_argv, argv, VALUE, argc);
-    alloc_result = ALLOC(VALUE);
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    /* allocate memory (for arguments) */
+    av = alloc_invoke_arguments(argc, argv);
+
+    /* allocate memory (keep result) */
+    alloc_done = (int*)ALLOC(int);
+    *alloc_done = 0;
 
     /* allocate memory (freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
-    tmp = (struct invoke_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct invoke_queue));
+    ivq = (struct invoke_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct invoke_queue));
 
     /* construct event data */
-    tmp->done = 0;
-    tmp->obj = obj;
-    tmp->argc = argc;
-    tmp->argv = alloc_argv;
-    tmp->result = alloc_result;
-    tmp->thread = current;
-    tmp->safe_level = rb_safe_level();
-    tmp->ev.proc = invoke_queue_handler;
-    position = TCL_QUEUE_TAIL;
+    ivq->done = alloc_done;
+    ivq->argc = argc;
+    ivq->argv = av;
+    ivq->interp = obj;
+    ivq->result = result;
+    ivq->thread = current;
+    ivq->safe_level = rb_safe_level();
+    ivq->ev.proc = invoke_queue_handler;
 
     /* add the handler to Tcl event queue */
     DUMP1("add handler");
-    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(tmp->ev), position);
+    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(ivq->ev), position);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
     /* wait for the handler to be processed */
     DUMP2("wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
-    rb_thread_stop();
+    while(*alloc_done >= 0) {
+	rb_thread_stop();
+    }
     DUMP2("back from handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
 
     /* get result & free allocated memory */
-    result = *alloc_result;
-    free(alloc_argv);
-    free(alloc_result);
-    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(result, rb_eException)) {
-	rb_exc_raise(result);
+    ret = RARRAY(result)->ptr[0];
+    free(alloc_done);
+
+    /* free allocated memory */
+    free_invoke_arguments(argc, av);
+
+    /* exception? */
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ret, rb_eException)) {
+	DUMP1("raise exception");
+	rb_exc_raise(ret);
     }
 
-    return result;
+    DUMP1("exit ip_invoke");
+    return ret;
 }
 
+
 /* get return code from Tcl_Eval() */
 static VALUE
 ip_retval(self)
@@ -2300,6 +4219,864 @@ ip_retval(self)
     return (INT2FIX(ptr->return_value));
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ip_invoke(argc, argv, obj)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    return ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, TCL_QUEUE_TAIL);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_invoke_immediate(argc, argv, obj)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    return ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
+}
+
+/* access Tcl variables */
+static VALUE
+ip_get_variable(self, varname_arg, flag_arg)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname_arg;
+    VALUE flag_arg;
+{
+    struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    volatile VALUE varname, flag;
+
+    varname = varname_arg;
+    flag    = flag_arg;
+
+    StringValue(varname);
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    {
+	Tcl_Obj *nameobj, *ret;
+	char *s;
+	int  len;
+	VALUE strval;
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	nameobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(varname)->len);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(nameobj);
+
+	ret = Tcl_ObjGetVar2(ptr->ip, nameobj, (Tcl_Obj*)NULL, FIX2INT(flag));
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(nameobj);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (ret == (Tcl_Obj*)NULL) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(ret);
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len);
+	strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+	return(strval);
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	{
+	    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	    if (Tcl_GetCharLength(ret) 
+		!= Tcl_UniCharLen(Tcl_GetUnicode(ret))) {
+		/* possibly binary string */
+		s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(ret, &len);
+		strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+		rb_ivar_set(strval, ID_at_enc, rb_tainted_str_new2("binary"));
+	    } else {
+		/* possibly text string */
+		s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len);
+		strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	    }
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	}
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+	return(strval);
+# endif
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    {
+	char *ret;
+
+	ret = Tcl_GetVar2(ptr->ip, RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+			  (char*)NULL, FIX2INT(flag));
+	if (ret == (char*)NULL) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	}
+	return(rb_tainted_str_new2(ret));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_get_variable2(self, varname_arg, index_arg, flag_arg)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname_arg;
+    VALUE index_arg;
+    VALUE flag_arg;
+{
+    struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    volatile VALUE varname, index, flag;
+
+    if (NIL_P(index_arg)) {
+      return ip_get_variable(self, varname_arg, flag_arg);
+    }
+
+    varname = varname_arg;
+    index   = index_arg;
+    flag    = flag_arg;
+
+    StringValue(varname);
+    StringValue(index);
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    {
+	Tcl_Obj *nameobj, *idxobj, *ret;
+	char *s;
+	int  len;
+	volatile VALUE strval;
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	nameobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(varname)->len);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(nameobj);
+	idxobj  = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(index)->ptr, RSTRING(index)->len);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(idxobj);
+
+	ret = Tcl_ObjGetVar2(ptr->ip, nameobj, idxobj, FIX2INT(flag));
+
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(ret);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(nameobj);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(idxobj);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (ret == (Tcl_Obj*)NULL) {
+	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
+	}
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len);
+	strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+	return(strval);
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	{
+	    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	    if (Tcl_GetCharLength(ret) 
+		!= Tcl_UniCharLen(Tcl_GetUnicode(ret))) {
+		/* possibly binary string */
+		s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(ret, &len);
+		strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+		rb_ivar_set(strval, ID_at_enc, rb_tainted_str_new2("binary"));
+	    } else {
+		/* possibly text string */
+		s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len);
+		strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	    }
+
+	    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	}
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+	return(strval);
+# endif
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    {
+	char *ret;
+
+	ret = Tcl_GetVar2(ptr->ip, RSTRING(varname)->ptr, RSTRING(index)->ptr, 
+			  FIX2INT(flag));
+	if (ret == (char*)NULL) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	}
+	return(rb_tainted_str_new2(ret));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_set_variable(self, varname_arg, value_arg, flag_arg)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname_arg;
+    VALUE value_arg;
+    VALUE flag_arg;
+{
+    struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    volatile VALUE varname, value, flag;
+
+    varname = varname_arg;
+    value   = value_arg;
+    flag    = flag_arg;
+ 
+    StringValue(varname);
+    StringValue(value);
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    {
+	Tcl_Obj *nameobj, *valobj, *ret;
+	char *s;
+	int  len;
+	volatile VALUE strval;
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	nameobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(varname)->len);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(nameobj);
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	valobj  = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(value)->len); 
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(valobj);
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	{
+	    VALUE enc = rb_ivar_get(value, ID_at_enc);
+
+	    if (!NIL_P(enc) && strcmp(StringValuePtr(enc), "binary") == 0) {
+		/* binary string */
+		valobj = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+					     RSTRING(value)->len);
+	    } else if (strlen(RSTRING(value)->ptr) != RSTRING(value)->len) {
+		/* probably binary string */
+		valobj = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+					     RSTRING(value)->len);
+	    } else {
+		/* probably text string */
+		valobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+					  RSTRING(value)->len); 
+	    }
+
+	    Tcl_IncrRefCount(valobj);
+	}
+# endif
+
+	ret = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(ptr->ip, nameobj, (Tcl_Obj*)NULL, valobj, 
+			     FIX2INT(flag));
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(nameobj);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(valobj);
+
+	if (ret == (Tcl_Obj*)NULL) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(ret);
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len); 
+	strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	if (Tcl_GetCharLength(ret) != Tcl_UniCharLen(Tcl_GetUnicode(ret))) {
+	    /* possibly binary string */
+	    s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(ret, &len);
+	    strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	    rb_ivar_set(strval, ID_at_enc, rb_str_new2("binary"));
+	} else {
+	    /* possibly text string */
+	    s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len);
+	    strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	}
+# endif
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+
+	return(strval);
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    {
+	CONST char *ret;
+
+	ret = Tcl_SetVar2(ptr->ip, RSTRING(varname)->ptr, (char*)NULL, 
+			  RSTRING(value)->ptr, (int)FIX2INT(flag));
+	if (ret == NULL) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	}
+	return(rb_tainted_str_new2(ret));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_set_variable2(self, varname_arg, index_arg, value_arg, flag_arg)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname_arg;
+    VALUE index_arg;
+    VALUE value_arg;
+    VALUE flag_arg;
+{
+    struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    volatile VALUE varname, index, value, flag;
+
+    if (NIL_P(index_arg)) {
+      return ip_set_variable(self, varname_arg, value_arg, flag_arg);
+    }
+
+    varname = varname_arg;
+    index   = index_arg;
+    value   = value_arg;
+    flag    = flag_arg;
+
+    StringValue(varname);
+    StringValue(index);
+    StringValue(value);
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    {
+	Tcl_Obj *nameobj, *idxobj, *valobj, *ret;
+	char *s;
+	int  len;
+	volatile VALUE strval;
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	nameobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(varname)->len);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(nameobj);
+
+	idxobj  = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(index)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(index)->len);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(idxobj);
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	valobj  = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(value)->len); 
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	{
+	    VALUE enc = rb_ivar_get(value, ID_at_enc);
+
+	    if (!NIL_P(enc) && strcmp(StringValuePtr(enc), "binary") == 0) {
+		/* binary string */
+		valobj = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+					     RSTRING(value)->len);
+	    } else if (strlen(RSTRING(value)->ptr) != RSTRING(value)->len) {
+		/* probably binary string */
+		valobj = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+					     RSTRING(value)->len);
+	    } else {
+		/* probably text string */
+		valobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 
+					  RSTRING(value)->len); 
+	    }
+	}
+
+# endif
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(valobj);
+
+	ret = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(ptr->ip, nameobj, idxobj, valobj, FIX2INT(flag));
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(nameobj);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(idxobj);
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(valobj);
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	if (ret == (Tcl_Obj*)NULL) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(ret);
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+# if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len); 
+	strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+# else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	if (Tcl_GetCharLength(ret) != Tcl_UniCharLen(Tcl_GetUnicode(ret))) {
+	    /* possibly binary string */
+	    s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(ret, &len);
+	    strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	    rb_ivar_set(strval, ID_at_enc, rb_str_new2("binary"));
+	} else {
+	    /* possibly text string */
+	    s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(ret, &len);
+	    strval = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	}
+# endif
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(ret);
+
+	return(strval);
+    }
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    {
+	CONST char *ret;
+
+	ret = Tcl_SetVar2(ptr->ip, RSTRING(varname)->ptr, RSTRING(index)->ptr, 
+			  RSTRING(value)->ptr, FIX2INT(flag));
+	if (ret == (char*)NULL) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	}
+	return(rb_tainted_str_new2(ret));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_unset_variable(self, varname_arg, flag_arg)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname_arg;
+    VALUE flag_arg;
+{
+    struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    volatile VALUE varname, value, flag;
+
+    varname = varname_arg;
+    flag    = flag_arg;
+
+    StringValue(varname);
+    ptr->return_value = Tcl_UnsetVar(ptr->ip, RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+				     FIX2INT(flag));
+    if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
+	if (FIX2INT(flag) & TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
+	}
+	return Qfalse;
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_unset_variable2(self, varname_arg, index_arg, flag_arg)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname_arg;
+    VALUE index_arg;
+    VALUE flag_arg;
+{
+    struct tcltkip *ptr = get_ip(self);
+    volatile VALUE varname, index, value, flag;
+
+    if (NIL_P(index_arg)) {
+      return ip_unset_variable(self, varname_arg, flag_arg);
+    }
+
+    varname = varname_arg;
+    index   = index_arg;
+    flag    = flag_arg;
+
+    StringValue(varname);
+    StringValue(index);
+
+    ptr->return_value = Tcl_UnsetVar2(ptr->ip, RSTRING(varname)->ptr, 
+				      RSTRING(index)->ptr, FIX2INT(flag));
+    if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
+	if (FIX2INT(flag) & TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+#endif
+	}
+	return Qfalse;
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_get_global_var(self, varname)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname;
+{
+    return ip_get_variable(self, varname, 
+			   INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_get_global_var2(self, varname, index)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname;
+    VALUE index;
+{
+    return ip_get_variable2(self, varname, index, 
+			    INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_set_global_var(self, varname, value)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname;
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return ip_set_variable(self, varname, value, 
+			   INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_set_global_var2(self, varname, index, value)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname;
+    VALUE index;
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return ip_set_variable2(self, varname, index, value, 
+			    INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_unset_global_var(self, varname)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname;
+{
+    return ip_unset_variable(self, varname, 
+			     INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ip_unset_global_var2(self, varname, index)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE varname;
+    VALUE index;
+{
+    return ip_unset_variable2(self, varname, index, 
+			      INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+}
+
+
+/* treat Tcl_List */
+static VALUE
+lib_split_tklist_core(ip_obj, list_str)
+    VALUE ip_obj;
+    VALUE list_str;
+{
+    Tcl_Interp *interp;
+    volatile VALUE ary, elem;
+    int idx;
+    int taint_flag = OBJ_TAINTED(list_str);
+    int result;
+    VALUE old_gc;
+
+    if (NIL_P(ip_obj)) {
+	interp = (Tcl_Interp *)NULL;
+    } else {
+	interp = get_ip(ip_obj)->ip;
+    }
+
+    StringValue(list_str);
+
+    {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	/* object style interface */
+	Tcl_Obj *listobj;
+	int     objc;
+	Tcl_Obj **objv;
+	int thr_crit_bup;
+
+# if 1
+#  if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	listobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(list_str)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(list_str)->len); 
+#  else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	{
+	    VALUE enc = rb_ivar_get(list_str, ID_at_enc);
+
+	    if (!NIL_P(enc) && strcmp(StringValuePtr(enc), "binary") == 0) {
+		/* binary string */
+		listobj = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(RSTRING(list_str)->ptr, 
+					      RSTRING(list_str)->len);
+	    } else if (strlen(RSTRING(list_str)->ptr)
+		                    != RSTRING(list_str)->len) {
+		/* probably binary string */
+		listobj = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(RSTRING(list_str)->ptr, 
+					      RSTRING(list_str)->len);
+	    } else {
+		/* probably text string */
+		listobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(list_str)->ptr, 
+					   RSTRING(list_str)->len); 
+	    }
+	}
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+#  endif
+# else
+	listobj = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING(list_str)->ptr, 
+				   RSTRING(list_str)->len); 
+# endif
+
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(listobj);
+
+	result = Tcl_ListObjGetElements(interp, listobj, &objc, &objv);
+
+	if (result == TCL_ERROR) {
+	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(listobj);
+	    if (interp == (Tcl_Interp*)NULL) {
+		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot get elements from list");
+	    } else {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", interp->result);
+#endif
+	    }
+	}
+
+	for(idx = 0; idx < objc; idx++) {
+	    Tcl_IncrRefCount(objv[idx]);
+	}
+
+	thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+	rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+	ary = rb_ary_new2(objc);
+	if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(ary);
+
+	old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+	for(idx = 0; idx < objc; idx++) {
+	    char *str;
+	    int  len;
+
+# if 1
+#  if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION == 0
+	    str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[idx], &len);
+	    elem = rb_str_new(str, len);
+#  else /* TCL_VERSION >= 8.1 */
+	    if (Tcl_GetCharLength(objv[idx]) 
+		!= Tcl_UniCharLen(Tcl_GetUnicode(objv[idx]))) {
+		/* possibly binary string */
+		str = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[idx], &len);
+		elem = rb_str_new(str, len);
+		rb_ivar_set(elem, ID_at_enc, rb_tainted_str_new2("binary"));
+	    } else {
+		/* possibly text string */
+		str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[idx], &len);
+		elem = rb_str_new(str, len);
+	    }
+#  endif
+# else
+	    str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[idx], &len);
+	    elem = rb_str_new(str, len);
+# endif
+
+	    if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(elem);
+	    RARRAY(ary)->ptr[idx] = elem;
+	}
+
+	RARRAY(ary)->len = objc;
+
+	if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+
+	rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+	for(idx = 0; idx < objc; idx++) {
+	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[idx]);
+	}
+
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(listobj);
+
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	/* string style interface */
+	int  argc;
+	char **argv;
+
+	if (Tcl_SplitList(interp, RSTRING(list_str)->ptr, 
+			  &argc, &argv) == TCL_ERROR) {
+	    if (interp == (Tcl_Interp*)NULL) {
+		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot get elements from list");
+	    } else {
+		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", interp->result);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	ary = rb_ary_new2(argc);
+	if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(ary);
+
+	old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+	for(idx = 0; idx < argc; idx++) {
+	    if (taint_flag) {
+		elem = rb_tainted_str_new2(argv[idx]);
+	    } else {
+		elem = rb_str_new2(argv[idx]);
+	    }
+	    /* rb_ivar_set(elem, ID_at_enc, rb_str_new2("binary")); */
+	    RARRAY(ary)->ptr[idx] = elem;
+	}
+	RARRAY(ary)->len = argc;
+
+	if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+#endif
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lib_split_tklist(self, list_str)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE list_str;
+{
+    return lib_split_tklist_core(Qnil, list_str);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+ip_split_tklist(self, list_str)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE list_str;
+{
+    return lib_split_tklist_core(self, list_str);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lib_merge_tklist(argc, argv, obj)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    int  num, len;
+    int  *flagPtr;
+    char *dst, *result;
+    volatile VALUE str;
+    int taint_flag = 0;
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+    VALUE old_gc;
+
+    if (argc == 0) return rb_str_new2("");
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+    old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
+
+    /* based on Tcl/Tk's Tcl_Merge() */
+    flagPtr = ALLOC_N(unsigned,  argc);
+
+    /* pass 1 */
+    len = 1;
+    for(num = 0; num < argc; num++) {
+	if (OBJ_TAINTED(argv[num])) taint_flag = 1;
+	dst = StringValuePtr(argv[num]);
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+	len += Tcl_ScanCountedElement(dst, RSTRING(argv[num])->len, 
+				      &flagPtr[num]) + 1;
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+	len += Tcl_ScanElement(dst, &flagPtr[num]) + 1;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /* pass 2 */
+    result = (char *)Tcl_Alloc(len);
+    dst = result;
+    for(num = 0; num < argc; num++) {
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+        len = Tcl_ConvertCountedElement(RSTRING(argv[num])->ptr, 
+					RSTRING(argv[num])->len, 
+					dst, flagPtr[num]);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+        len = Tcl_ConvertElement(RSTRING(argv[num])->ptr, dst, flagPtr[num]);
+#endif
+        dst += len;
+        *dst = ' ';
+        dst++;
+    }
+    if (dst == result) {
+        *dst = 0;
+    } else {
+        dst[-1] = 0;
+    }
+
+    free(flagPtr);
+
+    /* create object */
+    str = rb_str_new(result, dst - result - 1);
+    if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(str);
+    Tcl_Free(result);
+
+    if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lib_conv_listelement(self, src)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE src;
+{
+    int   len, scan_flag;
+    volatile VALUE dst;
+    int   taint_flag = OBJ_TAINTED(src);
+    int thr_crit_bup;
+
+    thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
+    rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
+
+    StringValue(src);
+
+#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    len = Tcl_ScanCountedElement(RSTRING(src)->ptr, RSTRING(src)->len, 
+				 &scan_flag);
+    dst = rb_str_new(0, len + 1);
+    len = Tcl_ConvertCountedElement(RSTRING(src)->ptr, RSTRING(src)->len, 
+				    RSTRING(dst)->ptr, scan_flag);
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
+    len = Tcl_ScanElement(RSTRING(src)->ptr, &scan_flag);
+    dst = rb_str_new(0, len + 1);
+    len = Tcl_ConvertElement(RSTRING(src)->ptr, RSTRING(dst)->ptr, scan_flag);
+#endif
+
+    RSTRING(dst)->len = len;
+    RSTRING(dst)->ptr[len] = '\0';
+    if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(dst);
+
+    rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+
+    return dst;
+}
+
+
 #ifdef __MACOS__
 static void
 _macinit()
@@ -2313,18 +5090,40 @@ _macinit()
 void
 Init_tcltklib()
 {
+    int  thr_crit_bup;
+
     VALUE lib = rb_define_module("TclTkLib");
     VALUE ip = rb_define_class("TclTkIp", rb_cObject);
 
     VALUE ev_flag = rb_define_module_under(lib, "EventFlag");
+    VALUE var_flag = rb_define_module_under(lib, "VarAccessFlag");
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 #if defined USE_TCL_STUBS && defined USE_TK_STUBS
     extern int ruby_tcltk_stubs();
     int ret = ruby_tcltk_stubs();
+
     if (ret)
 	rb_raise(rb_eLoadError, "tcltklib: tcltk_stubs init error(%d)", ret);
 #endif
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    rb_global_variable(&eTkCallbackReturn);
+    rb_global_variable(&eTkCallbackBreak);
+    rb_global_variable(&eTkCallbackContinue);
+
+    rb_global_variable(&eventloop_thread);
+    rb_global_variable(&watchdog_thread);
+
+   /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    rb_define_const(lib, "FINALIZE_PROC_NAME", 
+		    rb_str_new2(finalize_hook_name));
+
+   /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
     rb_define_const(ev_flag, "NONE",      INT2FIX(0));
     rb_define_const(ev_flag, "WINDOW",    INT2FIX(TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS));
     rb_define_const(ev_flag, "FILE",      INT2FIX(TCL_FILE_EVENTS));
@@ -2333,10 +5132,56 @@ Init_tcltklib()
     rb_define_const(ev_flag, "ALL",       INT2FIX(TCL_ALL_EVENTS));
     rb_define_const(ev_flag, "DONT_WAIT", INT2FIX(TCL_DONT_WAIT));
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "NONE",           INT2FIX(0));
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "GLOBAL_ONLY",    INT2FIX(TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY));
+#ifdef TCL_NAMESPACE_ONLY
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "NAMESPACE_ONLY", INT2FIX(TCL_NAMESPACE_ONLY));
+#else /* probably Tcl7.6 */
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "NAMESPACE_ONLY", INT2FIX(0));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "LEAVE_ERR_MSG",  INT2FIX(TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG));
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "APPEND_VALUE",   INT2FIX(TCL_APPEND_VALUE));
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "LIST_ELEMENT",   INT2FIX(TCL_LIST_ELEMENT));
+#ifdef TCL_PARSE_PART1
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "PARSE_VARNAME",  INT2FIX(TCL_PARSE_PART1));
+#else /* probably Tcl7.6 */
+    rb_define_const(var_flag, "PARSE_VARNAME",  INT2FIX(0));
+#endif
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    eTkCallbackBreak = rb_define_class("TkCallbackReturn", rb_eStandardError);
     eTkCallbackBreak = rb_define_class("TkCallbackBreak", rb_eStandardError);
     eTkCallbackContinue = rb_define_class("TkCallbackContinue",
                                           rb_eStandardError);
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    eLocalJumpError = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("LocalJumpError"));
+
+    ID_at_enc = rb_intern("@encoding");
+    ID_at_interp = rb_intern("@interp");
+
+    ID_stop_p = rb_intern("stop?");
+    ID_kill = rb_intern("kill");
+    ID_join = rb_intern("join");
+
+    ID_call = rb_intern("call");
+    ID_backtrace = rb_intern("backtrace");
+    ID_message = rb_intern("message");
+
+    ID_at_reason = rb_intern("@reason");
+    ID_return = rb_intern("return");
+    ID_break = rb_intern("break");
+    ID_next = rb_intern("next");
+
+    ID_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
+    ID_inspect = rb_intern("inspect");
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
     rb_define_module_function(lib, "mainloop", lib_mainloop, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(lib, "mainloop_watchdog", 
 			      lib_mainloop_watchdog, -1);
@@ -2351,11 +5196,27 @@ Init_tcltklib()
     rb_define_module_function(lib, "get_no_event_wait", get_no_event_wait, 0);
     rb_define_module_function(lib, "set_eventloop_weight", 
 			      set_eventloop_weight, 2);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "set_max_block_time", set_max_block_time,1);
     rb_define_module_function(lib, "get_eventloop_weight", 
 			      get_eventloop_weight, 0);
     rb_define_module_function(lib, "num_of_mainwindows", 
 			      lib_num_of_mainwindows, 0);
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_split_tklist", lib_split_tklist, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_merge_tklist", lib_merge_tklist, -1);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_conv_listelement", 
+			      lib_conv_listelement, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_toUTF8", lib_toUTF8, -1);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_fromUTF8", lib_fromUTF8, -1);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_subst_UTF_backslash", 
+			      lib_UTF_backslash, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(lib, "_subst_Tcl_backslash", 
+			      lib_Tcl_backslash, 1);
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
     rb_define_alloc_func(ip, ip_alloc);
     rb_define_method(ip, "initialize", ip_init, -1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "create_slave", ip_create_slave, -1);
@@ -2364,13 +5225,36 @@ Init_tcltklib()
     rb_define_method(ip, "delete", ip_delete, 0);
     rb_define_method(ip, "deleted?", ip_is_deleted_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(ip, "_eval", ip_eval, 1);
-    rb_define_method(ip, "_toUTF8",ip_toUTF8, 2);
-    rb_define_method(ip, "_fromUTF8",ip_fromUTF8, 2);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_toUTF8", ip_toUTF8, -1);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_fromUTF8", ip_fromUTF8, -1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "_thread_vwait", ip_thread_vwait, 1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "_thread_tkwait", ip_thread_tkwait, 2);
     rb_define_method(ip, "_invoke", ip_invoke, -1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "_return_value", ip_retval, 0);
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_get_variable", ip_get_variable, 2);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_get_variable2", ip_get_variable2, 3);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_set_variable", ip_set_variable, 3);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_set_variable2", ip_set_variable2, 4);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_unset_variable", ip_unset_variable, 2);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_unset_variable2", ip_unset_variable2, 3);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_get_global_var", ip_get_global_var, 1);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_get_global_var2", ip_get_global_var2, 2);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_set_global_var", ip_set_global_var, 2);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_set_global_var2", ip_set_global_var2, 3);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_unset_global_var", ip_unset_global_var, 1);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_unset_global_var2", ip_unset_global_var2, 2);
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_split_tklist", ip_split_tklist, 1);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_merge_tklist", lib_merge_tklist, -1);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "_conv_listelement", lib_conv_listelement, 1);
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
     rb_define_method(ip, "mainloop", ip_mainloop, -1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "mainloop_watchdog", ip_mainloop_watchdog, -1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "do_one_event", ip_do_one_event, -1);
@@ -2384,19 +5268,25 @@ Init_tcltklib()
     rb_define_method(ip, "get_no_event_wait", ip_get_no_event_wait, 0);
     rb_define_method(ip, "set_eventloop_weight", ip_set_eventloop_weight, 2);
     rb_define_method(ip, "get_eventloop_weight", ip_get_eventloop_weight, 0);
+    rb_define_method(ip, "set_max_block_time", set_max_block_time, 1);
     rb_define_method(ip, "restart", ip_restart, 0);
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
     eventloop_thread = 0;
     watchdog_thread  = 0;
 
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
 #ifdef __MACOS__
     _macinit();
 #endif
 
-    /*---- initialize tcl/tk libraries ----*/
     /* from Tk_Main() */
     DUMP1("Tcl_FindExecutable");
     Tcl_FindExecutable(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr);
+
+    /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
 }
 
 /* eof */
diff --git a/ext/tk/MANIFEST b/ext/tk/MANIFEST
index 503adaabb..32d8029de 100644
--- a/ext/tk/MANIFEST
+++ b/ext/tk/MANIFEST
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 MANIFEST
 README.1st
+README.fork
 extconf.rb
 depend
 tkutil.c
@@ -22,6 +23,77 @@ lib/tkscrollbox.rb
 lib/tktext.rb
 lib/tkvirtevent.rb
 lib/tkwinpkg.rb
+lib/tk/after.rb
+lib/tk/autoload.rb
+lib/tk/bgerror.rb
+lib/tk/bindtag.rb
+lib/tk/button.rb
+lib/tk/canvas.rb
+lib/tk/canvastag.rb
+lib/tk/checkbutton.rb
+lib/tk/clipboard.rb
+lib/tk/clock.rb
+lib/tk/composite.rb
+lib/tk/console.rb
+lib/tk/dialog.rb
+lib/tk/encodedstr.rb
+lib/tk/entry.rb
+lib/tk/event.rb
+lib/tk/font.rb
+lib/tk/frame.rb
+lib/tk/grid.rb
+lib/tk/image.rb
+lib/tk/itemfont.rb
+lib/tk/kinput.rb
+lib/tk/label.rb
+lib/tk/labelframe.rb
+lib/tk/listbox.rb
+lib/tk/macpkg.rb
+lib/tk/menu.rb
+lib/tk/menubar.rb
+lib/tk/message.rb
+lib/tk/mngfocus.rb
+lib/tk/msgcat.rb
+lib/tk/namespace.rb
+lib/tk/optiondb.rb
+lib/tk/pack.rb
+lib/tk/package.rb
+lib/tk/palette.rb
+lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
+lib/tk/place.rb
+lib/tk/radiobutton.rb
+lib/tk/root.rb
+lib/tk/scale.rb
+lib/tk/scrollable.rb
+lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
+lib/tk/scrollbox.rb
+lib/tk/selection.rb
+lib/tk/spinbox.rb
+lib/tk/tagfont.rb
+lib/tk/text.rb
+lib/tk/textimage.rb
+lib/tk/textmark.rb
+lib/tk/texttag.rb
+lib/tk/textwindow.rb
+lib/tk/timer.rb
+lib/tk/toplevel.rb
+lib/tk/txtwin_abst.rb
+lib/tk/validation.rb
+lib/tk/variable.rb
+lib/tk/virtevent.rb
+lib/tk/winfo.rb
+lib/tk/winpkg.rb
+lib/tk/wm.rb
+lib/tk/xim.rb
+sample/binding_sample.rb
+sample/bindtag_sample.rb
+sample/binstr_usage.rb
+sample/btn_with_frame.rb
+sample/encstr_usage.rb
+sample/iso2022-kr.txt
+sample/propagate.rb
+sample/resource.en
+sample/resource.ja
 sample/safe-tk.rb
 sample/tkalignbox.rb
 sample/tkballoonhelp.rb
@@ -33,20 +105,22 @@ sample/tkfrom.rb
 sample/tkhello.rb
 sample/tkline.rb
 sample/tkmenubutton.rb
+sample/tkmsgcat-load_rb.rb
+sample/tkmsgcat-load_rb2.rb
+sample/tkmsgcat-load_tk.rb
 sample/tkmulticolumnlist.rb
 sample/tkmultilistbox.rb
 sample/tkmultilistframe.rb
 sample/tkoptdb-safeTk.rb
 sample/tkoptdb.rb
 sample/tktextframe.rb
-sample/resource.ja
-sample/resource.en
 sample/tktimer.rb
 sample/tktimer2.rb
 sample/tktimer3.rb
 sample/demos-en/ChangeLog
 sample/demos-en/ChangeLog.prev
 sample/demos-en/README
+sample/demos-en/README.1st
 sample/demos-en/README.tkencoding
 sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
 sample/demos-en/bind.rb
@@ -55,6 +129,7 @@ sample/demos-en/browse1
 sample/demos-en/browse2
 sample/demos-en/button.rb
 sample/demos-en/check.rb
+sample/demos-en/check2.rb
 sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
 sample/demos-en/colors.rb
 sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
@@ -71,6 +146,7 @@ sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
 sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
 sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
 sample/demos-en/floor.rb
+sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
 sample/demos-en/form.rb
 sample/demos-en/hello
 sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
@@ -78,19 +154,6 @@ sample/demos-en/icon.rb
 sample/demos-en/image1.rb
 sample/demos-en/image2.rb
 sample/demos-en/image3.rb
-sample/demos-en/images/earth.gif
-sample/demos-en/images/earthris.gif
-sample/demos-en/images/face.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/flagdown.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/flagup.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/gray25.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/grey.25
-sample/demos-en/images/grey.5
-sample/demos-en/images/letters.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/noletter.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/pattern.xbm
-sample/demos-en/images/tcllogo.gif
-sample/demos-en/images/teapot.ppm
 sample/demos-en/items.rb
 sample/demos-en/ixset
 sample/demos-en/ixset2
@@ -107,6 +170,7 @@ sample/demos-en/plot.rb
 sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
 sample/demos-en/radio.rb
 sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
+sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
 sample/demos-en/rmt
 sample/demos-en/rolodex
 sample/demos-en/rolodex-j
@@ -123,6 +187,7 @@ sample/demos-en/text.rb
 sample/demos-en/timer
 sample/demos-en/tkencoding.rb
 sample/demos-en/twind.rb
+sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
 sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
 sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
 sample/demos-en/widget
@@ -134,6 +199,7 @@ sample/demos-jp/browse1
 sample/demos-jp/browse2
 sample/demos-jp/button.rb
 sample/demos-jp/check.rb
+sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
 sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
 sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
 sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
@@ -150,6 +216,7 @@ sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
 sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
 sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
 sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
+sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
 sample/demos-jp/form.rb
 sample/demos-jp/hello
 sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
@@ -157,19 +224,6 @@ sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
 sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
 sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
 sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
-sample/demos-jp/images/earth.gif
-sample/demos-jp/images/earthris.gif
-sample/demos-jp/images/face.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/flagdown.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/flagup.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/gray25.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/grey.25
-sample/demos-jp/images/grey.5
-sample/demos-jp/images/letters.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/noletter.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/pattern.bmp
-sample/demos-jp/images/tcllogo.gif
-sample/demos-jp/images/teapot.ppm
 sample/demos-jp/items.rb
 sample/demos-jp/ixset
 sample/demos-jp/ixset2
@@ -186,6 +240,7 @@ sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
 sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
 sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
 sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
+sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
 sample/demos-jp/rmt
 sample/demos-jp/rolodex
 sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
@@ -200,6 +255,51 @@ sample/demos-jp/tcolor
 sample/demos-jp/text.rb
 sample/demos-jp/timer
 sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
+sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
 sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
 sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
 sample/demos-jp/widget
+sample/images/earth.gif
+sample/images/earthris.gif
+sample/images/face.xbm
+sample/images/flagdown.xbm
+sample/images/flagup.xbm
+sample/images/gray25.xbm
+sample/images/grey.25
+sample/images/grey.5
+sample/images/letters.xbm
+sample/images/noletter.xbm
+sample/images/pattern.xbm
+sample/images/tcllogo.gif
+sample/images/teapot.ppm
+sample/msgs_rb/README
+sample/msgs_rb/cs.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/de.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/el.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/en.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/en_gb.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/eo.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/es.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/fr.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/it.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/ja.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/nl.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/pl.msg
+sample/msgs_rb/ru.msg
+sample/msgs_rb2/README
+sample/msgs_rb2/de.msg
+sample/msgs_rb2/ja.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/README
+sample/msgs_tk/cs.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/de.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/el.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/en.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/en_gb.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/eo.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/es.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/fr.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/it.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/ja.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/nl.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/pl.msg
+sample/msgs_tk/ru.msg
diff --git a/ext/tk/extconf.rb b/ext/tk/extconf.rb
index f769b06e3..4f87d527a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/extconf.rb
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 require 'mkmf'
+$preload = ["tcltklib"]
 create_makefile("tkutil")
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
index c2dcb4f97..a3cd3857a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #			by Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 require 'tcltklib'
+require 'tkutil'
 require 'thread'
 
 ################################################
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ TclTkLib.mainloop_abort_on_exception = true
 # TclTkLib.mainloop_abort_on_exception = nil
 
 
-
 ################################################
 # exceptiopn to treat the return value from IP
 class MultiTkIp_OK < Exception
@@ -48,12 +48,15 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
   ######################################
 
-  @@CB_ENTRY_CLASS = Class.new{|c|
+  @@CB_ENTRY_CLASS = Class.new(TkCallbackEntry){|c|
     def initialize(ip, cmd)
       @ip = ip
       @cmd = cmd
     end
     attr_reader :ip, :cmd
+    def inspect
+      cmd.inspect
+    end
     def call(*args)
       begin
 	 unless @ip.deleted?
@@ -68,8 +71,11 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
   ######################################
 
-  def _keys2opts(keys)
-    keys.collect{|k,v| "-#{k} #{v}"}.join(' ')
+  def _keys2opts(src_keys)
+    return nil if src_keys == nil
+    keys = {}; src_keys.each{|k, v| keys[k.to_s] = v}
+    #keys.collect{|k,v| "-#{k} #{v}"}.join(' ')
+    keys.collect{|k,v| "-#{k} #{TclTkLib._conv_listelement(TkComm::_get_eval_string(v))}"}.join(' ')
   end
   private :_keys2opts
 
@@ -136,10 +142,11 @@ class MultiTkIp
 	  rescue SystemExit
 	    # delete IP
 	    unless @interp.deleted?
-	      if @interp._invoke('info', 'command', '.') != ""
-		@interp._invoke('destroy', '.')
-	      end
-	      @interp.delete
+	      # if @interp._invoke('info', 'command', '.') != ""
+	      #   @interp._invoke('destroy', '.')
+	      # end
+	      # @interp.delete
+	      @interp._eval_without_enc('exit')
 	    end
 	    _check_and_return(thread, MultiTkIp_OK.new(nil))
 	    break
@@ -200,14 +207,14 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
   @@DEFAULT_MASTER = self.allocate
   @@DEFAULT_MASTER.instance_eval{
-    @encoding = [].taint
-
     @tk_windows = {}.taint
 
     @tk_table_list = [].taint
 
     @slave_ip_tbl = {}.taint
 
+    @slave_ip_top = {}.taint
+
     unless keys.kind_of? Hash
       fail ArgumentError, "expecting a Hash object for the 2nd argument"
     end
@@ -274,23 +281,28 @@ class MultiTkIp
     tk_opts   = {}
 
     keys.each{|k,v|
-      if k.to_s == 'name'
+      k_str = k.to_s
+      if k_str == 'name'
 	name = v 
-      elsif k.to_s == 'safe'
+      elsif k_str == 'safe'
 	safe = v
-      elsif SAFE_OPT_LIST.member?(k.to_s)
-	safe_opts[k] = v
+      elsif SAFE_OPT_LIST.member?(k_str)
+	safe_opts[k_str] = v
       else
-	tk_opts[k] = v
+	tk_opts[k_str] = v
       end
     }
 
-    [name, safe, safe_opts, tk_opts]
+    if keys['without_tk'] || keys[:without_tk]
+      [name, safe, safe_opts, nil]
+    else
+      [name, safe, safe_opts, tk_opts]
+    end
   end
   private :_parse_slaveopts
 
   def _create_slave_ip_name
-    name = SLAVE_IP_ID.join
+    name = SLAVE_IP_ID.join('')
     SLAVE_IP_ID[1].succ!
     name
   end
@@ -388,14 +400,18 @@ class MultiTkIp
     # procedure to delete slave interpreter
     slave_delete_proc = proc{
       unless slave_ip.deleted?
-	if slave_ip._invoke('info', 'command', '.') != ""
-	  slave_ip._invoke('destroy', '.')
-	end
-	slave_ip.delete
+	#if slave_ip._invoke('info', 'command', '.') != ""
+	#  slave_ip._invoke('destroy', '.')
+	#end
+	#slave_ip.delete
+	slave_ip._eval_without_enc('exit')
       end
+      top.destroy if top.winfo_exist?
     }
     tag = TkBindTag.new.bind('Destroy', slave_delete_proc)
 
+    top.bindtags = top.bindtags.unshift(tag)
+
     # create control frame
     TkFrame.new(top, :bg=>'red', :borderwidth=>3, :relief=>'ridge') {|fc|
       fc.bindtags = fc.bindtags.unshift(tag)
@@ -421,23 +437,45 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
     # return keys
     loadTk_keys['use'] = TkWinfo.id(c)
-    loadTk_keys
+    [loadTk_keys, top.path]
   end
   private :__create_safetk_frame
 
   def __create_safe_slave_obj(safe_opts, app_name, tk_opts)
     # safe interpreter
-    # at present, not enough support for '-deleteHook' option
     ip_name = _create_slave_ip_name
     slave_ip = @interp.create_slave(ip_name, true)
-    @interp._eval("::safe::interpInit #{ip_name} "+_keys2opts(safe_opts))
-    tk_opts = __check_safetk_optkeys(tk_opts)
-    unless tk_opts.key?('use')
-      tk_opts = __create_safetk_frame(slave_ip, ip_name, app_name, tk_opts)
-    end
-    slave_ip._invoke('set', 'argv0', app_name) if app_name.kind_of?(String)
-    @interp._eval("::safe::loadTk #{ip_name} #{_keys2opts(tk_opts)}")
     @slave_ip_tbl[ip_name] = slave_ip
+
+    @interp._eval("::safe::interpInit #{ip_name}")
+
+    slave_ip._invoke('set', 'argv0', app_name) if app_name.kind_of?(String)
+
+    if tk_opts
+      tk_opts = __check_safetk_optkeys(tk_opts)
+      if tk_opts.key?('use')
+	@slave_ip_top[ip_name] = ''
+      else
+	tk_opts, top_path = __create_safetk_frame(slave_ip, ip_name, app_name, 
+						  tk_opts)
+	@slave_ip_top[ip_name] = top_path
+      end
+      @interp._eval("::safe::loadTk #{ip_name} #{_keys2opts(tk_opts)}")
+    else
+      @slave_ip_top[ip_name] = nil
+    end
+
+    if safe_opts.key?('deleteHook') || safe_opts.key?(:deleteHook)
+      @interp._eval("::safe::interpConfigure #{ip_name} " + 
+		    _keys2opts(safe_opts))
+    else
+      @interp._eval("::safe::interpConfigure #{ip_name} " + 
+		    _keys2opts(safe_opts) + '-deleteHook {' + 
+		    TkComm._get_eval_string(proc{|slave|
+					      self._default_delete_hook(slave)
+					    }) + '}')
+    end
+
     [slave_ip, ip_name]
   end
 
@@ -481,15 +519,15 @@ class MultiTkIp
       fail ArgumentError, "expecting a Hash object for the 2nd argument"
     end
 
-    @encoding = []
     @tk_windows = {}
     @tk_table_list = []
     @slave_ip_tbl = {}
+    @slave_ip_top = {}
 
-    @encoding.taint unless @encoding.tainted?
     @tk_windows.taint unless @tk_windows.tainted?
     @tk_table_list.taint unless @tk_table_list.tainted?
     @slave_ip_tbl.taint unless @slave_ip_tbl.tainted?
+    @slave_ip_top.taint unless @slave_ip_top.tainted?
 
     name, safe, safe_opts, tk_opts = _parse_slaveopts(keys)
 
@@ -532,6 +570,34 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
     self.freeze  # defend against modification
   end
+
+  ######################################
+
+  def _default_delete_hook(slave)
+    if @slave_ip_top[slave].kind_of?(String)
+      # call default hook of safetk.tcl (ignore exceptions)
+      if @slave_ip_top[slave] == ''
+	begin
+	  @interp._eval("::safe::disallowTk #{slave}")
+	rescue
+	  warn("Waring: fail to call '::safe::disallowTk'") if $DEBUG
+	end
+      else # toplevel path
+	begin
+	  @interp._eval("::safe::tkDelete {} #{@slave_ip_top[slave]} #{slave}")
+	rescue
+	  warn("Waring: fail to call '::safe::tkDelete'") if $DEBUG
+	  begin
+	    @interp._eval("destroy #{@slave_ip_top[slave]}")
+	  rescue
+	    warn("Waring: fail to destroy toplevel") if $DEBUG
+	  end
+	end
+      end
+    end
+    @slave_ip_tbl.delete(slave)
+    @slave_ip_top.delete(slave)
+  end
 end
 
 
@@ -796,6 +862,10 @@ class MultiTkIp
       rescue SystemExit
 	# exit IP
 	warn("Warning: "+ $! + " on " + self.inspect) if $DEBUG
+	begin
+	  self._eval_without_enc('exit')
+	rescue Exception
+	end
 	self.delete
 	ret = nil
       rescue Exception => e
@@ -823,6 +893,10 @@ class MultiTkIp
     rescue SystemExit
       # exit IP
       warn("Warning: " + $! + " on " + self.inspect) if $DEBUG
+      begin
+	self._eval_without_enc('exit')
+      rescue Exception
+      end
       self.delete
     rescue Exception => e
       # others --> warning
@@ -868,10 +942,12 @@ class << MultiTkIp
     __getip.do_one_event(flag)
   end
   def mainloop_abort_on_exception
-    __getip.mainloop_abort_on_exception
+    # __getip.mainloop_abort_on_exception
+    TclTkLib.mainloop_abort_on_exception
   end
   def mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
-    __getip.mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
+    # __getip.mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
+    TclTkLib.mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
   end
   def set_eventloop_tick(tick)
     __getip.set_eventloop_tick(tick)
@@ -919,6 +995,22 @@ class << MultiTkIp
     __getip._invoke(*args)
   end
 
+  def _eval_without_enc(str)
+    __getip._eval_without_enc(str)
+  end
+
+  def _invoke_without_enc(*args)
+    __getip._invoke_without_enc(*args)
+  end
+
+  def _eval_with_enc(str)
+    __getip._eval_with_enc(str)
+  end
+
+  def _invoke_with_enc(*args)
+    __getip._invoke_with_enc(*args)
+  end
+
   def _toUTF8(str, encoding)
     __getip._toUTF8(str, encoding)
   end
@@ -938,6 +1030,54 @@ class << MultiTkIp
   def _return_value
     __getip._return_value
   end
+
+  def _get_variable(var, flag)
+    __getip._get_variable(var, flag)
+  end
+  def _get_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+    __getip._get_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+  end
+  def _set_variable(var, value, flag)
+    __getip._set_variable(var, value, flag)
+  end
+  def _set_variable2(var, idx, value, flag)
+    __getip._set_variable2(var, idx, value, flag)
+  end
+  def _unset_variable(var, flag)
+    __getip._unset_variable(var, flag)
+  end
+  def _unset_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+    __getip._unset_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+  end
+
+  def _get_global_var(var)
+    __getip._get_global_var(var)
+  end
+  def _get_global_var2(var, idx)
+    __getip._get_global_var2(var, idx)
+  end
+  def _set_global_var(var, value)
+    __getip._set_global_var(var, value)
+  end
+  def _set_global_var2(var, idx, value)
+    __getip._set_global_var2(var, idx, value)
+  end
+  def _unset_global_var(var)
+    __getip._unset_global_var(var)
+  end
+  def _unset_global_var2(var, idx)
+    __getip._unset_global_var2(var, idx)
+  end
+
+  def _split_tklist(str)
+    __getip._split_tklist(str)
+  end
+  def _merge_tklist(*args)
+    __getip._merge_tklist(*args)
+  end
+  def _conv_listelement(arg)
+    __getip._conv_listelement(arg)
+  end
 end
 
 
@@ -952,12 +1092,12 @@ class << TclTkLib
   def do_one_event(flag = TclTkLib::EventFlag::ALL)
     MultiTkIp.do_one_event(flag)
   end
-  def mainloop_abort_on_exception
-    MultiTkIp.mainloop_abort_on_exception
-  end
-  def mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
-    MultiTkIp.mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
-  end
+  #def mainloop_abort_on_exception
+  #  MultiTkIp.mainloop_abort_on_exception
+  #end
+  #def mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
+  #  MultiTkIp.mainloop_abort_on_exception=(mode)
+  #end
   def set_eventloop_tick(tick)
     MultiTkIp.set_eventloop_tick(tick)
   end
@@ -979,12 +1119,19 @@ class << TclTkLib
   def restart
     MultiTkIp.restart
   end
+
+  def _merge_tklist(*args)
+    MultiTkIp._merge_tklist(*args)
+  end
+  def _conv_listelement(arg)
+    MultiTkIp._conv_listelement(arg)
+  end
 end
 
 
 # depend on TclTkIp
 class MultiTkIp
-  def mainloop(check_root = true, restart_on_dead = true)
+  def mainloop(check_root = true, restart_on_dead = false)
     return self if self.slave?
     unless restart_on_dead
       @interp.mainloop(check_root)
@@ -1022,6 +1169,10 @@ class MultiTkIp
   end
 
   def delete
+    if safe?
+      # do 'exit' to call the delete_hook procedure
+      @interp._eval_without_enc('exit')
+    end
     @interp.delete
   end
 
@@ -1041,6 +1192,22 @@ class MultiTkIp
     @interp._invoke(*args)
   end
 
+  def _eval_without_enc(str)
+    @interp._eval_without_enc(str)
+  end
+
+  def _invoke_without_enc(*args)
+    @interp._invoke_without_enc(*args)
+  end
+
+  def _eval_with_enc(str)
+    @interp._eval_with_enc(str)
+  end
+
+  def _invoke_with_enc(*args)
+    @interp._invoke_with_enc(*args)
+  end
+
   def _toUTF8(str, encoding)
     @interp._toUTF8(str, encoding)
   end
@@ -1060,6 +1227,54 @@ class MultiTkIp
   def _return_value
     @interp._return_value
   end
+
+  def _get_variable(var, flag)
+    @interp._get_variable(var, flag)
+  end
+  def _get_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+    @interp._get_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+  end
+  def _set_variable(var, value, flag)
+    @interp._set_variable(var, value, flag)
+  end
+  def _set_variable2(var, idx, value, flag)
+    @interp._set_variable2(var, idx, value, flag)
+  end
+  def _unset_variable(var, flag)
+    @interp._unset_variable(var, flag)
+  end
+  def _unset_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+    @interp._unset_variable2(var, idx, flag)
+  end
+
+  def _get_global_var(var)
+    @interp._get_global_var(var)
+  end
+  def _get_global_var2(var, idx)
+    @interp._get_global_var2(var, idx)
+  end
+  def _set_global_var(var, value)
+    @interp._set_global_var(var, value)
+  end
+  def _set_global_var2(var, idx, value)
+    @interp._set_global_var2(var, idx, value)
+  end
+  def _unset_global_var(var)
+    @interp._unset_global_var(var)
+  end
+  def _unset_global_var2(var, idx)
+    @interp._unset_global_var2(var, idx)
+  end
+
+  def _split_tklist(str)
+    @interp._split_tklist(str)
+  end
+  def _merge_tklist(*args)
+    @interp._merge_tklist(*args)
+  end
+  def _conv_listelement(arg)
+    @interp._conv_listelement(arg)
+  end
 end
 
 
@@ -1090,7 +1305,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
     else
       list.push str[0..i-1]
     end
-    list += tk_split_simplelist(str[i+1..-1])
+    list += _lst2ary(str[i+1..-1])
     list
   end
   private :_lst2ary
@@ -1224,6 +1439,14 @@ class MultiTkIp
     self
   end
 
+  def recursion_limit(slave = '', limit = None)
+    number(@interp._invoke('interp', 'recursionlimit', 
+			   _slavearg(slave), limit))
+  end
+  def self.recursion_limit(slave = '', limit = None)
+    __getip.recursion_limit(slave)
+  end
+
   def alias_target(aliascmd, slave = '')
     @interp._invoke('interp', 'target', _slavearg(slave), aliascmd)
   end
@@ -1309,35 +1532,94 @@ class MultiTkIp
 end
 
 
-# encoding convert
+# Safe Base :: manipulating safe interpreter
 class MultiTkIp
-  # from tkencoding.rb by ttate@jaist.ac.jp
-  alias __eval _eval
-  alias __invoke _invoke
+  def safeip_configure(slave, slot, value=None)
+    # use for '-noStatics' option ==> {statics=>false}
+    #     for '-nestedLoadOk' option ==> {nested=>true}
+    if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
+      ip = MultiTkIp.__getip
+      ip._eval('::safe::interpConfigure ' + @ip_name + ' ' + 
+	       hash_kv(slot).join(' '))
+    else
+      ip._eval('::safe::interpConfigure ' + @ip_name + ' ' + 
+	       "-#{slot} #{_get_eval_string(value)}")
+    end
+    self
+  end
+
+  def safeip_configinfo(slot = nil)
+    ip = MultiTkIp.__getip
+    ret = {}
+    if slot
+      conf = _lst2ary(ip._eval("::safe::interpConfigure " + 
+			       @ip_name + " -#{slot}"))
+      if conf[0] == '-deleteHook'
+	if conf[1] =~ /^rb_out (c\d+)/
+	  ret[conf[0][1..-1]] = MultiTkIp._tk_cmd_tbl[$1]
+	else
+	  ret[conf[0][1..-1]] = conf[1]
+	end
+      else
+	ret[conf[0][1..-1]] = conf[1]
+      end
+    else
+      Hash[*_lst2ary(ip._eval("::safe::interpConfigure " + 
+			      @ip_name))].each{|k, v|
+	if k == '-deleteHook'
+	  if v =~ /^rb_out (c\d+)/
+	    ret[k[1..-1]] = MultiTkIp._tk_cmd_tbl[$1]
+	  else
+	    ret[k[1..-1]] = v
+	  end
+	else
+	  ret[k[1..-1]] = v
+	end
+      }
+    end
+    ret
+  end
 
+  def safeip_delete(slave)
+    ip = MultiTkIp.__getip
+    ip._eval("::safe::interpDelete " + @ip_name)
+  end
+
+  def safeip_add_to_access_path(slave, dir)
+    ip = MultiTkIp.__getip
+    ip._eval("::safe::interpAddToAccessPath #{@ip_name} #{dir}")
+  end
+
+  def safeip_find_in_access_path(slave, dir)
+    ip = MultiTkIp.__getip
+    ip._eval("::safe::interpFindInAccessPath #{@ip_name} #{dir}")
+  end
+
+  def safeip_set_log_cmd(slave, cmd = Proc.new)
+    ip = MultiTkIp.__getip
+    ip._eval("::safe::setLogCmd #{@ip_name} #{_get_eval_string(cmd)}")
+  end
+end
+
+
+# encoding convert
+class MultiTkIp
   def encoding
-    @encoding[0]
+    @interp.encoding
   end
   def encoding=(enc)
-    @encoding[0] = enc
+    @interp.encoding = enc
   end
-    
-  def _eval(cmd)
-    if @encoding[0] != nil
-      _fromUTF8(__eval(_toUTF8(cmd, @encoding[0])), @encoding[0])
-    else
-      __eval(cmd)
-    end
+
+  def encoding_convertfrom(str, enc=None)
+    @interp.encoding_convertfrom(str, enc)
   end
+  alias encoding_convert_from encoding_convertfrom
 
-  def _invoke(*cmds)
-    if defined?(@encoding[0]) && @encoding[0] != nil
-      cmds = cmds.collect{|cmd| _toUTF8(cmd, @encoding[0])}
-      _fromUTF8(__invoke(*cmds), @encoding[0])
-    else
-      __invoke(*cmds)
-    end
+  def encoding_convertto(str, enc=None)
+    @interp.encoding_convertto(str, enc)
   end
+  alias encoding_convert_to encoding_convertto
 end
 
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
index 6bae4d8f4..36a9e54f2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
@@ -4,17 +4,30 @@
 #			by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>
 
 # use Shigehiro's tcltklib
-require "tcltklib"
-require "tkutil"
+require 'tcltklib'
+require 'tkutil'
 
+# autoload
+require 'tk/autoload'
+
+class TclTkIp
+  # backup original (without encoding) _eval and _invoke
+  alias _eval_without_enc _eval
+  alias _invoke_without_enc _invoke
+end
+
+# define TkComm module (step 1: basic functions)
 module TkComm
+  include TkUtil
+  extend TkUtil
+
   WidgetClassNames = {}.taint
 
-  None = Object.new
-  def None.to_s
-    'None'
-  end
-  None.freeze
+  # None = Object.new  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
+  # def None.to_s
+  #   'None'
+  # end
+  # None.freeze
 
   #Tk_CMDTBL = {}
   #Tk_WINDOWS = {}
@@ -36,6 +49,21 @@ module TkComm
     @cmdtbl = [].taint
   }
 
+  unless const_defined?(:GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY)
+    # GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY = false => returns a Hash { opt =>val, ... }
+    #                           true  => returns an Array [[opt,val], ... ]
+    # val is a list which includes resource info. 
+    GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY = true
+  end
+  unless const_defined?(:GET_CONFIGINFOwoRES_AS_ARRAY)
+    # for configinfo without resource info; list of [opt, value] pair
+    #           false => returns a Hash { opt=>val, ... }
+    #           true  => returns an Array [[opt,val], ... ]
+    GET_CONFIGINFOwoRES_AS_ARRAY = true
+  end
+  #  *** ATTENTION ***
+  # 'current_configinfo' method always returns a Hash under all cases of above.
+
   def error_at
     frames = caller()
     frames.delete_if do |c|
@@ -50,7 +78,7 @@ module TkComm
 
     begin
       #tk_class = TkCore::INTERP._invoke('winfo', 'class', path)
-      tk_class = Tk.ip_invoke('winfo', 'class', path)
+      tk_class = Tk.ip_invoke_without_enc('winfo', 'class', path)
     rescue
       return path
     end
@@ -82,14 +110,20 @@ module TkComm
   private :_genobj_for_tkwidget
   module_function :_genobj_for_tkwidget
 
-  def tk_tcl2ruby(val)
+  def tk_tcl2ruby(val, enc_mode = nil)
     if val =~ /^rb_out (c\d+)/
       #return Tk_CMDTBL[$1]
       return TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[$1]
-    end
-    if val.include? ?\s
-      return val.split.collect{|v| tk_tcl2ruby(v)}
-    end
+      #cmd_obj = TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[$1]
+      #if cmd_obj.kind_of?(Proc) || cmd_obj.kind_of?(Method)
+      #  cmd_obj
+      #else
+      #  cmd_obj.cmd
+      #end
+    end
+    #if val.include? ?\s
+    #  return val.split.collect{|v| tk_tcl2ruby(v)}
+    #end
     case val
     when /^@font/
       TkFont.get_obj(val)
@@ -101,19 +135,124 @@ module TkComm
            TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[val] : _genobj_for_tkwidget(val)
     when /^i\d+$/
       TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val] : val
-    when / /
-      val.split.collect{|elt|
-	tk_tcl2ruby(elt)
-      }
     when /^-?\d+\.?\d*(e[-+]?\d+)?$/
       val.to_f
+    when /[^\\] /
+      tk_split_escstr(val).collect{|elt|
+        tk_tcl2ruby(elt)
+      }
+    when /\\ /
+      val.gsub(/\\ /, ' ')
     else
-      val
+      if enc_mode
+	_fromUTF8(val)
+      else
+	val
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private :tk_tcl2ruby
+
+unless const_defined?(:USE_TCLs_LIST_FUNCTIONS)
+  USE_TCLs_LIST_FUNCTIONS = true
+end
+
+if USE_TCLs_LIST_FUNCTIONS
+  ###########################################################################
+  # use Tcl function version of split_list
+  ###########################################################################
+
+  def tk_split_escstr(str)
+    TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(str)
+  end
+
+  def tk_split_sublist(str)
+    return [] if str == ""
+    list = TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(str)
+    if list.size == 1
+      tk_tcl2ruby(list[0])
+    else
+      list.collect{|token| tk_split_sublist(token)}
     end
   end
 
   def tk_split_list(str)
     return [] if str == ""
+    TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(str).collect{|token| tk_split_sublist(token)}
+  end
+
+  def tk_split_simplelist(str)
+    #lst = TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(str)
+    #if (lst.size == 1 && lst =~ /^\{.*\}$/)
+    #  TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(str[1..-2])
+    #else
+    #  lst
+    #end
+    TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(str)
+  end
+
+  def array2tk_list(ary)
+    return "" if ary.size == 0
+
+    dst = ary.collect{|e|
+      if e.kind_of? Array
+	array2tk_list(e)
+      elsif e.kind_of? Hash
+	tmp_ary = []
+	e.each{|k,v| tmp_ary << k << v }
+	array2tk_list(tmp_ary)
+      else
+	_get_eval_string(e)
+      end
+    }
+    TkCore::INTERP._merge_tklist(*dst)
+  end
+
+else
+  ###########################################################################
+  # use Ruby script version of split_list (traditional methods)
+  ###########################################################################
+
+  def tk_split_escstr(str)
+    return [] if str == ""
+    list = []
+    token = nil
+    escape = false
+    brace = 0
+    str.split('').each {|c|
+      brace += 1 if c == '{' && !escape
+      brace -= 1 if c == '}' && !escape
+      if brace == 0 && c == ' ' && !escape
+        list << token.gsub(/^\{(.*)\}$/, '\1') if token
+        token = nil
+      else
+        token = (token || "") << c
+      end
+      escape = (c == '\\' && !escape)
+    }
+    list << token.gsub(/^\{(.*)\}$/, '\1') if token
+    list
+  end
+
+  def tk_split_sublist(str)
+    return [] if str == ""
+    return [tk_split_sublist(str[1..-2])] if str =~ /^\{.*\}$/
+    list = tk_split_escstr(str)
+    if list.size == 1
+      tk_tcl2ruby(list[0])
+    else
+      list.collect{|token| tk_split_sublist(token)}
+    end
+  end
+
+  def tk_split_list(str)
+    return [] if str == ""
+    tk_split_escstr(str).collect{|token| tk_split_sublist(token)}
+  end
+=begin
+  def tk_split_list(str)
+    return [] if str == ""
     idx = str.index('{')
     while idx and idx > 0 and str[idx-1] == ?\\
       idx = str.index('{', idx+1)
@@ -130,11 +269,13 @@ module TkComm
     list = [] if list == ""
     str = str[idx+1..-1]
     i = -1
+    escape = false
     brace = 1
     str.each_byte {|c|
       i += 1
-      brace += 1 if c == ?{
-      brace -= 1 if c == ?}
+      brace += 1 if c == ?{ && !escape
+      brace -= 1 if c == ?} && !escape
+      escape = (c == ?\\)
       break if brace == 0
     }
     if str.size == i + 1
@@ -148,56 +289,33 @@ module TkComm
     list += tk_split_list(str[i+1..-1])
     list
   end
+=end
 
   def tk_split_simplelist(str)
     return [] if str == ""
-    idx = str.index('{')
-    while idx and idx > 0 and str[idx-1] == ?\\
-      idx = str.index('{', idx+1)
-    end
-    return str.split unless idx
-
-    list = str[0,idx].split
-    str = str[idx+1..-1]
-    i = -1
-    brace = 1
-    str.each_byte {|c|
-      i += 1
-      brace += 1 if c == ?{
-      brace -= 1 if c == ?}
-      break if brace == 0
+    list = []
+    token = nil
+    escape = false
+    brace = 0
+    str.split('').each {|c|
+      if c == '\\' && !escape
+        escape = true
+        token = (token || "") << c if brace > 0
+	next
+      end
+      brace += 1 if c == '{' && !escape
+      brace -= 1 if c == '}' && !escape
+      if brace == 0 && c == ' ' && !escape
+        list << token.gsub(/^\{(.*)\}$/, '\1') if token
+        token = nil
+      else
+        token = (token || "") << c
+      end
+      escape = false
     }
-    if i == 0
-      list.push ''
-    elsif str[0, i] == ' '
-      list.push ' '
-    else
-      list.push str[0..i-1]
-    end
-    list += tk_split_simplelist(str[i+1..-1])
+    list << token.gsub(/^\{(.*)\}$/, '\1') if token
     list
   end
-  private :tk_tcl2ruby, :tk_split_list, :tk_split_simplelist
-
-  def _symbolkey2str(keys)
-    h = {}
-    keys.each{|key,value| h[key.to_s] = value}
-    h
-  end
-  private :_symbolkey2str
-
-  def hash_kv(keys)
-    conf = []
-    if keys and keys != None
-      for k, v in keys
-	 conf.push("-#{k}")
-	 conf.push(v)
-      end
-    end
-    conf
-  end
-  private :hash_kv
-  module_function :hash_kv
 
   def array2tk_list(ary)
     ary.collect{|e|
@@ -211,9 +329,61 @@ module TkComm
       end
     }.join(" ")
   end
+end
+
+  private :tk_split_escstr, :tk_split_sublist
+  private :tk_split_list, :tk_split_simplelist
   private :array2tk_list
+
+  module_function :tk_split_escstr, :tk_split_sublist
+  module_function :tk_split_list, :tk_split_simplelist
   module_function :array2tk_list
 
+  private_class_method :tk_split_escstr, :tk_split_sublist
+  private_class_method :tk_split_list, :tk_split_simplelist
+  private_class_method :array2tk_list
+
+=begin
+  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
+  def _symbolkey2str(keys)
+    h = {}
+    keys.each{|key,value| h[key.to_s] = value}
+    h
+  end
+  private :_symbolkey2str
+  module_function :_symbolkey2str
+=end
+
+=begin
+  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
+  # def hash_kv(keys, enc_mode = nil, conf = [], flat = false)
+  def hash_kv(keys, enc_mode = nil, conf = nil)
+    # Hash {key=>val, key=>val, ... } or Array [ [key, val], [key, val], ... ]
+    #     ==> Array ['-key', val, '-key', val, ... ]
+    dst = []
+    if keys and keys != None
+      keys.each{|k, v|
+	#dst.push("-#{k}")
+	dst.push('-' + k.to_s)
+	if v != None
+	  # v = _get_eval_string(v, enc_mode) if (enc_mode || flat)
+	  v = _get_eval_string(v, enc_mode) if enc_mode
+	  dst.push(v)
+	end
+      }
+    end
+    if conf
+      conf + dst
+    else
+      dst
+    end
+  end
+  private :hash_kv
+  module_function :hash_kv
+=end
+
+=begin
+  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
   def bool(val)
     case val
     when "1", 1, 'yes', 'true'
@@ -222,6 +392,7 @@ module TkComm
       false
     end
   end
+
   def number(val)
     case val
     when /^-?\d+$/
@@ -229,19 +400,27 @@ module TkComm
     when /^-?\d+\.?\d*(e[-+]?\d+)?$/
       val.to_f
     else
-      fail(ArgumentError, 
-	   Kernel.format('invalid value for Number:"%s"', val.to_s))
+      fail(ArgumentError, "invalid value for Number:'#{val}'")
     end
   end
   def string(val)
     if val == "{}"
       ''
-    elsif val[0] == ?{
+    elsif val[0] == ?{ && val[-1] == ?}
       val[1..-2]
     else
       val
     end
   end
+  def num_or_str(val)
+    begin
+      number(val)
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      string(val)
+    end
+  end
+=end
+
   def list(val)
     tk_split_list(val)
   end
@@ -257,6 +436,13 @@ module TkComm
       nil
     end
   end
+  def image_obj(val)
+    if val =~ /^i\d+$/
+      TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val] : val
+    else
+      val
+    end
+  end
   def procedure(val)
     if val =~ /^rb_out (c\d+)/
       #Tk_CMDTBL[$1]
@@ -268,19 +454,34 @@ module TkComm
     end
   end
   private :bool, :number, :string, :list, :simplelist, :window, :procedure
-  module_function :bool, :number, :string, :list, :simplelist
-  module_function :window, :procedure
+  module_function :bool, :number, :num_or_str, :string, :list, :simplelist
+  module_function :window, :image_obj, :procedure
 
-  def _get_eval_string(str)
+  def _toUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
+    TkCore::INTERP._toUTF8(str, encoding)
+  end
+  def _fromUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
+    TkCore::INTERP._fromUTF8(str, encoding)
+  end
+  private :_toUTF8, :_fromUTF8
+  module_function :_toUTF8, :_fromUTF8
+
+=begin
+  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
+  def _get_eval_string(str, enc_mode = nil)
     return nil if str == None
-    if str.kind_of?(String)
-      # do nothing
+    if str.kind_of?(TkObject)
+      str = str.path
+    elsif str.kind_of?(String)
+      str = _toUTF8(str) if enc_mode
     elsif str.kind_of?(Symbol)
       str = str.id2name
+      str = _toUTF8(str) if enc_mode
     elsif str.kind_of?(Hash)
-      str = hash_kv(str).join(" ")
+      str = hash_kv(str, enc_mode).join(" ")
     elsif str.kind_of?(Array)
       str = array2tk_list(str)
+      str = _toUTF8(str) if enc_mode
     elsif str.kind_of?(Proc)
       str = install_cmd(str)
     elsif str == nil
@@ -291,28 +492,102 @@ module TkComm
       str = "1"
     elsif (str.respond_to?(:to_eval))
       str = str.to_eval()
+      str = _toUTF8(str) if enc_mode
     else
       str = str.to_s() || ''
       unless str.kind_of? String
 	fail RuntimeError, "fail to convert the object to a string" 
       end
-      str
+      str = _toUTF8(str) if enc_mode
     end
     return str
   end
+=end
+=begin
+  def _get_eval_string(obj, enc_mode = nil)
+    case obj
+    when Numeric
+      obj.to_s
+    when String
+      (enc_mode)? _toUTF8(obj): obj
+    when Symbol
+      (enc_mode)? _toUTF8(obj.id2name): obj.id2name
+    when TkObject
+      obj.path
+    when Hash
+      hash_kv(obj, enc_mode).join(' ')
+    when Array
+      (enc_mode)? _toUTF8(array2tk_list(obj)): array2tk_list(obj)
+    when Proc, Method, TkCallbackEntry
+      install_cmd(obj)
+    when false
+      '0'
+    when true
+      '1'
+    when nil
+      ''
+    when None
+      nil
+    else
+      if (obj.respond_to?(:to_eval))
+	(enc_mode)? _toUTF8(obj.to_eval): obj.to_eval
+      else
+	begin
+	  obj = obj.to_s || ''
+	rescue
+	  fail RuntimeError, "fail to convert object '#{obj}' to string" 
+	end
+	(enc_mode)? _toUTF8(obj): obj
+      end
+    end
+  end
   private :_get_eval_string
   module_function :_get_eval_string
+=end
+
+=begin
+  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
+  def _get_eval_enc_str(obj)
+    return obj if obj == None
+    _get_eval_string(obj, true)
+  end
+  private :_get_eval_enc_str
+  module_function :_get_eval_enc_str
+=end
 
-  def ruby2tcl(v)
+=begin
+  ### --> obsolete
+  def ruby2tcl(v, enc_mode = nil)
     if v.kind_of?(Hash)
       v = hash_kv(v)
       v.flatten!
-      v.collect{|e|ruby2tcl(e)}
+      v.collect{|e|ruby2tcl(e, enc_mode)}
     else
-      _get_eval_string(v)
+      _get_eval_string(v, enc_mode)
     end
   end
   private :ruby2tcl
+=end
+
+=begin
+  ### --> definition is moved to TkUtil module
+  def _conv_args(args, enc_mode, *src_args)
+    conv_args = []
+    src_args.each{|arg|
+      conv_args << _get_eval_string(arg, enc_mode) unless arg == None
+      # if arg.kind_of?(Hash)
+      # arg.each{|k, v|
+      #   args << '-' + k.to_s
+      #   args << _get_eval_string(v, enc_mode)
+      # }
+      # elsif arg != None
+      #   args << _get_eval_string(arg, enc_mode)
+      # end
+    }
+    args + conv_args
+  end
+  private :_conv_args
+=end
 
   def _curr_cmd_id
     #id = format("c%.4d", Tk_IDs[0])
@@ -331,20 +606,26 @@ module TkComm
     return '' if cmd == ''
     id = _next_cmd_id
     #Tk_CMDTBL[id] = cmd
-    TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[id] = TkCore::INTERP.get_cb_entry(cmd)
+    if cmd.kind_of?(TkCallbackEntry)
+      TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[id] = cmd
+    else
+      TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[id] = TkCore::INTERP.get_cb_entry(cmd)
+    end
     @cmdtbl = [] unless defined? @cmdtbl
     @cmdtbl.taint unless @cmdtbl.tainted?
     @cmdtbl.push id
-    return Kernel.format("rb_out %s", id);
+    #return Kernel.format("rb_out %s", id);
+    return 'rb_out ' + id
   end
   def uninstall_cmd(id)
     id = $1 if /rb_out (c\d+)/ =~ id
     #Tk_CMDTBL.delete(id)
     TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl.delete(id)
   end
-  private :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
-  module_function :install_cmd
+  # private :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
+  module_function :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
 
+=begin
   def install_win(ppath,name=nil)
     if !name or name == ''
       #name = format("w%.4d", Tk_IDs[1])
@@ -362,6 +643,29 @@ module TkComm
     #Tk_WINDOWS[@path] = self
     TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[@path] = self
   end
+=end
+  def install_win(ppath,name=nil)
+    if name
+      if name == ''
+	raise ArgumentError, "invalid wiget-name '#{name}'"
+      end
+      if name[0] == ?.
+	@path = '' + name
+	@path.freeze
+	return TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[@path] = self
+      end
+    else
+      name = "w" + Tk_IDs[1]
+      Tk_IDs[1].succ!
+    end
+    if !ppath or ppath == '.'
+      @path = '.' + name
+    else
+      @path = ppath + '.' + name
+    end
+    @path.freeze
+    TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[@path] = self
+  end
 
   def uninstall_win()
     #Tk_WINDOWS.delete(@path)
@@ -369,163 +673,22 @@ module TkComm
   end
   private :install_win, :uninstall_win
 
-  class Event
-    module TypeNum
-      KeyPress         =  2
-      KeyRelease       =  3
-      ButtonPress      =  4
-      ButtonRelease    =  5
-      MotionNotify     =  6
-      EnterNotify      =  7
-      LeaveNotify      =  8
-      FocusIn          =  9
-      FocusOut         = 10
-      KeymapNotify     = 11
-      Expose           = 12
-      GraphicsExpose   = 13
-      NoExpose         = 14
-      VisibilityNotify = 15
-      CreateNotify     = 16
-      DestroyNotify    = 17
-      UnmapNotify      = 18
-      MapNotify	       = 19
-      MapRequest       = 20
-      ReparentNotify   = 21
-      ConfigureNotify  = 22
-      ConfigureRequest = 23
-      GravityNotify    = 24
-      ResizeRequest    = 25
-      CirculateNotify  = 26
-      CirculateRequest = 27
-      PropertyNotify   = 28
-      SelectionClear   = 29
-      SelectionRequest = 30
-      SelectionNotify  = 31
-      ColormapNotify   = 32
-      ClientMessage    = 33
-      MappingNotify    = 34
-    end
-
-    EV_KEY  = '#abcdfhikmopstwxyABDEKNRSTWXY'
-    EV_TYPE = 'nsnnsbnsnsbsxnnnnsnnbsnssnwnn'
-
-    def self.scan_args(arg_str, arg_val)
-      arg_cnv = []
-      arg_str.strip.split(/\s+/).each_with_index{|kwd,idx|
-	if kwd =~ /^%(.)$/
-	  if num = EV_KEY.index($1)
-	    case EV_TYPE[num]
-	    when ?n
-	      begin
-		val = TkComm::number(arg_val[idx])
-	      rescue ArgumentError
-		# ignore --> no convert
-		val = TkComm::string(arg_val[idx])
-	      end
-	      arg_cnv << val
-	    when ?s
-	      arg_cnv << TkComm::string(arg_val[idx])
-	    when ?b
-	      arg_cnv << TkComm::bool(arg_val[idx])
-	    when ?w
-	      arg_cnv << TkComm::window(arg_val[idx])
-	    when ?x
-	      begin
-		arg_cnv << TkComm::number(arg_val[idx])
-	      rescue ArgumentError
-		arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	      end
-	    else
-	      arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	    end
-	  else
-	    arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	  end
-	else
-	  arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	end
-      }
-      arg_cnv
-    end
-
-    def initialize(seq,a,b,c,d,f,h,i,k,m,o,p,s,t,w,x,y,
-	           aa,bb,dd,ee,kk,nn,rr,ss,tt,ww,xx,yy)
-      @serial = seq
-      @above = a
-      @num = b
-      @count = c
-      @detail = d
-      @focus = f
-      @height = h
-      @win_hex = i
-      @keycode = k
-      @mode = m
-      @override = o
-      @place = p
-      @state = s
-      @time = t
-      @width = w
-      @x = x
-      @y = y
-      @char = aa
-      @borderwidth = bb
-      @wheel_delta = dd
-      @send_event = ee
-      @keysym = kk
-      @keysym_num = nn
-      @rootwin_id = rr
-      @subwindow = ss
-      @type = tt
-      @widget = ww
-      @x_root = xx
-      @y_root = yy
-    end
-    attr :serial
-    attr :above
-    attr :num
-    attr :count
-    attr :detail
-    attr :focus
-    attr :height
-    attr :win_hex
-    attr :keycode
-    attr :mode
-    attr :override
-    attr :place
-    attr :state
-    attr :time
-    attr :width
-    attr :x
-    attr :y
-    attr :char
-    attr :borderwidth
-    attr :wheel_delta
-    attr :send_event
-    attr :keysym
-    attr :keysym_num
-    attr :rootwin_id
-    attr :subwindow
-    attr :type
-    attr :widget
-    attr :x_root
-    attr :y_root
-  end
-
-  def install_bind(cmd, args=nil)
-    if args
-      id = install_cmd(proc{|*arg|
-	TkUtil.eval_cmd(cmd, *Event.scan_args(args, arg))
-      })
-      id + " " + args
+  def _epath(win)
+    if win.kind_of?(TkObject)
+      win.epath
+    elsif win.respond_to?(:epath)
+      win.epath
     else
-      args = ' %# %a %b %c %d %f %h %i %k %m %o %p %s %t %w %x %y' + 
-             ' %A %B %D %E %K %N %R %S %T %W %X %Y'
-      id = install_cmd(proc{|*arg|
-	TkUtil.eval_cmd(cmd, Event.new(*Event.scan_args(args, arg)))
-      })
-      id + args
+      win
     end
   end
+  private :_epath
+end
+
+# define TkComm module (step 2: event binding)
+module TkComm
+  include TkEvent
+  extend TkEvent
 
   def tk_event_sequence(context)
     if context.kind_of? TkVirtualEvent
@@ -550,7 +713,8 @@ module TkComm
   def _bind_core(mode, what, context, cmd, args=nil)
     id = install_bind(cmd, args) if cmd
     begin
-      tk_call(*(what + ["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", mode + id]))
+      tk_call_without_enc(*(what + ["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", 
+			      mode + id]))
     rescue
       uninstall_cmd(id) if cmd
       fail
@@ -566,12 +730,12 @@ module TkComm
   end
 
   def _bind_remove(what, context)
-    tk_call(*(what + ["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", '']))
+    tk_call_without_enc(*(what + ["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", '']))
   end
 
   def _bindinfo(what, context=nil)
     if context
-      tk_call(*what+["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>"]).collect {|cmdline|
+      tk_call_without_enc(*what+["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>"]) .collect {|cmdline|
 	if cmdline =~ /^rb_out (c\d+)\s+(.*)$/
 	  #[Tk_CMDTBL[$1], $2]
 	  [TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[$1], $2]
@@ -580,7 +744,7 @@ module TkComm
 	end
       }
     else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(*what)).collect!{|seq|
+      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call_without_enc(*what)).collect!{|seq|
 	l = seq.scan(/<*[^<>]+>*/).collect!{|subseq|
 	  case (subseq)
 	  when /^<<[^<>]+>>$/
@@ -635,25 +799,9 @@ module TkComm
   def bindinfo_all(context=nil)
     _bindinfo(['bind', 'all'], context)
   end
-
-  def pack(*args)
-    TkPack.configure(*args)
-  end
-
-  def grid(*args)
-    TkGrid.configure(*args)
-  end
-
-  def update(idle=nil)
-    if idle
-      tk_call 'update', 'idletasks'
-    else
-      tk_call 'update'
-    end
-  end
-
 end
 
+
 module TkCore
   include TkComm
   extend TkComm
@@ -662,7 +810,8 @@ module TkCore
     if self.const_defined? :IP_NAME
       name = IP_NAME.to_s
     else
-      name = nil
+      #name = nil
+      name = $0
     end
     if self.const_defined? :IP_OPTS
       if IP_OPTS.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -689,7 +838,14 @@ module TkCore
       @init_ip_env  = [].taint  # table of Procs
       @add_tk_procs = [].taint  # table of [name, args, body]
 
-      @cb_entry_class = Class.new{|c|
+      @cb_entry_class = Class.new(TkCallbackEntry){|c|
+	class << c
+	  def inspect
+	    sprintf("#<Class(TkCallbackEntry):%0x>", self.__id__)
+	  end
+	  alias to_s inspect
+	end
+
 	def initialize(ip, cmd)
 	  @ip = ip
 	  @cmd = cmd
@@ -698,9 +854,16 @@ module TkCore
 	def call(*args)
 	  @ip.cb_eval(@cmd, *args)
 	end
-      }
+	def inspect
+	  sprintf("#<cb_entry:%0x>", self.__id__)
+	end
+	alias to_s inspect
+      }.freeze
     }
 
+    def INTERP.cb_entry_class
+      @cb_entry_class
+    end
     def INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl
       @tk_cmd_tbl
     end
@@ -708,6 +871,15 @@ module TkCore
       @tk_windows
     end
 
+    class Tk_OBJECT_TABLE
+      def initialize(id)
+	@id = id
+      end
+      def method_missing(m, *args, &b)
+	TkCore::INTERP.tk_object_table(@id).send(m, *args, &b)
+      end
+    end
+
     def INTERP.tk_object_table(id)
       @tk_table_list[id]
     end
@@ -715,20 +887,21 @@ module TkCore
       id = @tk_table_list.size
       (tbl = {}).tainted? || tbl.taint
       @tk_table_list << tbl
-      obj = Object.new
-      obj.instance_eval <<-EOD
-        def self.method_missing(m, *args)
-	  TkCore::INTERP.tk_object_table(#{id}).send(m, *args)
-        end
-      EOD
-      return obj
+#      obj = Object.new
+#      obj.instance_eval <<-EOD
+#        def self.method_missing(m, *args)
+#	  TkCore::INTERP.tk_object_table(#{id}).send(m, *args)
+#        end
+#      EOD
+#      return obj
+      Tk_OBJECT_TABLE.new(id)
     end
 
     def INTERP.get_cb_entry(cmd)
       @cb_entry_class.new(__getip, cmd).freeze
     end
     def INTERP.cb_eval(cmd, *args)
-      TkComm._get_eval_string(TkUtil.eval_cmd(cmd, *args))
+      TkUtil._get_eval_string(TkUtil.eval_cmd(cmd, *args))
     end
 
     def INTERP.init_ip_env(script = Proc.new)
@@ -746,15 +919,64 @@ module TkCore
     end
   end
 
+  WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK = '<WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK>'
+  INTERP._invoke_without_enc('event', 'add', 
+			     "<#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}>", 'Destroy')
+  INTERP._invoke_without_enc('bind', 'all', "<#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}>",
+			     install_bind(proc{|xpath|
+				path = xpath[1..-1]
+				unless TkCore::INTERP.deleted?
+				  if (widget = TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[path])
+				    if widget.respond_to?(:__destroy_hook__)
+				      begin
+					widget.__destroy_hook__
+				      rescue Exception
+				      end
+				    end
+				  end
+				end
+			     }, 'x%W'))
+  INTERP.add_tk_procs(TclTkLib::FINALIZE_PROC_NAME, '', 
+		      "bind all <#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}> {}")
+
+  INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_out', 'args', <<-'EOL')
+    if {[set st [catch {eval {ruby_cmd TkCore callback} $args} ret]] != 0} {
+       #return -code $st $ret
+       set idx [string first "\n\n" $ret]
+       if {$idx > 0} {
+          return -code $st \
+                 -errorinfo [string range $ret [expr $idx + 2] \
+                                               [string length $ret]] \
+                 [string range $ret 0 [expr $idx - 1]]
+       } else {
+          return -code $st $ret
+       }
+    } else {
+	return $ret
+    }
+  EOL
+=begin
   INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_out', 'args', <<-'EOL')
-    regsub -all {!} $args {\\!} args
-    regsub -all "{" $args "\\{" args
+    #regsub -all {\\} $args {\\\\} args
+    #regsub -all {!} $args {\\!} args
+    #regsub -all "{" $args "\\{" args
+    regsub -all {(\\|!|\{|\})} $args {\\\1} args
     if {[set st [catch {ruby [format "TkCore.callback %%Q!%s!" $args]} ret]] != 0} {
-	return -code $st $ret
-    } {
+       #return -code $st $ret
+       set idx [string first "\n\n" $ret]
+       if {$idx > 0} {
+          return -code $st \
+                 -errorinfo [string range $ret [expr $idx + 2] \
+                                               [string length $ret]] \
+                 [string range $ret 0 [expr $idx - 1]]
+       } else {
+          return -code $st $ret
+       }
+    } else {
 	return $ret
     }
   EOL
+=end
 
   EventFlag = TclTkLib::EventFlag
 
@@ -766,31 +988,64 @@ module TkCore
     fail TkCallbackContinue, "Tk callback returns 'continue' status"
   end
 
-  def TkCore.callback(arg)
-    # arg = tk_split_list(arg)
-    arg = tk_split_simplelist(arg)
-    #_get_eval_string(TkUtil.eval_cmd(Tk_CMDTBL[arg.shift], *arg))
-    #_get_eval_string(TkUtil.eval_cmd(TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift], 
-    #  			     *arg))
-    cb_obj = TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift]
-    unless $DEBUG
-      cb_obj.call(*arg)
-    else
-      begin
-	raise 'check backtrace'
-      rescue
-	# ignore backtrace before 'callback'
-	pos = -($!.backtrace.size)
-      end
+  def TkCore.callback(*arg)
+    begin
+      TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift].call(*arg)
+    rescue Exception => e
       begin
-	cb_obj.call(*arg)
-      rescue
-	trace = $!.backtrace
-	raise $!, "\n#{trace[0]}: #{$!.message} (#{$!.class})\n" + 
-	          "\tfrom #{trace[1..pos].join("\n\tfrom ")}"
+	msg = _toUTF8(e.class.inspect) + ': ' + 
+	      _toUTF8(e.message) + "\n" + 
+	      "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
+	      _toUTF8(e.backtrace.join("\n")) + 
+	      "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
+	msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
+      rescue Exception
+	msg = e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" + 
+	      "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
+	      e.backtrace.join("\n") + 
+	      "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
       end
+      fail(e, msg)
     end
   end
+=begin
+  def TkCore.callback(arg_str)
+    # arg = tk_split_list(arg_str)
+    arg = tk_split_simplelist(arg_str)
+    #_get_eval_string(TkUtil.eval_cmd(Tk_CMDTBL[arg.shift], *arg))
+    #_get_eval_string(TkUtil.eval_cmd(TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift], 
+    #  			     *arg))
+    # TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift].call(*arg)
+    begin
+      TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift].call(*arg)
+    rescue Exception => e
+      raise(e, e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" + 
+               "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
+               e.backtrace.join("\n") + 
+               "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------")
+    end
+#=begin
+#    cb_obj = TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl[arg.shift]
+#    unless $DEBUG
+#      cb_obj.call(*arg)
+#    else
+#      begin
+#	raise 'check backtrace'
+#      rescue
+#	# ignore backtrace before 'callback'
+#	pos = -($!.backtrace.size)
+#      end
+#      begin
+#	cb_obj.call(*arg)
+#      rescue
+#	trace = $!.backtrace
+#	raise $!, "\n#{trace[0]}: #{$!.message} (#{$!.class})\n" + 
+#	          "\tfrom #{trace[1..pos].join("\n\tfrom ")}"
+#      end
+#    end
+#=end
+  end
+=end
 
   def load_cmd_on_ip(tk_cmd)
     bool(tk_call('auto_load', tk_cmd))
@@ -799,7 +1054,7 @@ module TkCore
   def after(ms, cmd=Proc.new)
     myid = _curr_cmd_id
     cmdid = install_cmd(cmd)
-    tk_call("after",ms,cmdid)
+    tk_call_without_enc("after",ms,cmdid)  # return id
 #    return
 #    if false #defined? Thread
 #      Thread.start do
@@ -817,69 +1072,25 @@ module TkCore
   def after_idle(cmd=Proc.new)
     myid = _curr_cmd_id
     cmdid = install_cmd(cmd)
-    tk_call('after','idle',cmdid)
-  end
-
-  def clock_clicks(ms=nil)
-    if ms
-      tk_call('clock','clicks','-milliseconds').to_i
-    else
-      tk_call('clock','clicks').to_i
-    end
-  end
-
-  def clock_format(clk, form=nil)
-    if form
-      tk_call('clock','format',clk,'-format',form).to_i
-    else
-      tk_call('clock','format',clk).to_i
-    end
-  end
-
-  def clock_formatGMT(clk, form=nil)
-    if form
-      tk_call('clock','format',clk,'-format',form,'-gmt','1').to_i
-    else
-      tk_call('clock','format',clk,'-gmt','1').to_i
-    end
-  end
-
-  def clock_scan(str, base=nil)
-    if base
-      tk_call('clock','scan',str,'-base',base).to_i
-    else
-      tk_call('clock','scan',str).to_i
-    end
-  end
-
-  def clock_scanGMT(str, base=nil)
-    if base
-      tk_call('clock','scan',str,'-base',base,'-gmt','1').to_i
-    else
-      tk_call('clock','scan',str,'-gmt','1').to_i
-    end
-  end
-
-  def clock_seconds
-    tk_call('clock','seconds').to_i
+    tk_call_without_enc('after','idle',cmdid)
   end
 
   def windowingsystem
-    tk_call('tk', 'windowingsystem')
+    tk_call_without_enc('tk', 'windowingsystem')
   end
 
   def scaling(scale=nil)
     if scale
-      tk_call('tk', 'scaling', scale)
+      tk_call_without_enc('tk', 'scaling', scale)
     else
-      Float(number(tk_call('tk', 'scaling')))
+      Float(number(tk_call_without_enc('tk', 'scaling')))
     end
   end
   def scaling_displayof(win, scale=nil)
     if scale
-      tk_call('tk', 'scaling', '-displayof', win, scale)
+      tk_call_without_enc('tk', 'scaling', '-displayof', win, scale)
     else
-      Float(number(tk_call('tk', '-displayof', win, 'scaling')))
+      Float(number(tk_call_without_enc('tk', '-displayof', win, 'scaling')))
     end
   end
 
@@ -896,7 +1107,8 @@ module TkCore
   end
 
   def rb_appsend(interp, async, *args)
-    args = args.collect!{|c| _get_eval_string(c).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&')}
+    #args = args.collect!{|c| _get_eval_string(c).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&')}
+    args = args.collect!{|c| _get_eval_string(c).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&')}
     args.push(').to_s"')
     appsend(interp, async, 'ruby "(', *args)
   end
@@ -911,7 +1123,8 @@ module TkCore
   end
 
   def rb_appsend_displayof(interp, win, async, *args)
-    args = args.collect!{|c| _get_eval_string(c).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&')}
+    #args = args.collect!{|c| _get_eval_string(c).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&')}
+    args = args.collect!{|c| _get_eval_string(c).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&')}
     args.push(').to_s"')
     appsend_displayof(interp, win, async, 'ruby "(', *args)
   end
@@ -971,147 +1184,154 @@ module TkCore
   end
 
   def event_generate(window, context, keys=nil)
-    window = window.path if window.kind_of? TkObject
+    #window = window.path if window.kind_of?(TkObject)
     if keys
-      tk_call('event', 'generate', window, 
-	      "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", *hash_kv(keys))
+      tk_call_without_enc('event', 'generate', window, 
+			  "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", 
+			  *hash_kv(keys, true))
     else
-      tk_call('event', 'generate', window, "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>")
+      tk_call_without_enc('event', 'generate', window, 
+			  "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>")
     end
+    nil
   end
 
   def messageBox(keys)
-    tk_call 'tk_messageBox', *hash_kv(keys)
+    tk_call('tk_messageBox', *hash_kv(keys))
   end
 
   def getOpenFile(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'tk_getOpenFile', *hash_kv(keys)
+    tk_call('tk_getOpenFile', *hash_kv(keys))
   end
 
   def getSaveFile(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'tk_getSaveFile', *hash_kv(keys)
+    tk_call('tk_getSaveFile', *hash_kv(keys))
   end
 
   def chooseColor(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'tk_chooseColor', *hash_kv(keys)
+    tk_call('tk_chooseColor', *hash_kv(keys))
   end
 
   def chooseDirectory(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'tk_chooseDirectory', *hash_kv(keys)
+    tk_call('tk_chooseDirectory', *hash_kv(keys))
   end
 
-  def ip_eval(cmd_string)
-    res = INTERP._eval(cmd_string)
+  def _ip_eval_core(enc_mode, cmd_string)
+    case enc_mode
+    when nil
+      res = INTERP._eval(cmd_string)
+    when false
+      res = INTERP._eval_without_enc(cmd_string)
+    when true
+      res = INTERP._eval_with_enc(cmd_string)
+    end
     if  INTERP._return_value() != 0
       fail RuntimeError, res, error_at
     end
     return res
   end
+  private :_ip_eval_core
 
-  def ip_invoke(*args)
-    res = INTERP._invoke(*args)
+  def ip_eval(cmd_string)
+    _ip_eval_core(nil, cmd_string)
+  end
+
+  def ip_eval_without_enc(cmd_string)
+    _ip_eval_core(false, cmd_string)
+  end
+
+  def ip_eval_with_enc(cmd_string)
+    _ip_eval_core(true, cmd_string)
+  end
+
+  def _ip_invoke_core(enc_mode, *args)
+    case enc_mode
+    when false
+      res = INTERP._invoke_without_enc(*args)
+    when nil
+      res = INTERP._invoke(*args)
+    when true
+      res = INTERP._invoke_with_enc(*args)
+    end
     if  INTERP._return_value() != 0
       fail RuntimeError, res, error_at
     end
     return res
   end
+  private :_ip_invoke_core
 
-  def tk_call(*args)
-    puts args.inspect if $DEBUG
-    args.collect! {|x|ruby2tcl(x)}
-    args.compact!
-    args.flatten!
-    print "=> ", args.join(" ").inspect, "\n" if $DEBUG
+  def ip_invoke(*args)
+    _ip_invoke_core(nil, *args)
+  end
+
+  def ip_invoke_without_enc(*args)
+    _ip_invoke_core(false, *args)
+  end
+
+  def ip_invoke_with_enc(*args)
+    _ip_invoke_core(true, *args)
+  end
+
+  def _tk_call_core(enc_mode, *args)
+    ### puts args.inspect if $DEBUG
+    #args.collect! {|x|ruby2tcl(x, enc_mode)}
+    #args.compact!
+    #args.flatten!
+    args = _conv_args([], enc_mode, *args)
+    puts 'invoke args => ' + args.inspect if $DEBUG
+    ### print "=> ", args.join(" ").inspect, "\n" if $DEBUG
     begin
       # res = INTERP._invoke(*args).taint
-      res = INTERP._invoke(*args)   # _invoke returns a TAINTED string
+      # res = INTERP._invoke(enc_mode, *args)
+      res = _ip_invoke_core(enc_mode, *args)
+      # >>>>>  _invoke returns a TAINTED string  <<<<<
     rescue NameError => err
-#      err = $!
+      # err = $!
       begin
         args.unshift "unknown"
         #res = INTERP._invoke(*args).taint 
-        res = INTERP._invoke(*args)   # _invoke returns a TAINTED string
+        #res = INTERP._invoke(enc_mode, *args) 
+        res = _ip_invoke_core(enc_mode, *args) 
+	# >>>>>  _invoke returns a TAINTED string  <<<<<
       rescue StandardError => err2
-	fail err2 unless /^invalid command/ =~ err2
+	fail err2 unless /^invalid command/ =~ err2.message
 	fail err
       end
     end
     if  INTERP._return_value() != 0
       fail RuntimeError, res, error_at
     end
-    print "==> ", res.inspect, "\n" if $DEBUG
+    ### print "==> ", res.inspect, "\n" if $DEBUG
     return res
   end
-end
-
-module TkPackage
-  include TkCore
-  extend TkPackage
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['package'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def add_path(path)
-    Tk::AUTO_PATH.value = Tk::AUTO_PATH.to_a << path
-  end
+  private :_tk_call_core
 
-  def forget(package)
-    tk_call('package', 'forget', package)
-    nil
-  end
-
-  def names
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('package', 'names'))
-  end
-
-  def provide(package, version=nil)
-    if version
-      tk_call('package', 'provide', package, version)
-      nil
-    else
-      tk_call('package', 'provide', package)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def present(package, version=None)
-    tk_call('package', 'present', package, version)
-  end
-
-  def present_exact(package, version)
-    tk_call('package', 'present', '-exact', package, version)
-  end
-
-  def require(package, version=None)
-    tk_call('package', 'require', package, version)
-  end
-
-  def require_exact(package, version)
-    tk_call('package', 'require', '-exact', package, version)
-  end
-
-  def versions(package)
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('package', 'versions', package))
+  def tk_call(*args)
+    _tk_call_core(nil, *args)
   end
 
-  def vcompare(version1, version2)
-    Integer(tk_call('package', 'vcompare', version1, version2))
+  def tk_call_without_enc(*args)
+    _tk_call_core(false, *args)
   end
 
-  def vsatisfies(version1, version2)
-    bool(tk_call('package', 'vsatisfies', version1, version2))
+  def tk_call_with_enc(*args)
+    _tk_call_core(true, *args)
   end
 end
 
+
 module Tk
   include TkCore
   extend Tk
 
-  TCL_VERSION = INTERP._invoke("info", "tclversion").freeze
-  TCL_PATCHLEVEL = INTERP._invoke("info", "patchlevel").freeze
+  TCL_VERSION = INTERP._invoke_without_enc("info", "tclversion").freeze
+  TCL_PATCHLEVEL = INTERP._invoke_without_enc("info", "patchlevel").freeze
 
-  TK_VERSION  = INTERP._invoke("set", "tk_version").freeze
-  TK_PATCHLEVEL  = INTERP._invoke("set", "tk_patchLevel").freeze
+  TK_VERSION  = INTERP._invoke_without_enc("set", "tk_version").freeze
+  TK_PATCHLEVEL  = INTERP._invoke_without_enc("set", "tk_patchLevel").freeze
 
-  JAPANIZED_TK = (INTERP._invoke("info", "commands", "kanji") != "").freeze
+  JAPANIZED_TK = (INTERP._invoke_without_enc("info", "commands", 
+					     "kanji") != "").freeze
 
   def Tk.const_missing(sym)
     case(sym)
@@ -1131,8 +1351,11 @@ module Tk
     #  tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke('set', 'tcl_libPath'))
 
     when :PLATFORM, :TCL_PLATFORM
-      Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke('array', 'get', 
-					       'tcl_platform'))]
+      if $SAFE >= 4
+	fail SecurityError, "can't get #{sym} when $SAFE >= 4"
+      end
+      Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'get', 
+							   'tcl_platform'))]
 
     when :ENV
       Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke('array', 'get', 'env'))]
@@ -1148,7 +1371,7 @@ module Tk
 
     when :PRIV, :PRIVATE, :TK_PRIV
       priv = {}
-      if INTERP._invoke('info', 'vars', 'tk::Priv') != ""
+      if INTERP._invoke_without_enc('info', 'vars', 'tk::Priv') != ""
 	var_nam = 'tk::Priv'
       else
 	var_nam = 'tkPriv'
@@ -1176,44 +1399,116 @@ module Tk
     TkRoot.new
   end
 
+  def Tk.load_tclscript(file, enc=nil)
+    if enc
+      # TCL_VERSION >= 8.5
+      tk_call('source', '-encoding', enc, file)
+    else
+      tk_call('source', file)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def Tk.load_tcllibrary(file, pkg_name=None, interp=None)
+    tk_call('load', file, pkg_name, interp)
+  end
+
+  def Tk.unload_tcllibrary(*args)
+    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
+      keys = _symbolkey2str(args.pop)
+      nocomp = (keys['nocomplain'])? '-nocomplain': None
+      keeplib = (keys['keeplibrary'])? '-keeplibrary': None
+      tk_call('unload', nocomp, keeplib, '--', *args)
+    else
+      tk_call('unload', *args)
+    end
+  end
+
   def Tk.bell(nice = false)
     if nice
-      tk_call 'bell', '-nice'
+      tk_call_without_enc('bell', '-nice')
     else
-      tk_call 'bell'
+      tk_call_without_enc('bell')
     end
+    nil
   end
 
   def Tk.bell_on_display(win, nice = false)
     if nice
-      tk_call('bell', '-displayof', win, '-nice')
+      tk_call_without_enc('bell', '-displayof', win, '-nice')
     else
-      tk_call('bell', '-displayof', win)
+      tk_call_without_enc('bell', '-displayof', win)
     end
+    nil
   end
 
   def Tk.destroy(*wins)
-    tk_call('destroy', *wins)
+    tk_call_without_enc('destroy', *wins)
   end
 
   def Tk.exit
-    tk_call('destroy', '.')
+    tk_call_without_enc('destroy', '.')
+  end
+
+  def Tk.pack(*args)
+    #TkPack.configure(*args)
+    TkPack(*args)
+  end
+
+  def Tk.grid(*args)
+    TkGrid.configure(*args)
+  end
+
+  def Tk.update(idle=nil)
+    if idle
+      tk_call_without_enc('update', 'idletasks')
+    else
+      tk_call_without_enc('update')
+    end
+  end
+  def Tk.update_idletasks
+    update(true)
+  end
+
+=begin
+  #  See tcltklib.c for the reason of why the following methods are disabled. 
+  def Tk.thread_update(idle=nil)
+    if idle
+      tk_call_without_enc('thread_update', 'idletasks')
+    else
+      tk_call_without_enc('thread_update')
+    end
+  end
+  def Tk.thread_update_idletasks
+    thread_update(true)
   end
+=end
 
-  def Tk.current_grabs
-    tk_split_list(tk_call('grab', 'current'))
+  def Tk.current_grabs(win = nil)
+    if win
+      window(tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'current', win))
+    else
+      tk_split_list(tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'current'))
+    end
   end
 
   def Tk.focus(display=nil)
     if display == nil
-      window(tk_call('focus'))
+      window(tk_call_without_enc('focus'))
     else
-      window(tk_call('focus', '-displayof', display))
+      window(tk_call_without_enc('focus', '-displayof', display))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def Tk.focus_to(win, force=false)
+    if force
+      tk_call_without_enc('focus', '-force', win)
+    else
+      tk_call_without_enc('focus', win)
     end
   end
 
   def Tk.focus_lastfor(win)
-    window(tk_call('focus', '-lastfor', win))
+    window(tk_call_without_enc('focus', '-lastfor', win))
   end
 
   def Tk.focus_next(win)
@@ -1225,7 +1520,7 @@ module Tk
   end
 
   def Tk.strictMotif(bool=None)
-    bool(tk_call('set', 'tk_strictMotif', bool))
+    bool(tk_call_without_enc('set', 'tk_strictMotif', bool))
   end
 
   def Tk.show_kinsoku(mode='both')
@@ -1258,286 +1553,12 @@ module Tk
     end
   end
 
-  def Tk.toUTF8(str,encoding)
-    INTERP._toUTF8(str,encoding)
+  def Tk.toUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
+    _toUTF8(str, encoding)
   end
   
-  def Tk.fromUTF8(str,encoding)
-    INTERP._fromUTF8(str,encoding)
-  end
-
-  module Scrollable
-    def xscrollcommand(cmd=Proc.new)
-      configure_cmd 'xscrollcommand', cmd
-    end
-    def yscrollcommand(cmd=Proc.new)
-      configure_cmd 'yscrollcommand', cmd
-    end
-    def xview(*index)
-      v = tk_send('xview', *index)
-      list(v) if index.size == 0
-    end
-    def yview(*index)
-      v = tk_send('yview', *index)
-      list(v) if index.size == 0
-    end
-    def xscrollbar(bar=nil)
-      if bar
-	@xscrollbar = bar
-	@xscrollbar.orient 'horizontal'
-	self.xscrollcommand {|*arg| @xscrollbar.set(*arg)}
-	@xscrollbar.command {|*arg| self.xview(*arg)}
-      end
-      @xscrollbar
-    end
-    def yscrollbar(bar=nil)
-      if bar
-	@yscrollbar = bar
-	@yscrollbar.orient 'vertical'
-	self.yscrollcommand {|*arg| @yscrollbar.set(*arg)}
-	@yscrollbar.command {|*arg| self.yview(*arg)}
-      end
-      @yscrollbar
-    end
-  end
-
-  module Wm
-    include TkComm
-
-    TkCommandNames = ['wm'.freeze].freeze
-
-    def aspect(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'aspect', path, *args)
-      if args.length == 0
-	list(w) 
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def attributes(slot=nil,value=None)
-      if slot == nil
-	lst = tk_split_list(tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path))
-	info = {}
-	while key = lst.shift
-	  info[key[1..-1]] = lst.shift
-	end
-	info
-      elsif slot.kind_of? Hash
-	tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path, *hash_kv(slot))
-	self
-      elsif value == None
-	tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path, "-#{slot}")
-      else
-	tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path, "-#{slot}", value)
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def client(name=None)
-      if name == None
-	tk_call 'wm', 'client', path
-      else
-        name = '' if name == nil
-	tk_call 'wm', 'client', path, name
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def colormapwindows(*args)
-      r = tk_call('wm', 'colormapwindows', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	list(r)
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def wm_command(value=nil)
-      if value
-	tk_call('wm', 'command', path, value)
-	self
-      else
-	procedure(tk_call('wm', 'command', path))
-      end
-    end
-    def deiconify(ex = true)
-      tk_call('wm', 'deiconify', path) if ex
-      self
-    end
-    def focusmodel(mode = nil)
-      if mode
-	tk_call 'wm', 'focusmodel', path, mode
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call 'wm', 'focusmodel', path
-      end
-    end
-    def frame
-      tk_call('wm', 'frame', path)
-    end
-    def geometry(geom=nil)
-      if geom
-	tk_call('wm', 'geometry', path, geom)
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call('wm', 'geometry', path)
-      end
-    end
-    def grid(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'grid', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	list(w) 
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def group(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'group', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	window(w) 
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def iconbitmap(bmp=nil)
-      if bmp
-	tk_call 'wm', 'iconbitmap', path, bmp
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call 'wm', 'iconbitmap', path
-      end
-    end
-    def iconify(ex = true)
-      tk_call('wm', 'iconify', path) if ex
-      self
-    end
-    def iconmask(bmp=nil)
-      if bmp
-	tk_call 'wm', 'iconmask', path, bmp
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call 'wm', 'iconmask', path
-      end
-    end
-    def iconname(name=nil)
-      if name
-	tk_call 'wm', 'iconname', path, name
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call 'wm', 'iconname', path
-      end
-    end
-    def iconposition(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'iconposition', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	list(w) 
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def iconwindow(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'iconwindow', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	window(w)
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def maxsize(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'maxsize', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	list(w) 
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def minsize(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'minsize', path, *args)
-      if args.size == 0
-	list(w) 
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def overrideredirect(bool=None)
-      if bool == None
-	bool(tk_call('wm', 'overrideredirect', path))
-      else
-	tk_call 'wm', 'overrideredirect', path, bool
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def positionfrom(who=None)
-      if who == None
-	r = tk_call('wm', 'positionfrom', path)
-	(r == "")? nil: r
-      else
-	tk_call('wm', 'positionfrom', path, who)
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def protocol(name=nil, cmd=nil)
-      if cmd
-	tk_call('wm', 'protocol', path, name, cmd)
-	self
-      elsif name
-	result = tk_call('wm', 'protocol', path, name)
-	(result == "")? nil : tk_tcl2ruby(result)
-      else
-	tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('wm', 'protocol', path))
-      end
-    end
-    def resizable(*args)
-      w = tk_call('wm', 'resizable', path, *args)
-      if args.length == 0
-	list(w).collect{|e| bool(e)}
-      else
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def sizefrom(who=None)
-      if who == None
-	r = tk_call('wm', 'sizefrom', path)
-	(r == "")? nil: r
-      else
-	tk_call('wm', 'sizefrom', path, who)
-	self
-      end
-    end
-    def stackorder
-      list(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', path))
-    end
-    def stackorder_isabove(win)
-      bool(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', path, 'isabove', win))
-    end
-    def stackorder_isbelow(win)
-      bool(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', path, 'isbelow', win))
-    end
-    def state(state=nil)
-      if state
-	tk_call 'wm', 'state', path, state
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call 'wm', 'state', path
-      end
-    end
-    def title(str=nil)
-      if str
-	tk_call('wm', 'title', path, str)
-	self
-      else
-	tk_call('wm', 'title', path)
-      end
-    end
-    def transient(master=nil)
-      if master
-	tk_call('wm', 'transient', path, master)
-	self
-      else
-	window(tk_call('wm', 'transient', path, master))
-      end
-    end
-    def withdraw(ex = true)
-      tk_call('wm', 'withdraw', path) if ex
-      self
-    end
+  def Tk.fromUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
+    _fromUTF8(str, encoding)
   end
 end
 
@@ -1545,45 +1566,20 @@ end
 #  string with Tcl's encoding
 ###########################################
 module Tk
-  class EncodedString < String
-    @@enc_buf = '__rb_encoding_buffer__'
-
-    def self.tk_escape(str)
-      s = '"' + str.gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      TkCore::INTERP.__eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', 
-					  @@enc_buf, @@enc_buf, s))
-    end
-
-    def self.new(str, enc = Tk.encoding_system)
-      obj = super(self.tk_escape(str))
-      obj.instance_eval{@enc = enc}
-      obj
-    end
-
-    def self.new_without_escape(str, enc = Tk.encoding_system)
-      obj = super(str)
-      obj.instance_eval{@enc = enc}
-      obj
-    end
-
-    def encoding
-      @enc
-    end
+  def Tk.subst_utf_backslash(str)
+    Tk::EncodedString.subst_utf_backslash(str)
   end
-  def Tk.EncodedString(str, enc = Tk.encoding_system)
-    Tk::EncodedString.new(str, enc)
+  def Tk.subst_tk_backslash(str)
+    Tk::EncodedString.subst_tk_backslash(str)
   end
-
-  class UTF8_String < EncodedString
-    def self.new(str)
-      super(str, 'utf-8')
-    end
-    def self.new_without_escape(str)
-      super(str, 'utf-8')
-    end
+  def Tk.utf_to_backslash_sequence(str)
+    Tk::EncodedString.utf_to_backslash_sequence(str)
   end
-  def Tk.UTF8_String(str)
-    Tk::UTF8_String.new(str)
+  def Tk.utf_to_backslash(str)
+    Tk::EncodedString.utf_to_backslash_sequence(str)
+  end
+  def Tk.to_backslash_sequence(str)
+    Tk::EncodedString.to_backslash_sequence(str)
   end
 end
 
@@ -1591,20 +1587,96 @@ end
 ###########################################
 #  convert kanji string to/from utf-8
 ###########################################
-if /^8\.[1-9]/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
+if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
   class TclTkIp
     # from tkencoding.rb by ttate@jaist.ac.jp
+    attr_accessor :encoding
+
     alias __eval _eval
     alias __invoke _invoke
-    
-    attr_accessor :encoding
-    
+
+    alias __toUTF8 _toUTF8
+    alias __fromUTF8 _fromUTF8
+
+=begin
+    #### --> definition is moved to TclTkIp module
+
+    def _toUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
+      # decide encoding
+      if encoding
+	encoding = encoding.to_s
+      elsif str.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString) && str.encoding != nil
+	encoding = str.encoding.to_s
+      elsif str.instance_variable_get(:@encoding)
+	encoding = str.instance_variable_get(:@encoding).to_s
+      elsif defined?(@encoding) && @encoding != nil
+	encoding = @encoding.to_s
+      else
+	encoding = __invoke('encoding', 'system')
+      end
+
+      # convert
+      case encoding
+      when 'utf-8', 'binary'
+	str
+      else
+	__toUTF8(str, encoding)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def _fromUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
+      unless encoding
+	if defined?(@encoding) && @encoding != nil
+	  encoding = @encoding.to_s
+	else
+	  encoding = __invoke('encoding', 'system')
+	end
+      end
+
+      if str.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString)
+	if str.encoding == 'binary'
+	  str
+	else
+	  __fromUTF8(str, encoding)
+	end
+      elsif str.instance_variable_get(:@encoding).to_s == 'binary'
+	str
+      else
+	__fromUTF8(str, encoding)
+      end
+    end
+=end
+
+    def _eval(cmd)
+      _fromUTF8(__eval(_toUTF8(cmd)))
+    end
+
+    def _invoke(*cmds)
+      _fromUTF8(__invoke(*(cmds.collect{|cmd| _toUTF8(cmd)})))
+    end
+
+    alias _eval_with_enc _eval
+    alias _invoke_with_enc _invoke
+
+=begin
     def _eval(cmd)
-      if defined? @encoding
-	if cmd.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString)
-	  _fromUTF8(__eval(_toUTF8(cmd, cmd.encoding)), @encoding)
+      if defined?(@encoding) && @encoding != 'utf-8'
+	ret = if cmd.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString)
+		case cmd.encoding
+		when 'utf-8', 'binary'
+		  __eval(cmd)
+		else
+		  __eval(_toUTF8(cmd, cmd.encoding))
+		end
+	      elsif cmd.instance_variable_get(:@encoding) == 'binary'
+		__eval(cmd)
+	      else
+		__eval(_toUTF8(cmd, @encoding))
+	      end
+	if ret.kind_of?(String) && ret.instance_variable_get(:@encoding) == 'binary'
+	  ret
 	else
-	  _fromUTF8(__eval(_toUTF8(cmd, @encoding)), @encoding)
+	  _fromUTF8(ret, @encoding)
 	end
       else
 	__eval(cmd)
@@ -1612,19 +1684,32 @@ if /^8\.[1-9]/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
     end
 
     def _invoke(*cmds)
-      if defined? @encoding
+      if defined?(@encoding) && @encoding != 'utf-8'
 	cmds = cmds.collect{|cmd|
 	  if cmd.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString)
-	    _toUTF8(cmd, cmd.encoding)
+	    case cmd.encoding
+	    when 'utf-8', 'binary'
+	      cmd
+	    else
+	      _toUTF8(cmd, cmd.encoding)
+	    end
+	  elsif cmd.instance_variable_get(:@encoding) == 'binary'
+	    cmd
 	  else
 	    _toUTF8(cmd, @encoding)
 	  end
 	}
-	_fromUTF8(__invoke(*cmds), @encoding)
+	ret = __invoke(*cmds)
+	if ret.kind_of?(String) && ret.instance_variable_get(:@encoding) == 'binary'
+	  ret
+	else
+	  _fromUTF8(ret, @encoding)
+	end
       else
 	__invoke(*cmds)
 	end
     end
+=end
   end
 
   module Tk
@@ -1688,6 +1773,9 @@ else
   class TclTkIp
     alias __eval _eval
     alias __invoke _invoke
+
+    alias _eval_with_enc _eval
+    alias _invoke_with_enc _invoke
   end
 
   module Tk
@@ -1720,1709 +1808,9 @@ else
       end
       alias encoding_convert_to encoding_convertto
     end
-
-    extend Encoding
-  end
-end
-
-module TkBindCore
-  def bind(context, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    Tk.bind(self, context, cmd, args)
-  end
-
-  def bind_append(context, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    Tk.bind_append(self, context, cmd, args)
-  end
-
-  def bind_remove(context)
-    Tk.bind_remove(self, context)
-  end
-
-  def bindinfo(context=nil)
-    Tk.bindinfo(self, context)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkBindTag
-  include TkBindCore
-
-  #BTagID_TBL = {}
-  BTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_BINDTAG_ID = ["btag".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ BTagID_TBL.clear }
-
-  def TkBindTag.id2obj(id)
-    BTagID_TBL[id]? BTagID_TBL[id]: id
-  end
-
-  def TkBindTag.new_by_name(name, *args, &b)
-    return BTagID_TBL[name] if BTagID_TBL[name]
-    self.new(*args, &b).instance_eval{
-      BTagID_TBL.delete @id
-      @id = name
-      BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-    }
-  end
-
-  def initialize(*args, &b)
-    @id = Tk_BINDTAG_ID.join
-    Tk_BINDTAG_ID[1].succ!
-    BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-    bind(*args, &b) if args != []
-  end
-
-  ALL = self.new_by_name('all')
-
-  def name
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def to_eval
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def inspect
-    Kernel.format "#<TkBindTag: %s>", @id
-  end
-end
-
-class TkBindTagAll<TkBindTag
-  def TkBindTagAll.new(*args, &b)
-    $stderr.puts "Warning: TkBindTagALL is obsolete. Use TkBindTag::ALL\n"
-
-    TkBindTag::ALL.bind(*args, &b) if args != []
-    TkBindTag::ALL
-  end
-end
-
-class TkDatabaseClass<TkBindTag
-  def self.new(name, *args, &b)
-    return BTagID_TBL[name] if BTagID_TBL[name]
-    super(name, *args, &b)
-  end
-
-  def initialize(name, *args, &b)
-    @id = name
-    BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-    bind(*args, &b) if args != []
-  end
-
-  def inspect
-    Kernel.format "#<TkDatabaseClass: %s>", @id
-  end
-end
-
-class TkVariable
-  include Tk
-  extend TkCore
-
-  include Comparable
-
-  #TkCommandNames = ['tkwait'.freeze].freeze
-  TkCommandNames = ['vwait'.freeze].freeze
-
-  #TkVar_CB_TBL = {}
-  #TkVar_ID_TBL = {}
-  TkVar_CB_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  TkVar_ID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_VARIABLE_ID = ["v".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_var', 'args', 
-	"ruby [format \"TkVariable.callback %%Q!%s!\" $args]")
-
-  def TkVariable.callback(args)
-    name1,name2,op = tk_split_list(args)
-    if TkVar_CB_TBL[name1]
-      _get_eval_string(TkVar_CB_TBL[name1].trace_callback(name2,op))
-    else
-      ''
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize(val="")
-    @id = Tk_VARIABLE_ID.join
-    Tk_VARIABLE_ID[1].succ!
-    TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-
-    @trace_var  = nil
-    @trace_elem = nil
-    @trace_opts = nil
-
-=begin
-    if val == []
-      # INTERP._eval(format('global %s; set %s(0) 0; unset %s(0)', 
-      #	                    @id, @id, @id))
-    elsif val.kind_of?(Array)
-      a = []
-      # val.each_with_index{|e,i| a.push(i); a.push(array2tk_list(e))}
-      # s = '"' + a.join(" ").gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      val.each_with_index{|e,i| a.push(i); a.push(e)}
-      s = '"' + array2tk_list(a).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      INTERP._eval(format('global %s; array set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    elsif  val.kind_of?(Hash)
-      s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
-                   .gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      INTERP._eval(format('global %s; array set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    else
-      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      INTERP._eval(format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    end
-=end
-    if  val.kind_of?(Hash)
-      s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
-                   .gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    else
-      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def wait(on_thread = false, check_root = false)
-    if $SAFE >= 4
-      fail SecurityError, "can't wait variable at $SAFE >= 4"
-    end
-    if on_thread
-      if check_root
-	INTERP._thread_tkwait('variable', @id)
-      else
-	INTERP._thread_vwait(@id)
-      end
-    else 
-      if check_root
-	INTERP._invoke('tkwait', 'variable', @id)
-      else
-	INTERP._invoke('vwait', @id)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  def eventloop_wait(check_root = false)
-    wait(false, check_root)
-  end
-  def thread_wait(check_root = false)
-    wait(true, check_root)
-  end
-  def tkwait(on_thread = true)
-    wait(on_thread, true)
-  end
-  def eventloop_tkwait
-    wait(false, true)
-  end
-  def thread_tkwait
-    wait(true, true)
-  end
-
-  def id
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def value
-    begin
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s', @id, @id))
-    rescue
-      if INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array exists %s', 
-				    @id, @id)) != "1"
-	fail
-      else
-	Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array get %s', @id, @id)))]
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def value=(val)
-    begin
-      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    rescue
-      if INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array exists %s', 
-				    @id, @id)) != "1"
-	fail
-      else
-	if val == []
-	  INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s; set %s(0) 0; unset %s(0)', @id, @id, @id, @id))
-	elsif val.kind_of?(Array)
-	  a = []
-	  val.each_with_index{|e,i| a.push(i); a.push(array2tk_list(e))}
-	  s = '"' + a.join(" ").gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-	  INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s; array set %s %s', 
-				     @id, @id, @id, s))
-	elsif  val.kind_of?(Hash)
-	  s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
-	                        .gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
-	  INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s; array set %s %s', 
-				     @id, @id, @id, s))
-	else
-	  fail
-	end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def [](index)
-    INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s)', 
-			       @id, @id, _get_eval_string(index)))
-  end
-
-  def []=(index,val)
-    INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s) %s', @id, @id, 
-			       _get_eval_string(index), _get_eval_string(val)))
-  end
-
-  def numeric
-    number(value)
-  end
-  def numeric=(val)
-    case val
-    when Numeric
-      self.value=(val)
-    when TkVariable
-      self.value=(val.numeric)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "Numeric is expected"
-    end
-  end
-
-  def to_i
-    number(value).to_i
-  end
-
-  def to_f
-    number(value).to_f
-  end
-
-  def to_s
-    string(value).to_s
-  end
-
-  def to_sym
-    value.intern
-  end
-
-  def list
-    tk_split_list(value)
-  end
-  alias to_a list
-
-  def list=(val)
-    case val
-    when Array
-      self.value=(val)
-    when TkVariable
-      self.value=(val.list)
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "Array is expected"
-    end
-  end
-
-  def inspect
-    Kernel.format "#<TkVariable: %s>", @id
-  end
-
-  def coerce(other)
-    case other
-    when TkVariable
-      [other.value, self.value]
-    when String
-      [other, self.to_s]
-    when Symbol
-      [other, self.to_sym]
-    when Integer
-      [other, self.to_i]
-    when Float
-      [other, self.to_f]
-    when Array
-      [other, self.to_a]
-    else
-      [other, self.value]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def &(other)
-    if other.kind_of?(Array)
-      self.to_a & other.to_a
-    else
-      self.to_i & other.to_i
-    end
-  end
-  def |(other)
-    if other.kind_of?(Array)
-      self.to_a | other.to_a
-    else
-      self.to_i | other.to_i
-    end
-  end
-  def +(other)
-    case other
-    when Array
-      self.to_a + other
-    when String
-      self.value + other
-    else
-      begin
-	number(self.value) + other
-      rescue
-	self.value + other.to_s
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  def -(other)
-    if other.kind_of?(Array)
-      self.to_a - other
-    else
-      number(self.value) - other
-    end
-  end
-  def *(other)
-    begin
-      number(self.value) * other
-    rescue
-      self.value * other
-    end
-  end
-  def /(other)
-    number(self.value) / other
-  end
-  def %(other)
-    begin
-      number(self.value) % other
-    rescue
-      self.value % other
-    end
-  end
-  def **(other)
-    number(self.value) ** other
-  end
-  def =~(other)
-    self.value =~ other
-  end
-
-  def ==(other)
-    case other
-    when TkVariable
-      self.equal?(other)
-    when String
-      self.to_s == other
-    when Symbol
-      self.to_sym == other
-    when Integer
-      self.to_i == other
-    when Float
-      self.to_f == other
-    when Array
-      self.to_a == other
-    when Hash
-      self.value == other
-    else
-      false
-    end
-  end
-
-  def zero?
-    numeric.zero?
-  end
-  def nonzero?
-    !(numeric.zero?)
-  end
-
-  def <=>(other)
-    if other.kind_of?(TkVariable)
-      begin
-	val = other.numeric
-	other = val
-      rescue
-	other = other.value
-      end
-    end
-    if other.kind_of?(Numeric)
-      begin
-	return self.numeric <=> other
-      rescue
-	return self.value <=> other.to_s
-      end
-    else
-      return self.value <=> other
-    end
-  end
-
-  def to_eval
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def unset(elem=nil)
-    if elem
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s(%s)', 
-				 @id, @id, tk_tcl2ruby(elem)))
-    else
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s', @id, @id))
-    end
-  end
-  alias remove unset
-
-  def trace_callback(elem, op)
-    if @trace_var.kind_of? Array
-      @trace_var.each{|m,e| e.call(self,elem,op) if m.index(op)}
-    end
-    if elem.kind_of? String
-      if @trace_elem[elem].kind_of? Array
-	@trace_elem[elem].each{|m,e| e.call(self,elem,op) if m.index(op)}
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def trace(opts, cmd)
-    @trace_var = [] if @trace_var == nil
-    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
-    @trace_var.unshift([opts,cmd])
-    if @trace_opts == nil
-      TkVar_CB_TBL[@id] = self
-      @trace_opts = opts
-      Tk.tk_call('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-    else
-      newopts = @trace_opts.dup
-      opts.each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
-      if newopts != @trace_opts
-	Tk.tk_call('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-	@trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-	Tk.tk_call('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def trace_element(elem, opts, cmd)
-    @trace_elem = {} if @trace_elem == nil
-    @trace_elem[elem] = [] if @trace_elem[elem] == nil
-    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
-    @trace_elem[elem].unshift([opts,cmd])
-    if @trace_opts == nil
-      TkVar_CB_TBL[@id] = self
-      @trace_opts = opts
-      Tk.tk_call('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-    else
-      newopts = @trace_opts.dup
-      opts.each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
-      if newopts != @trace_opts
-	Tk.tk_call('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-	@trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-	Tk.tk_call('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def trace_vinfo
-    return [] unless @trace_var
-    @trace_var.dup
-  end
-  def trace_vinfo_for_element(elem)
-    return [] unless @trace_elem
-    return [] unless @trace_elem[elem]
-    @trace_elem[elem].dup
-  end
-
-  def trace_vdelete(opts,cmd)
-    return unless @trace_var.kind_of? Array
-    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
-    idx = -1
-    newopts = ''
-    @trace_var.each_with_index{|e,i| 
-      if idx < 0 && e[0] == opts && e[1] == cmd
-	idx = i
-	next
-      end
-      e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
-    }
-    if idx >= 0
-      @trace_var.delete_at(idx) 
-    else
-      return
-    end
-
-    @trace_elem.each{|elem|
-      @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
-	e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
-      }
-    }
-
-    newopts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| newopts.index(c)}.join('')
-    if newopts != @trace_opts
-      Tk.tk_call('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-      @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-      if @trace_opts != ''
-	Tk.tk_call('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def trace_vdelete_for_element(elem,opts,cmd)
-    return unless @trace_elem.kind_of? Hash
-    return unless @trace_elem[elem].kind_of? Array
-    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
-    idx = -1
-    @trace_elem[elem].each_with_index{|e,i| 
-      if idx < 0 && e[0] == opts && e[1] == cmd
-	idx = i
-	next
-      end
-    }
-    if idx >= 0
-      @trace_elem[elem].delete_at(idx)
-    else
-      return
-    end
-
-    newopts = ''
-    @trace_var.each{|e| 
-      e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
-    }
-    @trace_elem.each{|elem|
-      @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
-	e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
-      }
-    }
-
-    newopts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| newopts.index(c)}.join('')
-    if newopts != @trace_opts
-      Tk.tk_call('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-      @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-      if @trace_opts != ''
-	Tk.tk_call('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class TkVarAccess<TkVariable
-  def self.new(name, *args)
-    return TkVar_ID_TBL[name] if TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-    super(name, *args)
-  end
-
-  def initialize(varname, val=nil)
-    @id = varname
-    TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-    if val
-      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"' #"
-      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-module Tk
-  begin
-    auto_path = INTERP._invoke('set', 'auto_path')
-  rescue
-    begin
-      auto_path = INTERP._invoke('set', 'env(TCLLIBPATH)')
-    rescue
-      auto_path = Tk::LIBRARY
-    end
-  end
-
-  AUTO_PATH = TkVarAccess.new('auto_path', auto_path)
-
-=begin
-  AUTO_OLDPATH = tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke('set', 'auto_oldpath'))
-  AUTO_OLDPATH.each{|s| s.freeze}
-  AUTO_OLDPATH.freeze
-=end
-
-  TCL_PACKAGE_PATH = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_pkgPath')
-  PACKAGE_PATH = TCL_PACKAGE_PATH
-
-  TCL_LIBRARY_PATH = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_libPath')
-  LIBRARY_PATH = TCL_LIBRARY_PATH
-
-  TCL_PRECISION = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_precision')
-end
-
-module TkSelection
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['selection'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def self.clear(sel=nil)
-    if sel
-      tk_call 'selection', 'clear', '-selection', sel
-    else
-      tk_call 'selection', 'clear'
-    end
-  end
-  def self.clear_on_display(win, sel=nil)
-    if sel
-      tk_call 'selection', 'clear', '-displayof', win, '-selection', sel
-    else
-      tk_call 'selection', 'clear', '-displayof', win
-    end
-  end
-  def clear(sel=nil)
-    TkSelection.clear_on_display(self, sel)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def self.get(keys=nil)
-    tk_call 'selection', 'get', *hash_kv(keys)
-  end
-  def self.get_on_display(win, keys=nil)
-    tk_call 'selection', 'get', '-displayof', win, *hash_kv(keys)
-  end
-  def get(keys=nil)
-    TkSelection.get_on_display(self, sel)
-  end
-
-  def self.handle(win, func=Proc.new, keys=nil, &b)
-    if func.kind_of?(Hash) && keys == nil
-      keys = func
-      func = Proc.new(&b)
-    end
-    args = ['selection', 'handle']
-    args += hash_kv(keys)
-    args += [win, func]
-    tk_call(*args)
-  end
-  def handle(func=Proc.new, keys=nil, &b)
-    TkSelection.handle(self, func, keys, &b)
-  end
-
-  def self.get_owner(sel=nil)
-    if sel
-      window(tk_call('selection', 'own', '-selection', sel))
-    else
-      window(tk_call('selection', 'own'))
-    end
-  end
-  def self.get_owner_on_display(win, sel=nil)
-    if sel
-      window(tk_call('selection', 'own', '-displayof', win, '-selection', sel))
-    else
-      window(tk_call('selection', 'own', '-displayof', win))
-    end
-  end
-  def get_owner(sel=nil)
-    TkSelection.get_owner_on_display(self, sel)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def self.set_owner(win, keys=nil)
-    tk_call('selection', 'own', *(hash_kv(keys) << win))
-  end
-  def set_owner(keys=nil)
-    TkSelection.set_owner(self, keys)
-    self
   end
 end
 
-module TkKinput
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = [
-    'kinput_start'.freeze, 
-    'kinput_send_spot'.freeze, 
-    'kanjiInput'.freeze
-  ].freeze
-
-  def TkKinput.start(window, style=None)
-    tk_call 'kinput_start', window.path, style
-  end
-  def kinput_start(style=None)
-    TkKinput.start(self, style)
-  end
-
-  def TkKinput.send_spot(window)
-    tk_call 'kinput_send_spot', window.path
-  end
-  def kinput_send_spot
-    TkKinput.send_spot(self)
-  end
-
-  def TkKinput.input_start(window, keys=nil)
-    tk_call 'kanjiInput', 'start', window.path, *hash_kv(keys)
-  end
-  def kanji_input_start(keys=nil)
-    TkKinput.input_start(self, keys)
-  end
-
-  def TkKinput.attribute_config(window, slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_call 'kanjiInput', 'attribute', window.path, *hash_kv(slot)
-    else
-      tk_call 'kanjiInput', 'attribute', window.path, "-#{slot}", value
-    end
-  end
-  def kinput_attribute_config(slot, value=None)
-    TkKinput.attribute_config(self, slot, value)
-  end
-
-  def TkKinput.attribute_info(window, slot=nil)
-    if slot
-      conf = tk_split_list(tk_call('kanjiInput', 'attribute', 
-				   window.path, "-#{slot}"))
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      tk_split_list(tk_call('kanjiInput', 'attribute', 
-			    window.path)).collect{|conf|
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	conf
-      }
-    end
-  end
-  def kinput_attribute_info(slot=nil)
-    TkKinput.attribute_info(self, slot)
-  end
-
-  def TkKinput.input_end(window)
-    tk_call 'kanjiInput', 'end', window.path
-  end
-  def kanji_input_end
-    TkKinput.input_end(self)
-  end
-end
-
-module TkXIM
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['imconfigure'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def TkXIM.useinputmethods(window=nil, value=nil)
-    if window
-      if value
-        tk_call 'tk', 'useinputmethods', '-displayof', window.path, value
-      else
-        tk_call 'tk', 'useinputmethods', '-displayof', window.path
-      end
-    else
-      if value
-        tk_call 'tk', 'useinputmethods', value
-      else
-        tk_call 'tk', 'useinputmethods'
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkXIM.caret(window, keys=nil)
-    if keys
-      tk_call('tk', 'caret', window, *hash_kv(keys))
-      self
-    else
-      lst = tk_split_list(tk_call('tk', 'caret', window))
-      info = {}
-      while key = lst.shift
-	info[key[1..-1]] = lst.shift
-      end
-      info
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkXIM.configure(window, slot, value=None)
-    begin
-      if /^8\.*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
-        if slot.kind_of? Hash
-          tk_call 'imconfigure', window.path, *hash_kv(slot)
-        else
-          tk_call 'imconfigure', window.path, "-#{slot}", value
-        end
-      end
-    rescue
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkXIM.configinfo(window, slot=nil)
-    begin
-      if /^8\.*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
-        if slot
-          conf = tk_split_list(tk_call('imconfigure', window.path, "-#{slot}"))
-          conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-          conf
-        else
-          tk_split_list(tk_call('imconfigure', window.path)).collect{|conf|
-            conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-            conf
-          }
-        end
-      else
-        []
-      end
-    rescue
-      []
-    end
-  end
-
-  def useinputmethods(value=nil)
-    TkXIM.useinputmethods(self, value)
-  end
-
-  def caret(keys=nil)
-    TkXIM.caret(self, keys=nil)
-  end
-
-  def imconfigure(slot, value=None)
-    TkXIM.configinfo(self, slot, value)
-  end
-
-  def imconfiginfo(slot=nil)
-    TkXIM.configinfo(self, slot)
-  end
-end
-
-module TkWinfo
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['winfo'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def TkWinfo.atom(name, win=nil)
-    if win
-      number(tk_call('winfo', 'atom', '-displayof', win, name))
-    else
-      number(tk_call('winfo', 'atom', name))
-    end
-  end
-  def winfo_atom(name)
-    TkWinfo.atom(name, self)
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.atomname(id, win=nil)
-    if win
-      tk_call('winfo', 'atomname', '-displayof', win, id)
-    else
-      tk_call('winfo', 'atomname', id)
-    end
-  end
-  def winfo_atomname(id)
-    TkWinfo.atomname(id, self)
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.cells(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'cells', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_cells
-    TkWinfo.cells self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.children(window)
-    c = tk_call('winfo', 'children', window.path)
-    list(c)
-  end
-  def winfo_children
-    TkWinfo.children self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.classname(window)
-    tk_call 'winfo', 'class', window.path
-  end
-  def winfo_classname
-    TkWinfo.classname self
-  end
-  alias winfo_class winfo_classname
-
-  def TkWinfo.colormapfull(window)
-     bool(tk_call('winfo', 'colormapfull', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_colormapfull
-    TkWinfo.colormapfull self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.containing(rootX, rootY, win=nil)
-    if win
-      window(tk_call('winfo', 'containing', '-displayof', win, rootX, rootY))
-    else
-      window(tk_call('winfo', 'containing', rootX, rootY))
-    end
-  end
-  def winfo_containing(x, y)
-    TkWinfo.containing(x, y, self)
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.depth(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'depth', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_depth
-    TkWinfo.depth self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.exist?(window)
-    bool(tk_call('winfo', 'exists', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_exist?
-    TkWinfo.exist? self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.fpixels(window, dist)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'fpixels', window.path, dist))
-  end
-  def winfo_fpixels(dist)
-    TkWinfo.fpixels self, dist
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.geometry(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'geometry', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_geometry
-    TkWinfo.geometry self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.height(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'height', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_height
-    TkWinfo.height self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.id(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'id', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_id
-    TkWinfo.id self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.interps(window=nil)
-    if window
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('winfo', 'interps',
-				  '-displayof', window.path))
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('winfo', 'interps'))
-    end
-  end
-  def winfo_interps
-    TkWinfo.interps self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.mapped?(window)
-    bool(tk_call('winfo', 'ismapped', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_mapped?
-    TkWinfo.mapped? self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.manager(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'manager', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_manager
-    TkWinfo.manager self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.appname(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'name', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_appname
-    TkWinfo.appname self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.parent(window)
-    window(tk_call('winfo', 'parent', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_parent
-    TkWinfo.parent self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.widget(id, win=nil)
-    if win
-      window(tk_call('winfo', 'pathname', '-displayof', win, id))
-    else
-      window(tk_call('winfo', 'pathname', id))
-    end
-  end
-  def winfo_widget(id)
-    TkWinfo.widget id, self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.pixels(window, dist)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'pixels', window.path, dist))
-  end
-  def winfo_pixels(dist)
-    TkWinfo.pixels self, dist
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.reqheight(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'reqheight', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_reqheight
-    TkWinfo.reqheight self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.reqwidth(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'reqwidth', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_reqwidth
-    TkWinfo.reqwidth self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.rgb(window, color)
-    list(tk_call('winfo', 'rgb', window.path, color))
-  end
-  def winfo_rgb(color)
-    TkWinfo.rgb self, color
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.rootx(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'rootx', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_rootx
-    TkWinfo.rootx self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.rooty(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'rooty', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_rooty
-    TkWinfo.rooty self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screen(window)
-    tk_call 'winfo', 'screen', window.path
-  end
-  def winfo_screen
-    TkWinfo.screen self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screencells(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'screencells', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_screencells
-    TkWinfo.screencells self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screendepth(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'screendepth', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_screendepth
-    TkWinfo.screendepth self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screenheight (window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'screenheight', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_screenheight
-    TkWinfo.screenheight self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screenmmheight(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'screenmmheight', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_screenmmheight
-    TkWinfo.screenmmheight self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screenmmwidth(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'screenmmwidth', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_screenmmwidth
-    TkWinfo.screenmmwidth self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screenvisual(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'screenvisual', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_screenvisual
-    TkWinfo.screenvisual self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.screenwidth(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'screenwidth', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_screenwidth
-    TkWinfo.screenwidth self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.server(window)
-    tk_call 'winfo', 'server', window.path
-  end
-  def winfo_server
-    TkWinfo.server self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.toplevel(window)
-    window(tk_call('winfo', 'toplevel', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_toplevel
-    TkWinfo.toplevel self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.visual(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'visual', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_visual
-    TkWinfo.visual self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.visualid(window)
-    tk_call('winfo', 'visualid', window.path)
-  end
-  def winfo_visualid
-    TkWinfo.visualid self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.visualsavailable(window, includeids=false)
-    if includeids
-      list(tk_call('winfo', 'visualsavailable', window.path, "includeids"))
-    else
-      list(tk_call('winfo', 'visualsavailable', window.path))
-    end
-  end
-  def winfo_visualsavailable(includeids=false)
-    TkWinfo.visualsavailable self, includeids
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.vrootheight(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'vrootheight', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_vrootheight
-    TkWinfo.vrootheight self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.vrootwidth(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'vrootwidth', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_vrootwidth
-    TkWinfo.vrootwidth self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.vrootx(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'vrootx', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_vrootx
-    TkWinfo.vrootx self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.vrooty(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'vrooty', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_vrooty
-    TkWinfo.vrooty self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.width(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'width', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_width
-    TkWinfo.width self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.x(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'x', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_x
-    TkWinfo.x self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.y(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'y', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_y
-    TkWinfo.y self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.viewable(window)
-    bool(tk_call('winfo', 'viewable', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_viewable
-    TkWinfo.viewable self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.pointerx(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'pointerx', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_pointerx
-    TkWinfo.pointerx self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.pointery(window)
-    number(tk_call('winfo', 'pointery', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_pointery
-    TkWinfo.pointery self
-  end
-
-  def TkWinfo.pointerxy(window)
-    list(tk_call('winfo', 'pointerxy', window.path))
-  end
-  def winfo_pointerxy
-    TkWinfo.pointerxy self
-  end
-end
-
-module TkPack
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['pack'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def configure(win, *args)
-    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
-      keys = args.pop
-    end
-    wins = [win.epath]
-    for i in args
-      wins.push i.epath
-    end
-    tk_call "pack", 'configure', *(wins+hash_kv(keys))
-  end
-
-  def forget(*args)
-    tk_call 'pack', 'forget' *args
-  end
-
-  def info(slave)
-    ilist = list(tk_call('pack', 'info', slave.epath))
-    info = {}
-    while key = ilist.shift
-      info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-    end
-    return info
-  end
-
-  def propagate(master, bool=None)
-    if bool == None
-      bool(tk_call('pack', 'propagate', master.epath))
-    else
-      tk_call('pack', 'propagate', master.epath, bool)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def slaves(master)
-    list(tk_call('pack', 'slaves', master.epath))
-  end
-
-  module_function :configure, :forget, :info, :propagate, :slaves
-end
-
-module TkGrid
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['grid'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def bbox(*args)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'bbox', *args))
-  end
-
-  def configure(widget, *args)
-    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
-      keys = args.pop
-    end
-    wins = []
-    args.unshift(widget)
-    for i in args
-      case i
-      when '-', 'x', '^'  # RELATIVE PLACEMENT
-	wins.push(i)
-      else
-	wins.push(i.epath)
-      end
-    end
-    tk_call "grid", 'configure', *(wins+hash_kv(keys))
-  end
-
-  def columnconfigure(master, index, args)
-    tk_call "grid", 'columnconfigure', master, index, *hash_kv(args)
-  end
-
-  def rowconfigure(master, index, args)
-    tk_call "grid", 'rowconfigure', master, index, *hash_kv(args)
-  end
-
-  def columnconfiginfo(master, index, slot=nil)
-    if slot
-      tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', master, index, "-#{slot}").to_i
-    else
-      ilist = list(tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', master, index))
-      info = {}
-      while key = ilist.shift
-	info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-      end
-      info
-    end
-  end
-
-  def rowconfiginfo(master, index, slot=nil)
-    if slot
-      tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', master, index, "-#{slot}").to_i
-    else
-      ilist = list(tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', master, index))
-      info = {}
-      while key = ilist.shift
-	info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-      end
-      info
-    end
-  end
-
-  def add(widget, *args)
-    configure(widget, *args)
-  end
-
-  def forget(*args)
-    tk_call 'grid', 'forget', *args
-  end
-
-  def info(slave)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'info', slave))
-  end
-
-  def location(master, x, y)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'location', master, x, y))
-  end
-
-  def propagate(master, bool=None)
-    if bool == None
-      bool(tk_call('grid', 'propagate', master.epath))
-    else
-      tk_call('grid', 'propagate', master.epath, bool)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def remove(*args)
-    tk_call 'grid', 'remove', *args
-  end
-
-  def size(master)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'size', master))
-  end
-
-  def slaves(master, args)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'slaves', master, *hash_kv(args)))
-  end
-
-  module_function :bbox, :forget, :propagate, :info
-  module_function :remove, :size, :slaves, :location
-  module_function :configure, :columnconfigure, :rowconfigure
-  module_function :columnconfiginfo, :rowconfiginfo
-end
-
-module TkPlace
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['place'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def configure(win, slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_call 'place', 'configure', win.epath, *hash_kv(slot)
-    else
-      tk_call 'place', 'configure', win.epath, "-#{slot}", value
-    end
-  end
-
-  def configinfo(win, slot = nil)
-    # for >= Tk8.4a2 ?
-    if slot
-      conf = tk_split_list(tk_call('place', 'configure', 
-				   win.epath, "-#{slot}") )
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('place', 'configure', 
-				  win.epath)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	conf
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  def forget(win)
-    tk_call 'place', 'forget', win
-  end
-
-  def info(win)
-    ilist = list(tk_call('place', 'info', win.epath))
-    info = {}
-    while key = ilist.shift
-      info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-    end
-    return info
-  end
-
-  def slaves(master)
-    list(tk_call('place', 'slaves', master.epath))
-  end
-
-  module_function :configure, :configinfo, :forget, :info, :slaves
-end
-
-module TkOptionDB
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['option'.freeze].freeze
-
-  module Priority
-    WidgetDefault = 20
-    StartupFile   = 40
-    UserDefault   = 60
-    Interactive   = 80
-  end
-
-  def add(pat, value, pri=None)
-    if $SAFE >= 4
-      fail SecurityError, "can't call 'TkOptionDB.add' at $SAFE >= 4"
-    end
-    tk_call 'option', 'add', pat, value, pri
-  end
-  def clear
-    if $SAFE >= 4
-      fail SecurityError, "can't call 'TkOptionDB.crear' at $SAFE >= 4"
-    end
-    tk_call 'option', 'clear'
-  end
-  def get(win, name, klass)
-    tk_call('option', 'get', win ,name, klass)
-  end
-  def readfile(file, pri=None)
-    tk_call 'option', 'readfile', file, pri
-  end
-  module_function :add, :clear, :get, :readfile
-
-  def read_entries(file, f_enc=nil)
-    if TkCore::INTERP.safe?
-      fail SecurityError, 
-	"can't call 'TkOptionDB.read_entries' on a safe interpreter"
-    end
-
-    i_enc = Tk.encoding()
-
-    unless f_enc
-      f_enc = i_enc
-    end
-
-    ent = []
-    cline = ''
-    open(file, 'r') {|f|
-      while line = f.gets
-	cline += line.chomp!
-	case cline
-	when /\\$/    # continue
-	  cline.chop!
-	  next
-	when /^!/     # coment
-	  cline = ''
-	  next
-	when /^([^:]+):\s(.*)$/
-	  pat = $1
-	  val = $2
-	  p "ResourceDB: #{[pat, val].inspect}" if $DEBUG
-	  pat = TkCore::INTERP._toUTF8(pat, f_enc)
-	  pat = TkCore::INTERP._fromUTF8(pat, i_enc)
-	  val = TkCore::INTERP._toUTF8(val, f_enc)
-	  val = TkCore::INTERP._fromUTF8(val, i_enc)
-	  ent << [pat, val]
-	  cline = ''
-	else          # unknown --> ignore
-	  cline = ''
-	  next
-	end
-      end
-    }
-    ent
-  end
-  module_function :read_entries
-      
-  def read_with_encoding(file, f_enc=nil, pri=None)
-    # try to read the file as an OptionDB file
-    readfile(file, pri).each{|pat, val|
-      add(pat, val, pri)
-    }
-
-=begin
-    i_enc = Tk.encoding()
-
-    unless f_enc
-      f_enc = i_enc
-    end
-
-    cline = ''
-    open(file, 'r') {|f|
-      while line = f.gets
-	cline += line.chomp!
-	case cline
-	when /\\$/    # continue
-	  cline.chop!
-	  next
-	when /^!/     # coment
-	  cline = ''
-	  next
-	when /^([^:]+):\s(.*)$/
-	  pat = $1
-	  val = $2
-	  p "ResourceDB: #{[pat, val].inspect}" if $DEBUG
-	  pat = TkCore::INTERP._toUTF8(pat, f_enc)
-	  pat = TkCore::INTERP._fromUTF8(pat, i_enc)
-	  val = TkCore::INTERP._toUTF8(val, f_enc)
-	  val = TkCore::INTERP._fromUTF8(val, i_enc)
-	  add(pat, val, pri)
-	  cline = ''
-	else          # unknown --> ignore
-	  cline = ''
-	  next
-	end
-      end
-    }
-=end
-  end
-  module_function :read_with_encoding
-
-  # support procs on the resource database
-  @@resource_proc_class = Class.new
-  class << @@resource_proc_class
-    private :new
- 
-    CARRIER    = '.'.freeze
-    METHOD_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-    ADD_METHOD = false
-    SAFE_MODE  = 4
-
-    def __closed_block_check__(str)
-      depth = 0
-      str.scan(/[{}]/){|x|
-	if x == "{"
-	  depth += 1
-	elsif x == "}"
-	  depth -= 1
-	end
-	if depth <= 0 && !($' =~ /\A\s*\Z/)
-	  fail RuntimeError, "bad string for procedure : #{str.inspect}"
-	end
-      }
-      str
-    end
-
-    def __check_proc_string__(str)
-      # If you want to check the proc_string, do it in this method.
-      # Please define this in the block given to 'new_proc_class' method. 
-      str
-    end
-
-    def method_missing(id, *args)
-      res_proc = self::METHOD_TBL[id]
-      unless res_proc.kind_of? Proc
-        if id == :new || !(self::METHOD_TBL.has_key?(id) || self::ADD_METHOD)
-          raise NoMethodError, 
-                "not support resource-proc '#{id.id2name}' for #{self.name}"
-        end
-        proc_str = TkOptionDB.get(self::CARRIER, id.id2name, '').strip
-        proc_str = '{' + proc_str + '}' unless /\A\{.*\}\Z/ =~ proc_str
-	proc_str = __closed_block_check__(proc_str)
-        proc_str = __check_proc_string__(proc_str)
-        res_proc = eval('Proc.new' + proc_str)
-        self::METHOD_TBL[id] = res_proc
-      end
-      proc{
-         $SAFE = self::SAFE_MODE
-         res_proc.call(*args)
-      }.call
-    end
-
-    private :__closed_block_check__, :__check_proc_string__, :method_missing
-  end
-  @@resource_proc_class.freeze
-
-  def __create_new_class(klass, func, safe = 4, add = false, parent = nil)
-    klass = klass.to_s if klass.kind_of? Symbol
-    unless (?A..?Z) === klass[0]
-      fail ArgumentError, "bad string '#{klass}' for class name"
-    end
-    unless func.kind_of? Array
-      fail ArgumentError, "method-list must be Array"
-    end
-    func_str = func.join(' ')
-    if parent == nil
-      install_win(parent)
-    elsif parent <= @@resource_proc_class
-      install_win(parent::CARRIER)
-    else
-      fail ArgumentError, "parent must be Resource-Proc class"
-    end
-    carrier = Tk.tk_call('frame', @path, '-class', klass)
-
-    body = <<-"EOD"
-      class #{klass} < TkOptionDB.module_eval('@@resource_proc_class')
-        CARRIER    = '#{carrier}'.freeze
-        METHOD_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-        ADD_METHOD = #{add}
-        SAFE_MODE  = #{safe}
-        %w(#{func_str}).each{|f| METHOD_TBL[f.intern] = nil }
-      end
-    EOD
-
-    if parent.kind_of?(Class) && parent <= @@resource_proc_class
-      parent.class_eval(body)
-      eval(parent.name + '::' + klass)
-    else
-      eval(body)
-      eval('TkOptionDB::' + klass)
-    end
-  end
-  module_function :__create_new_class
-  private_class_method :__create_new_class
-
-  def __remove_methods_of_proc_class(klass)
-    # for security, make these methods invalid
-    class << klass
-      attr_reader :class_eval, :name, :superclass, 
-	:ancestors, :const_defined?, :const_get, :const_set, 
-	:constants, :included_modules, :instance_methods, 
-	:method_defined?, :module_eval, :private_instance_methods, 
-	:protected_instance_methods, :public_instance_methods, 
-	:remove_const, :remove_method, :undef_method, 
-	:to_s, :inspect, :display, :method, :methods, 
-	:instance_eval, :instance_variables, :kind_of?, :is_a?,
-	:private_methods, :protected_methods, :public_methods
-    end
-  end
-  module_function :__remove_methods_of_proc_class
-  private_class_method :__remove_methods_of_proc_class
-
-  RAND_BASE_CNT = [0]
-  RAND_BASE_HEAD = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
-  RAND_BASE_CHAR = RAND_BASE_HEAD + 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_'
-  def __get_random_basename
-    name = '%s%03d' % [RAND_BASE_HEAD[rand(RAND_BASE_HEAD.size),1], 
-                       RAND_BASE_CNT[0]]
-    len = RAND_BASE_CHAR.size
-    (6+rand(10)).times{
-      name << RAND_BASE_CHAR[rand(len),1]
-    }
-    RAND_BASE_CNT[0] = RAND_BASE_CNT[0] + 1
-    name
-  end
-  module_function :__get_random_basename
-  private_class_method :__get_random_basename
-
-  # define new proc class :
-  # If you want to modify the new class or create a new subclass, 
-  # you must do such operation in the block parameter. 
-  # Because the created class is flozen after evaluating the block. 
-  def new_proc_class(klass, func, safe = 4, add = false, parent = nil, &b)
-    new_klass = __create_new_class(klass, func, safe, add, parent)
-    new_klass.class_eval(&b) if block_given?
-    __remove_methods_of_proc_class(new_klass)
-    new_klass.freeze
-    new_klass
-  end
-  module_function :new_proc_class
-
-  def eval_under_random_base(parent = nil, &b)
-    new_klass = __create_new_class(__get_random_basename(), 
-				   [], 4, false, parent)
-    ret = new_klass.class_eval(&b) if block_given?
-    __remove_methods_of_proc_class(new_klass)
-    new_klass.freeze
-    ret
-  end
-  module_function :eval_under_random_base
-
-  def new_proc_class_random(klass, func, safe = 4, add = false, &b)
-    eval_under_random_base(){
-      TkOption.new_proc_class(klass, func, safe, add, self, &b)
-    }
-  end
-  module_function :new_proc_class_random
-end
-TkOption = TkOptionDB
-TkResourceDB = TkOptionDB
 
 module TkTreatFont
   def font_configinfo(name = nil)
@@ -3573,198 +1961,37 @@ module TkTreatFont
   end
 end
 
-module TkTreatItemFont
-  def __conf_cmd(idx)
-    raise NotImplementedError, "need to define `__conf_cmd'"
-  end
-  def __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    raise NotImplementedError, "need to define `__item_pathname'"
-  end
-  private :__conf_cmd, :__item_pathname
-
-  def tagfont_configinfo(tagOrId, name = nil)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    ret = TkFont.used_on(pathname)
-    if ret == nil
-=begin
-      if name
-	ret = name
-      else
-	ret = TkFont.init_widget_font(pathname, self.path, 
-				      __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId)
-      end
-=end
-      ret = TkFont.init_widget_font(pathname, self.path, 
-				    __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId)
-    end
-    ret
-  end
-  alias tagfontobj tagfont_configinfo
-
-  def tagfont_configure(tagOrId, slot)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
-
-    if slot.key?('font')
-      fnt = slot.delete('font')
-      if fnt.kind_of? TkFont
-	return fnt.call_font_configure(pathname, self.path,
-				       __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), 
-				       tagOrId, slot)
-      else
-	if fnt 
-	  if (slot.key?('kanjifont') || 
-	      slot.key?('latinfont') || 
-	      slot.key?('asciifont'))
-	    fnt = TkFont.new(fnt)
-
-	    lfnt = slot.delete('latinfont')
-	    lfnt = slot.delete('asciifont') if slot.key?('asciifont')
-	    kfnt = slot.delete('kanjifont')
-
-	    fnt.latin_replace(lfnt) if lfnt
-	    fnt.kanji_replace(kfnt) if kfnt
-	  end
-
-	  slot['font'] = fnt
-	  tk_call(self.path, __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), 
-		  tagOrId, *hash_kv(slot))
-	end
-	return self
-      end
-    end
-
-    lfnt = slot.delete('latinfont')
-    lfnt = slot.delete('asciifont') if slot.key?('asciifont')
-    kfnt = slot.delete('kanjifont')
-
-    if lfnt && kfnt
-      return TkFont.new(lfnt, kfnt).call_font_configure(pathname, self.path,
-							__conf_cmd(0), 
-							__conf_cmd(1), 
-							tagOrId, slot)
-    end
-
-    latintagfont_configure(tagOrId, lfnt) if lfnt
-    kanjitagfont_configure(tagOrId, kfnt) if kfnt
-      
-    tk_call(self.path, __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), 
-	    tagOrId, *hash_kv(slot)) if slot != {}
-    self
-  end
-
-  def latintagfont_configure(tagOrId, ltn, keys=nil)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    if (fobj = TkFont.used_on(pathname))
-      fobj = TkFont.new(fobj)    # create a new TkFont object
-    elsif Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
-      fobj = tagfontobj(tagOrId) # create a new TkFont object
-    else
-      tk_call(self.path, __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId, '-font', ltn)
-      return self
-    end
-
-    if fobj.kind_of?(TkFont)
-      if ltn.kind_of? TkFont
-	conf = {}
-	ltn.latin_configinfo.each{|key,val| conf[key] = val}
-	if keys
-	  fobj.latin_configure(conf.update(keys))
-	else
-	  fobj.latin_configure(conf)
-	end
-      else
-	fobj.latin_replace(ltn)
-      end
-    end
 
-    return fobj.call_font_configure(pathname, self.path,
-				    __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId, {})
+module TkBindCore
+  def bind(context, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
+    Tk.bind(self, context, cmd, args)
   end
-  alias asciitagfont_configure latintagfont_configure
-
-  def kanjitagfont_configure(tagOrId, knj, keys=nil)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    if (fobj = TkFont.used_on(pathname))
-      fobj = TkFont.new(fobj)    # create a new TkFont object
-    elsif Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
-      fobj = tagfontobj(tagOrId) # create a new TkFont object
-    else
-      tk_call(self.path, __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId, '-font', knj)
-      return self
-    end
-
-    if fobj.kind_of?(TkFont)
-      if knj.kind_of? TkFont
-	conf = {}
-	knj.kanji_configinfo.each{|key,val| conf[key] = val}
-	if keys
-	  fobj.kanji_configure(conf.update(keys))
-	else
-	  fobj.kanji_configure(conf)
-	end
-      else
-	fobj.kanji_replace(knj)
-      end
-    end
 
-    return fobj.call_font_configure(pathname, self.path,
-				    __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId, {})
+  def bind_append(context, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
+    Tk.bind_append(self, context, cmd, args)
   end
 
-  def tagfont_copy(tagOrId, window, wintag=nil)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    if wintag
-      fnt = window.tagfontobj(wintag).dup
-    else
-      fnt = window.fontobj.dup
-    end
-    fnt.call_font_configure(pathname, self.path, 
-			    __conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), tagOrId, {})
-    return self
-  end
-
-  def latintagfont_copy(tagOrId, window, wintag=nil)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    tagfontobj(tagOrId).dup.call_font_configure(pathname, self.path, 
-						__conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), 
-						tagOrId, {})
-    if wintag
-      tagfontobj(tagOrId).
-	latin_replace(window.tagfontobj(wintag).latin_font_id)
-    else
-      tagfontobj(tagOrId).latin_replace(window.fontobj.latin_font_id)
-    end
-    self
+  def bind_remove(context)
+    Tk.bind_remove(self, context)
   end
-  alias asciitagfont_copy latintagfont_copy
 
-  def kanjitagfont_copy(tagOrId, window, wintag=nil)
-    pathname = __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    tagfontobj(tagOrId).dup.call_font_configure(pathname, self.path, 
-						__conf_cmd(0), __conf_cmd(1), 
-						tagOrId, {})
-    if wintag
-      tagfontobj(tagOrId).
-	kanji_replace(window.tagfontobj(wintag).kanji_font_id)
-    else
-      tagfontobj(tagOrId).kanji_replace(window.fontobj.kanji_font_id)
-    end
-    self
+  def bindinfo(context=nil)
+    Tk.bindinfo(self, context)
   end
 end
 
+
 class TkObject<TkKernel
   include Tk
   include TkTreatFont
   include TkBindCore
 
   def path
-    return @path
+    @path
   end
 
   def epath
-    return @path
+    @path
   end
 
   def to_eval
@@ -3772,18 +1999,28 @@ class TkObject<TkKernel
   end
 
   def tk_send(cmd, *rest)
-    tk_call path, cmd, *rest
+    tk_call(path, cmd, *rest)
+  end
+  def tk_send_without_enc(cmd, *rest)
+    tk_call_without_enc(path, cmd, *rest)
+  end
+  def tk_send_with_enc(cmd, *rest)
+    tk_call_with_enc(path, cmd, *rest)
   end
-  private :tk_send
+  private :tk_send, :tk_send_without_enc, :tk_send_with_enc
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
     name = id.id2name
     case args.length
     when 1
-      configure name, args[0]
+      if name[-1] == ?=
+	configure name[0..-2], args[0]
+      else
+	configure name, args[0]
+      end
     when 0
       begin
-	cget name
+	cget(name)
       rescue
 	fail NameError, 
 	     "undefined local variable or method `#{name}' for #{self.to_s}", 
@@ -3795,20 +2032,23 @@ class TkObject<TkKernel
   end
 
   def [](id)
-    cget id
+    cget(id)
   end
 
   def []=(id, val)
-    configure id, val
+    configure(id, val)
+    val
   end
 
   def cget(slot)
     case slot.to_s
     when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-      tk_call path, 'cget', "-#{slot}"
+      #tk_call(path, 'cget', "-#{slot}")
+      _fromUTF8(tk_call_without_enc(path, 'cget', "-#{slot}"))
     when 'font', 'kanjifont'
       #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(path, 'cget', "-#{slot}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(path, 'cget', "-font"))
+      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(path, 'cget', "-font"))
+      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call_without_enc(path, 'cget', "-font"), true)
       unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
 	fnt = fontobj(fnt)
       end
@@ -3819,7 +2059,7 @@ class TkObject<TkKernel
 	fnt
       end
     else
-      tk_tcl2ruby tk_call(path, 'cget', "-#{slot}")
+      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call_without_enc(path, 'cget', "-#{slot}"), true)
     end
   end
 
@@ -3831,7 +2071,7 @@ class TkObject<TkKernel
           slot['asciifont'] || slot[:asciifont] )
 	font_configure(slot)
       elsif slot.size > 0
-	tk_call path, 'configure', *hash_kv(slot)
+	tk_call(path, 'configure', *hash_kv(slot))
       end
 
     else
@@ -3845,93 +2085,177 @@ class TkObject<TkKernel
 	  font_configure({slot=>value})
 	end
       else
-	tk_call path, 'configure', "-#{slot}", value
+	tk_call(path, 'configure', "-#{slot}", value)
       end
     end
     self
   end
 
   def configure_cmd(slot, value)
-    configure slot, install_cmd(value)
+    configure(slot, install_cmd(value))
   end
 
   def configinfo(slot = nil)
-    if slot == 'font' || slot == :font || 
-       slot == 'kanjifont' || slot == :kanjifont
-      conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('configure', "-#{slot}") )
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf[4] = fontobj(conf[4])
-      conf
-    else
-      if slot
-	case slot.to_s
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	  conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('configure', "-#{slot}") )
-	else
-	  conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('configure', "-#{slot}") )
-	end
+    if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
+      if slot == 'font' || slot == :font || 
+	  slot == 'kanjifont' || slot == :kanjifont
+	conf = tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure', "-#{slot}")))
 	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
+	conf[4] = fontobj(conf[4])
 	conf
       else
-	ret = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('configure') ).collect{|conflist|
-	  conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	  conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	  case conf[0]
+	if slot
+	  case slot.to_s
 	  when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
+	    conf = tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure', "-#{slot}")))
 	  else
-	    if conf[3]
-	      if conf[3].index('{')
-		conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	      else
-		conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
+	    conf = tk_split_list(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure', "-#{slot}")))
+	  end
+	  conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
+	  conf
+	else
+	  ret = tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure'))).collect{|conflist|
+	    conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
+	    conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
+	    case conf[0]
+	    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
+	    else
+	      if conf[3]
+		if conf[3].index('{')
+		  conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
+		else
+		  conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
+		end
 	      end
-	    end
-	    if conf[4]
-	      if conf[4].index('{')
-		conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	      else
-		conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
+	      if conf[4]
+		if conf[4].index('{')
+		  conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
+		else
+		  conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
+		end
 	      end
 	    end
+	    conf[1] = conf[1][1..-1] if conf.size == 2 # alias info
+	    conf
+	  }
+	  fontconf = ret.assoc('font')
+	  if fontconf
+	    ret.delete_if{|item| item[0] == 'font' || item[0] == 'kanjifont'}
+	    fontconf[4] = fontobj(fontconf[4])
+	    ret.push(fontconf)
+	  else
+	    ret
 	  end
-	  conf
-	}
-	fontconf = ret.assoc('font')
-	if fontconf
-	  ret.delete_if{|item| item[0] == 'font' || item[0] == 'kanjifont'}
-	  fontconf[4] = fontobj(fontconf[4])
-	  ret.push(fontconf)
+	end
+      end
+    else # ! TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
+      if slot == 'font' || slot == :font || 
+	  slot == 'kanjifont' || slot == :kanjifont
+	conf = tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure', "-#{slot}")))
+	key = conf.shift[1..-1]
+	conf[3] = fontobj(conf[3])
+	{ key => conf }
+      else
+	if slot
+	  case slot.to_s
+	  when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
+	    conf = tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure', "-#{slot}")))
+	  else
+	    conf = tk_split_list(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure', "-#{slot}")))
+	  end
+	  key = conf.shift[1..-1]
+	  { key => conf }
 	else
+	  ret = {}
+	  tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('configure'))).each{|conflist|
+	    conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
+	    key = conf.shift[1..-1]
+	    case key
+	    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
+	    else
+	      if conf[2]
+		if conf[2].index('{')
+		  conf[2] = tk_split_list(conf[2]) 
+		else
+		  conf[2] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[2]) 
+		end
+	      end
+	      if conf[3]
+		if conf[3].index('{')
+		  conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3])
+		else
+		  conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
+		end
+	      end
+	    end
+	    if conf.size == 1
+	      ret[key] = conf[0][1..-1]  # alias info
+	    else
+	      ret[key] = conf
+	    end
+	  }
+	  fontconf = ret['font']
+	  if fontconf
+	    ret.delete('font')
+	    ret.delete('kanjifont')
+	    fontconf[3] = fontobj(fontconf[3])
+	    ret['font'] = fontconf
+	  end
 	  ret
 	end
       end
     end
   end
 
+  def current_configinfo(slot = nil)
+    if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
+      if slot
+	conf = configinfo(slot)
+	{conf[0] => conf[4]}
+      else
+	ret = {}
+	configinfo().each{|conf|
+	  ret[conf[0]] = conf[4] if conf.size > 2
+	}
+	ret
+      end
+    else # ! TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
+      ret = {}
+      configinfo(slot).each{|key, conf|	
+	ret[key] = conf[-1] if conf.kind_of?(Array)
+      }
+      ret
+    end
+  end
+
   def event_generate(context, keys=nil)
     if keys
-      tk_call('event', 'generate', path, 
-	      "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", *hash_kv(keys))
+      #tk_call('event', 'generate', path, 
+      #	      "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", *hash_kv(keys))
+      tk_call_without_enc('event', 'generate', path, 
+			  "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>", 
+			  *hash_kv(keys, true))
     else
-      tk_call('event', 'generate', path, "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>")
+      #tk_call('event', 'generate', path, "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>")
+      tk_call_without_enc('event', 'generate', path, 
+			  "<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>")
     end
   end
 
   def tk_trace_variable(v)
     unless v.kind_of?(TkVariable)
-      fail(ArgumentError, 
-	   Kernel.format("type error (%s); must be TkVariable object", 
-			 v.class))
+      fail(ArgumentError, "type error (#{v.class}); must be TkVariable object")
     end
     v
   end
   private :tk_trace_variable
 
   def destroy
-    # tk_call 'trace', 'vdelete', @tk_vn, 'w', @var_id if @var_id
+    tk_call 'trace', 'vdelete', @tk_vn, 'w', @var_id if @var_id
   end
 end
 
+
 class TkWindow<TkObject
   include TkWinfo
   extend TkBindCore
@@ -3993,6 +2317,10 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
   end
   private :create_self
 
+  def exist?
+    TkWinfo.exist?(self)
+  end
+
   def bind_class
     @db_class || self.class()
   end
@@ -4016,7 +2344,12 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
   end
 
   def pack(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'pack', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    #tk_call_without_enc('pack', epath, *hash_kv(keys, true))
+    if keys
+      TkPack.configure(self, keys)
+    else
+      TkPack.configure(self)
+    end
     self
   end
 
@@ -4027,48 +2360,68 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     else
       keys = {'in'=>target}
     end
-    tk_call 'pack', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    #tk_call 'pack', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    TkPack.configure(self, keys)
     self
   end
 
-  def unpack
-    tk_call 'pack', 'forget', epath
+  def pack_forget
+    #tk_call_without_enc('pack', 'forget', epath)
+    TkPack.forget(self)
     self
   end
-  alias pack_forget unpack
+  alias unpack pack_forget
 
   def pack_config(slot, value=None)
+    #if slot.kind_of? Hash
+    #  tk_call 'pack', 'configure', epath, *hash_kv(slot)
+    #else
+    #  tk_call 'pack', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}", value
+    #end
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_call 'pack', 'configure', epath, *hash_kv(slot)
+      TkPack.configure(self, slot)
     else
-      tk_call 'pack', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}", value
+      TkPack.configure(self, slot=>value)
     end
   end
 
   def pack_info()
-    ilist = list(tk_call('pack', 'info', epath))
-    info = {}
-    while key = ilist.shift
-      info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-    end
-    return info
+    #ilist = list(tk_call('pack', 'info', epath))
+    #info = {}
+    #while key = ilist.shift
+    #  info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
+    #end
+    #return info
+    TkPack.info(self)
   end
 
   def pack_propagate(mode=None)
+    #if mode == None
+    #  bool(tk_call('pack', 'propagate', epath))
+    #else
+    #  tk_call('pack', 'propagate', epath, mode)
+    #  self
+    #end
     if mode == None
-      bool(tk_call('pack', 'propagate', epath))
+      TkPack.propagate(self)
     else
-      tk_call('pack', 'propagate', epath, mode)
+      TkPack.propagate(self, mode)
       self
     end
   end
 
   def pack_slaves()
-    list(tk_call('pack', 'slaves', epath))
+    #list(tk_call('pack', 'slaves', epath))
+    TkPack.slaves(self)
   end
 
   def grid(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'grid', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    #tk_call 'grid', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    if keys
+      TkGrid.configure(self, keys)
+    else
+      TkGrid.configure(self)
+    end
     self
   end
 
@@ -4079,94 +2432,120 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     else
       keys = {'in'=>target}
     end
-    tk_call 'grid', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    #tk_call 'grid', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    TkGrid.configure(self, keys)
     self
   end
 
-  def ungrid
-    tk_call 'grid', 'forget', epath
+  def  grid_forget
+    #tk_call('grid', 'forget', epath)
+    TkGrid.forget(self)
     self
   end
-  alias grid_forget ungrid
+  alias ungrid grid_forget
 
   def grid_bbox(*args)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'bbox', epath, *args))
+    #list(tk_call('grid', 'bbox', epath, *args))
+    TkGrid.bbox(self, *args)
   end
 
   def grid_config(slot, value=None)
+    #if slot.kind_of? Hash
+    #  tk_call 'grid', 'configure', epath, *hash_kv(slot)
+    #else
+    #  tk_call 'grid', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}", value
+    #end
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_call 'grid', 'configure', epath, *hash_kv(slot)
+      TkGrid.configure(self, slot)
     else
-      tk_call 'grid', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}", value
+      TkGrid.configure(self, slot=>value)
     end
   end
 
   def grid_columnconfig(index, keys)
-    tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', epath, index, *hash_kv(keys))
+    #tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', epath, index, *hash_kv(keys))
+    TkGrid.columnconfigure(self, index, keys)
   end
+  alias grid_columnconfigure grid_columnconfig
 
   def grid_rowconfig(index, keys)
-    tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index, *hash_kv(keys))
+    #tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index, *hash_kv(keys))
+    TkGrid.rowconfigure(self, index, keys)
   end
+  alias grid_rowconfigure grid_rowconfig
 
   def grid_columnconfiginfo(index, slot=nil)
-    if slot
-      tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', epath, index, "-#{slot}").to_i
-    else
-      ilist = list(tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', epath, index))
-      info = {}
-      while key = ilist.shift
-	info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-      end
-      info
-    end
+    #if slot
+    #  tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', epath, index, "-#{slot}").to_i
+    #else
+    #  ilist = list(tk_call('grid', 'columnconfigure', epath, index))
+    #  info = {}
+    #  while key = ilist.shift
+    #	info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
+    #  end
+    #  info
+    #end
+    TkGrid.columnconfiginfo(self, index, slot)
   end
 
   def grid_rowconfiginfo(index, slot=nil)
-    if slot
-      tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index, "-#{slot}").to_i
-    else
-      ilist = list(tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index))
-      info = {}
-      while key = ilist.shift
-	info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-      end
-      info
-    end
+    #if slot
+    #  tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index, "-#{slot}").to_i
+    #else
+    #  ilist = list(tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index))
+    #  info = {}
+    #  while key = ilist.shift
+    #	info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
+    #  end
+    #  info
+    #end
+    TkGrid.rowconfiginfo(self, index, slot)
   end
 
   def grid_info()
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'info', epath))
+    #list(tk_call('grid', 'info', epath))
+    TkGrid.info(self)
   end
 
   def grid_location(x, y)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'location', epath, x, y))
+    #list(tk_call('grid', 'location', epath, x, y))
+    TkGrid.location(self, x, y)
   end
 
   def grid_propagate(mode=None)
+    #if mode == None
+    #  bool(tk_call('grid', 'propagate', epath))
+    #else
+    #  tk_call('grid', 'propagate', epath, mode)
+    #  self
+    #end
     if mode == None
-      bool(tk_call('grid', 'propagate', epath))
+      TkGrid.propagete(self)
     else
-      tk_call('grid', 'propagate', epath, mode)
+      TkGrid.propagete(self, mode)
       self
     end
   end
 
   def grid_remove()
-    tk_call 'grid', 'remove', epath
+    #tk_call 'grid', 'remove', epath
+    TkGrid.remove(self)
     self
   end
 
   def grid_size()
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'size', epath))
+    #list(tk_call('grid', 'size', epath))
+    TkGrid.size(self)
   end
 
   def grid_slaves(args)
-    list(tk_call('grid', 'slaves', epath, *hash_kv(args)))
+    #list(tk_call('grid', 'slaves', epath, *hash_kv(args)))
+    TkGrid.slaves(self, args)
   end
 
-  def place(keys = nil)
-    tk_call 'place', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+  def place(keys)
+    #tk_call 'place', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    TkPlace.configure(self, keys)
     self
   end
 
@@ -4177,88 +2556,90 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     else
       keys = {'in'=>target}
     end
-    tk_call 'place', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    #tk_call 'place', epath, *hash_kv(keys)
+    TkPlace.configure(self, keys)
     self
   end
 
-  def unplace
-    tk_call 'place', 'forget', epath
+  def  place_forget
+    #tk_call 'place', 'forget', epath
+    TkPlace.forget(self)
     self
   end
-  alias place_forget unplace
+  alias unplace place_forget
 
   def place_config(slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_call 'place', 'configure', epath, *hash_kv(slot)
-    else
-      tk_call 'place', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}", value
-    end
+    #if slot.kind_of? Hash
+    #  tk_call 'place', 'configure', epath, *hash_kv(slot)
+    #else
+    #  tk_call 'place', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}", value
+    #end
+    TkPlace.configure(self, slot, value)
   end
 
   def place_configinfo(slot = nil)
     # for >= Tk8.4a2 ?
-    if slot
-      conf = tk_split_list(tk_call('place', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}") )
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('place', 
-				  'configure', epath)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	conf
-      }
-    end
+    #if slot
+    #  conf = tk_split_list(tk_call('place', 'configure', epath, "-#{slot}") )
+    #  conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
+    #  conf
+    #else
+    #  tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('place', 
+    #				  'configure', epath)).collect{|conflist|
+    #	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
+    #	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
+    #	conf
+    #  }
+    #end
+    TkPlace.configinfo(slot)
   end
 
   def place_info()
-    ilist = list(tk_call('place', 'info', epath))
-    info = {}
-    while key = ilist.shift
-      info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
-    end
-    return info
+    #ilist = list(tk_call('place', 'info', epath))
+    #info = {}
+    #while key = ilist.shift
+    #  info[key[1..-1]] = ilist.shift
+    #end
+    #return info
+    TkPlace.info(self)
   end
 
   def place_slaves()
-    list(tk_call('place', 'slaves', epath))
+    #list(tk_call('place', 'slaves', epath))
+    TkPlace.slaves(self)
   end
 
-  def focus(force=false)
+  def set_focus(force=false)
     if force
-      tk_call 'focus', '-force', path
+      tk_call_without_enc('focus', '-force', path)
     else
-      tk_call 'focus', path
+      tk_call_without_enc('focus', path)
     end
     self
   end
+  alias focus set_focus
 
-  def grab(*args)
-    if !args or args.length == 0
-      tk_call 'grab', 'set', path
-      self
-    elsif args.length == 1
-      case args[0]
-      when 'global', :global
-	#return(tk_call('grab', 'set', '-global', path))
-	tk_call('grab', 'set', '-global', path)
-	return self
-      when 'release', :release
-	#return tk_call('grab', 'release', path)
-	tk_call('grab', 'release', path)
-	return self
-      else
-	val = tk_call('grab', args[0], path)
-      end
-      case args[0]
-      when 'current', :current
-	return window(val)
-      when 'status', :status
-	return val
-      end
-      self
+  def grab(opt = nil)
+    unless opt
+      tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'set', path)
+      return self
+    end
+
+    case opt
+    when 'global', :global
+      #return(tk_call('grab', 'set', '-global', path))
+      tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'set', '-global', path)
+      return self
+    when 'release', :release
+      #return tk_call('grab', 'release', path)
+      tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'release', path)
+      return self
+    when 'current', :current
+      return window(tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'current', path))
+    when 'status', :status
+      return tk_call_without_enc('grab', 'status', path)
     else
-      fail ArgumentError, 'wrong # of args'
+      return tk_call_without_enc('grab', args[0], path)
     end
   end
 
@@ -4279,20 +2660,30 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
   end
 
   def lower(below=None)
+    # below = below.epath if below.kind_of?(TkObject)
+    below = _epath(below)
     tk_call 'lower', epath, below
     self
   end
   def raise(above=None)
+    #above = above.epath if above.kind_of?(TkObject)
+    above = _epath(above)
     tk_call 'raise', epath, above
     self
   end
 
-  def command(cmd=Proc.new)
-    configure_cmd 'command', cmd
+  def command(cmd=nil, &b)
+    if cmd
+      configure_cmd('command', cmd)
+    elsif b
+      configure_cmd('command', Proc.new(&b))
+    else
+      cget('command')
+    end
   end
 
-  def colormodel model=None
-    tk_call 'tk', 'colormodel', path, model
+  def colormodel(model=None)
+    tk_call('tk', 'colormodel', path, model)
     self
   end
 
@@ -4323,7 +2714,7 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     }
 
     begin
-      tk_call 'destroy', epath
+      tk_call_without_enc('destroy', epath)
     rescue
     end
     uninstall_win
@@ -4333,6 +2724,7 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     if $SAFE >= 4
       fail SecurityError, "can't wait visibility at $SAFE >= 4"
     end
+    on_thread &= (Thread.list.size != 1)
     if on_thread
       INTERP._thread_tkwait('visibility', path)
     else
@@ -4358,6 +2750,7 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     if $SAFE >= 4
       fail SecurityError, "can't wait destroy at $SAFE >= 4"
     end
+    on_thread &= (Thread.list.size != 1)
     if on_thread
       INTERP._thread_tkwait('window', epath)
     else
@@ -4398,6 +2791,7 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
 
   def bindtags=(taglist)
     bindtags(taglist)
+    taglist
   end
 
   def bindtags_shift
@@ -4412,1499 +2806,6 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
   end
 end
 
-class TkRoot<TkWindow
-  include Wm
-
-=begin
-  ROOT = []
-  def TkRoot.new(keys=nil)
-    if ROOT[0]
-      Tk_WINDOWS["."] = ROOT[0]
-      return ROOT[0]
-    end
-    new = super(:without_creating=>true, :widgetname=>'.')
-    if keys  # wm commands
-      keys.each{|k,v|
-	if v.kind_of? Array
-	  new.send(k,*v)
-	else
-	  new.send(k,v)
-	end
-      }
-    end
-    ROOT[0] = new
-    Tk_WINDOWS["."] = new
-  end
-=end
-  def TkRoot.new(keys=nil, &b)
-    unless TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows['.']
-      TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows['.'] = 
-	super(:without_creating=>true, :widgetname=>'.')
-    end
-    root = TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows['.']
-    if keys  # wm commands
-      keys.each{|k,v|
-	if v.kind_of? Array
-	  root.send(k,*v)
-	else
-	  root.send(k,v)
-	end
-      }
-    end
-    root.instance_eval(&b) if block_given?
-    root
-  end
-
-  WidgetClassName = 'Tk'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def create_self
-    @path = '.'
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def path
-    "."
-  end
-
-  def TkRoot.destroy
-    TkCore::INTERP._invoke('destroy', '.')
-  end
-end
-
-class TkToplevel<TkWindow
-  include Wm
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['toplevel'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Toplevel'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-################# old version
-#  def initialize(parent=nil, screen=nil, classname=nil, keys=nil)
-#    if screen.kind_of? Hash
-#      keys = screen.dup
-#    else
-#      @screen = screen
-#    end
-#    @classname = classname
-#    if keys.kind_of? Hash
-#      keys = keys.dup
-#      @classname = keys.delete('classname') if keys.key?('classname')
-#      @colormap  = keys.delete('colormap')  if keys.key?('colormap')
-#      @container = keys.delete('container') if keys.key?('container')
-#      @screen    = keys.delete('screen')    if keys.key?('screen')
-#      @use       = keys.delete('use')       if keys.key?('use')
-#      @visual    = keys.delete('visual')    if keys.key?('visual')
-#    end
-#    super(parent, keys)
-#  end
-#
-#  def create_self
-#    s = []
-#    s << "-class"     << @classname if @classname
-#    s << "-colormap"  << @colormap  if @colormap
-#    s << "-container" << @container if @container
-#    s << "-screen"    << @screen    if @screen 
-#    s << "-use"       << @use       if @use
-#    s << "-visual"    << @visual    if @visual
-#    tk_call 'toplevel', @path, *s
-#  end
-#################
-
-  def _wm_command_option_chk(keys)
-    keys = {} unless keys
-    new_keys = {}
-    wm_cmds = {}
-    keys.each{|k,v|
-      if Wm.method_defined?(k)
-	case k
-	when 'screen','class','colormap','container','use','visual'
-	  new_keys[k] = v
-	else
-	  case self.method(k).arity
-	  when -1,1
-	    wm_cmds[k] = v
-	  else
-	    new_keys[k] = v
-	  end
-	end
-      else
-	new_keys[k] = v
-      end
-    }
-    [new_keys, wm_cmds]
-  end
-  private :_wm_command_option_chk
-
-  def initialize(parent=nil, screen=nil, classname=nil, keys=nil)
-    my_class_name = nil
-    if self.class < WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName]
-      my_class_name = self.class.name
-      my_class_name = nil if my_class_name == ''
-    end
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-      if keys.key?('classname')
-	keys['class'] = keys.delete('classname')
-      end
-      @classname = keys['class']
-      @colormap  = keys['colormap']
-      @container = keys['container']
-      @screen    = keys['screen']
-      @use       = keys['use']
-      @visual    = keys['visual']
-      if !@classname && my_class_name
-	keys['class'] = @classname = my_class_name 
-      end
-      if @classname.kind_of? TkBindTag
-	@db_class = @classname
-	@classname = @classname.id
-      elsif @classname
-	@db_class = TkDatabaseClass.new(@classname)
-      else
-	@db_class = self.class
-	@classname = @db_class::WidgetClassName
-      end
-      keys, cmds = _wm_command_option_chk(keys)
-      super(keys)
-      cmds.each{|k,v| 
-	if v.kind_of? Array
-	  self.send(k,*v)
-	else
-	  self.send(k,v)
-	end
-      }
-      return
-    end
-
-    if screen.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = screen
-    else
-      @screen = screen
-      if classname.kind_of? Hash
-	keys = classname
-      else
-	@classname = classname
-      end
-    end
-    if keys.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-      if keys.key?('classname')
-	keys['class'] = keys.delete('classname')
-      end
-      @classname = keys['class']  unless @classname
-      @colormap  = keys['colormap']
-      @container = keys['container']
-      @screen    = keys['screen'] unless @screen
-      @use       = keys['use']
-      @visual    = keys['visual']
-    else
-      keys = {}
-    end
-    if !@classname && my_class_name
-      keys['class'] = @classname = my_class_name 
-    end
-    if @classname.kind_of? TkBindTag
-      @db_class = @classname
-      @classname = @classname.id
-    elsif @classname
-      @db_class = TkDatabaseClass.new(@classname)
-    else
-      @db_class = self.class
-      @classname = @db_class::WidgetClassName
-    end
-    keys, cmds = _wm_command_option_chk(keys)
-    super(parent, keys)
-    cmds.each{|k,v| 
-      if v.kind_of? Array
-	self.send(k,*v)
-      else
-	self.send(k,v)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'toplevel', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'toplevel', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def specific_class
-    @classname
-  end
-
-  def self.database_class
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      self
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.database_classname
-    self.database_class.name
-  end
-
-  def self.bind(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bind(*args)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.bind_append(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bind_append(*args)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.bind_remove(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bind_remove(*args)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.bindinfo(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bindinfo(*args)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class TkFrame<TkWindow
-  TkCommandNames = ['frame'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Frame'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-################# old version
-#  def initialize(parent=nil, keys=nil)
-#    if keys.kind_of? Hash
-#      keys = keys.dup
-#      @classname = keys.delete('classname') if keys.key?('classname')
-#      @colormap  = keys.delete('colormap')  if keys.key?('colormap')
-#      @container = keys.delete('container') if keys.key?('container')
-#      @visual    = keys.delete('visual')    if keys.key?('visual')
-#    end
-#    super(parent, keys)
-#  end
-#
-#  def create_self
-#    s = []
-#    s << "-class"     << @classname if @classname
-#    s << "-colormap"  << @colormap  if @colormap
-#    s << "-container" << @container if @container
-#    s << "-visual"    << @visual    if @visual
-#    tk_call 'frame', @path, *s
-#  end
-#################
-
-  def initialize(parent=nil, keys=nil)
-    my_class_name = nil
-    if self.class < WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName]
-      my_class_name = self.class.name
-      my_class_name = nil if my_class_name == ''
-    end
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-    else
-      if keys
-        keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-        keys['parent'] = parent
-      else
-        keys = {'parent'=>parent}
-      end
-    end
-    if keys.key?('classname')
-       keys['class'] = keys.delete('classname')
-    end
-    @classname = keys['class']
-    @colormap  = keys['colormap']
-    @container = keys['container']
-    @visual    = keys['visual']
-    if !@classname && my_class_name
-      keys['class'] = @classname = my_class_name
-    end
-    if @classname.kind_of? TkBindTag
-      @db_class = @classname
-      @classname = @classname.id
-    elsif @classname
-      @db_class = TkDatabaseClass.new(@classname)
-    else
-      @db_class = self.class
-      @classname = @db_class::WidgetClassName
-    end
-    super(keys)
-  end
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'frame', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'frame', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def database_classname
-    @classname
-  end
-
-  def self.database_class
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      self
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.database_classname
-    self.database_class.name
-  end
-
-  def self.bind(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bind(*args)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.bind_append(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bind_append(*args)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.bind_remove(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bind_remove(*args)
-    end
-  end
-  def self.bindinfo(*args)
-    if self == WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] || self.name == ''
-      super(*args)
-    else
-      TkDatabaseClass.new(self.name).bindinfo(*args)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class TkLabelFrame<TkFrame
-  TkCommandNames = ['labelframe'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Labelframe'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'labelframe', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'labelframe', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-TkLabelframe = TkLabelFrame
-
-class TkPanedWindow<TkWindow
-  TkCommandNames = ['panedwindow'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Panedwindow'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'panedwindow', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'panedwindow', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def add(*args)
-    keys = args.pop
-    fail ArgumentError, "no window in arguments" unless keys
-    if keys && keys.kind_of?(Hash)
-      fail ArgumentError, "no window in arguments" if args == []
-      args = args.collect{|w| w.epath}
-      args.push(hash_kv(keys))
-    else
-      args.push(keys) if keys
-      args = args.collect{|w| w.epath}
-    end
-    tk_send('add', *args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def forget(win, *wins)
-    tk_send('forget', win.epath, *(wins.collect{|w| w.epath}))
-    self
-  end
-  alias del forget
-  alias delete forget
-  alias remove forget
-
-  def identify(x, y)
-    list(tk_send('identify', x, y))
-  end
-
-  def proxy_coord
-    list(tk_send('proxy', 'coord'))
-  end
-  def proxy_forget
-    tk_send('proxy', 'forget')
-    self
-  end
-  def proxy_place(x, y)
-    tk_send('proxy', 'place', x, y)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def sash_coord(index)
-    list(tk_send('sash', 'coord', index))
-  end
-  def sash_dragto(index)
-    tk_send('sash', 'dragto', index, x, y)
-    self
-  end
-  def sash_mark(index, x, y)
-    tk_send('sash', 'mark', index, x, y)
-    self
-  end
-  def sash_place(index, x, y)
-    tk_send('sash', 'place', index, x, y)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def panecget(win, key)
-    tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('panecget', win.epath, "-#{key}"))
-  end
-
-  def paneconfigure(win, key, value=nil)
-    if key.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_send('paneconfigure', win.epath, *hash_kv(key))
-    else
-      tk_send('paneconfigure', win.epath, "-#{key}", value)
-    end
-    self
-  end
-  alias pane_config paneconfigure
-
-  def paneconfiginfo(win, key=nil)
-    if key
-      conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('paneconfigure', win.epath, "-#{key}"))
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('paneconfigure', 
-				  win.epath)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	if conf[3]
-	  if conf[3].index('{')
-	    conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	  else
-	    conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	  end
-	end
-	if conf[4]
-	  if conf[4].index('{')
-	    conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	  else
-	    conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-    end
-  end
-  alias pane_configinfo paneconfiginfo
-
-  def panes
-    list(tk_send('panes'))
-  end
-end
-TkPanedwindow = TkPanedWindow
-
-class TkLabel<TkWindow
-  TkCommandNames = ['label'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Label'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'label', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'label', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def textvariable(v)
-    configure 'textvariable', tk_trace_variable(v)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkButton<TkLabel
-  TkCommandNames = ['button'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Button'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'button', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'button', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def invoke
-    tk_send 'invoke'
-  end
-  def flash
-    tk_send 'flash'
-    self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkRadioButton<TkButton
-  TkCommandNames = ['radiobutton'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Radiobutton'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'radiobutton', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'radiobutton', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def deselect
-    tk_send 'deselect'
-    self
-  end
-  def select
-    tk_send 'select'
-    self
-  end
-  def variable(v)
-    configure 'variable', tk_trace_variable(v)
-  end
-end
-TkRadiobutton = TkRadioButton
-
-class TkCheckButton<TkRadioButton
-  TkCommandNames = ['checkbutton'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Checkbutton'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'checkbutton', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'checkbutton', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def toggle
-    tk_send 'toggle'
-    self
-  end
-end
-TkCheckbutton = TkCheckButton
-
-class TkMessage<TkLabel
-  TkCommandNames = ['message'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Message'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'message', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'message', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkScale<TkWindow
-  TkCommandNames = ['scale'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Scale'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      if keys.key?('command')
-	cmd = keys.delete('command')
-	keys['command'] = proc{|val| cmd.call(val.to_f)}
-      end
-      tk_call 'scale', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'scale', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def _wrap_command_arg(cmd)
-    proc{|val|
-      if val.kind_of?(String)
-	cmd.call(number(val))
-      else
-	cmd.call(val)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-  private :_wrap_command_arg
-
-  def configure_cmd(slot, value)
-    configure(slot=>value)
-  end
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    if (slot == 'command' || slot == :command)
-      configure('command'=>value)
-    elsif slot.kind_of?(Hash) && 
-	(slot.key?('command') || slot.key?(:command))
-      slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
-      slot['command'] = _wrap_command_arg(slot.delete('command'))
-    end
-    super(slot, value)
-  end
-
-  def command(cmd=Proc.new)
-    configure('command'=>cmd)
-  end
-
-  def get(x=None, y=None)
-    number(tk_send('get', x, y))
-  end
-
-  def coords(val=None)
-    tk_split_list(tk_send('coords', val))
-  end
-
-  def identify(x, y)
-    tk_send('identify', x, y)
-  end
-
-  def set(val)
-    tk_send("set", val)
-  end
-
-  def value
-    get
-  end
-
-  def value= (val)
-    set(val)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkScrollbar<TkWindow
-  TkCommandNames = ['scrollbar'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Scrollbar'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    @assigned = []
-    @scroll_proc = proc{|*args| 
-      if self.orient == 'horizontal'
-	@assigned.each{|w| w.xview(*args)}
-      else # 'vertical'
-	@assigned.each{|w| w.yview(*args)}
-      end
-    }
-
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'scrollbar', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'scrollbar', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def assign(*wins)
-    begin
-      self.command(@scroll_proc) if self.cget('command').cmd != @scroll_proc
-    rescue Exception
-      self.command(@scroll_proc)
-    end
-    orient = self.orient
-    wins.each{|w|
-      @assigned << w unless @assigned.index(w)
-      if orient == 'horizontal'
-	w.xscrollcommand proc{|first, last| self.set(first, last)}
-      else # 'vertical'
-	w.yscrollcommand proc{|first, last| self.set(first, last)}
-      end
-    }
-    self
-  end
-
-  def assigned_list
-    begin
-      return @assigned.dup if self.cget('command').cmd == @scroll_proc
-    rescue Exception
-    end
-    fail RuntimeError, "not depend on the assigned_list"
-  end
-
-  def delta(deltax=None, deltay=None)
-    number(tk_send('delta', deltax, deltay))
-  end
-
-  def fraction(x=None, y=None)
-    number(tk_send('fraction', x, y))
-  end
-
-  def identify(x, y)
-    tk_send('identify', x, y)
-  end
-
-  def get
-    ary1 = tk_send('get').split
-    ary2 = []
-    for i in ary1
-      ary2.push number(i)
-    end
-    ary2
-  end
-
-  def set(first, last)
-    tk_send "set", first, last
-    self
-  end
-
-  def activate(element=None)
-    tk_send('activate', element)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkXScrollbar<TkScrollbar
-  def create_self(keys)
-    keys = {} unless keys
-    keys['orient'] = 'horizontal'
-    super(keys)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkYScrollbar<TkScrollbar
-  def create_self(keys)
-    keys = {} unless keys
-    keys['orient'] = 'vertical'
-    super(keys)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkTextWin<TkWindow
-  def create_self
-    fail RuntimeError, "TkTextWin is an abstract class"
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def bbox(index)
-    list(tk_send('bbox', index))
-  end
-  def delete(first, last=None)
-    tk_send 'delete', first, last
-    self
-  end
-  def get(*index)
-    tk_send 'get', *index
-  end
-  def insert(index, *args)
-    tk_send 'insert', index, *args
-    self
-  end
-  def scan_mark(x, y)
-    tk_send 'scan', 'mark', x, y
-    self
-  end
-  def scan_dragto(x, y)
-    tk_send 'scan', 'dragto', x, y
-    self
-  end
-  def see(index)
-    tk_send 'see', index
-    self
-  end
-end
-
-module TkTreatListItemFont
-  include TkTreatItemFont
-
-  ItemCMD = ['itemconfigure'.freeze, TkComm::None].freeze
-  def __conf_cmd(idx)
-    ItemCMD[idx]
-  end
-
-  def __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    self.path + ';' + tagOrId.to_s
-  end
-
-  private :__conf_cmd, :__item_pathname
-end
-
-class TkListbox<TkTextWin
-  include TkTreatListItemFont
-  include Scrollable
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['listbox'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Listbox'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'listbox', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'listbox', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def activate(y)
-    tk_send 'activate', y
-    self
-  end
-  def curselection
-    list(tk_send('curselection'))
-  end
-  def get(*index)
-    v = tk_send('get', *index)
-    if index.size == 1
-      v
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(v)
-    end
-  end
-  def nearest(y)
-    tk_send('nearest', y).to_i
-  end
-  def size
-    tk_send('size').to_i
-  end
-  def selection_anchor(index)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'anchor', index
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_clear(first, last=None)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'clear', first, last
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_includes(index)
-    bool(tk_send('selection', 'includes', index))
-  end
-  def selection_set(first, last=None)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'set', first, last
-    self
-  end
-
-  def index(index)
-    tk_send('index', index).to_i
-  end
-
-  def itemcget(index, key)
-    case key.to_s
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show'
-      tk_send('itemcget', index, "-#{key}")
-    when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('itemcget', index, "-#{key}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('itemcget', index, '-font'))
-      unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fnt = tagfontobj(index, fnt)
-      end
-      if key.to_s == 'kanjifont' && JAPANIZED_TK && TK_VERSION =~ /^4\.*/
-	# obsolete; just for compatibility
-	fnt.kanji_font
-      else
-	fnt
-      end
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('itemcget', index, "-#{key}"))
-    end
-  end
-  def itemconfigure(index, key, val=None)
-    if key.kind_of? Hash
-      if (key['font'] || key[:font] || 
-          key['kanjifont'] || key[:kanjifont] || 
-	  key['latinfont'] || key[:latinfont] || 
-          key['asciifont'] || key[:asciifont] )
-	tagfont_configure(index, _symbolkey2str(key))
-      else
-	tk_send 'itemconfigure', index, *hash_kv(key)
-      end
-
-    else
-      if (key == 'font' || key == :font || 
-          key == 'kanjifont' || key == :kanjifont || 
-	  key == 'latinfont' || key == :latinfont || 
-          key == 'asciifont' || key == :asciifont )
-	if val == None
-	  tagfontobj(index)
-	else
-	  tagfont_configure(index, {key=>val})
-	end
-      else
-	tk_call 'itemconfigure', index, "-#{key}", val
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def itemconfiginfo(index, key=nil)
-    if key
-      case key.to_s
-      when 'text', 'label', 'show'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure',index,"-#{key}"))
-      when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure',index,"-#{key}") )
-	conf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(index, conf[4])
-      else
-	conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('itemconfigure',index,"-#{key}"))
-      end
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      ret = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure', 
-					index)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	case conf[0]
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show'
-	else
-	  if conf[3]
-	    if conf[3].index('{')
-	      conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	  if conf[4]
-	    if conf[4].index('{')
-	      conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-      fontconf = ret.assoc('font')
-      if fontconf
-	ret.delete_if{|item| item[0] == 'font' || item[0] == 'kanjifont'}
-	fontconf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(index, fontconf[4])
-	ret.push(fontconf)
-      else
-	ret
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-module TkTreatMenuEntryFont
-  include TkTreatItemFont
-
-  ItemCMD = ['entryconfigure'.freeze, TkComm::None].freeze
-  def __conf_cmd(idx)
-    ItemCMD[idx]
-  end
-  
-  def __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    self.path + ';' + tagOrId.to_s
-  end
-
-  private :__conf_cmd, :__item_pathname
-end
-
-class TkMenu<TkWindow
-  include TkTreatMenuEntryFont
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['menu'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Menu'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'menu', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'menu', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def activate(index)
-    tk_send 'activate', index
-    self
-  end
-  def add(type, keys=nil)
-    tk_send 'add', type, *hash_kv(keys)
-    self
-  end
-  def add_cascade(keys=nil)
-    add('cascade', keys)
-  end
-  def add_checkbutton(keys=nil)
-    add('checkbutton', keys)
-  end
-  def add_command(keys=nil)
-    add('command', keys)
-  end
-  def add_radiobutton(keys=nil)
-    add('radiobutton', keys)
-  end
-  def add_separator(keys=nil)
-    add('separator', keys)
-  end
-  def index(index)
-    ret = tk_send('index', index)
-    (ret == 'none')? nil: number(ret)
-  end
-  def invoke(index)
-    tk_send 'invoke', index
-  end
-  def insert(index, type, keys=nil)
-    tk_send 'insert', index, type, *hash_kv(keys)
-    self
-  end
-  def delete(index, last=None)
-    tk_send 'delete', index, last
-    self
-  end
-  def popup(x, y, index=None)
-    tk_call('tk_popup', path, x, y, index)
-    self
-  end
-  def post(x, y)
-    tk_send 'post', x, y
-    self
-  end
-  def postcascade(index)
-    tk_send 'postcascade', index
-    self
-  end
-  def postcommand(cmd=Proc.new)
-    configure_cmd 'postcommand', cmd
-    self
-  end
-  def set_focus
-    tk_call('tk_menuSetFocus', path)
-  end
-  def tearoffcommand(cmd=Proc.new)
-    configure_cmd 'tearoffcommand', cmd
-    self
-  end
-  def menutype(index)
-    tk_send 'type', index
-  end
-  def unpost
-    tk_send 'unpost'
-  end
-  def yposition(index)
-    number(tk_send('yposition', index))
-  end
-  def entrycget(index, key)
-    case key.to_s
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show'
-      tk_send 'entrycget', index, "-#{key}"
-    when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('entrycget', index, "-#{key}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('entrycget', index, '-font'))
-      unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fnt = tagfontobj(index, fnt)
-      end
-      if key.to_s == 'kanjifont' && JAPANIZED_TK && TK_VERSION =~ /^4\.*/
-	# obsolete; just for compatibility
-	fnt.kanji_font
-      else
-	fnt
-      end
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('entrycget', index, "-#{key}"))
-    end
-  end
-  def entryconfigure(index, key, val=None)
-    if key.kind_of? Hash
-      if (key['font'] || key[:font] || 
-          key['kanjifont'] || key[:kanjifont] || 
-	  key['latinfont'] || key[:latinfont] || 
-          key['asciifont'] || key[:asciifont])
-	tagfont_configure(index, _symbolkey2str(key))
-      else
-	tk_send 'entryconfigure', index, *hash_kv(key)
-      end
-
-    else
-      if (key == 'font' || key == :font || 
-          key == 'kanjifont' || key == :kanjifont || 
-	  key == 'latinfont' || key == :latinfont || 
-          key == 'asciifont' || key == :asciifont )
-	if val == None
-	  tagfontobj(index)
-	else
-	  tagfont_configure(index, {key=>val})
-	end
-      else
-	tk_call 'entryconfigure', index, "-#{key}", val
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def entryconfiginfo(index, key=nil)
-    if key
-      case key.to_s
-      when 'text', 'label', 'show'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('entryconfigure',index,"-#{key}"))
-      when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('entryconfigure',index,"-#{key}"))
-	conf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(index, conf[4])
-      else
-	conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('entryconfigure',index,"-#{key}"))
-      end
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      ret = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('entryconfigure', 
-					index)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	case conf[0]
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show'
-	else
-	  if conf[3]
-	    if conf[3].index('{')
-	      conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	  if conf[4]
-	    if conf[4].index('{')
-	      conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-      if fontconf
-	ret.delete_if{|item| item[0] == 'font' || item[0] == 'kanjifont'}
-	  fontconf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(index, fontconf[4])
-	ret.push(fontconf)
-      else
-	ret
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class TkMenuClone<TkMenu
-  def initialize(parent, type=None)
-    widgetname = nil
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-      parent = keys.delete('parent')
-      widgetname = keys.delete('widgetname')
-      type = keys.delete('type'); type = None unless type
-    end
-    unless parent.kind_of?(TkMenu)
-      fail ArgumentError, "parent must be TkMenu"
-    end
-    @parent = parent
-    install_win(@parent.path, widgetname)
-    tk_call @parent.path, 'clone', @path, type
-  end
-end
-
-module TkSystemMenu
-  def initialize(parent, keys=nil)
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-      parent = keys.delete('parent')
-    end
-    unless parent.kind_of? TkMenu
-      fail ArgumentError, "parent must be a TkMenu object"
-    end
-    @path = Kernel.format("%s.%s", parent.path, self.class::SYSMENU_NAME)
-    #TkComm::Tk_WINDOWS[@path] = self
-    TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[@path] = self
-    if self.method(:create_self).arity == 0
-      p 'create_self has no arg' if $DEBUG
-      create_self
-      configure(keys) if keys
-    else
-      p 'create_self has an arg' if $DEBUG
-      create_self(keys)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class TkSysMenu_Help<TkMenu
-  # for all platform
-  include TkSystemMenu
-  SYSMENU_NAME = 'help'
-end
-
-class TkSysMenu_System<TkMenu
-  # for Windows
-  include TkSystemMenu
-  SYSMENU_NAME = 'system'
-end
-
-class TkSysMenu_Apple<TkMenu
-  # for Machintosh
-  include TkSystemMenu
-  SYSMENU_NAME = 'apple'
-end
-
-class TkMenubutton<TkLabel
-  TkCommandNames = ['menubutton'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Menubutton'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'menubutton', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'menubutton', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkOptionMenubutton<TkMenubutton
-  TkCommandNames = ['tk_optionMenu'.freeze].freeze
-
-  class OptionMenu<TkMenu
-    def initialize(path)  #==> return value of tk_optionMenu
-      @path = path
-      #TkComm::Tk_WINDOWS[@path] = self
-      TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[@path] = self
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent=nil, var=TkVariable.new, firstval=nil, *vals)
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-       keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-       parent = keys['parent']
-       var = keys['variable'] if keys['variable']
-       firstval, *vals = keys['values']
-    end
-    fail 'variable option must be TkVariable' unless var.kind_of? TkVariable
-    @variable = var
-    firstval = @variable.value unless firstval
-    @variable.value = firstval
-    install_win(if parent then parent.path end)
-    @menu = OptionMenu.new(tk_call('tk_optionMenu', @path, @variable.id, 
-				   firstval, *vals))
-  end
-
-  def value
-    @variable.value
-  end
-
-  def activate(index)
-    @menu.activate(index)
-    self
-  end
-  def add(value)
-    @menu.add('radiobutton', 'variable'=>@variable, 
-	      'label'=>value, 'value'=>value)
-    self
-  end
-  def index(index)
-    @menu.index(index)
-  end
-  def invoke(index)
-    @menu.invoke(index)
-  end
-  def insert(index, value)
-    @menu.add(index, 'radiobutton', 'variable'=>@variable, 
-	      'label'=>value, 'value'=>value)
-    self
-  end
-  def delete(index, last=None)
-    @menu.delete(index, last)
-    self
-  end
-  def yposition(index)
-    @menu.yposition(index)
-  end
-  def menu
-    @menu
-  end
-  def menucget(key)
-    @menu.cget(key)
-  end
-  def menuconfigure(key, val=None)
-    @menu.configure(key, val)
-    self
-  end
-  def menuconfiginfo(key=nil)
-    @menu.configinfo(key)
-  end
-  def entrycget(index, key)
-    @menu.entrycget(index, key)
-  end
-  def entryconfigure(index, key, val=None)
-    @menu.entryconfigure(index, key, val)
-    self
-  end
-  def entryconfiginfo(index, key=nil)
-    @menu.entryconfiginfo(index, key)
-  end
-end
-
-module TkComposite
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  def initialize(parent=nil, *args)
-    @delegates = {} 
-
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-      parent = keys.delete('parent')
-      @frame = TkFrame.new(parent)
-      @delegates['DEFAULT'] = @frame
-      @path = @epath = @frame.path
-      initialize_composite(keys)
-    else
-      @frame = TkFrame.new(parent)
-      @delegates['DEFAULT'] = @frame
-      @path = @epath = @frame.path
-      initialize_composite(*args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def epath
-    @epath
-  end
-
-  def initialize_composite(*args) end
-  private :initialize_composite
-
-  def delegate(option, *wins)
-    if @delegates[option].kind_of?(Array)
-      for i in wins
-	@delegates[option].push(i)
-      end
-    else
-      @delegates[option] = wins
-    end
-  end
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      slot.each{|slot,value| configure slot, value}
-    else
-      if @delegates and @delegates[slot]
-	for i in @delegates[slot]
-	  if not i
-	    i = @delegates['DEFALUT']
-	    redo
-	  else
-	    last = i.configure(slot, value)
-	  end
-	end
-	last
-      else
-	super
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-module TkClipboard
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['clipboard'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def self.clear(win=nil)
-    if win
-      tk_call 'clipboard', 'clear', '-displayof', win
-    else
-      tk_call 'clipboard', 'clear'
-    end
-  end
-  def self.clear_on_display(win)
-    tk_call 'clipboard', 'clear', '-displayof', win
-  end
-
-  def self.get(type=nil)
-    if type
-      tk_call 'clipboard', 'get', '-type', type
-    else
-      tk_call 'clipboard', 'get'
-    end
-  end
-  def self.get_on_display(win, type=nil)
-    if type
-      tk_call 'clipboard', 'get', '-displayof', win, '-type', type
-    else
-      tk_call 'clipboard', 'get', '-displayof', win
-    end
-  end
-
-  def self.set(data, keys=nil)
-    clear
-    append(data, keys)
-  end
-  def self.set_on_display(win, data, keys=nil)
-    clear(win)
-    append_on_display(win, data, keys)
-  end
-
-  def self.append(data, keys=nil)
-    args = ['clipboard', 'append']
-    args += hash_kv(keys)
-    args += ['--', data]
-    tk_call(*args)
-  end
-  def self.append_on_display(win, data, keys=nil)
-    args = ['clipboard', 'append', '-displayof', win]
-    args += hash_kv(keys)
-    args += ['--', data]
-    tk_call(*args)
-  end
-
-  def clear
-    TkClipboard.clear_on_display(self)
-    self
-  end
-  def get(type=nil)
-    TkClipboard.get_on_display(self, type)
-  end
-  def set(data, keys=nil)
-    TkClipboard.set_on_display(self, data, keys)
-    self
-  end
-  def append(data, keys=nil)
-    TkClipboard.append_on_display(self, data, keys)
-    self
-  end
-end
-
-# widget_destroy_hook
-require 'tkvirtevent'
-TkBindTag::ALL.bind(TkVirtualEvent.new('Destroy'), proc{|xpath| 
-		      path = xpath[1..-1]
-		      if (widget = TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[path])
-			if widget.respond_to?(:__destroy_hook__)
-			  begin
-			    widget.__destroy_hook__
-			  rescue Exception
-			  end
-			end
-		      end
-		    }, 'x%W')
 
 # freeze core modules
 #TclTkLib.freeze
@@ -5916,27 +2817,11 @@ TkBindTag::ALL.bind(TkVirtualEvent.new('Destroy'), proc{|xpath|
 #TkCore.freeze
 #Tk.freeze
 
-# autoload
-autoload :TkCanvas, 'tkcanvas'
-autoload :TkImage, 'tkcanvas'
-autoload :TkBitmapImage, 'tkcanvas'
-autoload :TkPhotoImage, 'tkcanvas'
-autoload :TkEntry, 'tkentry'
-autoload :TkSpinbox, 'tkentry'
-autoload :TkText, 'tktext'
-autoload :TkDialog, 'tkdialog'
-autoload :TkDialog2, 'tkdialog'
-autoload :TkWarning, 'tkdialog'
-autoload :TkWarning2, 'tkdialog'
-autoload :TkMenubar, 'tkmenubar'
-autoload :TkAfter, 'tkafter'
-autoload :TkTimer, 'tkafter'
-autoload :TkPalette, 'tkpalette'
-autoload :TkFont, 'tkfont'
-autoload :TkBgError, 'tkbgerror'
-autoload :TkManageFocus, 'tkmngfocus'
-autoload :TkPalette, 'tkpalette'
-autoload :TkWinDDE, 'tkwinpkg'
-autoload :TkWinRegistry, 'tkwinpkg'
-autoload :TkMacResource, 'tkmacpkg'
-autoload :TkConsole, 'tkconsole'
+module Tk
+  autoload :AUTO_PATH,        'tk/variable'
+  autoload :TCL_PACKAGE_PATH, 'tk/variable'
+  autoload :PACKAGE_PATH,     'tk/variable'
+  autoload :TCL_LIBRARY_PATH, 'tk/variable'
+  autoload :LIBRARY_PATH,     'tk/variable'
+  autoload :TCL_PRECISION,    'tk/variable'
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb
index 53e78b880..f65945884 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb
@@ -1,414 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkafter.rb : methods for Tcl/Tk after command
+#   tkafter.rb - load tk/after.rb
 #
-#   $Id$
-#
-require 'tk'
-
-class TkTimer
-  include TkCore
-  extend TkCore
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['after'.freeze].freeze
-
-  Tk_CBID = ['a'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
-  Tk_CBTBL = {}.taint
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_after', 'id', <<-'EOL')
-    if {[set st [catch {ruby [format "TkTimer.callback %%Q!%s!" $id]} ret]] != 0} {
-	return -code $st $ret
-    } {
-	return $ret
-    }
-  EOL
-
-
-  ###############################
-  # class methods
-  ###############################
-  def self.callback(obj_id)
-    @after_id = nil
-    ex_obj = Tk_CBTBL[obj_id]
-    return "" if ex_obj == nil; # canceled
-    ex_obj.cb_call
-  end
-
-  def self.info
-    tk_call('after', 'info').split(' ').collect!{|id|
-      ret = Tk_CBTBL.find{|key,val| val.after_id == id}
-      (ret == nil)? id: ret[1]
-    }
-  end
-
-  ###############################
-  # instance methods
-  ###############################
-  def do_callback
-    @in_callback = true
-    begin
-      @return_value = @current_proc.call(self)
-    rescue Exception => e
-      if @cancel_on_exception
-	cancel
-	@return_value = e
-	return e
-      else
-	fail e
-      end
-    end
-    if @set_next
-      set_next_callback(@current_args)
-    else
-      @set_next = true
-    end
-    @in_callback = false
-    @return_value
-  end
-
-  def set_callback(sleep, args=nil)
-    @after_script = "rb_after #{@id}"
-    @after_id = tk_call('after', sleep, @after_script)
-    @current_args = args
-    @current_script = [sleep, @after_script]
-    self
-  end
-
-  def set_next_callback(args)
-    if @running == false || @proc_max == 0 || @do_loop == 0
-      Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
-      @running = false
-      @wait_var.value = 0
-      return
-    end
-    if @current_pos >= @proc_max
-      if @do_loop < 0 || (@do_loop -= 1) > 0
-	@current_pos = 0
-      else
-	Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
-	@running = false
-	@wait_var.value = 0
-	return
-      end
-    end
-
-    @current_args = args
-
-    if @sleep_time.kind_of? Proc
-      sleep = @sleep_time.call(self)
-    else
-      sleep = @sleep_time
-    end
-    @current_sleep = sleep
-
-    cmd, *cmd_args = @loop_proc[@current_pos]
-    @current_pos += 1
-    @current_proc = cmd
-
-    set_callback(sleep, cmd_args)
-  end
-
-  def initialize(*args)
-    @id = Tk_CBID.join
-    Tk_CBID[1].succ!
-
-    @wait_var = TkVariable.new(0)
-
-    @cb_cmd = TkCore::INTERP.get_cb_entry(self.method(:do_callback))
-
-    @set_next = true
-
-    @init_sleep = 0
-    @init_proc = nil
-    @init_args = []
-
-    @current_script = []
-    @current_proc = nil
-    @current_args = nil
-    @return_value = nil
-
-    @sleep_time = 0
-    @current_sleep = 0
-    @loop_exec = 0
-    @do_loop = 0
-    @loop_proc = []
-    @proc_max = 0
-    @current_pos = 0
-
-    @after_id = nil
-    @after_script = nil
-
-    @cancel_on_exception = true
-
-    set_procs(*args) if args != []
-
-    @running = false
-    @in_callback = false
-  end
-
-  attr :after_id
-  attr :after_script
-  attr :current_proc
-  attr :current_args
-  attr :current_sleep
-  alias :current_interval :current_sleep
-  attr :return_value
-
-  attr_accessor :loop_exec
-
-  def cb_call
-    @cb_cmd.call
-  end
-
-  def get_procs
-    [@init_sleep, @init_proc, @init_args, @sleep_time, @loop_exec, @loop_proc]
-  end
-
-  def current_status
-    [@running, @current_sleep, @current_proc, @current_args, 
-      @do_loop, @cancel_on_exception]
-  end
-
-  def cancel_on_exception?
-    @cancel_on_exception
-  end
-
-  def cancel_on_exception=(mode)
-    @cancel_on_exception = mode
-    self
-  end
-
-  def running?
-    @running
-  end
-
-  def loop_rest
-    @do_loop
-  end
-
-  def loop_rest=(rest)
-    @do_loop = rest
-    self
-  end
-
-  def set_procs(interval, loop_exec, *procs)
-    if !interval == 'idle' \
-       && !interval.kind_of?(Integer) && !interval.kind_of?(Proc)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be Integer or Proc", interval.inspect)
-    end
-    @sleep_time = interval
-
-    @loop_proc = []
-    procs.each{|e|
-      if e.kind_of? Proc
-	@loop_proc.push([e])
-      else
-	@loop_proc.push(e)
-      end
-    }
-    @proc_max = @loop_proc.size
-    @current_pos = 0
-
-    @do_loop = 0
-    if loop_exec
-      if loop_exec.kind_of?(Integer) && loop_exec < 0
-	@loop_exec = -1
-      elsif loop_exec == nil || loop_exec == false || loop_exec == 0
-	@loop_exec = 1
-      else
-	if not loop_exec.kind_of?(Integer)
-	  fail Kernel.format("%s need to be Integer", loop_exec.inspect)
-	end
-	@loop_exec = loop_exec
-      end
-      @do_loop = @loop_exec
-    end
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def add_procs(*procs)
-    procs.each{|e|
-      if e.kind_of? Proc
-	@loop_proc.push([e])
-      else
-	@loop_proc.push(e)
-      end
-    }
-    @proc_max = @loop_proc.size
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def delete_procs(*procs)
-    procs.each{|e|
-      if e.kind_of? Proc
-	@loop_proc.delete([e])
-      else
-	@loop_proc.delete(e)
-      end
-    }
-    @proc_max = @loop_proc.size
-
-    cancel if @proc_max == 0
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def delete_at(n)
-    @loop_proc.delete_at(n)
-    @proc_max = @loop_proc.size
-    cancel if @proc_max == 0
-    self
-  end
-
-  def set_start_proc(sleep, init_proc, *init_args)
-    if !sleep == 'idle' && !sleep.kind_of?(Integer)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be Integer", sleep.inspect)
-    end
-    @init_sleep = sleep
-    @init_proc = init_proc
-    @init_args = init_args
-    self
-  end
-
-  def start(*init_args)
-    return nil if @running
-
-    Tk_CBTBL[@id] = self
-    @do_loop = @loop_exec
-    @current_pos = 0
-
-    argc = init_args.size
-    if argc > 0
-      sleep = init_args.shift
-      if !sleep == 'idle' && !sleep.kind_of?(Integer)
-	fail Kernel.format("%s need to be Integer", sleep.inspect)
-      end
-      @init_sleep = sleep
-    end
-    @init_proc = init_args.shift if argc > 1
-    @init_args = init_args if argc > 0
-
-    @current_sleep = @init_sleep
-    @running = true
-    if @init_proc
-      if not @init_proc.kind_of? Proc
-	fail Kernel.format("%s need to be Proc", @init_proc.inspect)
-      end
-      @current_proc = @init_proc
-      set_callback(@init_sleep, @init_args)
-      @set_next = false if @in_callback
-    else
-      set_next_callback(@init_args)
-    end
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def reset(*reset_args)
-    restart() if @running
-
-    if @init_proc
-      @return_value = @init_proc.call(self)
-    else
-      @return_value = nil
-    end
-
-    @current_pos   = 0
-    @current_args  = @init_args
-    @set_next = false if @in_callback
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def restart(*restart_args)
-    cancel if @running
-    if restart_args == []
-      start(@init_sleep, @init_proc, *@init_args)
-    else
-      start(*restart_args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def cancel
-    @running = false
-    @wait_var.value = 0
-    tk_call 'after', 'cancel', @after_id if @after_id
-    @after_id = nil
-    Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
-    self
-  end
-  alias stop cancel
-
-  def continue(wait=nil)
-    fail RuntimeError, "is already running" if @running
-    sleep, cmd = @current_script
-    fail RuntimeError, "no procedure to continue" unless cmd
-    if wait
-      if not wait.kind_of? Integer
-	fail RuntimeError, Kernel.format("%s need to be Integer", wait.inspect)
-      end
-      sleep = wait
-    end
-    Tk_CBTBL[@id] = self
-    @running = true
-    @after_id = tk_call('after', sleep, cmd)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def skip
-    fail RuntimeError, "is not running now" unless @running
-    cancel
-    Tk_CBTBL[@id] = self
-    @running = true
-    set_next_callback(@current_args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def info
-    if @after_id
-      inf = tk_split_list(tk_call('after', 'info', @after_id))
-      [Tk_CBTBL[inf[0][1]], inf[1]]
-    else
-      nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def wait(on_thread = true, check_root = false)
-    if $SAFE >= 4
-      fail SecurityError, "can't wait timer at $SAFE >= 4"
-    end
-
-    unless @running
-      if @return_value.kind_of?(Exception)
-	fail @return_value 
-      else
-	return @return_value 
-      end
-    end
-
-    @wait_var.wait(on_thread, check_root)
-    if @return_value.kind_of?(Exception)
-      fail @return_value 
-    else
-      @return_value 
-    end
-  end
-  def eventloop_wait(check_root = false)
-    wait(false, check_root)
-  end
-  def thread_wait(check_root = false)
-    wait(true, check_root)
-  end
-  def tkwait(on_thread = true)
-    wait(on_thread, true)
-  end
-  def eventloop_tkwait
-    wait(false, true)
-  end
-  def thread_tkwait
-    wait(true, true)
-  end
-end
-
-TkAfter = TkTimer
+require 'tk/timer'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkbgerror.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkbgerror.rb
index 760a3901b..deba7a57f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkbgerror.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkbgerror.rb
@@ -1,29 +1,4 @@
 #
-#  tkbgerror -- bgerror ( tkerror ) module
-#                     1998/07/16 by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+#   tkbgerror.rb - load tk/bgerror.rb
 #
-require 'tk'
-
-module TkBgError
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['bgerror'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def bgerror(message)
-    tk_call 'bgerror', message
-  end
-  alias tkerror bgerror
-  alias show bgerror
-  module_function :bgerror, :tkerror, :show
-
-  def set_handler(hdlr = Proc.new) #==> handler :: proc{|msg| ...body... }
-    tk_call('proc', 'bgerror', 'msg', install_cmd(hdlr) + ' $msg')
-  end
-  def set_default
-    begin
-      tk_call('rename', 'bgerror', '')
-    rescue RuntimeError
-    end
-  end
-  module_function :set_handler, :set_default
-end
+require 'tk/bgerror'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb
index ccb02c056..952461429 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb
@@ -1,1021 +1,4 @@
 #
-#		tkcanvas.rb - Tk canvas classes
-#			$Date$
-#			by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
-#			$Date$
-#			by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-require "tk"
-require 'tkfont'
-
-module TkTreatCItemFont
-  include TkTreatItemFont
-
-  ItemCMD = ['itemconfigure'.freeze, TkComm::None].freeze
-  def __conf_cmd(idx)
-    ItemCMD[idx]
-  end
-
-  def __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    if tagOrId.kind_of?(TkcItem) || tagOrId.kind_of?(TkcTag)
-      self.path + ';' + tagOrId.id.to_s
-    else
-      self.path + ';' + tagOrId.to_s
-    end
-  end
-
-  private :__conf_cmd, :__item_pathname
-end
-
-class TkCanvas<TkWindow
-  include TkTreatCItemFont
-  include Scrollable
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['canvas'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Canvas'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def __destroy_hook__
-    TkcItem::CItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
-  end
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'canvas', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'canvas', @path
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def tagid(tag)
-    if tag.kind_of?(TkcItem) || tag.kind_of?(TkcTag)
-      tag.id
-    else
-      tag
-    end
-  end
-  private :tagid
-
-  def addtag(tag, mode, *args)
-    tk_send 'addtag', tagid(tag), mode, *args
-    self
-  end
-  def addtag_above(tagOrId, target)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'above', tagid(target))
-  end
-  def addtag_all(tagOrId)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'all')
-  end
-  def addtag_below(tagOrId, target)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'below', tagid(target))
-  end
-  def addtag_closest(tagOrId, x, y, halo=None, start=None)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'closest', x, y, halo, start)
-  end
-  def addtag_enclosed(tagOrId, x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
-  end
-  def addtag_overlapping(tagOrId, x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
-  end
-  def addtag_withtag(tagOrId, tag)
-    addtag(tagOrId, 'withtag', tagid(tag))
-  end
-
-  def bbox(tagOrId, *tags)
-    list(tk_send('bbox', tagid(tagOrId), *tags.collect{|t| tagid(t)}))
-  end
-
-  def itembind(tag, context, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    _bind([path, "bind", tagid(tag)], context, cmd, args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def itembind_append(tag, context, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    _bind_append([path, "bind", tagid(tag)], context, cmd, args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def itembind_remove(tag, context)
-    _bind_remove([path, "bind", tagid(tag)], context)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def itembindinfo(tag, context=nil)
-    _bindinfo([path, "bind", tagid(tag)], context)
-  end
-
-  def canvasx(x, *args)
-    tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('canvasx', x, *args))
-  end
-  def canvasy(y, *args)
-    tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('canvasy', y, *args))
-  end
-
-  def coords(tag, *args)
-    if args == []
-      tk_split_list(tk_send('coords', tagid(tag)))
-    else
-      tk_send('coords', tagid(tag), *(args.flatten))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def dchars(tag, first, last=None)
-    tk_send 'dchars', tagid(tag), first, last
-    self
-  end
-
-  def delete(*args)
-    if TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path]
-      find('withtag', *args).each{|item| 
-	TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path].delete(item.id)
-      }
-    end
-    tk_send 'delete', *args.collect{|t| tagid(t)}
-    self
-  end
-  alias remove delete
-
-  def dtag(tag, tag_to_del=None)
-    tk_send 'dtag', tagid(tag), tag_to_del
-    self
-  end
-
-  def find(mode, *args)
-    list(tk_send('find', mode, *args)).collect!{|id| 
-      TkcItem.id2obj(self, id)
-    }
-  end
-  def find_above(target)
-    find('above', tagid(target))
-  end
-  def find_all
-    find('all')
-  end
-  def find_below(target)
-    find('below', tagid(target))
-  end
-  def find_closest(x, y, halo=None, start=None)
-    find('closest', x, y, halo, start)
-  end
-  def find_enclosed(x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    find('enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
-  end
-  def find_overlapping(x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    find('overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
-  end
-  def find_withtag(tag)
-    find('withtag', tag)
-  end
-
-  def itemfocus(tagOrId=nil)
-    if tagOrId
-      tk_send 'focus', tagid(tagOrId)
-      self
-    else
-      ret = tk_send('focus')
-      if ret == ""
-	nil
-      else
-	TkcItem.id2obj(self, ret)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def gettags(tagOrId)
-    list(tk_send('gettags', tagid(tagOrId))).collect{|tag|
-      TkcTag.id2obj(self, tag)
-    }
-  end
-
-  def icursor(tagOrId, index)
-    tk_send 'icursor', tagid(tagOrId), index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def index(tagOrId, index)
-    number(tk_send('index', tagid(tagOrId), index))
-  end
-
-  def insert(tagOrId, index, string)
-    tk_send 'insert', tagid(tagOrId), index, string
-    self
-  end
-
-  def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
-    case option.to_s
-    when 'dash', 'activedash', 'disableddash'
-      conf = tk_send('itemcget', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{option}")
-      if conf =~ /^[0-9]/
-	list(conf)
-      else
-	conf
-      end
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file', 'maskdata', 'maskfile'
-      tk_send 'itemcget', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{option}"
-    when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('itemcget', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{option}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('itemcget', tagid(tagOrId), '-font'))
-      unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fnt = tagfontobj(tagid(tagOrId), fnt)
-      end
-      if option.to_s == 'kanjifont' && JAPANIZED_TK && TK_VERSION =~ /^4\.*/
-	# obsolete; just for compatibility
-	fnt.kanji_font
-      else
-	fnt
-      end
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby tk_send('itemcget', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{option}")
-    end
-  end
-
-  def itemconfigure(tagOrId, key, value=None)
-    if key.kind_of? Hash
-      key = _symbolkey2str(key)
-      if ( key['font'] || key['kanjifont'] \
-	  || key['latinfont'] || key['asciifont'] )
-	tagfont_configure(tagid(tagOrId), key.dup)
-      else
-	tk_send 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), *hash_kv(key)
-      end
-
-    else
-      if ( key == 'font' || key == :font || 
-           key == 'kanjifont' || key == :kanjifont || 
-	   key == 'latinfont' || key == :latinfont || 
-           key == 'asciifont' || key == :asciifont )
-	if value == None
-	  tagfontobj(tagid(tagOrId))
-	else
-	  tagfont_configure(tagid(tagOrId), {key=>value})
-	end
-      else
-	tk_send 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}", value
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
-#  def itemconfigure(tagOrId, key, value=None)
-#    if key.kind_of? Hash
-#      tk_send 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), *hash_kv(key)
-#    else
-#      tk_send 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}", value
-#    end
-#  end
-#  def itemconfigure(tagOrId, keys)
-#    tk_send 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), *hash_kv(keys)
-#  end
-
-  def itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, key=nil)
-    if key
-      case key.to_s
-      when 'dash', 'activedash', 'disableddash'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure', 
-					   tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}"))
-	if conf[3] && conf[3] =~ /^[0-9]/
-	  conf[3] = list(conf[3])
-	end
-	if conf[4] && conf[4] =~ /^[0-9]/
-	  conf[4] = list(conf[4])
-	end
-      when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file', 'maskdata', 'maskfile'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure', 
-					   tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}"))
-      when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure',
-					   tagid(tagOrId),"-#{key}") )
-	conf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(tagid(tagOrId), conf[4])
-      else
-	conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('itemconfigure', 
-				     tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}"))
-      end
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      ret = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('itemconfigure', 
-					tagid(tagOrId))).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	case conf[0]
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file', 'maskdata', 'maskfile'
-	when 'dash', 'activedash', 'disableddash'
-	  if conf[3] && conf[3] =~ /^[0-9]/
-	    conf[3] = list(conf[3])
-	  end
-	  if conf[4] && conf[4] =~ /^[0-9]/
-	    conf[4] = list(conf[4])
-	  end
-	else
-	  if conf[3]
-	    if conf[3].index('{')
-	      conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	  if conf[4]
-	    if conf[4].index('{')
-	      conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-      fontconf = ret.assoc('font')
-      if fontconf
-	ret.delete_if{|item| item[0] == 'font' || item[0] == 'kanjifont'}
-	fontconf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(tagid(tagOrId), fontconf[4])
-	ret.push(fontconf)
-      else
-	ret
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def lower(tag, below=None)
-    tk_send 'lower', tagid(tag), tagid(below)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def move(tag, x, y)
-    tk_send 'move', tagid(tag), x, y
-    self
-  end
-
-  def postscript(keys)
-    tk_send "postscript", *hash_kv(keys)
-  end
-
-  def raise(tag, above=None)
-    tk_send 'raise', tagid(tag), tagid(above)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def scale(tag, x, y, xs, ys)
-    tk_send 'scale', tagid(tag), x, y, xs, ys
-    self
-  end
-
-  def scan_mark(x, y)
-    tk_send 'scan', 'mark', x, y
-    self
-  end
-  def scan_dragto(x, y)
-    tk_send 'scan', 'dragto', x, y
-    self
-  end
-
-  def select(mode, *args)
-    r = tk_send('select', mode, *args)
-    (mode == 'item')? TkcItem.id2obj(self, r): self
-  end
-  def select_adjust(tagOrId, index)
-    select('adjust', tagid(tagOrId), index)
-  end
-  def select_clear
-    select('clear')
-  end
-  def select_from(tagOrId, index)
-    select('from', tagid(tagOrId), index)
-  end
-  def select_item
-    select('item')
-  end
-  def select_to(tagOrId, index)
-    select('to', tagid(tagOrId), index)
-  end
-
-  def itemtype(tag)
-    TkcItem.type2class(tk_send('type', tagid(tag)))
-  end
-end
-
-module TkcTagAccess
-  include TkComm
-  include TkTreatTagFont
-
-  def addtag(tag)
-    @c.addtag(tag, 'with', @id)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bbox
-    @c.bbox(@id)
-  end
-
-  def bind(seq, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    @c.itembind @id, seq, cmd, args
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bind_append(seq, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    @c.itembind_append @id, seq, cmd, args
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bind_remove(seq)
-    @c.itembind_remove @id, seq
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bindinfo(seq=nil)
-    @c.itembindinfo @id, seq
-  end
-
-  def cget(option)
-    @c.itemcget @id, option
-  end
-
-  def configure(key, value=None)
-    @c.itemconfigure @id, key, value
-    self
-  end
-#  def configure(keys)
-#    @c.itemconfigure @id, keys
-#  end
-
-  def configinfo(key=nil)
-    @c.itemconfiginfo @id, key
-  end
-
-  def coords(*args)
-    @c.coords @id, *args
-  end
-
-  def dchars(first, last=None)
-    @c.dchars @id, first, last
-    self
-  end
-
-  def dtag(tag_to_del=None)
-    @c.dtag @id, tag_to_del
-    self
-  end
-
-  def find
-    @c.find 'withtag', @id
-  end
-  alias list find
-
-  def focus
-    @c.itemfocus @id
-  end
-
-  def gettags
-    @c.gettags @id
-  end
-
-  def icursor(index)
-    @c.icursor @id, index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def index(index)
-    @c.index @id, index
-  end
-
-  def insert(beforethis, string)
-    @c.insert @id, beforethis, string
-    self
-  end
-
-  def lower(belowthis=None)
-    @c.lower @id, belowthis
-    self
-  end
-
-  def move(xamount, yamount)
-    @c.move @id, xamount, yamount
-    self
-  end
-
-  def raise(abovethis=None)
-    @c.raise @id, abovethis
-    self
-  end
-
-  def scale(xorigin, yorigin, xscale, yscale)
-    @c.scale @id, xorigin, yorigin, xscale, yscale
-    self
-  end
-
-  def select_adjust(index)
-    @c.select('adjust', @id, index)
-    self
-  end
-  def select_from(index)
-    @c.select('from', @id, index)
-    self
-  end
-  def select_to(index)
-    @c.select('to', @id, index)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def itemtype
-    @c.itemtype @id
-  end
-
-  # Following operators support logical expressions of canvas tags
-  # (for Tk8.3+).
-  # If tag1.path is 't1' and tag2.path is 't2', then
-  #      ltag = tag1 & tag2; ltag.path => "(t1)&&(t2)"
-  #      ltag = tag1 | tag2; ltag.path => "(t1)||(t2)"
-  #      ltag = tag1 ^ tag2; ltag.path => "(t1)^(t2)"
-  #      ltag = - tag1;      ltag.path => "!(t1)"
-  def & (tag)
-    if tag.kind_of? TkObject
-      TkcTagString.new(@c, '(' + @id + ')&&(' + tag.path + ')')
-    else
-      TkcTagString.new(@c, '(' + @id + ')&&(' + tag.to_s + ')')
-    end
-  end
-
-  def | (tag)
-    if tag.kind_of? TkObject
-      TkcTagString.new(@c, '(' + @id + ')||(' + tag.path + ')')
-    else
-      TkcTagString.new(@c, '(' + @id + ')||(' + tag.to_s + ')')
-    end
-  end
-
-  def ^ (tag)
-    if tag.kind_of? TkObject
-      TkcTagString.new(@c, '(' + @id + ')^(' + tag.path + ')')
-    else
-      TkcTagString.new(@c, '(' + @id + ')^(' + tag.to_s + ')')
-    end
-  end
-
-  def -@
-    TkcTagString.new(@c, '!(' + @id + ')')
-  end
-end
-
-class TkcTag<TkObject
-  include TkcTagAccess
-
-  CTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_CanvasTag_ID = ['ctag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ CTagID_TBL.clear }
-
-  def TkcTag.id2obj(canvas, id)
-    cpath = canvas.path
-    return id unless CTagID_TBL[cpath]
-    CTagID_TBL[cpath][id]? CTagID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, mode=nil, *args)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkCanvas", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @c = parent
-    @cpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = Tk_CanvasTag_ID.join
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    Tk_CanvasTag_ID[1].succ!
-    if mode
-      tk_call @c.path, "addtag", @id, mode, *args
-    end
-  end
-  def id
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def delete
-    @c.delete @id
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath].delete(@id) if CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    self
-  end
-  alias remove  delete
-  alias destroy delete
-
-  def set_to_above(target)
-    @c.addtag_above(@id, target)
-    self
-  end
-  alias above set_to_above
-
-  def set_to_all
-    @c.addtag_all(@id)
-    self
-  end
-  alias all set_to_all
-
-  def set_to_below(target)
-    @c.addtag_below(@id, target)
-    self
-  end
-  alias below set_to_below
-
-  def set_to_closest(x, y, halo=None, start=None)
-    @c.addtag_closest(@id, x, y, halo, start)
-    self
-  end
-  alias closest set_to_closest
-
-  def set_to_enclosed(x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    @c.addtag_enclosed(@id, x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    self
-  end
-  alias enclosed set_to_enclosed
-
-  def set_to_overlapping(x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    @c.addtag_overlapping(@id, x1, y1, x2, y2)
-    self
-  end
-  alias overlapping set_to_overlapping
-
-  def set_to_withtag(target)
-    @c.addtag_withtag(@id, target)
-    self
-  end
-  alias withtag set_to_withtag
-end
-
-class TkcTagString<TkcTag
-  def self.new(parent, name, *args)
-    if CTagID_TBL[parent.path] && CTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      return CTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-    else
-      super(parent, name, *args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, name, mode=nil, *args)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkCanvas", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @c = parent
-    @cpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = name
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    if mode
-      tk_call @c.path, "addtag", @id, mode, *args
-    end
-  end
-end
-TkcNamedTag = TkcTagString
-
-class TkcTagAll<TkcTag
-  def initialize(parent)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkCanvas", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @c = parent
-    @cpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = 'all'
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkcTagCurrent<TkcTag
-  def initialize(parent)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkCanvas", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @c = parent
-    @cpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = 'current'
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkcGroup<TkcTag
-  Tk_cGroup_ID = ['tkcg'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
-  def create_self(parent, *args)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkCanvas", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @c = parent
-    @cpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = Tk_cGroup_ID.join
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    Tk_cGroup_ID[1].succ!
-    add(*args) if args != []
-  end
-  private :create_self
-  
-  def include(*tags)
-    for i in tags
-      i.addtag @id
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def exclude(*tags)
-    for i in tags
-      i.delete @id
-    end
-    self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkcItem<TkObject
-  include TkcTagAccess
-
-  CItemTypeToClass = {}
-  CItemID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ CItemID_TBL.clear }
-
-  def TkcItem.type2class(type)
-    CItemTypeToClass[type]
-  end
-
-  def TkcItem.id2obj(canvas, id)
-    cpath = canvas.path
-    return id unless CItemID_TBL[cpath]
-    CItemID_TBL[cpath][id]? CItemID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, *args)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkCanvas", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @parent = @c = parent
-    @path = parent.path
-    fontkeys = {}
-    if args.size == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Hash)
-      args[0] = _symbolkey2str(args[0])
-      coords = args[0].delete('coords')
-      if not coords.kind_of?(Array)
-        fail "coords parameter must be given by an Array"
-      end
-      args[0,0] = coords.flatten
-    end
-    if args[-1].kind_of? Hash
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(args.pop)
-      ['font', 'kanjifont', 'latinfont', 'asciifont'].each{|key|
-	fontkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
-      }
-      args += hash_kv(keys)
-    end
-    @id = create_self(*args).to_i ;# 'canvas item id' is integer number
-    CItemID_TBL[@path] = {} unless CItemID_TBL[@path]
-    CItemID_TBL[@path][@id] = self
-    configure(fontkeys) unless fontkeys.empty?
-
-######## old version
-#    if args[-1].kind_of? Hash
-#      keys = args.pop
-#    end
-#    @id = create_self(*args).to_i ;# 'canvas item id' is integer number
-#    CItemID_TBL[@path] = {} unless CItemID_TBL[@path]
-#    CItemID_TBL[@path][@id] = self
-#    if keys
-#      # tk_call @path, 'itemconfigure', @id, *hash_kv(keys)
-#      configure(keys) if keys
-#    end
-########
-  end
-  def create_self(*args); end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def id
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def delete
-    @c.delete @id
-    CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
-    self
-  end
-  alias remove  delete
-  alias destroy delete
-end
-
-class TkcArc<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['arc'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'arc', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcBitmap<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['bitmap'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'bitmap', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcImage<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['image'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'image', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcLine<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['line'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'line', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcOval<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['oval'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'oval', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcPolygon<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['polygon'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'polygon', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcRectangle<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['rectangle'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'rectangle', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcText<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['text'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'text', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkcWindow<TkcItem
-  CItemTypeToClass['window'] = self
-  def create_self(*args)
-    keys = args.pop
-    if keys && keys.kind_of?(Hash)
-      keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-      win = keys['window']
-      keys['window'] = win.epath if win.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-    end
-    args.push(keys) if keys
-    tk_call(@path, 'create', 'window', *args)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class TkImage<TkObject
-  include Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['image'.freeze].freeze
-
-  Tk_IMGTBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_Image_ID = ['i'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ Tk_IMGTBL.clear }
-
-  def initialize(keys=nil)
-    @path = Tk_Image_ID.join
-    Tk_Image_ID[1].succ!
-    tk_call 'image', 'create', @type, @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    Tk_IMGTBL[@path] = self
-  end
-
-  def delete
-    Tk_IMGTBL.delete(@id) if @id
-    tk_call('image', 'delete', @path)
-    self
-  end
-  def height
-    number(tk_call('image', 'height', @path))
-  end
-  def inuse
-    bool(tk_call('image', 'inuse', @path))
-  end
-  def itemtype
-    tk_call('image', 'type', @path)
-  end
-  def width
-    number(tk_call('image', 'width', @path))
-  end
-
-  def TkImage.names
-    Tk.tk_call('image', 'names').split.collect!{|id|
-      (Tk_IMGTBL[id])? Tk_IMGTBL[id] : id
-    }
-  end
-
-  def TkImage.types
-    Tk.tk_call('image', 'types').split
-  end
-end
-
-class TkBitmapImage<TkImage
-  def initialize(*args)
-    @type = 'bitmap'
-    super
-  end
-end
-
-class TkPhotoImage<TkImage
-  def initialize(*args)
-    @type = 'photo'
-    super
-  end
-
-  def blank
-    tk_send 'blank'
-    self
-  end
-
-  def cget(option)
-    case option.to_s
-    when 'data', 'file'
-      tk_send 'cget', option
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby tk_send('cget', option)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def copy(source, *opts)
-    args = opts.collect{|term|
-      if term.kind_of?(String) && term.include?(?\s)
-	term.split
-      else
-	term
-      end
-    }.flatten
-
-    tk_send 'copy', source, *args
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def data(keys=nil)
-    tk_send('data', *hash_kv(keys))
-  end
-
-  def get(x, y)
-    tk_send('get', x, y).split.collect{|n| n.to_i}
-  end
-
-  def put(data, *to)
-    if to == []
-      tk_send 'put', data
-    else
-      tk_send 'put', data, '-to', *to
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def read(file, *opts)
-    args = opts.collect{|term|
-      if term.kind_of?(String) && term.include?(?\s)
-	term.split
-      else
-	term
-      end
-    }.flatten
-  
-    tk_send 'read', file, *args
-
-    self
-  end
-
-  def redither
-    tk_send 'redither'
-    self
-  end
-
-  def get_transparency(x, y)
-    bool(tk_send('transparency', 'get', x, y))
-  end
-  def set_transparency(x, y, st)
-    tk_send('transparency', 'set', x, y, st)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def write(file, *opts)
-    args = opts.collect{|term|
-      if term.kind_of?(String) && term.include?(?\s)
-	term.split
-      else
-	term
-      end
-    }.flatten
-  
-    tk_send 'write', file, *args
-
-    self
-  end
-end
+#   tkcanvas.rb - load tk/canvas.rb
+#
+require 'tk/canvas'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkconsole.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkconsole.rb
index d97df159f..9960ddb8a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkconsole.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkconsole.rb
@@ -1,28 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkconsole.rb : control the console on system without a real console
+#   tkconsole.rb - load tk/console.rb
 #
-require 'tk'
-
-module TkConsole
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['console'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def self.title(str=None)
-    tk_call 'console', str
-  end
-  def self.hide
-    tk_call 'console', 'hide'
-  end
-  def self.show
-    tk_call 'console', 'show'
-  end
-  def self.eval(tcl_script)
-    #
-    # supports a Tcl script only
-    # I have no idea to support a Ruby script seamlessly.
-    #
-    tk_call 'console', 'eval', tcl_script
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/console'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb
index a581f3bec..bec5e5d29 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb
@@ -1,276 +1,4 @@
-require "tk"
-
-class TkDialog2 < TkWindow
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['tk_dialog'.freeze].freeze
-
-  def self.show(*args)
-    dlog = self.new(*args)
-    dlog.show
-    dlog
-  end
-
-  def _set_button_config(configs)
-    set_config = proc{|c,i|
-      if $VERBOSE && (c.has_key?('command') || c.has_key?(:command))
-	STDERR.print("Warning: cannot give a command option " + 
-		     "to the dialog button#{i}. It was removed.\n")
-      end
-      c.delete('command'); c.delete(:command)
-      @config << Kernel.format("%s.button%s configure %s; ", 
-			       @path, i, hash_kv(c).join(' '))
-    }
-    case configs
-    when Proc
-      @buttons.each_index{|i|
-	if (c = configs.call(i)).kind_of? Hash
-	  set_config.call(c,i)
-	end
-      }
-
-    when Array
-      @buttons.each_index{|i|
-	if (c = configs[i]).kind_of? Hash
-	  set_config.call(c,i)
-	end
-      }
-
-    when Hash
-      @buttons.each_with_index{|s,i|
-	if (c = configs[s]).kind_of? Hash
-	  set_config.call(c,i)
-	end
-      }
-    end
-    @config = 'after idle {' + @config + '};' if @config != ""
-  end
-  private :_set_button_config
-
-  # initialize tk_dialog
-  def create_self(keys)
-    @var = TkVariable.new
-
-    @title   = title
-
-    @message = message
-    @message_config = message_config
-    @msgframe_config = msgframe_config
-
-    @bitmap  = bitmap
-    @bitmap_config = message_config
-
-    @default_button = default_button
-
-    @buttons = buttons
-    @button_configs = proc{|num| button_configs(num)}
-    @btnframe_config = btnframe_config
-
-    #@config = "puts [winfo children .w0000];"
-    @config = ""
-
-    @command = nil
-
-    if keys.kind_of? Hash
-      @title   = keys['title'] if keys.key? 'title'
-      @message = keys['message'] if keys.key? 'message'
-      @bitmap  = keys['bitmap'] if keys.key? 'bitmap'
-      @bitmap  = '{}' if @bitmap == nil || @bitmap == ""
-      @default_button = keys['default'] if keys.key? 'default'
-      @buttons = keys['buttons'] if keys.key? 'buttons'
-
-      @command = keys['prev_command']
-
-      @message_config = keys['message_config'] if keys.key? 'message_config'
-      @msgframe_config = keys['msgframe_config'] if keys.key? 'msgframe_config'
-      @bitmap_config  = keys['bitmap_config']  if keys.key? 'bitmap_config'
-      @button_configs = keys['button_configs'] if keys.key? 'button_configs'
-      @btnframe_config = keys['btnframe_config'] if keys.key? 'btnframe_config'
-    end
-
-    if @title.include? ?\s
-      @title = '{' + @title + '}'
-    end
-
-    if @buttons.kind_of? Array
-      _set_button_config(@buttons.collect{|cfg| 
-			   (cfg.kind_of? Array)? cfg[1]: nil})
-      @buttons = @buttons.collect{|cfg| (cfg.kind_of? Array)? cfg[0]: cfg}
-    end
-    if @buttons.kind_of? Hash 
-      _set_button_config(@buttons)
-      @buttons = @buttons.keys
-    end
-    @buttons = tk_split_simplelist(@buttons) if @buttons.kind_of? String
-    @buttons = @buttons.collect{|s|
-      if s.kind_of? Array
-	s = s.join(' ')
-      end
-      if s.include? ?\s
-	'{' + s + '}'
-      else
-	s
-      end
-    }
-
-    if @message_config.kind_of? Hash
-      @config << Kernel.format("%s.msg configure %s;", 
-			       @path, hash_kv(@message_config).join(' '))
-    end
-
-    if @msgframe_config.kind_of? Hash
-      @config << Kernel.format("%s.top configure %s;", 
-			       @path, hash_kv(@msgframe_config).join(' '))
-    end
-
-    if @btnframe_config.kind_of? Hash
-      @config << Kernel.format("%s.bot configure %s;", 
-			       @path, hash_kv(@btnframe_config).join(' '))
-    end
-
-    if @bitmap_config.kind_of? Hash
-      @config << Kernel.format("%s.bitmap configure %s;", 
-			       @path, hash_kv(@bitmap_config).join(' '))
-    end
-
-    _set_button_config(@button_configs) if @button_configs
-
-    if @command.kind_of? Proc
-      @command.call(self)
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def show
-    if @default_button.kind_of? String
-      default_button = @buttons.index(@default_button)
-    else
-      default_button = @default_button
-    end
-    default_button = '{}' if default_button == nil
-    Tk.ip_eval('eval {global '+@var.id+';'+@config+
-	       'set '+@var.id+' [tk_dialog '+ 
-	       @path+" "+@title+" {#{@message}} "+@bitmap+" "+
-	       String(default_button)+" "+@buttons.join(' ')+']}')
-  end
-
-  def value
-    return @var.value.to_i
-  end
-  ######################################################
-  #                                                    #
-  # these methods must be overridden for each dialog   #
-  #                                                    #
-  ######################################################
-  private
-
-  def title
-    # returns a title string of the dialog window
-    return "DIALOG"
-  end
-  def message
-    # returns a message text to display on the dialog
-    return "MESSAGE"
-  end
-  def message_config
-    # returns a Hash {option=>value, ...} for the message text
-    return nil
-  end
-  def msgframe_config
-    # returns a Hash {option=>value, ...} for the message text frame
-    return nil
-  end
-  def bitmap
-    # returns a bitmap name or a bitmap file path 
-    # (@ + path ; e.g. '@/usr/share/bitmap/sample.xbm')
-    return "info"
-  end
-  def bitmap_config
-    # returns nil or a Hash {option=>value, ...} for the bitmap
-    return nil
-  end
-  def default_button
-    # returns a default button's number or name
-    # if nil or null string, set no-default
-    return 0
-  end
-  def buttons
-    #return "BUTTON1 BUTTON2"
-    return ["BUTTON1", "BUTTON2"]
-  end
-  def button_configs(num)
-    # returns nil / Proc / Array or Hash (see _set_button_config)
-    return nil
-  end
-  def btnframe_config
-    # returns nil or a Hash {option=>value, ...} for the button frame
-    return nil
-  end
-end
-
-
 #
-# TkDialog : with showing at initialize
+#   tkdialog.rb - load tk/dialog.rb
 #
-class TkDialog < TkDialog2
-  def self.show(*args)
-    self.new(*args)
-  end
-
-  def initialize(*args)
-    super(*args)
-    show
-  end
-end
-
-
-#
-# dialog for warning
-#
-class TkWarning2 < TkDialog2
-  def initialize(parent = nil, mes = nil)
-    if !mes
-      if parent.kind_of? TkWindow
-	mes = ""
-      else
-	mes = parent.to_s
-	parent = nil
-      end
-    end
-    super(parent, :message=>mes)
-  end
-
-  def show(mes = nil)
-    mes_bup = @message
-    @message = mes if mes
-    ret = super()
-    @message = mes_bup
-    ret
-  end
-
-  #######
-  private
-
-  def title
-    return "WARNING";
-  end
-  def bitmap
-    return "warning";
-  end
-  def default_button
-    return 0;
-  end
-  def buttons
-    return "OK";
-  end
-end
-
-class TkWarning < TkWarning2
-  def self.show(*args)
-    self.new(*args)
-  end
-  def initialize(*args)
-    super(*args)
-    show
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/dialog'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb
index fe9a7b627..2dcfcab5d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb
@@ -1,292 +1,4 @@
 #
-#		tkentry.rb - Tk entry classes
-#			$Date$
-#			by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
-
-require 'tk.rb'
-
-class TkEntry<TkLabel
-  include Scrollable
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['entry'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Entry'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  class ValidateCmd
-    include TkComm
-
-    module Action
-      Insert = 1
-      Delete = 0
-      Others = -1
-      Focus  = -1
-      Forced = -1
-      Textvariable = -1
-      TextVariable = -1
-    end
-
-    class ValidateArgs
-      VARG_KEY  = 'disvPSVW'
-      VARG_TYPE = 'nxeseesw'
-
-      def self.scan_args(arg_str, arg_val)
-	enc = Tk.encoding
-	arg_cnv = []
-	arg_str.strip.split(/\s+/).each_with_index{|kwd,idx|
-	  if kwd =~ /^%(.)$/
-	    if num = VARG_KEY.index($1)
-	      case VARG_TYPE[num]
-	      when ?n
-		arg_cnv << TkComm::number(arg_val[idx])
-	      when ?s
-		arg_cnv << TkComm::string(arg_val[idx])
-	      when ?e
-		if enc
-		  arg_cnv << Tk.fromUTF8(TkComm::string(arg_val[idx]), enc)
-		else
-		  arg_cnv << TkComm::string(arg_val[idx])
-		end
-	      when ?w
-		arg_cnv << TkComm::window(arg_val[idx])
-	      when ?x
-		idx = TkComm::number(arg_val[idx])
-		if idx < 0
-		  arg_cnv << nil
-		else
-		  arg_cnv << idx
-		end
-	      else
-		arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	      end
-	    else
-	      arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	    end
-	  else
-	    arg_cnv << arg_val[idx]
-	  end
-	}
-	arg_cnv
-      end
-
-      def initialize(d,i,s,v,pp,ss,vv,ww)
-	@action = d
-	@index = i
-	@current = s
-	@type = v
-	@value = pp
-	@string = ss
-	@triggered = vv
-	@widget = ww
-      end
-      attr :action
-      attr :index
-      attr :current
-      attr :type
-      attr :value
-      attr :string
-      attr :triggered
-      attr :widget
-    end
-
-    def initialize(cmd = Proc.new, args=nil)
-      if args
-	@id = 
-	  install_cmd(proc{|*arg|
-			TkUtil.eval_cmd(proc{|*v| (cmd.call(*v))? '1': '0'}, 
-					*ValidateArgs.scan_args(args, arg))
-		      }) + " " + args
-      else
-	args = ' %d %i %s %v %P %S %V %W'
-	@id = 
-	  install_cmd(proc{|*arg|
-			TkUtil.eval_cmd(proc{|*v| (cmd.call(*v))? '1': '0'}, 
-					ValidateArgs.new(*ValidateArgs \
-							 .scan_args(args,arg)))
-	  }) + args
-      end
-    end
-
-    def to_eval
-      @id
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    tk_call 'entry', @path
-    if keys and keys != None
-      configure(keys)
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
-      if slot['vcmd'].kind_of? Array
-	cmd, *args = slot['vcmd']
-	slot['vcmd'] = ValidateCmd.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-      elsif slot['vcmd'].kind_of? Proc
-	slot['vcmd'] = ValidateCmd.new(slot['vcmd'])
-      end
-      if slot['validatecommand'].kind_of? Array
-	cmd, *args = slot['validatecommand']
-	slot['validatecommand'] = ValidateCmd.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-      elsif slot['validatecommand'].kind_of? Proc
-	slot['validatecommand'] = ValidateCmd.new(slot['validatecommand'])
-      end
-      if slot['invcmd'].kind_of? Array
-	cmd, *args = slot['invcmd']
-	slot['invcmd'] = ValidateCmd.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-      elsif slot['invcmd'].kind_of? Proc
-	slot['invcmd'] = ValidateCmd.new(slot['invcmd'])
-      end
-      if slot['invalidcommand'].kind_of? Array
-	cmd, *args = slot['invalidcommand']
-	slot['invalidcommand'] = ValidateCmd.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-      elsif slot['invalidcommand'].kind_of? Proc
-	slot['invalidcommand'] = ValidateCmd.new(slot['invalidcommand'])
-      end
-      super(slot)
-    else
-      if (slot == 'vcmd' || slot == :vcmd || 
-          slot == 'validatecommand' || slot == :validatecommand || 
-	  slot == 'invcmd' || slot == :invcmd || 
-          slot == 'invalidcommand' || slot == :invalidcommand)
-	if value.kind_of? Array
-	  cmd, *args = value
-	  value = ValidateCmd.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-	elsif value.kind_of? Proc
-	  value = ValidateCmd.new(value)
-	end
-      end
-      super(slot, value)
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bbox(index)
-    list(tk_send('bbox', index))
-  end
-  def cursor
-    number(tk_send('index', 'insert'))
-  end
-  def cursor=(index)
-    tk_send 'icursor', index
-    self
-  end
-  def index(index)
-    number(tk_send('index', index))
-  end
-  def insert(pos,text)
-    tk_send 'insert', pos, text
-    self
-  end
-  def delete(first, last=None)
-    tk_send 'delete', first, last
-    self
-  end
-  def mark(pos)
-    tk_send 'scan', 'mark', pos
-    self
-  end
-  def dragto(pos)
-    tk_send 'scan', 'dragto', pos
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_adjust(index)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'adjust', index
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_clear
-    tk_send 'selection', 'clear'
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_from(index)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'from', index
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_present()
-    bool(tk_send('selection', 'present'))
-  end
-  def selection_range(s, e)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'range', s, e
-    self
-  end
-  def selection_to(index)
-    tk_send 'selection', 'to', index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def invoke_validate
-    bool(tk_send('validate'))
-  end
-  def validate(mode = nil)
-    if mode
-      configure 'validate', mode
-    else
-      invoke_validate
-    end
-  end
-
-  def validatecommand(cmd = Proc.new, args = nil)
-    if cmd.kind_of?(ValidateCmd)
-      configure('validatecommand', cmd)
-    elsif args
-      configure('validatecommand', [cmd, args])
-    else
-      configure('validatecommand', cmd)
-    end
-  end
-  alias vcmd validatecommand
-
-  def invalidcommand(cmd = Proc.new, args = nil)
-    if cmd.kind_of?(ValidateCmd)
-      configure('invalidcommand', cmd)
-    elsif args
-      configure('invalidcommand', [cmd, args])
-    else
-      configure('invalidcommand', cmd)
-    end
-  end
-  alias invcmd invalidcommand
-
-  def value
-    tk_send 'get'
-  end
-  def value= (val)
-    tk_send 'delete', 0, 'end'
-    tk_send 'insert', 0, val
-  end
-end
-
-class TkSpinbox<TkEntry
-  TkCommandNames = ['spinbox'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Spinbox'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    tk_call 'spinbox', @path
-    if keys and keys != None
-      configure(keys)
-    end
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def identify(x, y)
-    tk_send 'identify', x, y
-  end
-
-  def spinup
-    tk_send 'invoke', 'spinup'
-    self
-  end
-
-  def spindown
-    tk_send 'invoke', 'spindown'
-    self
-  end
-
-  def set(str)
-    tk_send 'set', str
-  end
-end
+#   tkentry.rb - load tk/entry.rb
+#
+require 'tk/entry'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkfont.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkfont.rb
index ff7bbc74e..38a96633d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkfont.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkfont.rb
@@ -1,1390 +1,4 @@
 #
-#  tkfont.rb - the class to treat fonts on Ruby/Tk
+#   tkfont.rb - load tk/font.rb
 #
-#                               by  Hidetoshi NAGAI (nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp)
-#
-require 'tk'
-
-class TkFont
-  include Tk
-  extend TkCore
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['font'.freeze].freeze
-
-  Tk_FontID = ["@font".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
-  Tk_FontNameTBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_FontUseTBL  = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ 
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.clear
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.clear
-  }
-
-  # set default font
-  case Tk::TK_VERSION
-  when /^4\.*/
-    DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = 'a14'.freeze
-    DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = 'k14'.freeze
-
-  when /^8\.*/
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      begin
-        fontnames = tk_call('font', 'names')
-	case fontnames
-	when /defaultgui/
-          # Tcl/Tk-JP for Windows
-          ltn = 'defaultgui'
-          knj = 'defaultgui'
-	when /Mincho:Helvetica-Bold-12/
-          # Tcl/Tk-JP for UNIX/X
-          ltn, knj = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-                                                 'Mincho:Helvetica-Bold-12', 
-                                                 '-compound'))
-        else
-          # unknown Tcl/Tk-JP
-	  platform = tk_call('set', 'tcl_platform(platform)')
-	  case platform
-	  when 'unix'
-	    ltn = {'family'=>'Helvetica'.freeze, 
-	           'size'=>-12, 'weight'=>'bold'.freeze}
-	    #knj = 'k14'
-	    #knj = '-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-	    knj = '-*-fixed-bold-r-normal--12-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-	  when 'windows'
-	    ltn = {'family'=>'MS Sans Serif'.freeze, 'size'=>8}
-	    knj = 'mincho'
-	  when 'macintosh'
-	    ltn = 'system'
-	    knj = 'mincho'
-	  else # unknown
-	    ltn = 'Helvetica'
-	    knj = 'mincho'
-	  end
-        end
-      rescue
-        ltn = 'Helvetica'
-        knj = 'mincho'
-      end
-
-    else # not JAPANIZED_TK
-      begin
-	platform = tk_call('set', 'tcl_platform(platform)')
-	case platform
-	when 'unix'
-	  ltn = {'family'=>'Helvetica'.freeze, 
-	         'size'=>-12, 'weight'=>'bold'.freeze}
-	  #knj = 'k14'
-	  #knj = '-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-	  knj = '-*-fixed-bold-r-normal--12-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-	when 'windows'
-	  ltn = {'family'=>'MS Sans Serif'.freeze, 'size'=>8}
-	  knj = 'mincho'
-	when 'macintosh'
-	  ltn = 'system'
-	  knj = 'mincho'
-	else # unknown
-	  ltn = 'Helvetica'
-	  knj = 'mincho'
-	end
-      rescue
-	ltn = 'Helvetica'
-	knj = 'mincho'
-      end
-
-      knj = ltn
-    end
-
-    DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = ltn.freeze
-    DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = knj.freeze
-
-  else # unknown version
-    DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = 'Helvetica'.freeze
-    DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = 'mincho'.freeze
-
-  end
-
-  if $DEBUG
-    print "default latin font = "; p DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME
-    print "default kanji font = "; p DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME
-  end
-
-
-  ###################################
-  class DescendantFont
-    def initialize(compound, type)
-      unless compound.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fail ArgumentError, "a TkFont object is expected for the 1st argument"
-      end
-      @compound = compound
-      case type
-      when 'kanji', 'latin', 'ascii'
-	@type = type
-      else
-	fail ArgumentError, "unknown type '#{type}'"
-      end
-    end
-
-    def dup
-      fail RuntimeError, "cannot dupulicate a descendant font"
-    end
-    def clone
-      fail RuntimeError, "cannot clone a descendant font"
-    end
-
-    def to_eval
-      @compound.__send__(@type + '_font_id')
-    end
-    def font
-      @compound.__send__(@type + '_font_id')
-    end
-
-    def [](slot)
-      @compound.__send__(@type + '_configinfo', slot)
-    end
-    def []=(slot, value=None)
-      @compound.__send__(@type + '_configure', slot, value)
-    end
-
-    def method_missing(id, *args)
-      @compound.__send__(@type + '_' + id.id2name, *args)
-    end
-  end
-
-
-  ###################################
-  # class methods
-  ###################################
-  def TkFont.families(window=nil)
-    case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\.*/
-      ['fixed']
-
-    when /^8\.*/
-      if window
-	tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'families', '-displayof', window))
-      else
-	tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'families'))
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkFont.names
-    case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\.*/
-      r = ['fixed']
-      r += ['a14', 'k14'] if JAPANIZED_TK
-      Tk_FontNameTBL.each_value{|obj| r.push(obj)}
-      r | []
-
-    when /^8\.*/
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'names'))
-
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkFont.create_copy(font)
-    fail 'source-font must be a TkFont object' unless font.kind_of? TkFont
-    keys = {}
-    font.configinfo.each{|key,value| keys[key] = value }
-    TkFont.new(font.latin_font_id, font.kanji_font_id, keys)
-  end
-
-  def TkFont.get_obj(name)
-    if name =~ /^(@font[0-9]+)(|c|l|k)$/
-      Tk_FontNameTBL[$1]
-    else
-      nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkFont.init_widget_font(path, *args)
-    case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\.*/
-      conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(*args)).
-	find_all{|prop| prop[0..5]=='-font ' || prop[0..10]=='-kanjifont '}.
-	collect{|prop| tk_split_simplelist(prop)}
-      if font_inf = conf.assoc('-font')
-	ltn = font_inf[4]
-	ltn = nil if ltn == []
-      else 
-	#ltn = nil
-	raise RuntimeError, "unknown option '-font'"
-      end
-      if font_inf = conf.assoc('-kanjifont')
-	knj = font_inf[4]
-	knj = nil if knj == []
-      else
-	knj = nil
-      end
-      TkFont.new(ltn, knj).call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
-
-    when /^8\.*/
-      font_prop = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(*args)).find{|prop| 
-	prop[0..5] == '-font '
-      }
-      unless font_prop
-	raise RuntimeError, "unknown option '-font'"
-      end
-      fnt = tk_split_simplelist(font_prop)[4]
-      if fnt == ""
-	TkFont.new(nil, nil).call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
-      else
-	begin
-	  compound = tk_split_simplelist(
-            Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-					       fnt))].collect{|key,value|
-              [key[1..-1], value]
-            }.assoc('compound')[1])
-	rescue
-	  compound = []
-	end
-	if compound == []
-	  #TkFont.new(fnt, DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME) \
-	  #.call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
-	  TkFont.new(fnt).call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
-	else
-	  TkFont.new(compound[0], compound[1]) \
-	  .call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
-	end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkFont.used_on(path=nil)
-    if path
-      Tk_FontUseTBL[path]
-    else
-      Tk_FontUseTBL.values | []
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkFont.failsafe(font)
-    begin
-      if /^8\.*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
-        tk_call('font', 'failsafe', font)
-      end
-    rescue
-    end
-  end
-
-  ###################################
-  # instance methods
-  ###################################
-  private
-  ###################################
-  def initialize(ltn=nil, knj=nil, keys=nil)
-    @id = Tk_FontID.join
-    Tk_FontID[1].succ!
-    Tk_FontNameTBL[@id] = self
-
-    @latin_desscendant = nil
-    @kanji_desscendant = nil
-
-    if knj.kind_of?(Hash) && !keys
-      keys = knj
-      knj = nil
-    end
-
-    # compound font check
-    if Tk::TK_VERSION == '8.0' && JAPANIZED_TK
-      begin
-	compound = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-					       ltn, '-compound'))
-	if knj == nil
-	  if compound != []
-	    ltn, knj = compound
-	  end
-	else
-	  if compound != []
-	    ltn = compound[0]
-	  end
-	  compound = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-						 knj, '-compound'))
-	  if compound != []
-	    knj = compound[1]
-	  end
-	end
-      rescue
-      end
-    end
-
-    if ltn
-      knj = ltn if JAPANIZED_TK && !knj
-    else
-      ltn = DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME
-      knj = DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME if JAPANIZED_TK && !knj
-    end
-
-    create_compoundfont(ltn, knj, keys)
-  end
-
-  def _get_font_info_from_hash(font)
-    font = _symbolkey2str(font)
-    foundry  = (info = font['foundry'] .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    family   = (info = font['family']  .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    weight   = (info = font['weight']  .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    slant    = (info = font['slant']   .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    swidth   = (info = font['swidth']  .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    adstyle  = (info = font['adstyle'] .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    pixels   = (info = font['pixels']  .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    points   = (info = font['points']  .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    resx     = (info = font['resx']    .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    resy     = (info = font['resy']    .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    space    = (info = font['space']   .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    avgWidth = (info = font['avgWidth'].to_s)?  info: '*'
-    charset  = (info = font['charset'] .to_s)?  info: '*'
-    encoding = (info = font['encoding'].to_s)?  info: '*'
-
-    [foundry, family, weight, slant, swidth, adstyle,
-      pixels, points, resx, resy, space, avgWidth, charset, encoding]
-  end
-
-  def create_latinfont_tk4x(font)
-    if font.kind_of? Hash
-      @latinfont = '-' + _get_font_info_from_hash(font).join('-') + '-'
-
-    elsif font.kind_of? Array
-      finfo = {}
-      finfo['family'] = font[0].to_s
-      if font[1]
-	fsize = font[1].to_s
-	if fsize != '0' && fsize =~ /^(|\+|-)([0-9]+)$/
-	  if $1 == '-'
-	    finfo['pixels'] = $2
-	  else
-	    finfo['points'] = $2
-	  end
-	else
-	  finfo['points'] = '13'
-	end
-      end
-      font[2..-1].each{|style|
-	case (style)
-	when 'normal'
-	  finfo['weight'] = style
-	when 'bold'
-	  finfo['weight'] = style
-	when 'roman'
-	  finfo['slant'] = 'r'
-	when 'italic'
-	  finfo['slant'] = 'i'
-	end
-      }
-
-      @latinfont = '-' + _get_font_info_from_hash(finfo).join('-') + '-'
-
-    elsif font.kind_of? TkFont
-      @latinfont = font.latin_font
-
-    else
-      if font
-        @latinfont = font
-      else
-        @latinfont = DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME
-      end
-
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_kanjifont_tk4x(font)
-    unless JAPANIZED_TK
-      @kanjifont = ""
-      return
-    end
-
-    if font.kind_of? Hash
-      @kanjifont = '-' + _get_font_info_from_hash(font).join('-') + '-'
-
-    elsif font.kind_of? Array
-      finfo = {}
-      finfo['family'] = font[0].to_s
-      if font[1]
-	fsize = font[1].to_s
-	if fsize != '0' && fsize =~ /^(|\+|-)([0-9]+)$/
-	  if $1 == '-'
-	    finfo['pixels'] = $2
-	  else
-	    finfo['points'] = $2
-	  end
-	else
-	  finfo['points'] = '13'
-	end
-      end
-      font[2..-1].each{|style|
-	case (style)
-	when 'normal'
-	  finfo['weight'] = style
-	when 'bold'
-	  finfo['weight'] = style
-	when 'roman'
-	  finfo['slant'] = 'r'
-	when 'italic'
-	  finfo['slant'] = 'i'
-	end
-      }
-
-      @kanjifont = '-' + _get_font_info_from_hash(finfo).join('-') + '-'
-    elsif font.kind_of? TkFont
-      @kanjifont = font.kanji_font_id
-    else
-      if font
-        @kanjifont = font
-      else
-        @kanjifont = DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_compoundfont_tk4x(ltn, knj, keys)
-    create_latinfont(ltn)
-    create_kanjifont(knj)
-
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      @compoundfont = [[@latinfont], [@kanjifont]]
-      @fontslot = {'font'=>@latinfont, 'kanjifont'=>@kanjifont}
-    else
-      @compoundfont = @latinfont
-      @fontslot = {'font'=>@latinfont}
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_latinfont_tk8x(font)
-    @latinfont = @id + 'l'
-
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      if font.kind_of? Hash
-	if font[:charset] || font['charset']
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, *hash_kv(font))
-	else
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, 
-                  '-charset', 'iso8859', *hash_kv(font))
-	end
-      elsif font.kind_of? Array
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, '-copy', array2tk_list(font))
-        tk_call('font', 'configure', @latinfont, '-charset', 'iso8859')
-      elsif font.kind_of? TkFont
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, '-copy', font.latin_font)
-      elsif font
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, '-copy', font, 
-                '-charset', 'iso8859')
-      else
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, '-charset', 'iso8859')
-      end
-    else
-      if font.kind_of? Hash
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, *hash_kv(font))
-      else
-	keys = {}
-	if font.kind_of? Array
-	  actual_core(array2tk_list(font)).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-	elsif font.kind_of? TkFont
-	  actual_core(font.latin_font).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-	elsif font
-	  actual_core(font).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-	end
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, *hash_kv(keys))
-      end
-
-      if font && @compoundfont
-        keys = {}
-        actual_core(@latinfont).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(keys))
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_kanjifont_tk8x(font)
-    @kanjifont = @id + 'k'
-
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      if font.kind_of? Hash
-        if font[:charset] || font['charset']
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, *hash_kv(font))
-        else
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, 
-		  '-charset', 'jisx0208.1983', *hash_kv(font))
-        end
-      elsif font.kind_of? Array
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, '-copy', array2tk_list(font))
-        tk_call('font', 'configure', @kanjifont, '-charset', 'jisx0208.1983')
-      elsif font.kind_of? TkFont
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, '-copy', font.kanji_font_id)
-      elsif font
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, '-copy', font, 
-	        '-charset', 'jisx0208.1983')
-      else
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, '-charset', 'jisx0208.1983')
-      end
-      # end of JAPANIZED_TK
-
-    else
-      if font.kind_of? Hash
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, *hash_kv(font))
-      else
-        keys = {}
-        if font.kind_of? Array
-	  actual_core(array2tk_list(font)).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-        elsif font.kind_of? TkFont
-	  actual_core(font.kanji_font_id).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-        elsif font
-	  actual_core(font).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-        end
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, *hash_kv(keys))
-      end
-
-      if font && @compoundfont
-        keys = {}
-        actual_core(@kanjifont).each{|key,val| keys[key] = val}
-        tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(keys))
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_compoundfont_tk8x(ltn, knj, keys)
-    create_latinfont(ltn)
-    create_kanjifont(knj)
-
-    @compoundfont = @id + 'c'
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      unless keys
-	keys = {}
-      else
-	keys = keys.dup
-      end
-      if (tk_call('font', 'configure', @latinfont, '-underline') == '1' &&
-	  tk_call('font', 'configure', @kanjifont, '-underline') == '1' &&
-	  !keys.key?('underline'))
-	keys['underline'] = true
-      end
-      if (tk_call('font', 'configure', @latinfont, '-overstrike') == '1' &&
-	  tk_call('font', 'configure', @kanjifont, '-overstrike') == '1' &&
-	  !keys.key?('overstrike'))
-	keys['overstrike'] = true
-      end
-
-      @fontslot = {'font'=>@compoundfont}
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		'-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-      rescue RuntimeError => e
-	if ltn == knj
-	  if e.message =~ /kanji font .* specified/
-	    tk_call('font', 'delete', @latinfont)
-	    create_latinfont(DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME)
-	    opts = []
-	    Hash[*(tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-					       @kanjifont)))].each{|k,v|
-	      case k
-	      when '-size', '-weight', '-slant', '-underline', '-overstrike'
-		opts << k << v
-	      end
-	    }
-	    tk_call('font', 'configure', @latinfont, *opts)
-	    tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		    '-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-
-	  elsif e.message =~ /ascii font .* specified/
-	    tk_call('font', 'delete', @kanjifont)
-	    create_kanjifont(DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME)
-	    opts = []
-	    Hash[*(tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-					       @latinfont)))].each{|k,v|
-	      case k
-	      when '-size', '-weight', '-slant', '-underline', '-overstrike'
-		opts << k << v
-	      end
-	    }
-	    tk_call('font', 'configure', @kanjifont, *opts)
-	    tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		    '-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-
-	  else
-	    raise e
-	  end
-	else
-	  raise e
-	end
-      end
-    else
-      tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont)
-
-      latinkeys = {}
-      begin
-	actual_core(@latinfont).each{|key,val| latinkeys[key] = val}
-      rescue
-	latinkeys {}
-      end
-      if latinkeys != {}
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
-      end
-
-      if knj
-	kanjikeys = {}
-	begin
-	  actual_core(@kanjifont).each{|key,val| kanjikeys[key] = val}
-	rescue
-	  kanjikeys {}
-	end
-	if kanjikeys != {}
-	  tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(kanjikeys))
-	end
-      end
-
-      @fontslot = {'font'=>@compoundfont}
-      tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(keys))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def actual_core_tk4x(font, window=nil, option=nil)
-    # dummy
-    if option
-      ""
-    else
-      [['family',[]], ['size',[]], ['weight',[]], ['slant',[]], 
-	['underline',[]], ['overstrike',[]], ['charset',[]], 
-	['pointadjust',[]]]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def actual_core_tk8x(font, window=nil, option=nil)
-    if option == 'compound'
-      ""
-    elsif option
-      if window
-	tk_call('font', 'actual', font, "-displayof", window, "-#{option}")
-      else
-	tk_call('font', 'actual', font, "-#{option}")
-      end
-    else
-      l = tk_split_simplelist(if window
-			 	 tk_call('font', 'actual', font, 
-					             "-displayof", window)
-			      else
-			  	 tk_call('font', 'actual', font)
-			      end)
-      r = []
-      while key=l.shift
-	if key == '-compound'
-	  l.shift
-	else
-	  r.push [key[1..-1], l.shift]
-	end
-      end
-      r
-    end
-  end
-
-  def configure_core_tk4x(font, slot, value=None)
-    #""
-    self
-  end
-
-  def configinfo_core_tk4x(font, option=nil)
-    # dummy
-    if option
-      ""
-    else
-      [['family',[]], ['size',[]], ['weight',[]], ['slant',[]], 
-	['underline',[]], ['overstrike',[]], ['charset',[]], 
-	['pointadjust',[]]]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def configure_core_tk8x(font, slot, value=None)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      begin
-	padjust = tk_call('font', 'configure', font, '-pointadjust')
-      rescue
-	padjust = nil
-      end
-    else
-      padjust = nil
-    end
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      if JAPANIZED_TK && (slot.key?('family') || slot.key?(:family))
-	slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
-	configure_core_tk8x(font, 'family', slot.delete('family'))
-      end
-
-      if ((slot.key?('size') || slot.key?(:size)) && 
-	  padjust && !slot.key?('pointadjust') && !slot.key?(:pointadjust))
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', font, 
-		'-pointadjust', padjust, *hash_kv(slot))
-      else
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', font, *hash_kv(slot))
-      end
-    elsif (slot == 'size' || slot == :size) && padjust != nil
-      tk_call('font', 'configure', font, 
-	      "-#{slot}", value, '-pointadjust', padjust)
-    elsif JAPANIZED_TK && (slot == 'family' || slot == :family)
-      # coumpund font?
-      begin
-	compound = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
-					       font, '-compound'))
-      rescue
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', font, '-family', value)
-	return self
-      end
-      if compound == []
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', font, '-family', value)
-	return self
-      end
-      ltn, knj = compound
-
-      lfnt = tk_call('font', 'create', '-copy', ltn)
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', lfnt, '-family', value)
-	latin_replace_core_tk8x(lfnt)
-      rescue RuntimeError => e
-	fail e if $DEBUG
-      ensure
-	tk_call('font', 'delete', lfnt) if lfnt != ''
-      end
-
-      kfnt = tk_call('font', 'create', '-copy', knj)
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', kfnt, '-family', value)
-	kanji_replace_core_tk8x(lfnt)
-      rescue RuntimeError => e
-	fail e if $DEBUG
-      ensure
-	tk_call('font', 'delete', kfnt) if kfnt != ''
-      end
-      
-    else
-      tk_call('font', 'configure', font, "-#{slot}", value)
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def configinfo_core_tk8x(font, option=nil)
-    if option == 'compound'
-      ""
-    elsif option
-      tk_call('font', 'configure', font, "-#{option}")
-    else
-      l = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'configure', font))
-      r = []
-      while key=l.shift
-	if key == '-compound'
-	  l.shift
-	else
-	  r.push [key[1..-1], l.shift]
-	end
-      end
-      r
-    end
-  end
-
-  def delete_core_tk4x
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.delete(@id)
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.delete_if{|key,value| value == self}
-  end
-
-  def delete_core_tk8x
-    begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @latinfont)
-    rescue
-    end
-    begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @kanjifont)
-    rescue
-    end
-    begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @compoundfont)
-    rescue
-    end
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.delete(@id)
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.delete_if{|key,value| value == self}
-  end
-
-  def latin_replace_core_tk4x(ltn)
-    create_latinfont_tk4x(ltn)
-    @compoundfont[0] = [@latinfont] if JAPANIZED_TK
-    @fontslot['font'] = @latinfont
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.dup.each{|w, fobj|
-      if self == fobj
-	begin
-	  if w.include?(';')
-	    win, tag = w.split(';')
-	    winobj = tk_tcl2ruby(win)
-#	    winobj.tagfont_configure(tag, {'font'=>@latinfont})
-	    if winobj.kind_of? TkText
-	      tk_call(win, 'tag', 'configure', tag, '-font', @latinfont)
-	    elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
-	      tk_call(win, 'itemconfigure', tag, '-font', @latinfont)
-	    elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
-	      tk_call(win, 'entryconfigure', tag, '-font', @latinfont)
-	    else
-	      raise RuntimeError, "unknown widget type"
-	    end
-	  else
-#	    tk_tcl2ruby(w).font_configure('font'=>@latinfont)
-	    tk_call(w, 'configure', '-font', @latinfont)
-	  end
-	rescue
-	  Tk_FontUseTBL.delete(w)
-	end
-      end
-    }
-    self
-  end
-
-  def kanji_replace_core_tk4x(knj)
-    return self unless JAPANIZED_TK
-
-    create_kanjifont_tk4x(knj)
-    @compoundfont[1] = [@kanjifont]
-    @fontslot['kanjifont'] = @kanjifont
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.dup.each{|w, fobj|
-      if self == fobj
-	begin
-	  if w.include?(';')
-	    win, tag = w.split(';')
-	    winobj = tk_tcl2ruby(win)
-#	    winobj.tagfont_configure(tag, {'kanjifont'=>@kanjifont})
-	    if winobj.kind_of? TkText
-	      tk_call(win, 'tag', 'configure', tag, '-kanjifont', @kanjifont)
-	    elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
-	      tk_call(win, 'itemconfigure', tag, '-kanjifont', @kanjifont)
-	    elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
-	      tk_call(win, 'entryconfigure', tag, '-kanjifont', @latinfont)
-	    else
-	      raise RuntimeError, "unknown widget type"
-	    end
-	  else
-#	    tk_tcl2ruby(w).font_configure('kanjifont'=>@kanjifont)
-	    tk_call(w, 'configure', '-kanjifont', @kanjifont)
-	  end
-	rescue
-	  Tk_FontUseTBL.delete(w)
-	end
-      end
-    }
-    self
-  end
-
-  def latin_replace_core_tk8x(ltn)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'delete', '@font_tmp')
-      rescue
-      end
-      begin
-	fnt_bup = tk_call('font', 'create', '@font_tmp', '-copy', @latinfont)
-      rescue
-	#fnt_bup = ''
-	fnt_bup = DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME
-      end
-    end
-
-    begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @latinfont)
-    rescue
-    end
-    create_latinfont(ltn)
-
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      keys = self.configinfo
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @compoundfont)
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		'-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-=begin
-	latinkeys = {}
-	begin
-	  actual_core(@latinfont).each{|key,val| latinkeys[key] = val}
-	rescue
-	  latinkeys {}
-	end
-	if latinkeys != {}
-	  tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
-	end
-=end
-      rescue RuntimeError => e
-	tk_call('font', 'delete', @latinfont)
-	if fnt_bup && fnt_bup != ''
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @latinfont, '-copy', fnt_bup)
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		  '-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-	  tk_call('font', 'delete', fnt_bup)
-	else
-	  fail e
-	end
-      end
-
-    else
-      latinkeys = {}
-      begin
-	actual_core(@latinfont).each{|key,val| latinkeys[key] = val}
-      rescue
-	latinkeys {}
-      end
-      if latinkeys != {}
-	tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
-      end
-    end    
-    self
-  end
-
-  def kanji_replace_core_tk8x(knj)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'delete', '@font_tmp')
-      rescue
-      end
-      begin
-	fnt_bup = tk_call('font', 'create', '@font_tmp', '-copy', @kanjifont)
-      rescue
-	#fnt_bup = ''
-	fnt_bup = DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME
-      end
-    end
-
-    begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @kanjifont)
-    rescue
-    end
-    create_kanjifont(knj)
-
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      keys = self.configinfo
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @compoundfont)
-      begin
-	tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		'-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-      rescue RuntimeError => e
-	tk_call('font', 'delete', @kanjifont)
-	if fnt_bup && fnt_bup != ''
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @kanjifont, '-copy', fnt_bup)
-	  tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
-		  '-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
-	  tk_call('font', 'delete', fnt_bup)
-	else
-	  fail e
-	end
-      end
-    end    
-    self
-  end
-
-  def measure_core_tk4x(window, text)
-    0
-  end
-
-  def measure_core_tk8x(window, text)
-    if window
-      number(tk_call('font', 'measure', @compoundfont, 
-		     '-displayof', window, text))
-    else
-      number(tk_call('font', 'measure', @compoundfont, text))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def metrics_core_tk4x(font, window, option=nil)
-    # dummy
-    if option
-      ""
-    else
-      [['ascent',[]], ['descent',[]], ['linespace',[]], ['fixed',[]]]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def metrics_core_tk8x(font, window, option=nil)
-    if option
-      if window
-	number(tk_call('font', 'metrics', font, 
-		       "-displayof", window, "-#{option}"))
-      else
-	number(tk_call('font', 'metrics', font, "-#{option}"))
-      end
-    else
-      l = tk_split_list(if window
-			  tk_call('font','metrics',font,"-displayof",window)
-			else
-			  tk_call('font','metrics',font)
-			end)
-      r = []
-      while key=l.shift
-	r.push [key[1..-1], l.shift.to_i]
-      end
-      r
-    end
-  end
-
-  ###################################
-  # private alias
-  ###################################
-  case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-  when /^4\.*/
-    alias create_latinfont    create_latinfont_tk4x
-    alias create_kanjifont    create_kanjifont_tk4x
-    alias create_compoundfont create_compoundfont_tk4x
-    alias actual_core         actual_core_tk4x
-    alias configure_core      configure_core_tk4x
-    alias configinfo_core     configinfo_core_tk4x
-    alias delete_core         delete_core_tk4x
-    alias latin_replace_core  latin_replace_core_tk4x
-    alias kanji_replace_core  kanji_replace_core_tk4x
-    alias measure_core        measure_core_tk4x
-    alias metrics_core        metrics_core_tk4x
-
-  when /^8\.[0-4]/
-    alias create_latinfont    create_latinfont_tk8x
-    alias create_kanjifont    create_kanjifont_tk8x
-    alias create_compoundfont create_compoundfont_tk8x
-    alias actual_core         actual_core_tk8x
-    alias configure_core      configure_core_tk8x
-    alias configinfo_core     configinfo_core_tk8x
-    alias delete_core         delete_core_tk8x
-    alias latin_replace_core  latin_replace_core_tk8x
-    alias kanji_replace_core  kanji_replace_core_tk8x
-    alias measure_core        measure_core_tk8x
-    alias metrics_core        metrics_core_tk8x
-
-  when /^8\.*/
-    alias create_latinfont    create_latinfont_tk8x
-    alias create_kanjifont    create_kanjifont_tk8x
-    alias create_compoundfont create_compoundfont_tk8x
-    alias actual_core         actual_core_tk8x
-    alias configure_core      configure_core_tk8x
-    alias configinfo_core     configinfo_core_tk8x
-    alias delete_core         delete_core_tk8x
-    alias latin_replace_core  latin_replace_core_tk8x
-    alias kanji_replace_core  kanji_replace_core_tk8x
-    alias measure_core        measure_core_tk8x
-    alias metrics_core        metrics_core_tk8x
-
-  end
-
-  ###################################
-  public
-  ###################################
-  def method_missing(id, *args)
-    name = id.id2name
-    case args.length
-    when 1
-      configure name, args[0]
-    when 0
-      begin
-	configinfo name
-      rescue
-	fail NameError, "undefined local variable or method `#{name}' for #{self.to_s}", error_at
-      end
-    else
-      fail NameError, "undefined method `#{name}' for #{self.to_s}", error_at
-    end
-  end
-
-  def call_font_configure(path, *args)
-    args += hash_kv(args.pop.update(@fontslot))
-    tk_call(*args)
-    Tk_FontUseTBL[path] = self
-    self
-  end
-
-  def used
-    ret = []
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.each{|key,value|
-      if key.include?(';')
-	win, tag = key.split(';')
-	winobj = tk_tcl2ruby(win)
-	if winobj.kind_of? TkText
-	  ret.push([winobj, winobj.tagid2obj(tag)])
-	elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
-	  if (tagobj = TkcTag.id2obj(winobj, tag)).kind_of? TkcTag
-	    ret.push([winobj, tagobj])
-	  elsif (tagobj = TkcItem.id2obj(tag)).kind_of? TkcItem
-	    ret.push([winobj, tagobj])
-	  else
-	    ret.push([winobj, tag])
-	  end
-	elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
-	  ret.push([winobj, tag])
-	else
-	  ret.push([win, tag])
-	end
-      else
-	ret.push(tk_tcl2ruby(key)) if value == self
-      end
-    }
-    ret
-  end
-
-  def id
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def to_eval
-    font
-  end
-
-  def font
-    @compoundfont
-  end
-  alias font_id font
-
-  def latin_font_id
-    @latinfont
-  end
-
-  def latin_font
-    # @latinfont
-    if @latin_descendant
-      @latin_descendant
-    else
-      @latin_descendant = DescendantFont.new(self, 'latin')
-    end
-  end
-  alias latinfont latin_font
-
-  def kanji_font_id
-    @kanjifont
-  end
-
-  def kanji_font
-    # @kanjifont
-    if @kanji_descendant
-      @kanji_descendant
-    else
-      @kanji_descendant = DescendantFont.new(self, 'kanji')
-    end
-  end
-  alias kanjifont kanji_font
-
-  def actual(option=nil)
-    actual_core(@compoundfont, nil, option)
-  end
-
-  def actual_displayof(window, option=nil)
-    window = '.' unless window
-    actual_core(@compoundfont, window, option)
-  end
-
-  def latin_actual(option=nil)
-    actual_core(@latinfont, nil, option)
-  end
-
-  def latin_actual_displayof(window, option=nil)
-    window = '.' unless window
-    actual_core(@latinfont, window, option)
-  end
-
-  def kanji_actual(option=nil)
-    #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont != ""
-      actual_core(@kanjifont, nil, option)
-    else
-      actual_core_tk4x(nil, nil, option)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def kanji_actual_displayof(window, option=nil)
-    #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont != ""
-      window = '.' unless window
-      actual_core(@kanjifont, window, option)
-    else
-      actual_core_tk4x(nil, window, option)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def [](slot)
-    configinfo slot
-  end
-
-  def []=(slot, val)
-    configure slot, val
-  end
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    configure_core(@compoundfont, slot, value)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def configinfo(slot=nil)
-    configinfo_core(@compoundfont, slot)
-  end
-
-  def delete
-    delete_core
-  end
-
-  def latin_configure(slot, value=None)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      configure_core(@latinfont, slot, value)
-    else
-      configure(slot, value)
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def latin_configinfo(slot=nil)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      configinfo_core(@latinfont, slot)
-    else
-      configinfo(slot)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def kanji_configure(slot, value=None)
-    #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont != ""
-      configure_core(@kanjifont, slot, value)
-      configure('size'=>configinfo('size')) # to reflect new configuration
-    else
-      #""
-      configure(slot, value)
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def kanji_configinfo(slot=nil)
-    #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont != ""
-      configinfo_core(@kanjifont, slot)
-    else
-      #[]
-      configinfo(slot)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def replace(ltn, knj)
-    latin_replace(ltn)
-    kanji_replace(knj)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def latin_replace(ltn)
-    latin_replace_core(ltn)
-    reset_pointadjust
-    self
-  end
-
-  def kanji_replace(knj)
-    kanji_replace_core(knj)
-    reset_pointadjust
-    self
-  end
-
-  def measure(text)
-    measure_core(nil, text)
-  end
-
-  def measure_displayof(window, text)
-    window = '.' unless window
-    measure_core(window, text)
-  end
-
-  def metrics(option=nil)
-    metrics_core(@compoundfont, nil, option)
-  end
-
-  def metrics_displayof(window, option=nil)
-    window = '.' unless window
-    metrics_core(@compoundfont, window, option)
-  end
-
-  def latin_metrics(option=nil)
-    metrics_core(@latinfont, nil, option)
-  end
-
-  def latin_metrics_displayof(window, option=nil)
-    window = '.' unless window
-    metrics_core(@latinfont, window, option)
-  end
-
-  def kanji_metrics(option=nil)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      metrics_core(@kanjifont, nil, option)
-    else
-      metrics_core_tk4x(nil, nil, option)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def kanji_metrics_displayof(window, option=nil)
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      window = '.' unless window
-      metrics_core(@kanjifont, window, option)
-    else
-      metrics_core_tk4x(nil, window, option)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def reset_pointadjust
-    begin
-      if /^8\.*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
-        configure('pointadjust' => latin_actual.assoc('size')[1].to_f / 
-                                      kanji_actual.assoc('size')[1].to_f )
-      end
-    rescue
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  ###################################
-  # public alias
-  ###################################
-  alias ascii_font             latin_font
-  alias asciifont              latinfont
-  alias create_asciifont       create_latinfont
-  alias ascii_actual           latin_actual
-  alias ascii_actual_displayof latin_actual_displayof
-  alias ascii_configure        latin_configure
-  alias ascii_configinfo       latin_configinfo
-  alias ascii_replace          latin_replace
-  alias ascii_metrics          latin_metrics
-
-  ###################################
-  def dup
-    src = self
-    obj = super()
-    obj.instance_eval{ initialize(src) }
-    obj
-  end
-  def clone
-    src = self
-    obj = super()
-    obj.instance_eval{ initialize(src) }
-    obj
-  end
-end
-
-module TkTreatTagFont
-  def font_configinfo
-    @parent.tagfont_configinfo(@id)
-  end
-#  alias font font_configinfo
-
-  def font_configure(slot)
-    @parent.tagfont_configure(@id, slot)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def latinfont_configure(ltn, keys=nil)
-    @parent.latintagfont_configure(@id, ltn, keys)
-    self
-  end
-  alias asciifont_configure latinfont_configure
-
-  def kanjifont_configure(knj, keys=nil)
-    @parent.kanjitagfont_configure(@id, ltn, keys)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def font_copy(window, wintag=nil)
-    @parent.tagfont_copy(@id, window, wintag)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def latinfont_copy(window, wintag=nil)
-    @parent.latintagfont_copy(@id, window, wintag)
-    self
-  end
-  alias asciifont_copy latinfont_copy
-
-  def kanjifont_copy(window, wintag=nil)
-    @parent.kanjitagfont_copy(@id, window, wintag)
-    self
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/font'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkmacpkg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkmacpkg.rb
index 3bac5e6c3..35560e78c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkmacpkg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkmacpkg.rb
@@ -1,56 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkmacpkg.rb : methods for Tcl/Tk packages for Macintosh
-#                     2000/11/22 by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+#   tkmacpkg.rb - load tk/macpkg.rb
 #
-#     ATTENTION !!
-#         This is NOT TESTED. Because I have no test-environment.
-#
-#
-require 'tk'
-
-module TkMacResource
-  extend Tk
-  extend TkMacResource
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['resource'.freeze].freeze
-
-  tk_call('package', 'require', 'resource')
-
-  def close(rsrcRef)
-    tk_call('resource', 'close', rsrcRef)
-  end
-
-  def delete(rsrcType, opts=nil)
-    tk_call('resource', 'delete', *(hash_kv(opts) + rsrcType))
-  end
-
-  def files(rsrcRef=nil)
-    if rsrcRef
-      tk_call('resource', 'files', rsrcRef)
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('resource', 'files'))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def list(rsrcType, rsrcRef=nil)
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('resource', 'list', rsrcType, rsrcRef))
-  end
-
-  def open(fname, access=nil)
-    tk_call('resource', 'open', fname, access)
-  end
-
-  def read(rsrcType, rsrcID, rsrcRef=nil)
-    tk_call('resource', 'read', rsrcType, rsrcID, rsrcRef)
-  end
-
-  def types(rsrcRef=nil)
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('resource', 'types', rsrcRef))
-  end
-
-  def write(rsrcType, data, opts=nil)
-    tk_call('resource', 'write', *(hash_kv(opts) + rsrcType + data))
-  end
-
-  module_function :close, :delete, :files, :list, :open, :read, :types, :write
-end
+require 'tk/macpkg'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkmenubar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkmenubar.rb
index 0d29571eb..70214fda1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkmenubar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkmenubar.rb
@@ -1,143 +1,4 @@
 #
-# tkmenubar.rb
+#   tkmenubar.rb - load tk/menubar.rb
 #
-# Copyright (C) 1998 maeda shugo. All rights reserved. 
-# This file can be distributed under the terms of the Ruby.
-
-# Usage:
-#
-# menu_spec = [
-#   [['File', 0],
-#     ['Open', proc{puts('Open clicked')}, 0],
-#     '---',
-#     ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0]],
-#   [['Edit', 0],
-#     ['Cut', proc{puts('Cut clicked')}, 2],
-#     ['Copy', proc{puts('Copy clicked')}, 0],
-#     ['Paste', proc{puts('Paste clicked')}, 0]]
-# ]
-# menubar = TkMenubar.new(nil, menu_spec,
-# 			'tearoff'=>false,
-# 			'foreground'=>'grey40',
-# 			'activeforeground'=>'red',
-# 			'font'=>'-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-*--12-*-iso8859-1')
-# menubar.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
-#
-#
-# OR
-#
-#
-# menubar = TkMenubar.new
-# menubar.add_menu([['File', 0],
-# 		   ['Open', proc{puts('Open clicked')}, 0],
-# 		   '---',
-# 		   ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0]])
-# menubar.add_menu([['Edit', 0],
-# 		   ['Cut', proc{puts('Cut clicked')}, 2],
-# 		   ['Copy', proc{puts('Copy clicked')}, 0],
-# 		   ['Paste', proc{puts('Paste clicked')}, 0]])
-# menubar.configure('tearoff', false)
-# menubar.configure('foreground', 'grey40')
-# menubar.configure('activeforeground', 'red')
-# menubar.configure('font', '-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-*--12-*-iso8859-1')
-# menubar.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
-
-# The format of the menu_spec is:
-# [
-#   [
-#     [button text, underline, accelerator],
-#     [menu label, command, underline, accelerator],
-#     '---', # separator
-#     ...
-#   ],
-#   ...
-# ]
-
-# underline and accelerator are optional parameters.
-# Hashes are OK instead of Arrays.
-
-# To use add_menu, configuration must be done by calling configure after
-# adding all menus by add_menu, not by the constructor arguments.
-
-require "tk"
-
-class TkMenubar<TkFrame
-  
-  include TkComposite
-  
-  def initialize(parent = nil, spec = nil, options = nil)
-    if parent.kind_of? Hash
-      options = _symbolkey2str(parent)
-      spec = options.delete('spec')
-      super(options)
-    else
-      super(parent, options)
-    end
-
-    @menus = []
-    
-    if spec
-      for menu_info in spec
-	add_menu(menu_info)
-      end
-    end
-    
-    if options
-      for key, value in options
-	configure(key, value)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def add_menu(menu_info)
-    btn_info = menu_info.shift
-    mbtn = TkMenubutton.new(@frame)
-    
-    if btn_info.kind_of?(Hash)
-      for key, value in btn_info
-	mbtn.configure(key, value)
-      end
-    elsif btn_info.kind_of?(Array)
-      mbtn.configure('text', btn_info[0]) if btn_info[0]
-      mbtn.configure('underline', btn_info[1]) if btn_info[1]
-      mbtn.configure('accelerator', btn_info[2]) if btn_info[2]
-    else
-      mbtn.configure('text', btn_info)
-    end
-    
-    menu = TkMenu.new(mbtn)
-    
-    for item_info in menu_info
-      if item_info.kind_of?(Hash)
-	menu.add('command', item_info)
-      elsif item_info.kind_of?(Array)
-	options = {}
-	options['label'] = item_info[0] if item_info[0]
-	options['command'] = item_info[1] if item_info[1]
-	options['underline'] = item_info[2] if item_info[2]
-	options['accelerator'] = item_info[3] if item_info[3]
-	menu.add('command', options)
-      elsif /^-+$/ =~ item_info
-	menu.add('sep')
-      else
-	menu.add('command', 'label' => item_info)
-      end
-    end
-    
-    mbtn.menu(menu)
-    @menus.push([mbtn, menu])
-    delegate('tearoff', menu)
-    delegate('foreground', mbtn, menu)
-    delegate('background', mbtn, menu)
-    delegate('disabledforeground', mbtn, menu)
-    delegate('activeforeground', mbtn, menu)
-    delegate('activebackground', mbtn, menu)
-    delegate('font', mbtn, menu)
-    delegate('kanjifont', mbtn, menu)
-    mbtn.pack('side' => 'left')
-  end
-  
-  def [](index)
-    return @menus[index]
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/menubar'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkmngfocus.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkmngfocus.rb
index 461525009..fe70950e8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkmngfocus.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkmngfocus.rb
@@ -1,33 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkmngfocus.rb : methods for Tcl/Tk standard library 'focus.tcl'
-#                           by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+#   tkmngfocus.rb - load tk/mngfocus.rb
 #
-require 'tk'
-
-module TkManageFocus
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = [
-    'tk_focusFollowMouse'.freeze, 
-    'tk_focusNext'.freeze, 
-    'tk_focusPrev'.freeze
-  ].freeze
-
-  def TkManageFocus.followsMouse
-    tk_call 'tk_focusFollowsMouse'
-  end
-
-  def TkManageFocus.next(window)
-    tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call('tk_focusNext', window))
-  end
-  def focusNext
-    TkManageFocus.next(self)
-  end
-
-  def TkManageFocus.prev(window)
-    tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call('tk_focusPrev', window))
-  end
-  def focusPrev
-    TkManageFocus.prev(self)
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/mngfocus'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkpalette.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkpalette.rb
index dc2fd47e5..56b203bbb 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkpalette.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkpalette.rb
@@ -1,54 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkpalette.rb : methods for Tcl/Tk standard library 'palette.tcl'
-#                     1998/06/21 by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+#   tkpalette.rb - load tk/palette.rb
 #
-require 'tk'
-
-module TkPalette
-  include Tk
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = [
-    'tk_setPalette'.freeze, 
-    'tk_bisque'.freeze, 
-    'tkDarken'.freeze
-  ].freeze
-
-  def TkPalette.set(*args)
-    args = args.to_a.flatten if args.kind_of? Hash
-    tk_call 'tk_setPalette', *args
-  end
-  def TkPalette.setPalette(*args)
-    TkPalette.set(*args)
-  end
-
-  def TkPalette.bisque
-    tk_call 'tk_bisque'
-  end
-
-  def TkPalette.darken(color, percent)
-    tk_call 'tkDarken', color, percent
-  end
-
-  def TkPalette.recolorTree(window, colors)
-    if not colors.kind_of?(Hash)
-      fail "2nd arg need to be Hash"
-    end
-
-    colors.each{|key, value|
-      begin
-	if window.cget(key) == tk_call('set', "tkPalette(#{key})")
-	  window[key] = colors[key]
-	end
-      rescue
-	# ignore
-      end
-    }
-
-    TkWinfo.children(window).each{|w| TkPalette.recolorTree(w, colors)}
-  end
-
-  def recolorTree(colors)
-    TkPalette.recolorTree(self, colors)
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/palette'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkscrollbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkscrollbox.rb
index 3f1191c74..6093b2e4e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkscrollbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkscrollbox.rb
@@ -1,30 +1,4 @@
 #
-#		tkscrollbox.rb - Tk Listbox with Scrollbar
-#                                 as an example of Composite Widget
-#			$Date$
-#			by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.co.jp>
-
-require 'tk.rb'
-
-class TkScrollbox<TkListbox
-  include TkComposite
-  def initialize_composite(keys=nil)
-    list = TkListbox.new(@frame)
-    scroll = TkScrollbar.new(@frame)
-    @path = list.path
-
-    list.configure 'yscroll', scroll.path+" set"
-    list.pack 'side'=>'left','fill'=>'both','expand'=>'yes'
-    scroll.configure 'command', list.path+" yview"
-    scroll.pack 'side'=>'right','fill'=>'y'
-
-    delegate('DEFAULT', list)
-    delegate('foreground', list)
-    delegate('background', list, scroll)
-    delegate('borderwidth', @frame)
-    delegate('relief', @frame)
-
-    configure keys if keys
-  end
-  private :initialize_composite
-end
+#   tkscrollbox.rb - load tk/scrollbox.rb
+#
+require 'tk/scrollbox'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb
index 2d37fb8c0..97ad62a3e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb
@@ -1,1356 +1,4 @@
 #
-#		tktext.rb - Tk text classes
-#			$Date$
-#			by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
-
-require 'tk.rb'
-require 'tkfont'
-
-module TkTreatTextTagFont
-  include TkTreatItemFont
-
-  ItemCMD = ['tag'.freeze, 'configure'.freeze].freeze
-  def __conf_cmd(idx)
-    ItemCMD[idx]
-  end
-
-  def __item_pathname(tagOrId)
-    if tagOrId.kind_of?(TkTextTag)
-      self.path + ';' + tagOrId.id
-    else
-      self.path + ';' + tagOrId
-    end
-  end
-
-  private :__conf_cmd, :__item_pathname
-end
-
-class TkText<TkTextWin
-  ItemConfCMD = ['tag'.freeze, 'configure'.freeze].freeze
-  include TkTreatTextTagFont
-  include Scrollable
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['text'.freeze].freeze
-  WidgetClassName = 'Text'.freeze
-  WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
-
-  def self.new(*args, &block)
-    obj = super(*args){}
-    obj.init_instance_variable
-    obj.instance_eval(&block) if defined? yield
-    obj
-  end
-
-  def init_instance_variable
-    @cmdtbl = []
-    @tags = {}
-  end
-
-  def __destroy_hook__
-    TTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    TMarkID_TBL.delete(@path)
-  end
-
-  def create_self(keys)
-    if keys and keys != None
-      tk_call 'text', @path, *hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      tk_call 'text', @path
-    end
-    init_instance_variable
-  end
-  private :create_self
-
-  def index(index)
-    tk_send 'index', index
-  end
-
-  def value
-    tk_send 'get', "1.0", "end - 1 char"
-  end
-
-  def value= (val)
-    tk_send 'delete', "1.0", 'end'
-    tk_send 'insert', "1.0", val
-  end
-
-  def _addcmd(cmd)
-    @cmdtbl.push cmd
-  end
-
-  def _addtag(name, obj)
-    @tags[name] = obj
-  end
-
-  def tagid2obj(tagid)
-    if @tags[tagid]
-      @tags[tagid]
-    else
-      tagid
-    end
-  end
-
-  def tag_names(index=None)
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('tag', 'names', index)).collect{|elt|
-      tagid2obj(elt)
-    }
-  end
-
-  def mark_names
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('mark', 'names')).collect{|elt|
-      tagid2obj(elt)
-    }
-  end
-
-  def mark_gravity(mark, direction=nil)
-    if direction
-      tk_send 'mark', 'gravity', mark, direction
-      self
-    else
-      tk_send 'mark', 'gravity', mark
-    end
-  end
-
-  def mark_set(mark, index)
-    tk_send 'mark', 'set', mark, index
-    self
-  end
-  alias set_mark mark_set
-
-  def mark_unset(*marks)
-    tk_send 'mark', 'unset', *marks
-    self
-  end
-  alias unset_mark mark_unset
-
-  def mark_next(index)
-    tagid2obj(tk_send('mark', 'next', index))
-  end
-  alias next_mark mark_next
-
-  def mark_previous(index)
-    tagid2obj(tk_send('mark', 'previous', index))
-  end
-  alias previous_mark mark_previous
-
-  def image_cget(index, slot)
-    case slot.to_s
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-      tk_send('image', 'cget', index, "-#{slot}")
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('image', 'cget', index, "-#{slot}"))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def image_configure(index, slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      tk_send('image', 'configure', index, *hash_kv(slot))
-    else
-      tk_send('image', 'configure', index, "-#{slot}", value)
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def image_configinfo(index, slot = nil)
-    if slot
-      case slot.to_s
-      when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('image', 'configure', 
-					   index, "-#{slot}"))
-      else
-	conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('image', 'configure', 
-				     index, "-#{slot}"))
-      end
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('image', 'configure', 
-				  index)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	case conf[0]
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	else
-	  if conf[3]
-	    if conf[3].index('{')
-	      conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	  if conf[4]
-	    if conf[4].index('{')
-	      conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  def image_names
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('image', 'names')).collect{|elt|
-      tagid2obj(elt)
-    }
-  end
-
-  def set_insert(index)
-    tk_send 'mark', 'set', 'insert', index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def set_current(index)
-    tk_send 'mark', 'set', 'current', index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def insert(index, chars, *tags)
-    if tags[0].kind_of? Array
-      # multiple chars-taglist argument
-      args = [chars]
-      while tags.size > 0
-	tags.shift.collect{|x|_get_eval_string(x)}.join(' ')  # taglist
-	args << tags.shift if tags.size > 0                   # chars
-      end
-      super index, *args
-    else
-      # single chars-taglist argument
-      super index, chars, tags.collect{|x|_get_eval_string(x)}.join(' ')
-    end
-  end
-
-  def destroy
-    @tags = {} unless @tags
-    @tags.each_value do |t|
-      t.destroy
-    end
-    super
-  end
-
-  def backspace
-    self.delete 'insert'
-  end
-
-  def compare(idx1, op, idx2)
-    bool(tk_send('compare', idx1, op, idx2))
-  end
-
-  def debug
-    bool(tk_send('debug'))
-  end
-  def debug=(boolean)
-    tk_send 'debug', boolean
-    self
-  end
-  def bbox(index)
-    list(tk_send('bbox', index))
-  end
-
-  def dlineinfo(index)
-    list(tk_send('dlineinfo', index))
-  end
-
-  def modified?
-    bool(tk_send('edit', 'modified'))
-  end
-  def modified(mode)
-    tk_send('edit', 'modified', mode)
-    self
-  end
-  def edit_redo
-    tk_send('edit', 'redo')
-    self
-  end
-  def edit_reset
-    tk_send('edit', 'reset')
-    self
-  end
-  def edit_separator
-    tk_send('edit', 'separator')
-    self
-  end
-  def edit_undo
-    tk_send('edit', 'undo')
-    self
-  end
-
-  def yview_pickplace(*what)
-    tk_send 'yview', '-pickplace', *what
-    self
-  end
-
-  def xview_pickplace(*what)
-    tk_send 'xview', '-pickplace', *what
-    self
-  end
-
-  def text_copy
-    # Tk8.4 feature
-    tk_call('tk_textCopy', @path)
-  end
-
-  def text_cut
-    # Tk8.4 feature
-    tk_call('tk_textCut', @path)
-  end
-
-  def text_paste
-    # Tk8.4 feature
-    tk_call('tk_textPaste', @path)
-  end
-
-  def tag_add(tag, index1, index2=None)
-    tk_send 'tag', 'add', tag, index1, index2
-    self
-  end
-  alias addtag tag_add
-  alias add_tag tag_add
-
-  def tag_delete(*tags)
-    tk_send 'tag', 'delete', *tags
-    if TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path]
-      tags.each{|tag|
-	if tag.kind_of? TkTextTag
-	  TTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag.id) 
-	else
-	  TTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag) 
-	end
-      }
-    end
-    self
-  end
-  alias deltag tag_delete
-  alias delete_tag tag_delete
-
-  def tag_bind(tag, seq, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    _bind([@path, 'tag', 'bind', tag], seq, cmd, args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_bind_append(tag, seq, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    _bind_append([@path, 'tag', 'bind', tag], seq, cmd, args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_bind_remove(tag, seq)
-    _bind_remove([@path, 'tag', 'bind', tag], seq)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_bindinfo(tag, context=nil)
-    _bindinfo([@path, 'tag', 'bind', tag], context)
-  end
-
-  def tag_cget(tag, key)
-    case key.to_s
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-      tk_call(@path, 'tag', 'cget', tag, "-#{key}")
-    when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('tag', 'cget', tag, "-#{key}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('tag', 'cget', tag, '-font'))
-      unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fnt = tagfontobj(tag, fnt)
-      end
-      if key.to_s == 'kanjifont' && JAPANIZED_TK && TK_VERSION =~ /^4\.*/
-	# obsolete; just for compatibility
-	fnt.kanji_font
-      else
-	fnt
-      end
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(@path, 'tag', 'cget', tag, "-#{key}"))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def tag_configure(tag, key, val=None)
-    if key.kind_of? Hash
-      key = _symbolkey2str(key)
-      if ( key['font'] || key['kanjifont'] \
-	  || key['latinfont'] || key['asciifont'] )
-	tagfont_configure(tag, key)
-      else
-	tk_send 'tag', 'configure', tag, *hash_kv(key)
-      end
-
-    else
-      if  key == 'font' || key == :font || 
-          key == 'kanjifont' || key == :kanjifont ||
-	  key == 'latinfont' || key == :latinfont || 
-          key == 'asciifont' || key == :asciifont
-	if val == None
-	  tagfontobj(tag)
-	else
-	  tagfont_configure(tag, {key=>val})
-	end
-      else
-	tk_send 'tag', 'configure', tag, "-#{key}", val
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_configinfo(tag, key=nil)
-    if key
-      case key.to_s
-      when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('tag','configure',tag,"-#{key}"))
-      when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('tag','configure',tag,"-#{key}") )
-	conf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(tag, conf[4])
-      else
-	conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('tag','configure',tag,"-#{key}"))
-      end
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      ret = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('tag', 'configure', 
-					tag)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	case conf[0]
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	else
-	  if conf[3]
-	    if conf[3].index('{')
-	      conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	  if conf[4]
-	    if conf[4].index('{')
-	      conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-      fontconf = ret.assoc('font')
-      if fontconf
-	ret.delete_if{|item| item[0] == 'font' || item[0] == 'kanjifont'}
-	fontconf[4] = tagfont_configinfo(tag, fontconf[4])
-	ret.push(fontconf)
-      else
-	ret
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def tag_raise(tag, above=None)
-    tk_send 'tag', 'raise', tag, above
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_lower(tag, below=None)
-    tk_send 'tag', 'lower', tag, below
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_remove(tag, *index)
-    tk_send 'tag', 'remove', tag, *index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def tag_ranges(tag)
-    l = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('tag', 'ranges', tag))
-    r = []
-    while key=l.shift
-      r.push [key, l.shift]
-    end
-    r
-  end
-
-  def tag_nextrange(tag, first, last=None)
-    tk_split_list(tk_send('tag', 'nextrange', tag, first, last))
-  end
-
-  def tag_prevrange(tag, first, last=None)
-    tk_split_list(tk_send('tag', 'prevrange', tag, first, last))
-  end
-
-  def window_cget(index, slot)
-    case slot.to_s
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-      tk_send('window', 'cget', index, "-#{slot}")
-    when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('window', 'cget', index, "-#{slot}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('window', 'cget', index, '-font'))
-      unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fnt = tagfontobj(index, fnt)
-      end
-      if slot.to_s == 'kanjifont' && JAPANIZED_TK && TK_VERSION =~ /^4\.*/
-	# obsolete; just for compatibility
-	fnt.kanji_font
-      else
-	fnt
-      end
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('window', 'cget', index, "-#{slot}"))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def window_configure(index, slot, value=None)
-    if index.kind_of? TkTextWindow
-      index.configure(slot, value)
-    else
-      if slot.kind_of? Hash
-	slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
-	win = slot['window']
-	slot['window'] = win.epath if win.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-	if slot['create']
-	  p_create = slot['create']
-	  if p_create.kind_of? Proc
-	    slot['create'] = install_cmd(proc{
-					   id = p_create.call
-					   if id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-					     id.epath
-					   else
-					     id
-					   end
-					 })
-	  end
-	end
-	tk_send('window', 'configure', index, *hash_kv(slot))
-      else
-	if slot == 'window' || slot == :window
-	  id = value 
-	  value = id.epath if id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-	end
-	if slot == 'create' || slot == :create
-	  p_create = value
-	  if p_create.kind_of? Proc
-	    value = install_cmd(proc{
-				  id = p_create.call
-				  if id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-				    id.epath
-				  else
-				    id
-				  end
-				})
-	  end
-	end
-	tk_send('window', 'configure', index, "-#{slot}", value)
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def window_configinfo(win, slot = nil)
-    if slot
-      case slot.to_s
-      when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('window', 'configure', 
-					   win, "-#{slot}"))
-      else
-	conf = tk_split_list(tk_send('window', 'configure', 
-				     win, "-#{slot}"))
-      end
-      conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-      conf
-    else
-      tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('window', 'configure', 
-				  win)).collect{|conflist|
-	conf = tk_split_simplelist(conflist)
-	conf[0] = conf[0][1..-1]
-	case conf[0]
-	when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-	else
-	  if conf[3]
-	    if conf[3].index('{')
-	      conf[3] = tk_split_list(conf[3]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[3] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[3]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	  if conf[4]
-	    if conf[4].index('{')
-	      conf[4] = tk_split_list(conf[4]) 
-	    else
-	      conf[4] = tk_tcl2ruby(conf[4]) 
-	    end
-	  end
-	end
-	conf
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  def window_names
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_send('window', 'names')).collect{|elt|
-      tagid2obj(elt)
-    }
-  end
-
-  def _ktext_length(txt)
-    if $KCODE !~ /n/i
-      return txt.gsub(/[^\Wa-zA-Z_\d]/, ' ').length
-    end
-
-    # $KCODE == 'NONE'
-    if JAPANIZED_TK
-      tk_call('kstring', 'length', txt).to_i
-    else
-      begin
-	tk_call('encoding', 'convertto', 'ascii', txt).length
-      rescue StandardError, NameError
-	# sorry, I have no plan
-	txt.length
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  private :_ktext_length
-
-  def search_with_length(pat,start,stop=None)
-    pat = pat.chr if pat.kind_of? Integer
-    if stop != None
-      return ["", 0] if compare(start,'>=',stop)
-      txt = get(start,stop)
-      if (pos = txt.index(pat))
-	match = $&
-	#pos = txt[0..(pos-1)].split('').length if pos > 0
-	pos = _ktext_length(txt[0..(pos-1)]) if pos > 0
-	if pat.kind_of? String
-	  #return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), pat.split('').length]
-	  return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), 
-		  _ktext_length(pat), pat.dup]
-	else
-	  #return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), $&.split('').length]
-	  return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), 
-		  _ktext_length(match), match]
-	end
-      else
-	return ["", 0]
-      end
-    else
-      txt = get(start,'end - 1 char')
-      if (pos = txt.index(pat))
-	match = $&
-	#pos = txt[0..(pos-1)].split('').length if pos > 0
-	pos = _ktext_length(txt[0..(pos-1)]) if pos > 0
-	if pat.kind_of? String
-	  #return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), pat.split('').length]
-	  return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), 
-		  _ktext_length(pat), pat.dup]
-	else
-	  #return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), $&.split('').length]
-	  return [index(start + " + #{pos} chars"), 
-		  _ktext_length(match), match]
-	end
-      else
-	txt = get('1.0','end - 1 char')
-	if (pos = txt.index(pat))
-	  match = $&
-	  #pos = txt[0..(pos-1)].split('').length if pos > 0
-	  pos = _ktext_length(txt[0..(pos-1)]) if pos > 0
-	  if pat.kind_of? String
-	    #return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), pat.split('').length]
-	    return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), 
-		    _ktext_length(pat), pat.dup]
-	  else
-	    #return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), $&.split('').length]
-	    return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(match), match]
-	  end
-	else
-	  return ["", 0]
-	end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def search(pat,start,stop=None)
-    search_with_length(pat,start,stop)[0]
-  end
-
-  def rsearch_with_length(pat,start,stop=None)
-    pat = pat.chr if pat.kind_of? Integer
-    if stop != None
-      return ["", 0] if compare(start,'<=',stop)
-      txt = get(stop,start)
-      if (pos = txt.rindex(pat))
-	match = $&
-	#pos = txt[0..(pos-1)].split('').length if pos > 0
-	pos = _ktext_length(txt[0..(pos-1)]) if pos > 0
-	if pat.kind_of? String
-	  #return [index(stop + " + #{pos} chars"), pat.split('').length]
-	  return [index(stop + " + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(pat), pat.dup]
-	else
-	  #return [index(stop + " + #{pos} chars"), $&.split('').length]
-	  return [index(stop + " + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(match), match]
-	end
-      else
-	return ["", 0]
-      end
-    else
-      txt = get('1.0',start)
-      if (pos = txt.rindex(pat))
-	match = $&
-	#pos = txt[0..(pos-1)].split('').length if pos > 0
-	pos = _ktext_length(txt[0..(pos-1)]) if pos > 0
-	if pat.kind_of? String
-	  #return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), pat.split('').length]
-	  return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(pat), pat.dup]
-	else
-	  #return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), $&.split('').length]
-	  return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(match), match]
-	end
-      else
-	txt = get('1.0','end - 1 char')
-	if (pos = txt.rindex(pat))
-	  match = $&
-	  #pos = txt[0..(pos-1)].split('').length if pos > 0
-	  pos = _ktext_length(txt[0..(pos-1)]) if pos > 0
-	  if pat.kind_of? String
-	    #return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), pat.split('').length]
-	    return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(pat), pat.dup]
-	  else
-	    #return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), $&.split('').length]
-	    return [index("1.0 + #{pos} chars"), _ktext_length(match), match]
-	  end
-	else
-	  return ["", 0]
-	end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def rsearch(pat,start,stop=None)
-    rsearch_with_length(pat,start,stop)[0]
-  end
-
-  def dump(type_info, *index, &block)
-    args = type_info.collect{|inf| '-' + inf}
-    args << '-command' << block if block
-    str = tk_send('dump', *(args + index))
-    result = []
-    sel = nil
-    i = 0
-    while i < str.size
-      # retrieve key
-      idx = str.index(/ /, i)
-      result.push str[i..(idx-1)]
-      i = idx + 1
-      
-      # retrieve value
-      case result[-1]
-      when 'text'
-	if str[i] == ?{
-	  # text formed as {...}
-	  val, i = _retrieve_braced_text(str, i)
-	  result.push val
-	else
-	  # text which may contain backslahes
-	  val, i = _retrieve_backslashed_text(str, i)
-	  result.push val
-	end
-      else
-	idx = str.index(/ /, i)
-	val = str[i..(idx-1)]
-	case result[-1]
-	when 'mark'
-	  case val
-	  when 'insert'
-	    result.push TkTextMarkInsert.new(self)
-	  when 'current'
-	    result.push TkTextMarkCurrent.new(self)
-	  when 'anchor'
-	    result.push TkTextMarkAnchor.new(self)
-	  else
-	    result.push tk_tcl2ruby(val)
-	  end
-	when 'tagon'
-	  if val == 'sel'
-	    if sel
-	      result.push sel
-	    else
-	      result.push TkTextTagSel.new(self)
-	    end
-	  else
-	    result.push tk_tcl2ruby(val)
-	  end
-	when 'tagoff'
-	    result.push tk_tcl2ruby(val)
-	when 'window'
-	  result.push tk_tcl2ruby(val)
-	end
-	i = idx + 1
-      end
-
-      # retrieve index
-      idx = str.index(/ /, i)
-      if idx
-	result.push str[i..(idx-1)]
-	i = idx + 1
-      else
-	result.push str[i..-1]
-	break
-      end
-    end
-    
-    kvis = []
-    until result.empty?
-      kvis.push [result.shift, result.shift, result.shift]
-    end
-    kvis  # result is [[key1, value1, index1], [key2, value2, index2], ...]
-  end
-
-  def _retrieve_braced_text(str, i)
-    cnt = 0
-    idx = i
-    while idx < str.size
-      case str[idx]
-      when ?{
-	cnt += 1
-      when ?}
-	cnt -= 1
-	if cnt == 0
-	  break
-	end
-      end
-      idx += 1
-    end
-    return str[i+1..idx-1], idx + 2
-  end
-  private :_retrieve_braced_text
-
-  def _retrieve_backslashed_text(str, i)
-    j = i
-    idx = nil
-    loop {
-      idx = str.index(/ /, j)
-      if str[idx-1] == ?\\
-	j += 1
-      else
-	break
-      end
-    }
-    val = str[i..(idx-1)]
-    val.gsub!(/\\( |\{|\})/, '\1')
-    return val, idx + 1
-  end
-  private :_retrieve_backslashed_text
-
-  def dump_all(*index, &block)
-    dump(['all'], *index, &block)
-  end
-  def dump_mark(*index, &block)
-    dump(['mark'], *index, &block)
-  end
-  def dump_tag(*index, &block)
-    dump(['tag'], *index, &block)
-  end
-  def dump_text(*index, &block)
-    dump(['text'], *index, &block)
-  end
-  def dump_window(*index, &block)
-    dump(['window'], *index, &block)
-  end
-  def dump_image(*index, &block)
-    dump(['image'], *index, &block)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextTag<TkObject
-  include TkTreatTagFont
-
-  TTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_TextTag_ID = ['tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TTagID_TBL.clear }
-
-  def TkTextTag.id2obj(text, id)
-    tpath = text.path
-    return id unless TTagID_TBL[tpath]
-    TTagID_TBL[tpath][id]? TTagID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, *args)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkText)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkText", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @parent = @t = parent
-    @tpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = Tk_TextTag_ID.join
-    TTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-    TTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-    TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    Tk_TextTag_ID[1].succ!
-    #tk_call @t.path, "tag", "configure", @id, *hash_kv(keys)
-    if args != [] then
-      keys = args.pop
-      if keys.kind_of? Hash then
-	add(*args) if args != []
-	configure(keys)
-      else
-	args.push keys
-	add(*args)
-      end
-    end
-    @t._addtag id, self
-  end
-
-  def id
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def first
-    @id + '.first'
-  end
-
-  def last
-    @id + '.last'
-  end
-
-  def add(*index)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'add', @id, *index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def remove(*index)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'remove', @id, *index
-    self
-  end
-
-  def ranges
-    l = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(@t.path, 'tag', 'ranges', @id))
-    r = []
-    while key=l.shift
-      r.push [key, l.shift]
-    end
-    r
-  end
-
-  def nextrange(first, last=None)
-    tk_split_list(tk_call(@t.path, 'tag', 'nextrange', @id, first, last))
-  end
-
-  def prevrange(first, last=None)
-    tk_split_list(tk_call(@t.path, 'tag', 'prevrange', @id, first, last))
-  end
-
-  def [](key)
-    cget key
-  end
-
-  def []=(key,val)
-    configure key, val
-  end
-
-  def cget(key)
-    case key.to_s
-    when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
-      tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'cget', @id, "-#{key}"
-    when 'font', 'kanjifont'
-      #fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(@t.path, 'tag', 'cget', @id, "-#{key}"))
-      fnt = tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(@t.path, 'tag', 'cget', @id, '-font'))
-      unless fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
-	fnt = tagfontobj(@id, fnt)
-      end
-      if key.to_s == 'kanjifont' && JAPANIZED_TK && TK_VERSION =~ /^4\.*/
-	# obsolete; just for compatibility
-	fnt.kanji_font
-      else
-	fnt
-      end
-    else
-      tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call(@t.path, 'tag', 'cget', @id, "-#{key}"))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def configure(key, val=None)
-    @t.tag_configure @id, key, val
-  end
-#  def configure(key, val=None)
-#    if key.kind_of? Hash
-#      tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'configure', @id, *hash_kv(key)
-#    else
-#      tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'configure', @id, "-#{key}", val
-#    end
-#  end
-#  def configure(key, value)
-#    if value == FALSE
-#      value = "0"
-#    elsif value.kind_of? Proc
-#      value = install_cmd(value)
-#    end
-#    tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'configure', @id, "-#{key}", value
-#  end
-
-  def configinfo(key=nil)
-    @t.tag_configinfo @id, key
-  end
-
-  def bind(seq, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    _bind([@t.path, 'tag', 'bind', @id], seq, cmd, args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bind_append(seq, cmd=Proc.new, args=nil)
-    _bind_append([@t.path, 'tag', 'bind', @id], seq, cmd, args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bind_remove(seq)
-    _bind_remove([@t.path, 'tag', 'bind', @id], seq)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def bindinfo(context=nil)
-    _bindinfo([@t.path, 'tag', 'bind', @id], context)
-  end
-
-  def raise(above=None)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'raise', @id, above
-    self
-  end
-
-  def lower(below=None)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'lower', @id, below
-    self
-  end
-
-  def destroy
-    tk_call @t.path, 'tag', 'delete', @id
-    TTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id) if TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-    self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextNamedTag<TkTextTag
-  def self.new(parent, name, *args)
-    if TTagID_TBL[parent.path] && TTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      tagobj = TTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      if args != [] then
-	keys = args.pop
-	if keys.kind_of? Hash then
-	  tagobj.add(*args) if args != []
-	  tagobj.configure(keys)
-	else
-	  args.push keys
-	  tagobj.add(*args)
-	end
-      end
-      return tagobj
-    else
-      super(parent, name, *args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, name, *args)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkText)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkText", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @parent = @t = parent
-    @tpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = name
-    TTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-    TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id]
-    #if mode
-    #  tk_call @t.path, "addtag", @id, *args
-    #end
-    if args != [] then
-      keys = args.pop
-      if keys.kind_of? Hash then
-	add(*args) if args != []
-	configure(keys)
-      else
-	args.push keys
-	add(*args)
-      end
-    end
-    @t._addtag id, self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextTagSel<TkTextNamedTag
-  def self.new(parent, *args)
-    super(parent, 'sel', *args)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextMark<TkObject
-  TMarkID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  Tk_TextMark_ID = ['mark'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TMarkID_TBL.clear }
-
-  def TkTextMark.id2obj(text, id)
-    tpath = text.path
-    return id unless TMarkID_TBL[tpath]
-    TMarkID_TBL[tpath][id]? TMarkID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, index)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkText)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkText", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @parent = @t = parent
-    @tpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = Tk_TextMark_ID.join
-    TMarkID_TBL[@id] = self
-    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath]
-    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    Tk_TextMark_ID[1].succ!
-    tk_call @t.path, 'mark', 'set', @id, index
-    @t._addtag id, self
-  end
-
-  def id
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def +(mod)
-    @id + ' + ' + mod
-  end
-  def -(mod)
-    @id + ' - ' + mod
-  end
-
-  def set(where)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'mark', 'set', @id, where
-    self
-  end
-
-  def unset
-    tk_call @t.path, 'mark', 'unset', @id
-    self
-  end
-  alias destroy unset
-
-  def gravity
-    tk_call @t.path, 'mark', 'gravity', @id
-  end
-
-  def gravity=(direction)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'mark', 'gravity', @id, direction
-    self
-  end
-
-  def next(index = nil)
-    if index
-      @t.tagid2obj(tk_call(@t.path, 'mark', 'next', index))
-    else
-      @t.tagid2obj(tk_call(@t.path, 'mark', 'next', @id))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def previous(index = nil)
-    if index
-      @t.tagid2obj(tk_call(@t.path, 'mark', 'previous', index))
-    else
-      @t.tagid2obj(tk_call(@t.path, 'mark', 'previous', @id))
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextNamedMark<TkTextMark
-  def self.new(parent, name, *args)
-    if TMarkID_TBL[parent.path] && TMarkID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      return TMarkID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-    else
-      super(parent, name, *args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent, name, index=nil)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkText)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkText", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @parent = @t = parent
-    @tpath = parent.path
-    @path = @id = name
-    TMarkID_TBL[@id] = self
-    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath]
-    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id]
-    tk_call @t.path, 'mark', 'set', @id, index if index
-    @t._addtag id, self
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextMarkInsert<TkTextNamedMark
-  def self.new(parent,*args)
-    super(parent, 'insert', *args)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextMarkCurrent<TkTextMark
-  def self.new(parent,*args)
-    super(parent, 'current', *args)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextMarkAnchor<TkTextMark
-  def self.new(parent,*args)
-    super(parent, 'anchor', *args)
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextWindow<TkObject
-  def initialize(parent, index, keys)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkText)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkText", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @t = parent
-    if index == 'end'
-      @path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', 'end - 1 chars'))
-    elsif index.kind_of? TkTextMark
-      if tk_call(@t.path,'index',index.path) == tk_call(@t.path,'index','end')
-	@path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', 'end - 1 chars'))
-      else
-	@path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', index.path))
-      end
-    else
-      @path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', index))
-    end
-    @path.gravity = 'left'
-    @index = @path.path
-    keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-    @id = keys['window']
-    keys['window'] = @id.epath if @id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-    if keys['create']
-      @p_create = keys['create']
-      if @p_create.kind_of? Proc
-	keys['create'] = install_cmd(proc{
-				       @id = @p_create.call
-				       if @id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-					 @id.epath
-				       else
-					 @id
-				       end
-				     })
-      end
-    end
-    tk_call @t.path, 'window', 'create', @index, *hash_kv(keys)
-  end
-
-  def [](slot)
-    cget(slot)
-  end
-  def []=(slot, value)
-    configure(slot, value)
-  end
-
-  def cget(slot)
-    @t.window_cget(@index, slot)
-  end
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    if slot.kind_of? Hash
-      slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
-      if slot['window']
-	@id = slot['window'] 
-	slot['window'] = @id.epath if @id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-      end
-      if slot['create']
-	self.create=slot.delete('create')
-      end
-      if slot.size > 0
-	tk_call(@t.path, 'window', 'configure', @index, *hash_kv(slot))
-      end
-    else
-      if slot == 'window' || slot == :window
-	@id = value 
-	value = @id.epath if @id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-      end
-      if slot == 'create' || slot == :create
-	self.create=value
-      else
-	tk_call(@t.path, 'window', 'configure', @index, "-#{slot}", value)
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def configinfo(slot = nil)
-    @t.window_configinfo(@index, slot)
-  end
-
-  def window
-    @id
-  end
-
-  def window=(value)
-    @id = value
-    value = @id.epath if @id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'window', 'configure', @index, '-window', value
-  end
-
-  def create
-    @p_create
-  end
-
-  def create=(value)
-    @p_create = value
-    if @p_create.kind_of? Proc
-      value = install_cmd(proc{
-			    @id = @p_create.call
-			    if @id.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-			      @id.epath
-			    else
-			      @id
-			    end
-			  })
-    end
-    tk_call @t.path, 'window', 'configure', @index, '-create', value
-  end
-end
-
-class TkTextImage<TkObject
-  def initialize(parent, index, keys)
-    if not parent.kind_of?(TkText)
-      fail Kernel.format("%s need to be TkText", parent.inspect)
-    end
-    @t = parent
-    if index == 'end'
-      @path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', 'end - 1 chars'))
-    elsif index.kind_of? TkTextMark
-      if tk_call(@t.path,'index',index.path) == tk_call(@t.path,'index','end')
-	@path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', 'end - 1 chars'))
-      else
-	@path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', index.path))
-      end
-    else
-      @path = TkTextMark.new(@t, tk_call(@t.path, 'index', index))
-    end
-    @path.gravity = 'left'
-    @index = @path.path
-    @id = tk_call(@t.path, 'image', 'create', @index, *hash_kv(keys))
-  end
-
-  def [](slot)
-    cget(slot)
-  end
-  def []=(slot, value)
-    configure(slot, value)
-  end
-
-  def cget(slot)
-    @t.image_cget(@index, slot)
-  end
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    @t.image_configure(@index, slot, value)
-    self
-  end
-#  def configure(slot, value)
-#    tk_call @t.path, 'image', 'configure', @index, "-#{slot}", value
-#  end
-
-  def configinfo(slot = nil)
-    @t.image_configinfo(@index, slot)
-  end
-
-  def image
-    img = tk_call(@t.path, 'image', 'configure', @index, '-image')
-    TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[img]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[img] : img
-  end
-
-  def image=(value)
-    tk_call @t.path, 'image', 'configure', @index, '-image', value
-    self
-  end
-end
+#   tktext.rb - load tk/text.rb
+#
+require 'tk/text'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkvirtevent.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkvirtevent.rb
index ccd344843..f4fae19a0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkvirtevent.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkvirtevent.rb
@@ -1,85 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkvirtevent.rb : treats virtual events
-#                     1998/07/16 by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+#   tkvirtevent.rb - load tk/virtevent.rb
 #
-require 'tk'
-
-class TkVirtualEvent<TkObject
-  extend Tk
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['event'.freeze].freeze
-
-  TkVirtualEventID = ["<VirtEvent".freeze, "00000".taint, ">".freeze].freeze
-  TkVirtualEventTBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TkVirtualEventTBL.clear }
-
-  class PreDefVirtEvent<self
-    def initialize(event)
-      @path = @id = event
-      TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL[@id] = self
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkVirtualEvent.getobj(event)
-    obj = TkVirtualEventTBL[event]
-    if obj
-      obj
-    else
-      if tk_call('event', 'info').index("<#{event}>")
-	PreDefVirtEvent.new(event)
-      else
-	fail ArgumentError, "undefined virtual event '<#{event}>'"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def TkVirtualEvent.info
-    tk_call('event', 'info').split(/\s+/).collect!{|seq|
-      TkVirtualEvent.getobj(seq[1..-2])
-    }
-  end
-
-  def initialize(*sequences)
-    @path = @id = TkVirtualEventID.join
-    TkVirtualEventID[1].succ!
-    add(*sequences)
-  end
-
-  def add(*sequences)
-    if sequences != []
-      tk_call('event', 'add', "<#{@id}>", 
-	      *(sequences.collect{|seq| "<#{tk_event_sequence(seq)}>"}) )
-      TkVirtualEventTBL[@id] = self
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def delete(*sequences)
-    if sequences == []
-      tk_call('event', 'delete', "<#{@id}>")
-      TkVirtualEventTBL.delete(@id)
-    else
-      tk_call('event', 'delete', "<#{@id}>", 
-	      *(sequences.collect{|seq| "<#{tk_event_sequence(seq)}>"}) )
-      TkVirtualEventTBL.delete(@id) if info == []
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  def info
-    tk_call('event', 'info', "<#{@id}>").split(/\s+/).collect!{|seq|
-      l = seq.scan(/<*[^<>]+>*/).collect!{|subseq|
-	case (subseq)
-	when /^<<[^<>]+>>$/
-	  TkVirtualEvent.getobj(subseq[1..-2])
-	when /^<[^<>]+>$/
-	  subseq[1..-2]
-	else
-	  subseq.split('')
-	end
-      }.flatten
-      (l.size == 1) ? l[0] : l
-    }
-  end
-end
+require 'tk/virtevent'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkwinpkg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkwinpkg.rb
index 7762b3a59..83371c546 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkwinpkg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkwinpkg.rb
@@ -1,84 +1,4 @@
 #
-#   tkwinpkg.rb : methods for Tcl/Tk packages for Microsoft Windows
-#                     2000/11/22 by Hidetoshi Nagai <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+#   tkwinpkg.rb - load tk/winpkg.rb
 #
-#     ATTENTION !!
-#         This is NOT TESTED. Because I have no test-environment.
-#
-#
-require 'tk'
-
-module TkWinDDE
-  extend Tk
-  extend TkWinDDE
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['dde'.freeze].freeze
-
-  tk_call('package', 'require', 'dde')
-
-  def servername(topic=nil)
-    tk_call('dde', 'servername', topic)
-  end
-
-  def execute(service, topic, data)
-    tk_call('dde', 'execute', service, topic, data)
-  end
-
-  def async_execute(service, topic, data)
-    tk_call('dde', '-async', 'execute', service, topic, data)
-  end
-
-  def poke(service, topic, item, data)
-    tk_call('dde', 'poke', service, topic, item, data)
-  end
-
-  def request(service, topic, item)
-    tk_call('dde', 'request', service, topic, item)
-  end
-
-  def services(service, topic)
-    tk_call('dde', 'services', service, topic)
-  end
-
-  def eval(topic, cmd, *args)
-    tk_call('dde', 'eval', topic, cmd, *args)
-  end
-
-  module_function :servername, :execute, :async_execute, 
-                  :poke, :request, :services, :eval
-end
-
-module TkWinRegistry
-  extend Tk
-  extend TkWinRegistry
-
-  TkCommandNames = ['registry'.freeze].freeze
-
-  tk_call('package', 'require', 'registry')
-
-  def delete(keynam, valnam=nil)
-    tk_call('registry', 'delete', keynam, valnam)
-  end
-
-  def get(keynam, valnam)
-    tk_call('registry', 'get', keynam, valnam)
-  end
-
-  def keys(keynam)
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('registry', 'keys', keynam))
-  end
-
-  def set(keynam, valnam=nil, data=nil, dattype=nil)
-    tk_call('registry', 'set', keynam, valnam, data, dattype)
-  end
-
-  def type(keynam, valnam)
-    tk_call('registry', 'type', keynam, valnam)
-  end
-
-  def values(keynam)
-    tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('registry', 'values', keynam))
-  end
-
-  module_function :delete, :get, :keys, :set, :type, :values
-end
+require 'tk/winpkg'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/README.tkencoding b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/README.tkencoding
index 8fcb494c0..f576bc593 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/README.tkencoding
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/README.tkencoding
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+This is a original document of 'tkencoding.rb'. 
+The library 'tkencoding.rb' is obsolete. 
+Functions of tkencoding.rb is already included into Ruby/Tk.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
 tkencoding.rb¤òÍѤ¤¤¿ÆüËܸì¤Îɽ¼¨¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ
 
 Copyright (C) 1999/07, Takaaki Tateishi <ttate@jaist.ac.jp>
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
index 8ee13254e..3f07b8e66 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ if TkWinfo.depth($arrow_canvas) > 1
   $demo_arrowInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'red', 'outline'=>'black', 'width'=>1}
 else
   $demo_arrowInfo.bigLineStyle = {'fill'=>'black', 
-    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 'images', 'grey.25'].join(File::Separator)}
+    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..','images','grey.25'].join(File::Separator)}
   $demo_arrowInfo.boxStyle = {'fill'=>'', 'outline'=>'black', 'width'=>1}
   $demo_arrowInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'black','outline'=>'black','width'=>1}
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
index 5d30d228f..ab2a32de8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
     tagstyle_normal = {'foreground'=>'', 'background'=>''}
   end
 
-  # ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥ÈÁÞÆþ
+  # insert text
   insert 'insert', "The same tag mechanism that controls display styles in text widgets can also be used to associate Tcl commands with regions of text, so that mouse or keyboard actions on the text cause particular Tcl commands to be invoked.  For example, in the text below the descriptions of the canvas demonstrations have been tagged.  When you move the mouse over a demo description the description lights up, and when you press button 1 over a description then that particular demonstration is invoked.
 
 "
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/browse2 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/browse2
index 304a5f547..edad04dbc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/browse2
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/browse2
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ class Browse
     }
 
     # Set up bindings for the browser.
-    base.bind('Control-c', 
-	      proc{
-		base.destroy
+    base.bind('Destroy', proc{
 		Browse::BROWSE_WIN_COUNTER.value = \
-		                Browse::BROWSE_WIN_COUNTER.to_i - 1})
+		                Browse::BROWSE_WIN_COUNTER.to_i - 1
+	      })
+    base.bind('Control-c', proc{base.destroy})
     list.bind('Double-Button-1', 
 	 proc{TkSelection.get.each{|f| self.browse dir, f}})
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
index 2f2be60da..8250c6e5e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   TkGrid.columnconfigure($cscroll_grid, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
 end
 
-# canvas ÀßÄê
+# canvas
 $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo, 
 			       'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2,
 			       'scrollregion'=>['-11c', '-11c', '50c', '20c']
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/dialog1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/dialog1.rb
index 374fedc98..af476ecd0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/dialog1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/dialog1.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class TkDialog_Demo1 < TkDialog
   end
 
   def buttons
-    ["Dismiss", "", "Show Code"]
+    # ["Dismiss", "", "Show Code"]
     ["OK", "Cancel", "Show Code"]
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
index 44f788225..3ec162e48 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ def validatePhoneChange(widget, vmode, idx, char)
     widget.insert(idx, $phoneNumberMap[char] || char)
     Tk.after_idle(proc{phoneSkipRight(widget, -1)})
     return true
+    # Tk.update(true) # Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
+                      # It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
   end
   return false
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
index 7557257ef..0acf8c041 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
@@ -48,30 +48,33 @@ TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
 
 # image 
 flagup = \
-TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
+TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                            'images','flagup.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		  'maskfile'=>\
-		  [$demo_dir,'images','flagup.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
+		  [$demo_dir,'..','images','flagup.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
 flagdown = \
-TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
+TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                            'images','flagdown.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		  'maskfile'=>\
-		  [$demo_dir,'images','flagdown.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
+		  [$demo_dir,'..',
+		    'images','flagdown.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
 
-# ÊÑ¿ôÀ¸À®
+# create variable
 letters = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame
 TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   TkFrame.new(w) {|f|
     TkRadioButton.new(f){
-      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
+      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
+	            'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'full'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     TkRadioButton.new(f){
-      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
+      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
+	             'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'empty'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
@@ -86,7 +89,8 @@ TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
   TkCheckButton.new(w) {
-    bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
+    bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
+                   'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
     indicatoron 0
     selectcolor 'SeaGreen1'
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
index 8d39b2004..05c9705c9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
 
 # image
 image1a = \
-TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
+TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earth.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 image1b = \
-TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
+TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earthris.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # label
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
index 992419567..1aff7173b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
 
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-# ÊÑ¿ôÀ¸À®
-$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'images'].join(File::Separator))
+# create variable
+$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # image
 $image2a = TkPhotoImage.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
index d997ef777..d7d823ccf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # variable
-$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'images'].join(File::Separator))
+$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # image
 begin
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/earth.gif b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/earth.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ae4a9ce0..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/earth.gif
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/earthris.gif b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/earthris.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 48f08c442..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/earthris.gif
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/face.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/face.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index 03d829f4d..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/face.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-#define face_width 108
-#define face_height 144
-#define face_x_hot 48
-#define face_y_hot 80
-static char face_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x09,
-   0x20, 0x80, 0x24, 0x05, 0x00, 0x80, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88,
-   0x24, 0x20, 0x80, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x80, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01,
-   0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x00, 0x92, 0x04, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x40, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x84,
-   0x24, 0x40, 0x22, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x14, 0x84, 0x92, 0x40, 0x42, 0x12, 0x04,
-   0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x52, 0x00, 0x52, 0x11, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x54, 0x85, 0x24,
-   0x00, 0x10, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x44, 0x00, 0x90, 0x5a, 0x00, 0xea,
-   0x1b, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x40, 0x02, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0xa2, 0x05,
-   0x8a, 0xb4, 0x6e, 0x45, 0x12, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x02,
-   0xa8, 0x92, 0x00, 0xda, 0x5f, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x20, 0x41,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x5a, 0x25, 0xa0, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x05, 0x41, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x08, 0x40, 0x80, 0xec, 0x9b, 0xec, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x04, 0x20,
-   0x90, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x20, 0xfb, 0x2e, 0xf5, 0xff, 0xff, 0x57,
-   0x00, 0x04, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x01, 0xc1, 0x6e, 0xab, 0xfa, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x05, 0x90, 0x20, 0x48, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x20, 0xa8, 0xdf, 0xb5,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x04, 0xe0,
-   0xbb, 0xef, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x48, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20,
-   0x80, 0xf4, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x20, 0x90, 0x40, 0x02, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0xb8, 0xf6, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdf, 0xbe, 0x12, 0x45, 0x10,
-   0x90, 0x04, 0x90, 0x00, 0x22, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbb, 0xd7, 0xe9,
-   0x3a, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x90, 0x80, 0xfe, 0xdf, 0xf6, 0xb7, 0xef,
-   0xbe, 0x56, 0x57, 0x40, 0x48, 0x09, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0xfa, 0xf5, 0xdf,
-   0xed, 0x5a, 0xd5, 0xea, 0xbd, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x92, 0xfe,
-   0xbf, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0x6a, 0x55, 0xbf, 0xf7, 0x02, 0x11, 0x01, 0x00, 0x91,
-   0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xaf, 0x55, 0x55, 0x5b, 0xeb, 0xef, 0x22, 0x04, 0x04,
-   0x04, 0x00, 0xa4, 0xff, 0xf7, 0xad, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xbe, 0xfe, 0x03,
-   0x20, 0x00, 0x10, 0x44, 0x80, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x55, 0x12, 0x91, 0x2a, 0xeb,
-   0xbf, 0x0b, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd1, 0x7f, 0xdf, 0xa2, 0xa4, 0x54,
-   0x55, 0xfd, 0xfd, 0x47, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x21, 0xe4, 0xff, 0x37, 0x11,
-   0x09, 0xa5, 0xaa, 0xb6, 0xff, 0x0d, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xd0, 0xff,
-   0x4f, 0x44, 0x20, 0x48, 0x55, 0xfb, 0xff, 0x27, 0x11, 0x02, 0x40, 0x40,
-   0xe2, 0xfb, 0x15, 0x11, 0x4a, 0x55, 0x4a, 0x7d, 0xf7, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x04, 0x08, 0xf8, 0xdf, 0x52, 0x44, 0x01, 0x52, 0xb5, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x49, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0xe9, 0xf6, 0x0a, 0x11, 0xa4, 0x88, 0x4a, 0x6d,
-   0xff, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0xf0, 0x2f, 0x21, 0x44, 0x10, 0x52,
-   0xb5, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x44, 0x04, 0x80, 0x08, 0xf8, 0xab, 0x8a, 0x00,
-   0x81, 0xa4, 0xd4, 0xd6, 0xfe, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x40, 0xb5, 0x2d,
-   0x21, 0x08, 0x04, 0x90, 0xaa, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x11, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04,
-   0xf0, 0x57, 0x0a, 0x22, 0x40, 0x4a, 0xda, 0x5e, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x40, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x20, 0xba, 0x95, 0x90, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0xea, 0xff, 0x5f,
-   0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0xe8, 0x57, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0xd5, 0xfe,
-   0xfd, 0x1f, 0x48, 0x00, 0x04, 0x48, 0x7a, 0x95, 0x08, 0x02, 0x10, 0x40,
-   0xaa, 0x55, 0xf7, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x09, 0x20, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x57, 0x22, 0x10,
-   0x00, 0x28, 0xa9, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0xdd, 0x29,
-   0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xaa, 0xd7, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0xf8, 0x96, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x54, 0xfa, 0xee, 0x3f, 0x81, 0x04,
-   0x40, 0x24, 0xfe, 0x55, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x82, 0xd2, 0xad, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x08, 0x00, 0x04, 0x80, 0x6c, 0x97, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x20, 0xa9, 0xf6,
-   0xdf, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x02, 0x20, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x49, 0x12, 0x00, 0x20, 0x84,
-   0x54, 0xdb, 0xfe, 0x1f, 0x91, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x20,
-   0x00, 0x40, 0xa4, 0xf6, 0xbb, 0x1f, 0x04, 0x00, 0x44, 0x92, 0x7e, 0x95,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x89, 0xaa, 0xdd, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x09, 0x10, 0x00,
-   0xf4, 0x57, 0x20, 0x01, 0x08, 0x20, 0xa9, 0x76, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x21, 0xfc, 0x4a, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x54, 0xdb, 0xff, 0x1e,
-   0x08, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0xf9, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x28, 0xd2, 0xf6,
-   0xff, 0xbf, 0x80, 0x00, 0x90, 0x00, 0xbc, 0x92, 0x08, 0x10, 0x00, 0x82,
-   0x54, 0xdb, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x44, 0xf9, 0x55, 0x02, 0x01,
-   0x00, 0x20, 0xaa, 0xbd, 0xfd, 0x3f, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x10, 0xf4, 0x2a,
-   0x01, 0x00, 0x22, 0x80, 0xd4, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x82, 0x00, 0x40, 0x02,
-   0xf8, 0x55, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x6a, 0xdf, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x48, 0xe9, 0x4a, 0x05, 0x08, 0x00, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xf5, 0xff, 0x3f,
-   0x10, 0x01, 0x10, 0x01, 0xb0, 0xab, 0x92, 0x02, 0x40, 0xf8, 0xbf, 0xde,
-   0xfe, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x04, 0x04, 0x48, 0xfa, 0xd4, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x84, 0xef,
-   0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xed, 0xbf, 0x0b,
-   0xa1, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0x5f, 0x04, 0x01, 0x20, 0x49, 0xd2, 0xfb,
-   0xfe, 0x55, 0xd4, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0xc0, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x2b, 0xa2, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xdf, 0xee, 0x1f, 0x91, 0x00,
-   0x82, 0xa4, 0xa4, 0xf5, 0xff, 0x57, 0xd5, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x4d,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x88, 0x5b, 0xff, 0x2f, 0x69, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdb,
-   0xfe, 0x1f, 0x24, 0x02, 0x00, 0x49, 0xa2, 0xd6, 0xff, 0x5f, 0xea, 0xff,
-   0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x40, 0xab, 0xf7, 0xbb,
-   0xf0, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xd5, 0xff, 0xbf, 0x82, 0x04, 0x42, 0x24, 0x91, 0xd5,
-   0xaa, 0xae, 0xd4, 0xaa, 0x52, 0x7b, 0xff, 0x15, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
-   0x04, 0x55, 0xd5, 0x55, 0x70, 0x5b, 0x75, 0xdd, 0xdf, 0x1f, 0x40, 0x00,
-   0x08, 0x48, 0xa0, 0x4a, 0xa9, 0x56, 0xea, 0x56, 0xad, 0x6a, 0x7d, 0x9b,
-   0x04, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x42, 0x2a, 0xd5, 0xaa, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xfa,
-   0xdf, 0x2f, 0x10, 0x04, 0x22, 0x48, 0x08, 0x45, 0x2a, 0x15, 0x68, 0x55,
-   0x55, 0xd7, 0x76, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x2a, 0x80, 0xa0,
-   0xb2, 0x09, 0x48, 0xb9, 0xdf, 0x17, 0x22, 0x01, 0x00, 0x24, 0x45, 0x8a,
-   0x24, 0x4a, 0x54, 0x51, 0x91, 0xf6, 0x6e, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x90, 0x00,
-   0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x20, 0x69, 0x05, 0xa4, 0xaa, 0xff, 0x1e, 0x48, 0x00,
-   0x02, 0x92, 0x08, 0x05, 0x81, 0x94, 0xd4, 0x92, 0x40, 0xfd, 0xb6, 0x8b,
-   0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x00, 0x82, 0x54, 0x00, 0x48, 0x68, 0x05, 0x90, 0xa4,
-   0xef, 0x06, 0x24, 0x00, 0x08, 0x12, 0x10, 0x05, 0x00, 0x10, 0xb5, 0x01,
-   0x42, 0xfb, 0xbf, 0x43, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x40, 0x81, 0xa8, 0x08, 0x4a,
-   0xaa, 0x96, 0x90, 0xac, 0x6d, 0x15, 0x22, 0x00, 0x20, 0x09, 0x04, 0x15,
-   0x80, 0x28, 0xdc, 0x01, 0x24, 0xfb, 0xbf, 0x01, 0x80, 0x04, 0x09, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x48, 0x02, 0x45, 0xb2, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x6d, 0xef, 0x05, 0x11, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x52, 0x02, 0x15, 0x29, 0x2a, 0xac, 0x42, 0x54, 0xfb, 0x3b, 0x51,
-   0x84, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0x54, 0x80, 0x05, 0xb5, 0x3d, 0xa2, 0xb6,
-   0xdf, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x20, 0x49, 0x89, 0xa8, 0x6a, 0x29, 0xac, 0xd6,
-   0x54, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x84, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00, 0x94, 0xa8, 0x56,
-   0xda, 0x5f, 0xab, 0xd5, 0x1e, 0x10, 0x48, 0x00, 0x90, 0x82, 0x48, 0xa8,
-   0xb2, 0xac, 0xfd, 0x55, 0xd5, 0xfe, 0x9f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x08,
-   0x02, 0x55, 0x5a, 0x75, 0xff, 0xaf, 0xb6, 0xf7, 0x2d, 0x12, 0x92, 0x00,
-   0x10, 0x20, 0x10, 0xa8, 0x54, 0xd5, 0xbf, 0x5d, 0xad, 0xdd, 0x0f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x04, 0x40, 0x09, 0x84, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0x5a, 0xed, 0xeb, 0x6a, 0xff,
-   0x9f, 0xa4, 0x24, 0x01, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x20, 0x50, 0x55, 0xd5, 0xbe, 0xae,
-   0xad, 0xfd, 0x16, 0x00, 0x10, 0x04, 0x20, 0x0a, 0x08, 0xb4, 0xaa, 0x95,
-   0xaa, 0x7b, 0xb7, 0xdb, 0x5f, 0x92, 0x04, 0x01, 0x84, 0x20, 0x21, 0x51,
-   0xd5, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0xee, 0xd5, 0xfe, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00,
-   0x08, 0x50, 0xe9, 0xd7, 0xd4, 0xfb, 0xb5, 0xff, 0x9f, 0x24, 0x09, 0x01,
-   0x42, 0x4a, 0xa2, 0x64, 0xd5, 0x55, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0xda, 0x7d, 0x4f, 0x00,
-   0x20, 0x04, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x2a, 0x13, 0x84, 0x6a, 0x55, 0xff,
-   0x1d, 0x48, 0x8a, 0x00, 0x94, 0x24, 0x8a, 0xc8, 0xaa, 0x42, 0x20, 0x5d,
-   0xf5, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x20, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x1a,
-   0x82, 0x56, 0xda, 0xbd, 0x3f, 0x92, 0x92, 0x00, 0x90, 0x92, 0x00, 0x40,
-   0x95, 0x6a, 0xf4, 0x55, 0x6d, 0xff, 0xd6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x20,
-   0x14, 0x49, 0x4b, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x56, 0xf5, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xab, 0xa4, 0x00,
-   0x20, 0x89, 0x40, 0x80, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xde, 0xbf, 0xeb, 0x03,
-   0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x2b, 0x2a, 0x55, 0x5b, 0xf5, 0xff,
-   0xd7, 0x2f, 0x92, 0x00, 0x10, 0x28, 0x21, 0x01, 0x56, 0x95, 0xa0, 0x56,
-   0xdf, 0xef, 0xea, 0x87, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x42, 0x41, 0x00, 0x90, 0xaa, 0x52,
-   0xb6, 0xad, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xd5, 0x2f, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x95, 0x04,
-   0xaa, 0xac, 0x55, 0x6b, 0xff, 0xb7, 0xea, 0x9f, 0x40, 0x02, 0x28, 0x51,
-   0x00, 0x40, 0x58, 0xd5, 0xda, 0xd6, 0x6e, 0x7f, 0xf9, 0x3f, 0x12, 0x04,
-   0x02, 0x04, 0x49, 0x25, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x77, 0xab, 0xff, 0x2b, 0xfd, 0x3f,
-   0x48, 0x01, 0x20, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58, 0xa9, 0xda, 0xea, 0xfd, 0xaf,
-   0xfa, 0xff, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x14, 0x29, 0x49, 0x52, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-   0xff, 0x8d, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0xa0, 0xa2,
-   0xaa, 0xea, 0xff, 0x53, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x02, 0x04, 0x50, 0x04, 0x25, 0xa8,
-   0x54, 0x49, 0x52, 0xb5, 0xbf, 0x8a, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xa9, 0x08, 0x04, 0x50,
-   0x80, 0x02, 0xa1, 0x2a, 0x95, 0xea, 0xff, 0xa1, 0xff, 0xff, 0x03, 0x02,
-   0x90, 0x02, 0x09, 0x08, 0x44, 0x49, 0x52, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0xca, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0x2b, 0x09, 0x04, 0x48, 0x40, 0x82, 0x90, 0x56, 0xa9, 0xf6, 0xbf, 0xd0,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0x47, 0x00, 0x50, 0x02, 0x15, 0x11, 0x40, 0x95, 0xaa, 0xfd,
-   0x2f, 0xe9, 0xff, 0xff, 0x8f, 0x0a, 0x84, 0x50, 0x40, 0x84, 0x14, 0xaa,
-   0x6a, 0xff, 0x5f, 0xf2, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x10, 0x02, 0x09, 0x10,
-   0x40, 0x7d, 0xf7, 0xff, 0x0b, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0xaf, 0x02, 0x84, 0x50,
-   0x42, 0x85, 0x12, 0xd0, 0xdd, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xf2, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x04,
-   0x00, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x10, 0x48, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0a, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0x7f, 0x03, 0xa4, 0x80, 0xa2, 0x8a, 0x02, 0x68, 0xff, 0xff, 0x52, 0xfd,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x08, 0x20, 0x28, 0xdc, 0xff, 0x5f,
-   0x05, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0d, 0x92, 0x40, 0x22, 0x09, 0x02, 0xea,
-   0xfb, 0xaf, 0x48, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x12, 0x81, 0xa0,
-   0x48, 0x9c, 0x6e, 0x93, 0xa2, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0xa8, 0x40,
-   0x28, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x74, 0xb5, 0x45, 0x81, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x02, 0x0a, 0x81, 0x20, 0x08, 0xae, 0xaa, 0x90, 0xe8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0x90, 0x40, 0x28, 0x88, 0x12, 0x58, 0x15, 0x50, 0xd0, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x44, 0x0a, 0x41, 0x21, 0x08, 0xae, 0x04, 0x14,
-   0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x40, 0x14, 0x88, 0x04, 0xba,
-   0x02, 0x28, 0xe8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x42, 0x15, 0x41, 0x21,
-   0x05, 0xad, 0x00, 0x05, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x40,
-   0x24, 0x8a, 0x0e, 0x36, 0x00, 0x0a, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x42, 0x25, 0x90, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0xc2, 0x41, 0x05, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x08, 0x05, 0xe8, 0x8e, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0xfa, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x4a, 0x20, 0xa8, 0xba, 0x0b, 0x2b, 0x51, 0x01,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x8a, 0x02, 0xe8, 0xaf, 0x84,
-   0x90, 0x04, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x52, 0x21, 0x54, 0xbf,
-   0x1f, 0x15, 0xa5, 0x02, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x08,
-   0x01, 0xfa, 0xb6, 0xa4, 0x52, 0x40, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x4a, 0xa2, 0x54, 0xef, 0x5f, 0x4b, 0xa4, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0x80, 0x10, 0x82, 0xfe, 0xbf, 0x92, 0x52, 0x42, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x12, 0x42, 0xa8, 0xbf, 0x1f, 0x24, 0x80, 0xa0,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x84, 0x28, 0x8a, 0xf7, 0x37, 0x80,
-   0x52, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x82, 0xe0, 0xff,
-   0x1f, 0x00, 0x20, 0xe1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x84, 0x28,
-   0xca, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x10, 0x42, 0xf0, 0xfd, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x50, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0xa4, 0x10, 0xc5, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x22, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xaa, 0x88, 0xe2, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10,
-   0x00, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x25, 0xfa, 0xff,
-   0x0f, 0x01, 0x11, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xfb,
-   0xfb, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/flagdown.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/flagdown.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index 55abc5182..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/flagdown.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define flagdown_width 48
-#define flagdown_height 48
-static char flagdown_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xe1, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x06, 0x07,
-   0x00, 0xc0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x87, 0x07, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xc7, 0x07,
-   0x00, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xc0, 0xe5, 0x07, 0x00, 0x38, 0x80, 0xe1, 0x74, 0x07,
-   0x00, 0x18, 0x80, 0x71, 0x3c, 0x07, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x1e, 0x03,
-   0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x86, 0x1f, 0x8e, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x05, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x7f, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0xe4, 0xff, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x86, 0x01, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0xff, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0xf7, 0xbf, 0x8e, 0xfc, 0xdf, 0xf8, 0x9d, 0xeb, 0x9b, 0x76, 0xd2, 0x7a,
-   0x46, 0x30, 0xe2, 0x0f, 0xe1, 0x47, 0x55, 0x84, 0x48, 0x11, 0x84, 0x19};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/flagup.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/flagup.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index 6eb0d846a..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/flagup.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define flagup_width 48
-#define flagup_height 48
-static char flagup_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xef, 0x6a, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x7b, 0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x6a, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x01, 0xe0, 0x06, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xc0, 0x1f, 0xe0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0xe0, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x80, 0xe1, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x18, 0x80, 0xf1, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0xfb, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0xff, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x86, 0x1f, 0xee, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0xe6, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x66, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x7f, 0x56, 0x52, 0x06, 0xe4, 0xff, 0x00, 0x76, 0x55, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x56, 0x57, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x56, 0x55, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x56, 0xd5, 0x06, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x86, 0x01, 0x00,
-   0x54, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x54, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x06, 0x00, 0x66, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x06, 0x00, 0x36, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x06, 0x00, 0xbe, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x6f, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x01, 0x88, 0x60, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x60, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x60, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x50, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x95, 0x54, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/gray25.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/gray25.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index b234b3cb0..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/gray25.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define grey_width 16
-#define grey_height 16
-static char grey_bits[] = {
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/grey.25 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/grey.25
deleted file mode 100644
index b234b3cb0..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/grey.25
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define grey_width 16
-#define grey_height 16
-static char grey_bits[] = {
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/grey.5 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/grey.5
deleted file mode 100644
index 37688893f..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/grey.5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define grey_width 16
-#define grey_height 16
-static char grey_bits[] = {
-   0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa,
-   0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa,
-   0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/letters.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/letters.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f12568d1..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/letters.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define letters_width 48
-#define letters_height 48
-static char letters_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
-   0x00, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2e, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2a,
-   0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2e,
-   0xe0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x21, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
-   0xa0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x21, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x21,
-   0xa0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x21, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x21,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x21,
-   0xfa, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0b, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0a, 0x21,
-   0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0a, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0b, 0x21,
-   0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x21,
-   0x02, 0xc0, 0xfb, 0x03, 0x08, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x3f,
-   0x02, 0xc0, 0xbd, 0x0f, 0x08, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01,
-   0x02, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0x7b, 0x08, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/noletter.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/noletter.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index 5774124ef..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/noletter.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define noletters_width 48
-#define noletters_height 48
-static char noletters_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x01, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x01,
-   0x80, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x07,
-   0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0e,
-   0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x1e, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x1c,
-   0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x38, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x07, 0x38,
-   0x3c, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x78, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x41, 0x70,
-   0x1c, 0x04, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x40, 0x70, 0x1c, 0x74, 0x00, 0x78, 0x4e, 0x70,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x74, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x4a, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x80, 0x07, 0x40, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0x40, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x04, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x40, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x40, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x78, 0x00, 0x40, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0xfc, 0xf3, 0x40, 0xe0, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x40, 0x70,
-   0x1c, 0x04, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x40, 0x70, 0x1c, 0x84, 0x07, 0x00, 0x40, 0x70,
-   0x3c, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x78, 0x38, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38,
-   0x38, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x70, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c,
-   0xf0, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e,
-   0xe0, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xc0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x07,
-   0x80, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x01,
-   0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x01, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/pattern.xbm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/pattern.xbm
deleted file mode 100644
index df31baf78..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/pattern.xbm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define foo_width 16
-#define foo_height 16
-static char foo_bits[] = {
-   0x60, 0x06, 0x90, 0x09, 0x90, 0x09, 0xb0, 0x0d, 0x4e, 0x72, 0x49, 0x92,
-   0x71, 0x8e, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x71, 0x8e, 0x49, 0x92, 0x4e, 0x72,
-   0xb0, 0x0d, 0x90, 0x09, 0x90, 0x09, 0x60, 0x06};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/tcllogo.gif b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/tcllogo.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 3fc7720b1..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/tcllogo.gif
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/teapot.ppm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/teapot.ppm
deleted file mode 100644
index 78afefbf8..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/images/teapot.ppm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-P6
-256 256
-255
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-+,!.! "`E6†iYŒlZ�o\“q]•s^�^J™va›wb�ycŸzd {e¤}foTMqUMsVMuWNwXNyYN{ZN|ZN~[N\O�]O‚]Oƒ^O…_O†_O‡`Oˆ`O‰aOŠaP‹bPŒbPŒcP�cPŽcPŽdP�dP�dP�dP�eP‘eP‘eP‘eP’eP’eP’eP’eP’fP’fP’fP“fP’fP’fP’fP’eP’eP’eP‘eP‘eP‘eP�eP�dP�dP�dPŽdPŽcP�cPŒcPŒbP‹bPŠaP‰aOˆ`O‡`O†_O…_Oƒ^O‚]O�]O\O~[N|[N{ZNyYNwXN®ƒi¬ƒiª‚i¨�i¦€hŒhR‰fQ†dQ‚bP•wfx]Oˆpdkbtd_m`]OEDG?A;:@.S….S….S….S….S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Tx«Ty«/S†GlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž…ªÜ…ªÜ…ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž…ªÜ…ªÜ£Ö£Ö£Ö£Ö¤Ö¤Ö¤Ö¤Ö¤ÖEi›€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤×€¤×€¤×€¤×€¥×€¥×€¥×Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Af˜Af˜%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%I|%I|%I|%I|%I|%I|
-+,YA5jPBpSD‹l[�o]’q^–t`‚_Kšwbœycžze {f¡}g¤h¨�i”lSrVMtWMvWNxXNyYN{ZN|[N~[N\O�]O‚]Oƒ^O„_O…_O†`O‡`Oˆ`O‰aPŠaP‹bP‹bPŒbP�cP�cPŽcPŽcP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�eP�eP�eP�eP�eP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dPŽcPŽcP�cP�cPŒbP‹bP‹bPŠaP‰aOˆ`O‡`O†`O…_O„^Oƒ^O‚]O€]O\O~[N|[N{ZNyYNxXN°…j®„j¬„jªƒj¨‚j¦€jŒhSŠgS†eRƒcR|`QŒsf…oe}jcrd`k_]LCDC=@,,3(4F(4F.S….S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«…ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžChšChš¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤ÖEi›Ei›Ei›€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤×€¤×€¤×€¤×Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Bg™Bg™&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%I|%I|%I|%I|%I|#5H71O;3V?4iOBoSDsVF�o]{[I^Kƒ`L…bN‡dOŸ{f }g¢~h¥€j’kT•mU˜oVšqW�rWwXNxXNzYN{ZN}[N~[N\O€]O‚]Oƒ^O„^O…_O…_O†`O‡`Oˆ`O‰aO‰aPŠaP‹bP‹bPŒbPŒbPŒcP�cP�cP�cPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcP�cP�cP�cPŒcPŒbP‹bP‹bP‹bPŠaP‰aP‰aOˆ`O‡`O†_O…_O„_O„^Oƒ^O�]O€\O\N~[N|ZN{ZNyYN›oTšoT™oT—nT¬„lªƒl¨‚l�jUŒiTŠhT†fT€cS�vi‰rg�nfyidqdah^^HBD?<@)+3OZkMYk(5F(5F(5F/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«Ty«Uy«†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžDhšDhšDhšChš&K}&K}&K}&K}&K}&K}ChšChšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Bg™Bg™Bg™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|&J|&J|&J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%I|%I|A99N?;L:2T>4gNBlRD‡k\‹n^z[J~^L�aN…cO‡dP‰fQŠgRŒhT�jU’lV•nW˜pXšrX�sY¶‹q¸�qºŽr¼�r½�r¿�s©z[©z[ªz[«{[¬{[¬{ZÅ“rÅ’qÅ’qÅ’pÅ’pÅ‘o­yV­xV¬xU¬wT¬wTŠaPŠbP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bPŠaPŠaPŠaP‰aP‰aOˆaOˆ`O‡`O‡`O†_O…_O„^Oƒ^O‚^O‚]O�]O€\O~\N}[N|ZNzYN�pTœpU›pUšpU˜oV—oV•nV“mV‘lV�kVŒjVˆhVƒfU~cU�uj†qh~mfugdkaad\^E@D98?$(2minffm^blV^lMYk(5F(5F/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«Uy«Uy«†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸ'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}&K}&K}ChšChšChšChšChšChšChšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™&J|Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|Ae˜Ae˜;GY<68I=:I82Q=4XA6~fZ„j\‰m^�p`|]L€`NƒcP†eQˆgS¡j£€l¦‚m©„n•oX˜qYšrZ�t[¶Œr¸�sº�s¼�t½�t¾‘t¨z]©{]ª{]«{\«{\¬{\¬{[Ä“sÄ“rÄ’rÄ’qÄ’pÄ‘p¬yWÄ�oÃ�nÃ�mÃ�lÂŽlÂŽkÁ�kˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆ`Oˆ`O‡`O‡`O‡`O†`O†_O…_O…_O„_O„^Oƒ^O‚]O�]O€]O\O~\N}[N|ZN¶‰l¶‰lµˆmœqV›qVšqV™pW˜pW–oW¬…nª…n§„n¤‚nŸ€n›~n€eW‘xlŠtk‚piykfodcf_`JDG@>C*,5$1MYk�tr~tstmolinadmX_lNZkMZkTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«Uy«Uy«Uy«†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†«Ý†«Ý†«Ý†«ÝHlŸHlŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸ†«Ý†«Ý†«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«ÝHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸ'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}DhšDhšDhšDhšChšChšChšChšChšChšChšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™&J}&J}&J}Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Af˜Af˜Af˜Af˜;GY;GY;GY1'!D:9N?;N;3]I?zdY€h[†l^‹oa�sc“ue€bQ„dR‡fT l¢�m¦ƒn©…o«‡p®ˆq±Šr³‹sžv] w]¹�u»�u¼‘u¾‘u¿’v¨{^©{^ª|^«|]«|]«{\¬{\¬{[¬{[¬zZ«zZ«yY«yX«xXÂ�oÂ�nÂ�nÁŽmÁŽm¨uT¨uS§tS§tS§tR¦sR¦sQ…_O…_O…_O„^O„^Oƒ^Oƒ^O‚^O‚]O�]O€]O¢rS¡rS¡rS¸‰k·‰l·‰l¶‰m¶‰mµ‰m´‰n³‰n›qWšqX™qX®‡o­‡o«†p¨…p¤ƒp �pœp—}o{cXv`Vp]U}nishfhaba\_DAF::B$)4

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-						



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diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
index 844743069..974d7caef 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ TkcLine.new(cvs, '5c','6c','9c','6c','9c','1c','8c','1c','8c','4.8c','8.8c',
 	    '8.6c','1.4c','8.4c','1.4c','8.4c','4.4c',
 	    'width'=>3, 'fill'=>red, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '1c','5c','7c','5c','7c','7c','9c','7c', 'width'=>'.5c', 
-	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,
+	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
 	                    'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator), 
 	    'arrow'=>'both', 'arrowshape'=>'15 15 7', 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '1c','7c','1.75c','5.8c','2.5c','7c','3.25c','5.8c','4c','7c',
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ TkcLine.new(cvs, '15.5c','1c','19.5c','1.5c','15.5c','4.5c','19.5c','4c',
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '12c','6c','13.5c','4.5c','16.5c','7.5c','18c','6c', 
 	    '16.5c','4.5c','13.5c','7.5c','12c','6c',
 	    'smooth'=>'on', 'width'=>'3m', 'capstyle'=>'round', 
-	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 
+	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..',
 	                    'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator), 
 	    'fill'=>red, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ TkcPolygon.new(cvs, '25c','4c','25c','4c','25c','1c','26c','1c','27c','4c',
 TkcPolygon.new(cvs, '22c','4.5c','25c','4.5c','25c','6.75c','28c','6.75c',
 	       '28c','5.25c','24c','5.25c','24c','6.0c','26c','6c','26c',
 	       '7.5c','22c','7.5c', 
-	       'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
+	       'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
                                  'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	       'outline'=>'black', 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '1c','9.5c','4c','12.5c',
 TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '0.5c','13.5c','4.5c','15.5c', 
 		 'fill'=>green, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '6c','10c','9c','15c', 'outline'=>'',
-		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,
+		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
 	                         'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		 'fill'=>blue, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ TkcOval.new(cvs, '11c','9.5c','14c','12.5c',
 TkcOval.new(cvs, '10.5c','13.5c','14.5c','15.5c', 
 		 'fill'=>green, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcOval.new(cvs, '16c','10c','19c','15c', 'outline'=>'',
-		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,
+		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
 	                         'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		 'fill'=>blue, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ TkcText.new(cvs, '25.5c', '11c', 'anchor'=>'w', 'font'=>font1, 'fill'=>blue,
 TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '24.9c','13.9c','25.1c','14.1c')
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   TkcText.new(cvs, '25c', '14c', 'anchor'=>'c', 'font'=>font2, 'fill'=>red, 
-	      'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
+	      'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
                                 'images', 'grey.5'].join(File::Separator),
 	      'text'=>'Stippled characters', 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 else
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ TkcArc.new(cvs, '0.5c','17c','7c','20c', 'fill'=>green, 'outline'=>'black',
 #	   'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcArc.new(cvs, '6.5c','17c','9.5c','20c', 'width'=>'4m', 'style'=>'arc', 
 	   'outline'=>blue, 'start'=>135, 'extent'=>270, 
-	   'outlinestipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 
+	   'outlinestipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..',
                                   'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	   'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcArc.new(cvs, '0.5c','20c','9.5c','24c', 'width'=>'4m', 'style'=>'pieslice', 
@@ -221,14 +221,14 @@ TkcText.new(cvs, '15c', '16.2c', 'text'=>'Bitmaps', 'anchor'=>'n')
 #	      'bitmap'=>'@' + ['images', 'face'].join(File::Separator),
 #	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '13c','20c',
-	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
+	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
                                'images', 'face.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 #TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','18.5c',
 #	      'bitmap'=>'@' + ['images', 'noletters'].join(File::Separator),
 #	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','18.5c',
-	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
+	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
 	                       'images', 'noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 #TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','21.5c',
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','18.5c',
 #	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 # 
 TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','21.5c') {
-  bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir, 'images', 'letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
+  bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir, '..', 'images', 'letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
   tags $tag_item
 }
 #TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','21.5c') {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
index ef1bfa6f8..96f76d35f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
 TkLabel.new(f_right) {
-  bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
+  bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'..','images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
index 7ea3fd2eb..c29f6e90d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ $menu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-# menu frame À¸À®
+# menu frame
 $menu_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
 $menu_frame.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Icons', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
   TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|icon_menu|
     m.configure('menu'=>icon_menu)
     add('command', 
-	'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'images','pattern.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
+	'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	                'images','pattern.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	'command'=>proc{TkDialog.new('title'=>'Bitmap Menu Entry', 
 				     'text'=>'The menu entry you invoked displays a bitmap rather than a text string.  Other than this, it is just like any other menu entry.',
 				     'bitmap'=>'', 'default'=>0, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
index 82e29f647..8f7be9770 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
@@ -157,7 +157,8 @@ TkMenu.new($menu84_frame, 'tearoff'=>false) {|m|
 TkMenu.new($menu84_frame, 'tearoff'=>false) {|m|
   $menu84_frame.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Icons', 'menu'=>m, 'underline'=>0)
   add('command', 'hidemargin'=>1, 
-      'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'images','pattern.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
+      'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	              'images','pattern.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
       'command'=>proc{TkDialog.new('title'=>'Bitmap Menu Entry', 
 				   'text'=>'The menu entry you invoked displays a bitmap rather than a text string.  Other than this, it is just like any other menu entry.',
 				   'bitmap'=>'', 'default'=>0, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
index 42a5931dd..cc1ccafa7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Show Code'
-    command proc{showCode 'menu'}
+    command proc{showCode 'menubu'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
index aefd81bdc..090e75c2c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# radio.rb
+# radio2.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
 # several radiobutton widgets.
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ end
 
 # demo toplevel widget
 $radio2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Radiobutton Demonstration")
-  iconname("radio")
+  title("Radiobutton Demonstration 2")
+  iconname("radio2")
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Show Code'
-    command proc{showCode 'radio'}
+    command proc{showCode 'radio2'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
index f5e7add51..03a00b75b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
@@ -76,11 +76,13 @@ $demo_rulerInfo.normalStyle = {'fill'=>'black'}
 if TkWinfo.depth($ruler_canvas) > 1
   $demo_rulerInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'red', 'stipple'=>''}
   $demo_rulerInfo.deleteStyle = {'fill'=>'red', 
-    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator)}
+    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..', 
+                     'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator)}
 else
   $demo_rulerInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'black', 'stipple'=>''}
   $demo_rulerInfo.deleteStyle = {'fill'=>'black', 
-    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator)}
+    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..', 
+                     'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator)}
 end
 
 TkcLine.new($ruler_canvas, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
index 2b27cdbb4..59a8117bb 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   }
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-$search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
+$search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true, 'wrap'=>'word') {|t|
   $search_Tag = TkTextTag.new(t)
   TkScrollbar.new($search_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
     t.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| sc.set first,last})
@@ -146,45 +146,33 @@ $search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
 
 if TkWinfo.depth($search_demo) > 1
   textToggle(proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'#ce5555', 
-				       'foreground'=>'white')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'#ce5555', 
+				     'foreground'=>'white')
 	     },
 	     800, 
 	     proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
 	     },
 	     200 )
 else
   textToggle(proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'black', 
-				       'foreground'=>'white')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'black', 
+				     'foreground'=>'white')
 	     },
 	     800, 
 	     proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
 	     },
 	     200 )
 end
-$search_text.insert('1.0', '\
-This window demonstrates how to use the tagging facilities in text
-widgets to implement a searching mechanism.  First, type a file name
-in the top entry, then type <Return> or click on "Load File".  Then
-type a string in the lower entry and type <Return> or click on
-"Load File".  This will cause all of the instances of the string to
-be tagged with the tag "search", and it will arrange for the tag\'s
-display attributes to change to make all of the strings blink.')
+$search_text.insert('1.0', "\
+This window demonstrates how to use the tagging facilities in text \
+widgets to implement a searching mechanism.  First, type a file name \
+in the top entry, then type <Return> or click on \"Load File\".  Then \
+type a string in the lower entry and type <Return> or click on \
+\"Load File\".  This will cause all of the instances of the string to \
+be tagged with the tag \"search\", and it will arrange for the tag\'s \
+display attributes to change to make all of the strings blink.")
 $search_text.set_insert '0.0'
 
 $search_fileName.value = ''
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
index 8bf9c0966..def83d1a2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
 				     'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>1)
   end
 
-  # ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¿¥°ÀßÄê (¤½¤Î¾)
+  # 
   if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
     style_tag_bgstipple = TkTextTag.new(t, 'background'=>'black', 
 					'borderwidth'=>0, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tcolor b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tcolor
index 6d023f0f8..5b2979790 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tcolor
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tcolor
@@ -1,30 +1,28 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 #
 # tcolor --
-# ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ÏRGB,HSB,CYM·Á¼°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë
-# ´Ê°×¥«¥é¡¼¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Ç¤¹¡£
+#   simple color editor which supports RGB, HSB and CYM color space
 #
 # Copyright (C) 1998 Takaaki Tateishi(ttate@jaist.ac.jp)
 # last update: Thu Jun 18 06:32:35 JST 1998
 #
 
-# ¤Þ¤º¤Ïtk.rb¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à¡£
-
 require "tk"
 
 
-# Tk¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤ÏTkVariable¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¡£
+# use TkVariable instance for the variable which is changed by Tk interpreter
 
 $colorSpace = TkVariable.new(:rgb)
+$master = nil
 $red = 65535
 $green = 0
 $blue = 0
 $color = "#ffff00000000"
 $updating = TkVariable.new(0)
 $autoUpdate = TkVariable.new(1)
-$name = TkVariable.new("")
-# $command = TkVariable.new("print(%%,\"\n\")")
-$command = TkVariable.new("")
+$name = TkVariable.new($color)
+$command = TkVariable.new("print(%%,\"\n\")")
+# $command = TkVariable.new("")
 $label1 = TkVariable.new("label1")
 $label2 = TkVariable.new("label2")
 $label3 = TkVariable.new("label3")
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ if (TkVarAccess.new('tcl_platform')['platform'] == 'unix')
 end
 
 
-# ³Æ¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥ÈÍѤΥ᥽¥Ã¥É
+# methods for events
 
 def rgbToHsv(red,green,blue)
 
@@ -134,6 +132,8 @@ def tc_scaleChanged
     return 
   end
 
+  $master = :scale if $master == nil
+
   scale1 = $root.middle.middle.scale1
   scale2 = $root.middle.middle.scale2
   scale3 = $root.middle.middle.scale3
@@ -158,11 +158,13 @@ def tc_scaleChanged
     raise(Exception,"unknown colorSpace")
   end
   $color = format("#%04x%04x%04x",$red.to_i,$green.to_i,$blue.to_i)
+  $name.value = $color if $master == :scale
   $root.middle.right.set_color($color)
   if( $autoUpdate.to_i == 1 )
     doUpdate
   end
-  Tk.update(TRUE)
+  Tk.update(true)
+  $master = nil if $master == :scale
 end
 
 
@@ -196,6 +198,8 @@ end
 
 
 def tc_loadNamedColor(name)
+  $name.value = name
+  $master = :name if $master == nil
   if name[0,1] != "#" 
     list = TkWinfo.rgb($root.middle.right.swatch,name)
     $red = list[0]
@@ -222,9 +226,9 @@ def tc_loadNamedColor(name)
       if strlist.length != 3
 	raise(eException,"syntax error in color name \"#{name}\"")
       end
-      $red = strlist[0].to_i
-      $green = strlist[1].to_i
-      $blue = strlist[2].to_i
+      $red = strlist[0].hex
+      $green = strlist[1].hex
+      $blue = strlist[2].hex
     }
     $red = $red << shift
     $green = $green << shift
@@ -237,6 +241,8 @@ def tc_loadNamedColor(name)
   if $autoUpdate.to_i == 1
     doUpdate
   end
+  Tk.update(true)
+  $master = nil if $master == :name
 end
 
 
@@ -259,10 +265,7 @@ def changeColorSpace(space)
 end
 
 
-
-
-
-# tcolorÍѤΥá¥Ë¥å¡¼
+# menu
 
 class TkColorMenuFrame<TkFrame
   def initialize(parent)
@@ -270,10 +273,10 @@ class TkColorMenuFrame<TkFrame
 	  "relief"=>"raised",
 	  "borderwidth"=>"2")
 
-    # File¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ÎÀ¸À®
+    # File menubutton
     @file = TkMenubutton.new(self){|button|
 
-      # File¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ÎºîÀ®
+      # File menu
       @file_menu = TkMenu.new(button){
 	add "radio",
 	  "label" => "RGB color space",
@@ -311,7 +314,7 @@ class TkColorMenuFrame<TkFrame
 	  "command" => proc{exit}
       }
       
-      # File¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ÈFile¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò´ØÏ¢ÉÕ¤±¤ë
+      # assign File menu to File button
       menu @file_menu
 
       text "File"
@@ -323,7 +326,7 @@ class TkColorMenuFrame<TkFrame
 end
 
 
-# ²¼Éô¤Î¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥¯¥é¥¹
+# bottom frame
 class TkColorBotFrame<TkFrame
   def initialize(parent)
     super(parent,
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ class TkColorBotFrame<TkFrame
 end    
 
 
-# ÃæÃʺ¸¤Î¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à
+# left side frame of middle level
 class TkColorMiddleLeftFrame<TkFrame
   def initialize(parent)
     super(parent)
@@ -393,9 +396,8 @@ class TkColorMiddleLeftFrame<TkFrame
 end
 
 
-# ÃæÃÊÃæ±û¤Î¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à
+# middle frame of middle level
 class TkColorMiddleMiddleFrame<TkFrame
-  # @scale1,@scale2,@scale3¤ò³°Éô¤«¤é»²¾È¤Î¤ßµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¡£(Êѹ¹ÉÔ²Ä)
   attr_reader :scale1, :scale2, :scale3
 
   def initialize(parent)
@@ -470,7 +472,7 @@ end
 
 
 
-# ÃæÃʤΥե졼¥à
+# middle level frame
 class TkColorMiddleFrame<TkFrame
   attr_reader :left, :middle, :right
 
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ end
 
 
 $root = TkColor.new
-
-# ¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤òÂԤİ٤˥롼¥×¤ËÆþ¤ë¡£
 changeColorSpace :rgb
+
+# start eventloop
 Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
index aa702883d..f529792e7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
@@ -10,12 +10,7 @@
 # as needed.
 
 require 'tk'
-
-#unless /^8\.[1-9]/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
-#  require 'tkencoding'
-#end
-
-require 'tkafter'
+# require 'tkafter'
 
 ### $DEBUG=1 ##########
 
@@ -33,12 +28,78 @@ $root = TkRoot.new{title "Ruby/Tk Widget Demonstration"}
 
 # tk 
 $tk_version = Tk::TK_VERSION
+$tk_major_ver, $tk_minor_ver = $tk_version.split('.').map{|n| n.to_i}
+$tk_patchlevel = Tk::TK_PATCHLEVEL
 
 # tcl_platform 
 $tk_platform = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_platform')
 
 #
-$font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', nil)
+case($tk_version)
+when /^4.*/
+  $font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', nil)
+else
+  $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12')
+end
+
+# images
+$image = {}
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['refresh'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhEAAQAPMAAMz/zCpnKdb/1z9mPypbKBtLGy9NMPL/9Or+6+P+4j1Y
+    PwQKBP7//xMLFAYBCAEBASH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAQABAAAwR0EAD3Gn0Vyw0e
+    ++CncU7IIAezMA/nhUqSLJizvSdCEEjy2ZIV46AwDAoDHwPYGSoEiUJAAGJ6
+    EDHBNCFINW5OqABKSFk/B9lUa94IDwIFgewFMwQDQwCZQCztTgM9Sl8SOEMG
+    KSAthiaOjBMPDhQONBiXABEAOw==
+EOD
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['view'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhEAAQAPMAAMz/zP///8DAwICAgH9/fwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAQABAAAwRIcMhJB7h3hM33
+    KFjWdQQYap1QrCaGBmrRrS4nj5b53jOgbwXBKGACoYLDIuAoHCmZyYvR1rT5
+    RMAq8LqcIYGsrjPsW1XOmFUEADs=
+EOD
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['delete'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhEAAOAKEAAIQAAO/n3v///////yH5BAEKAAIALAAAAAAQAA4AAAIm
+    lI9pAKHbIHNoVhYhTdjlJ2AWKG2g+CldmB6rxo2uybYhbS80eRQAOw==
+EOD
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['print'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhGgATAPcAACEQOTEpQjEpUkIpc0IxY0I5c0oxjEo5SlJCY1JCe1JK
+    UlpChFpCjFpGkFpSc1paa2NKc2NKnGNja2tapWtjc29KnHNanHNjc3NjrXNr
+    jHNrnHNzc3tjpXtrtXtzhICAgIRzvYSEjIZzqox7tYyEnIyMjJSEtZSEvZSM
+    lJyMtZyMvZyUlJyUrZyUvZycnKWctaWlpa2czq2lzrWtvbWtzrW1tb21xr21
+    1sa9zs693s7OztbO3tbO597W1t7W7+fe7+fn5////+/n7+/v7+/v9////wAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAEEALAAAAAAaABMAQAj/AIMIHBhkg0GC
+    CBMGIQEiQgseQT4oeCBBAokgRYYQ0JBixg8hRIiUUEBBYYmTByBwiCBCRYwH
+    CxY8cKFw4AogRXLqLAJkQ80gCBBg3BkxZswTNGh4MGqgQQUMJRHCwMkTSE+D
+    Pn8eCKBhxIMhO3ei2OHDBw6sWSlMMMoWgwwfMDZI8GBjx44NARZwEGGi5MkS
+    PcIWKRGz5YgLbAco+KkQBQoJIRgjdGEVq+SaJajqtNrzMgsPCmoIzqmDgmWE
+    KOBuUKAAwYabYTfs4OHjY0giGyhk4MAWRI4eKyRQqPgggYUXPH4A+XBAgwoK
+    DiIsCFxjA9sFEVQQCRJCAYAFDJxiKhAxvMTonEFimrhhYinTBgWiCvxLNX3M
+    DkkpsKV5OYhjBxCMYAICAigUEAA7
+EOD
+end
 
 # 
 TkMenubar.new($root, 
@@ -48,6 +109,7 @@ TkMenubar.new($root,
 		  ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Meta-Q']
 		]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 $root.bind('F1', proc{aboutBox})
+$root.bind('Meta-q', proc{exit})
 
 =begin
 TkFrame.new($root){|frame|
@@ -67,7 +129,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   scr = TkScrollbar.new($root, 'orient'=>'vertical')
   txt = TkText.new($root) {
     wrap 'word'
-    width 60
+    width 70
     height 30
     font $font
     setgrid 'yes'
@@ -84,7 +146,7 @@ else
   }
   txt = TkText.new($root) {
     wrap 'word'
-    width 60
+    width 70
     height 30
     font $font
     setgrid 'yes'
@@ -92,6 +154,7 @@ else
     padx 4
     pady 2
     takefocus 0
+    bd 1
     yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| scr.set first,last}
   }
   scr.command(proc{|*args| txt.yview(*args)})
@@ -123,7 +186,7 @@ tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-
 
 tag_demospace = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'lmargin1'=>'1c', 'lmargin2'=>'1c')
 
-if TkWinfo.depth($root) == '1'
+if TkWinfo.depth($root) == 1
   tag_demo = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'lmargin1'=>'1c', 'lmargin2'=>'1c', 
 			   'underline'=>1)
   $tag_visited = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'lmargin1'=>'1c', 'lmargin2'=>'1c', 
@@ -206,21 +269,25 @@ txt.insert('end', "3. Buttons.\n", tag_demo, "demo-button")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. Checkbuttons (select any of a group).\n", tag_demo, "demo-check")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. Radiobuttons (select one of a group).\n", tag_demo, "demo-radio")
+txt.insert('end', "5. Checkbuttons (if supported).\n", tag_demo, "demo-check2")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. Radiobuttons (select one of a group).\n", tag_demo, "demo-radio")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "6. Radiobuttons (if supported 'compound' option).\n", tag_demo, "demo-radio2")
+txt.insert('end', "7. Radiobuttons (if supported 'compound' option).\n", tag_demo, "demo-radio2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "7. A 15-puzzle game made out of buttons.\n", tag_demo, "demo-puzzle")
+txt.insert('end', "8. Radiobuttons (if supported).\n", tag_demo, "demo-radio3")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "8. Iconic buttons that use bitmaps.\n", tag_demo, "demo-icon")
+txt.insert('end', "9. A 15-puzzle game made out of buttons.\n", tag_demo, "demo-puzzle")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "9. Two labels displaying images.\n", tag_demo, "demo-image1")
+txt.insert('end', "10. Iconic buttons that use bitmaps.\n", tag_demo, "demo-icon")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "10. A simple user interface for viewing images.\n", tag_demo, "demo-image2")
+txt.insert('end', "11. Two labels displaying images.\n", tag_demo, "demo-image1")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "11. A simple user interface for viewing images. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-image3")
+txt.insert('end', "12. A simple user interface for viewing images.\n", tag_demo, "demo-image2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "12. Labelled frames (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
+txt.insert('end', "13. A simple user interface for viewing images. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-image3")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "14. Labelled frames (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -260,7 +327,9 @@ txt.insert('end', "3. Hypertext (tag bindings).\n", tag_demo, "demo-bind")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. A text widget with embedded windows.\n", tag_demo, "demo-twind")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. A search tool built with a text widget.\n", tag_demo, "demo-search")
+txt.insert('end', "5. A text widget with embedded windows. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-twind2")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. A search tool built with a text widget.\n", tag_demo, "demo-search")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -278,7 +347,9 @@ txt.insert('end', "5. A ruler with adjustable tab stops.\n", tag_demo, "demo-rul
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "6. A building floor plan.\n", tag_demo, "demo-floor")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "7. A simple scrollable canvas.\n", tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
+txt.insert('end', "7. A building floor plan. (another way to create canvas items)\n", tag_demo, "demo-floor2")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "8. A simple scrollable canvas.\n", tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -350,7 +421,7 @@ end
 # args -	Any number of names of variables.
 
 $showVarsWin = {}
-def showVars (parent, *args)
+def showVars1(parent, *args)
   if $showVarsWin[parent.path]
     begin
       $showVarsWin[parent.path].destroy 
@@ -385,11 +456,54 @@ def showVars (parent, *args)
   $showVarsWin[parent.path] = w
 end
 
+def showVars2(parent, *args)
+  if $showVarsWin[parent.path]
+    begin
+      $showVarsWin[parent.path].destroy 
+    rescue
+    end
+  end
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
+    title "Variable values"
+
+    TkLabelFrame.new(w, :text=>"Variable values:", 
+		     :font=>{:family=>'Helvetica', :size=>14}){|f|
+      args.each{|vnam,vbody|
+	TkGrid(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"#{vnam}: ", :anchor=>'w'), 
+	       TkLabel.new(f, :textvariable=>vbody, :anchor=>'w'), 
+	       :padx=>2, :pady=>2, :sticky=>'w')
+      }
+
+      f.grid(:sticky=>'news', :padx=>4)
+      f.grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
+      f.grid_rowconfig(100, :weight=>1)
+    }
+    TkButton.new(w, :text=>"OK", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
+		 :command=>proc{w.destroy}){|b|
+      w.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
+      w.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
+
+      b.grid(:sticky=>'e', :padx=>4, :pady=>[6, 4])
+    }
+    w.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    w.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+  }
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver < 8
+  alias showVars showVars1
+elsif $tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver < 5
+  alias showVars showVars1
+else # ver >= 8.5
+  alias showVars showVars2
+end
+
 # invoke --
 # This procedure is called when the user clicks on a demo description.
 # It is responsible for invoking the demonstration.
 #
 # Arguments:
+# txt -		Name of text widget
 # index -	The index of the character that the user clicked on.
 
 def invoke (txt, index)
@@ -399,7 +513,8 @@ def invoke (txt, index)
   txt.cursor('watch')
   Tk.update
 #  eval `cat #{tag[5..-1]}.rb`
-  eval `cat #{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb`
+#  eval `cat #{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb`
+  eval IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join
   Tk.update
 #  txt.cursor('xterm')
   txt.cursor(cursor)
@@ -433,13 +548,13 @@ end
 # a demonstration and allows it to be edited and reinvoked.
 #
 # Arguments:
-# w -		The name of the demonstration's window, which can be
+# demo -	The name of the demonstration's window, which can be
 #		used to derive the name of the file containing its code.
 
-def showCode (demo)
+def showCode1(demo)
   file = "#{demo}.rb"
   $code_window = nil unless defined? $code_window
-  if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == '0'
+  if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
     $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
     f = TkFrame.new($code_window)
     TkButton.new(f) {
@@ -516,16 +631,192 @@ def showCode (demo)
   fid.close
 end
 
+def showCode2(demo)
+  file = "#{demo}.rb"
+  $code_window = nil unless defined? $code_window
+  if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
+    $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
+    tf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
+    $code_text = TkText.new(tf, :font=>'Courier 10', :height=>30, 
+			    :wrap=>'word', :bd=>1, :setgrid=>true, 
+			    :highlightthickness=>0, :pady=>2, :padx=>3)
+    xscr = TkScrollbar.new(tf, :bd=>1){assign($code_text)}
+    yscr = TkScrollbar.new(tf, :bd=>1){assign($code_text)}
+    TkGrid($code_text, yscr, :sticky=>'news')
+    #TkGrid(xscr)
+    tf.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    tf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    bf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
+    
+    b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Dismiss', :default=>:active, 
+			 :command=>proc{
+			   $code_window.destroy
+			   $code_window = nil
+			 }, 
+			 :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left)
+    b_prn = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Print Code', 
+			 :command=>proc{printCode($code_text, file)}, 
+			 :image=>$image['print'], :compound=>:left)
+    b_run = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Rerun Demo', 
+			 :command=>proc{eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'))}, 
+			 :image=>$image['refresh'], :compound=>:left)
+
+    TkGrid('x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
+    bf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    TkGrid(tf, :sticky=>'news')
+    TkGrid(bf, :sticky=>'ew')
+    $code_window.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    $code_window.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    $code_window.bind('Return', proc{|win|
+			b_dis.invoke unless win.kind_of?(TkText)
+		      }, '%W')
+    $code_window.bindinfo('Return').each{|cmd, arg|
+      $code_window.bind_append('Escape', cmd, arg)
+    }
+  else
+    $code_window.deiconify
+    $code_window.raise
+  end
+
+  $code_window.title("Demo code: #{file}")
+  $code_window.iconname(file)
+  fid = open([$demo_dir, file].join(File::Separator), 'r')
+  $code_text.delete('1.0', 'end')
+  $code_text.insert('1.0', fid.read)
+  TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
+  fid.close
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver < 8
+  alias showCode showCode1
+elsif $tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver < 5
+  alias showCode showCode1
+else # ver >= 8.5
+  alias showCode showCode2
+end
+
+
+# printCode --
+# Prints the source code currently displayed in the See Code dialog.
+# Much thanks to Arjen Markus for this.
+#
+# Arguments:
+# txt -		Name of text widget containing code to print
+# file -	Name of the original file (implicitly for title)
+
+def printCode(txt, file)
+  code = txt.get('1.0', 'end - 1c')
+  dir = '.'
+  dir = ENV['HOME'] if ENV['HOME']
+  dir = ENV['TMP'] if ENV['TMP']
+  dir = ENV['TEMP'] if ENV['TEMP']
+
+  fname = [dir, 'tkdemo-' + file].join(File::Separator)
+  open(fname, 'w'){|fid| fid.print(code)}
+  begin
+    case Tk::TCL_PLATFORM('platform')
+    when 'unix'
+      msg = `lp -c #{fname}`
+      unless $?.exitstatus == 0
+	Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Print spooling failure', 
+		      :message=>'Print spooling probably failed: ' + msg)
+      end
+    when 'windows'
+      begin
+	printTextWin32(fname)
+      rescue => e
+	Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Print spooling failure', 
+		      :message=>'Print spooling probably failed: ' + 
+		      e.message)
+      end      
+    when 'macintosh'
+      Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Operation not Implemented', 
+		    :message=>'Oops, sorry: not implemented yet!')
+    else
+      Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Operation not Implemented', 
+		    :message=>'Wow! Unknown platform: ' + 
+		    Tk::TCL_PLATFORM('platform'))
+    end
+  ensure
+    File.delete(fname)
+  end
+end
+
+# printTextWin32 --
+#    Print a file under Windows
+#
+# Arguments:
+# filename -		Name of the file
+#
+def printTextWin32(fname)
+  require 'win32/registry'
+  begin
+    app = Win32::Registry::HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT['.txt']
+    pcmd = nil
+    Win32::Registry::HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.open("#{app}\\shell\\print"){|reg|
+      pcmd = reg['command']
+    }
+  rescue
+    app = Tk.tk_call('auto_execok', 'notepad.exe')
+    pcmd = "#{app} /p %1"
+  end
+
+  pcmd.gsub!('%1', fname)
+  puts pcmd
+  cmd = Tk.tk_call('auto_execok', 'start') + ' /min ' + pcmd
+  
+  msg = `#{cmd}`
+  unless $?.exitstatus == 0
+    fail RuntimeError, msg
+  end
+end
+
 # aboutBox
 #
 #      Pops up a message box with an "about" message
 #
 def aboutBox
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'title'=>'About Widget Demo', 
-		'message'=>"Ruby/Tk widget demonstration Ver.1.3.2-en\n\n( based on Tk 8.1 Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. )\n\nRunning Version :: Ruby#{VERSION}/Tk#{$tk_version}")
+		'message'=>"Ruby/Tk widget demonstration Ver.1.4.3-en\n\n" + 
+                           "based on demos of Tk8.1 -- 8.5  " + 
+		           "( Copyright:: " + 
+		           "(c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. / " + 
+                           "(c) 1997-2000 Ajuba Solutions, Inc. / " + 
+		           "(c) 2001-2003 Donal K. Fellows )\n\n" +
+                           "Your Ruby & Tk Version ::\n" + 
+                           "Ruby#{RUBY_VERSION}(#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})[#{RUBY_PLATFORM}] / Tk#{$tk_patchlevel}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? '-jp': ''}")
 end
 
-################################
+#########################################
+# start demos if given at command line
+no_launcher = false
+if ARGV[0] == '-n'
+  ARGV.shift
+  no_launcher = true if ARGV.size > 0
+end
+ARGV.each{|cmd| 
+  if cmd =~ /(.*).rb/
+    cmd = $1
+  end
+  eval IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join
+}
+if no_launcher
+  $root.withdraw   # hide root window
+  Thread.start{
+    loop do
+      count = 0
+      $root.winfo_children.each{|w|
+	count += 1 if w.kind_of?(TkToplevel)
+      }
+      $root.destroy if count == 0
+    end
+  }
+end
 
+#########################################
+# start eventloop
 Tk.mainloop
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
index 3640798db..70fe346b6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ TkLabel.new($arrow_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 $arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $arrow_demo
       $arrow_demo = nil
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ if TkWinfo.depth($arrow_canvas) > 1
   $demo_arrowInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'red', 'outline'=>'black', 'width'=>1}
 else
   $demo_arrowInfo.bigLineStyle = {'fill'=>'black', 
-    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 'images', 'grey.25'].join(File::Separator)}
+    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..','images','grey.25'].join(File::Separator)}
   $demo_arrowInfo.boxStyle = {'fill'=>'', 'outline'=>'black', 'width'=>1}
   $demo_arrowInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'black','outline'=>'black','width'=>1}
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
index 1f221a629..eebd62fc0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ $bind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($bind_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $bind_demo
       $bind_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
index a40086288..644b96081 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ TkLabel.new($bitmap_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 $bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $bitmap_demo
       $bitmap_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/browse2 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/browse2
index 304a5f547..edad04dbc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/browse2
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/browse2
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ class Browse
     }
 
     # Set up bindings for the browser.
-    base.bind('Control-c', 
-	      proc{
-		base.destroy
+    base.bind('Destroy', proc{
 		Browse::BROWSE_WIN_COUNTER.value = \
-		                Browse::BROWSE_WIN_COUNTER.to_i - 1})
+		                Browse::BROWSE_WIN_COUNTER.to_i - 1
+	      })
+    base.bind('Control-c', proc{base.destroy})
     list.bind('Double-Button-1', 
 	 proc{TkSelection.get.each{|f| self.browse dir, f}})
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
index 33247261f..20f8cae29 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 $button_buttons = TkFrame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $button_demo
       $button_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
index 50c21fac0..88e90c71d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($check_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
-  text "²¼¤Ë¤Ï 3 ¤Ä¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ÎÁªÂò¾õÂÖ¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¡¢Tcl ÊÑ¿ô¤Ë¤½¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ò¼¨¤¹ÃͤòÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖÊÑ¿ô»²¾È¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£"
+  text "²¼¤Ë¤Ï 3 ¤Ä¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ÎÁªÂò¾õÂÖ¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¡¢Tcl ÊÑ¿ô ( TkVariable ¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ç¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹ ) ¤Ë¤½¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ò¼¨¤¹ÃͤòÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖÊÑ¿ô»²¾È¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£"
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $check_demo
       $check_demo = nil
@@ -61,6 +62,6 @@ TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
 # checkbutton À¸À®
 [ TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
   TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¡¼ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
+  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| w.relief('flat'); w.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
index 55cfd9c7c..284611a77 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $clrpick_demo
       $clrpick_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
index f9a5983e7..c6128f9c0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $colors_demo
       $colors_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
index 7f5ffa2f0..d128b63a7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ TkLabel.new($cscroll_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i',
 # frame À¸À®
 $cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $cscroll_demo
       $cscroll_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
index 6d9355e2f..4704b4141 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 $ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $ctext_demo
       $ctext_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb
index 5b578a981..0d6181bfc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb
@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ when 0
 when 1
   print "¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¡Ö¥­¥ã¥ó¥»¥ë¡×¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Í¡£\n"
 when 2
-  showCode dialog1
+  showCode 'dialog1'
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb
index 4819f18a0..36b2356cc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ when 0
 when 1
   print "¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¡Ö¥­¥ã¥ó¥»¥ë¡×¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Í¡£\n"
 when 2
-  showCode dialog2
+  showCode 'dialog2'
 end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
index 273b6728d..edf3b5f71 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $entry1_demo
       $entry1_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
index 7efac005f..7d5740e66 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $entry2_demo
       $entry2_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
index 9bf3f6209..f0e9bc868 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ EOL
 TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'λ²ò', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
+  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
 		 $entry3_demo.destroy
 		 $entry3_demo = nil
 	       }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ def validatePhoneChange(widget, vmode, idx, char)
     widget.delete(idx)
     widget.insert(idx, $phoneNumberMap[char] || char)
     Tk.after_idle(proc{phoneSkipRight(widget, -1)})
+    # Tk.update(true) # Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
+                      # It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
     return true
   end
   return false
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
index 175459670..78ae50a45 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ TkLabel.new($filebox_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $filebox_demo
       $filebox_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
index bb655d5b5..d9d17ee94 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
@@ -1595,7 +1595,8 @@ TkLabel.new($floor_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 $floor_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $floor_demo
       $floor_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
index 35baeed46..fe456d394 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $form_demo
       $form_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
index 4333239c7..37d215435 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc {
       tmppath = $hscale_demo
       $hscale_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
index 9b39d3384..3180787da 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $icon_demo
       $icon_demo = nil
@@ -44,15 +45,16 @@ TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
 
 # image À¸À®
 flagup = \
-TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
-                           'images','flagup.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
+                           'images','flagup.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		  'maskfile'=>\
-		  [$demo_dir,'images','flagup.bmp'].join(File::Separator))
+		  [$demo_dir,'..','images','flagup.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
 flagdown = \
-TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
-                           'images','flagdown.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
+                           'images','flagdown.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		  'maskfile'=>\
-		  [$demo_dir,'images','flagdown.bmp'].join(File::Separator))
+		  [$demo_dir,'..',
+		    'images','flagdown.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # ÊÑ¿ôÀ¸À®
 letters = TkVariable.new
@@ -61,13 +63,15 @@ letters = TkVariable.new
 TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   TkFrame.new(w) {|f|
     TkRadioButton.new(f){
-      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'images','letters.bmp'].join(File::Separator)
+      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
+	             'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'full'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     TkRadioButton.new(f){
-      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'images','noletter.bmp'].join(File::Separator)
+      bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
+	             'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'empty'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
@@ -82,7 +86,8 @@ TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
   TkCheckButton.new(w) {
-    bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'images','letters.bmp'].join(File::Separator)
+    bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
+                   'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
     indicatoron 0
     selectcolor 'SeaGreen1'
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
index bfe47c47a..3d47f844e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $image1_demo
       $image1_demo = nil
@@ -44,10 +45,10 @@ TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
 
 # image À¸À®
 image1a = \
-TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
+TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earth.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 image1b = \
-TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,
+TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earthris.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # label À¸À®
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
index 07f9b17eb..e2e2a2b03 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $image2_demo
       $image2_demo = nil
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # ÊÑ¿ôÀ¸À®
-$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'images'].join(File::Separator))
+$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # image À¸À®
 $image2a = TkPhotoImage.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
index 84257a2b3..d42650f45 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
@@ -20,29 +20,29 @@ $image3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 
 # 
-def loadDir(w)
+def loadDir3(w)
   w.delete(0,'end')
   Dir.glob([$dirName,'*'].join(File::Separator)).sort.each{|f|
     w.insert('end',File.basename(f))
   }
 end
 
-# selectAndLoadDir --
+# selectAndLoadDir3 --
 # This procedure pops up a dialog to ask for a directory to load into
 # the listobx and (if the user presses OK) reloads the directory
 # listbox from the directory named in the demo's entry.
 #
 # Arguments:
 # w -			Name of the toplevel window of the demo.
-def selectAndLoadDir(w, lbox)
+def selectAndLoadDir3(w, lbox)
   dir = Tk.chooseDirectory(:initialdir=>$dirName, :parent=>w, :mustexist=>true)
   if dir.length > 0
     $dirName.value = dir 
-    loadDir(lbox)
+    loadDir3(lbox)
   end
 end
 
-def loadImage(w,x,y)
+def loadImage3(w,x,y)
   $image3a.file([$dirName, w.get("@#{x},#{y}")].join(File::Separator))
 end
 
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame
 TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $image3_demo
       $image3_demo = nil
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # variable
-$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'images'].join(File::Separator))
+$dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # image
 begin
@@ -96,16 +97,16 @@ image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
   yscrollbar(TkScrollbar.new(image3_ff).pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, 
 					     :expand=>true))
   insert(0, *(%w(earth.gif earthris.gif teapot.ppm)))
-  bind('Double-1', proc{|x,y| loadImage(self, x, y)}, '%x %y')
+  bind('Double-1', proc{|x,y| loadImage3(self, x, y)}, '%x %y')
 }
 
 image3_ent = TkEntry.new(image3_df, :width=>30, :textvariable=>$dirName){
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m', :expand=>true)
-  bind('Return', proc{loadDir(image3_lbx)})
+  bind('Return', proc{loadDir3(image3_lbx)})
 }
 
 TkButton.new(image3_df, :pady=>0, :padx=>'2m', :text=>"¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁªÂò", 
-	     :command=>proc{selectAndLoadDir(image3_ent, image3_lbx)}) {
+	     :command=>proc{selectAndLoadDir3(image3_ent, image3_lbx)}) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0, '2m'], :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/earth.gif b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/earth.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ae4a9ce0..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/earth.gif
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/earthris.gif b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/earthris.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 48f08c442..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/earthris.gif
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/face.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/face.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index 03d829f4d..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/face.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-#define face_width 108
-#define face_height 144
-#define face_x_hot 48
-#define face_y_hot 80
-static char face_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x09,
-   0x20, 0x80, 0x24, 0x05, 0x00, 0x80, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88,
-   0x24, 0x20, 0x80, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x80, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01,
-   0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x00, 0x92, 0x04, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x40, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x84,
-   0x24, 0x40, 0x22, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x14, 0x84, 0x92, 0x40, 0x42, 0x12, 0x04,
-   0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x52, 0x00, 0x52, 0x11, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x54, 0x85, 0x24,
-   0x00, 0x10, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x44, 0x00, 0x90, 0x5a, 0x00, 0xea,
-   0x1b, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x40, 0x02, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0xa2, 0x05,
-   0x8a, 0xb4, 0x6e, 0x45, 0x12, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x02,
-   0xa8, 0x92, 0x00, 0xda, 0x5f, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x20, 0x41,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x5a, 0x25, 0xa0, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x05, 0x41, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x08, 0x40, 0x80, 0xec, 0x9b, 0xec, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x04, 0x20,
-   0x90, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x20, 0xfb, 0x2e, 0xf5, 0xff, 0xff, 0x57,
-   0x00, 0x04, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x01, 0xc1, 0x6e, 0xab, 0xfa, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x05, 0x90, 0x20, 0x48, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x20, 0xa8, 0xdf, 0xb5,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x04, 0xe0,
-   0xbb, 0xef, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x48, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20,
-   0x80, 0xf4, 0x6f, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x20, 0x90, 0x40, 0x02, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0xb8, 0xf6, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdf, 0xbe, 0x12, 0x45, 0x10,
-   0x90, 0x04, 0x90, 0x00, 0x22, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbb, 0xd7, 0xe9,
-   0x3a, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x90, 0x80, 0xfe, 0xdf, 0xf6, 0xb7, 0xef,
-   0xbe, 0x56, 0x57, 0x40, 0x48, 0x09, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0xfa, 0xf5, 0xdf,
-   0xed, 0x5a, 0xd5, 0xea, 0xbd, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x92, 0xfe,
-   0xbf, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0x6a, 0x55, 0xbf, 0xf7, 0x02, 0x11, 0x01, 0x00, 0x91,
-   0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xaf, 0x55, 0x55, 0x5b, 0xeb, 0xef, 0x22, 0x04, 0x04,
-   0x04, 0x00, 0xa4, 0xff, 0xf7, 0xad, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xbe, 0xfe, 0x03,
-   0x20, 0x00, 0x10, 0x44, 0x80, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x55, 0x12, 0x91, 0x2a, 0xeb,
-   0xbf, 0x0b, 0x82, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd1, 0x7f, 0xdf, 0xa2, 0xa4, 0x54,
-   0x55, 0xfd, 0xfd, 0x47, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x21, 0xe4, 0xff, 0x37, 0x11,
-   0x09, 0xa5, 0xaa, 0xb6, 0xff, 0x0d, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xd0, 0xff,
-   0x4f, 0x44, 0x20, 0x48, 0x55, 0xfb, 0xff, 0x27, 0x11, 0x02, 0x40, 0x40,
-   0xe2, 0xfb, 0x15, 0x11, 0x4a, 0x55, 0x4a, 0x7d, 0xf7, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x04, 0x08, 0xf8, 0xdf, 0x52, 0x44, 0x01, 0x52, 0xb5, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x49, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0xe9, 0xf6, 0x0a, 0x11, 0xa4, 0x88, 0x4a, 0x6d,
-   0xff, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0xf0, 0x2f, 0x21, 0x44, 0x10, 0x52,
-   0xb5, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x44, 0x04, 0x80, 0x08, 0xf8, 0xab, 0x8a, 0x00,
-   0x81, 0xa4, 0xd4, 0xd6, 0xfe, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x40, 0xb5, 0x2d,
-   0x21, 0x08, 0x04, 0x90, 0xaa, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x11, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04,
-   0xf0, 0x57, 0x0a, 0x22, 0x40, 0x4a, 0xda, 0x5e, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x40, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x20, 0xba, 0x95, 0x90, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0xea, 0xff, 0x5f,
-   0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0xe8, 0x57, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0xd5, 0xfe,
-   0xfd, 0x1f, 0x48, 0x00, 0x04, 0x48, 0x7a, 0x95, 0x08, 0x02, 0x10, 0x40,
-   0xaa, 0x55, 0xf7, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x09, 0x20, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x57, 0x22, 0x10,
-   0x00, 0x28, 0xa9, 0xfa, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0xdd, 0x29,
-   0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xaa, 0xd7, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0xf8, 0x96, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x54, 0xfa, 0xee, 0x3f, 0x81, 0x04,
-   0x40, 0x24, 0xfe, 0x55, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x82, 0xd2, 0xad, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x08, 0x00, 0x04, 0x80, 0x6c, 0x97, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x20, 0xa9, 0xf6,
-   0xdf, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x02, 0x20, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x49, 0x12, 0x00, 0x20, 0x84,
-   0x54, 0xdb, 0xfe, 0x1f, 0x91, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x20,
-   0x00, 0x40, 0xa4, 0xf6, 0xbb, 0x1f, 0x04, 0x00, 0x44, 0x92, 0x7e, 0x95,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x89, 0xaa, 0xdd, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x09, 0x10, 0x00,
-   0xf4, 0x57, 0x20, 0x01, 0x08, 0x20, 0xa9, 0x76, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x21, 0xfc, 0x4a, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x54, 0xdb, 0xff, 0x1e,
-   0x08, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0xf9, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x28, 0xd2, 0xf6,
-   0xff, 0xbf, 0x80, 0x00, 0x90, 0x00, 0xbc, 0x92, 0x08, 0x10, 0x00, 0x82,
-   0x54, 0xdb, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x44, 0xf9, 0x55, 0x02, 0x01,
-   0x00, 0x20, 0xaa, 0xbd, 0xfd, 0x3f, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x10, 0xf4, 0x2a,
-   0x01, 0x00, 0x22, 0x80, 0xd4, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x82, 0x00, 0x40, 0x02,
-   0xf8, 0x55, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x6a, 0xdf, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x48, 0xe9, 0x4a, 0x05, 0x08, 0x00, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xf5, 0xff, 0x3f,
-   0x10, 0x01, 0x10, 0x01, 0xb0, 0xab, 0x92, 0x02, 0x40, 0xf8, 0xbf, 0xde,
-   0xfe, 0x5f, 0x02, 0x04, 0x04, 0x48, 0xfa, 0xd4, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x84, 0xef,
-   0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xed, 0xbf, 0x0b,
-   0xa1, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0x5f, 0x04, 0x01, 0x20, 0x49, 0xd2, 0xfb,
-   0xfe, 0x55, 0xd4, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0xc0, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x2b, 0xa2, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xdf, 0xee, 0x1f, 0x91, 0x00,
-   0x82, 0xa4, 0xa4, 0xf5, 0xff, 0x57, 0xd5, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x4d,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x88, 0x5b, 0xff, 0x2f, 0x69, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdb,
-   0xfe, 0x1f, 0x24, 0x02, 0x00, 0x49, 0xa2, 0xd6, 0xff, 0x5f, 0xea, 0xff,
-   0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x40, 0xab, 0xf7, 0xbb,
-   0xf0, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xd5, 0xff, 0xbf, 0x82, 0x04, 0x42, 0x24, 0x91, 0xd5,
-   0xaa, 0xae, 0xd4, 0xaa, 0x52, 0x7b, 0xff, 0x15, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
-   0x04, 0x55, 0xd5, 0x55, 0x70, 0x5b, 0x75, 0xdd, 0xdf, 0x1f, 0x40, 0x00,
-   0x08, 0x48, 0xa0, 0x4a, 0xa9, 0x56, 0xea, 0x56, 0xad, 0x6a, 0x7d, 0x9b,
-   0x04, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x42, 0x2a, 0xd5, 0xaa, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xfa,
-   0xdf, 0x2f, 0x10, 0x04, 0x22, 0x48, 0x08, 0x45, 0x2a, 0x15, 0x68, 0x55,
-   0x55, 0xd7, 0x76, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x2a, 0x80, 0xa0,
-   0xb2, 0x09, 0x48, 0xb9, 0xdf, 0x17, 0x22, 0x01, 0x00, 0x24, 0x45, 0x8a,
-   0x24, 0x4a, 0x54, 0x51, 0x91, 0xf6, 0x6e, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x90, 0x00,
-   0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x20, 0x69, 0x05, 0xa4, 0xaa, 0xff, 0x1e, 0x48, 0x00,
-   0x02, 0x92, 0x08, 0x05, 0x81, 0x94, 0xd4, 0x92, 0x40, 0xfd, 0xb6, 0x8b,
-   0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x00, 0x82, 0x54, 0x00, 0x48, 0x68, 0x05, 0x90, 0xa4,
-   0xef, 0x06, 0x24, 0x00, 0x08, 0x12, 0x10, 0x05, 0x00, 0x10, 0xb5, 0x01,
-   0x42, 0xfb, 0xbf, 0x43, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x40, 0x81, 0xa8, 0x08, 0x4a,
-   0xaa, 0x96, 0x90, 0xac, 0x6d, 0x15, 0x22, 0x00, 0x20, 0x09, 0x04, 0x15,
-   0x80, 0x28, 0xdc, 0x01, 0x24, 0xfb, 0xbf, 0x01, 0x80, 0x04, 0x09, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x48, 0x02, 0x45, 0xb2, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x6d, 0xef, 0x05, 0x11, 0x00,
-   0x40, 0x52, 0x02, 0x15, 0x29, 0x2a, 0xac, 0x42, 0x54, 0xfb, 0x3b, 0x51,
-   0x84, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0x54, 0x80, 0x05, 0xb5, 0x3d, 0xa2, 0xb6,
-   0xdf, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x20, 0x49, 0x89, 0xa8, 0x6a, 0x29, 0xac, 0xd6,
-   0x54, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x84, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00, 0x94, 0xa8, 0x56,
-   0xda, 0x5f, 0xab, 0xd5, 0x1e, 0x10, 0x48, 0x00, 0x90, 0x82, 0x48, 0xa8,
-   0xb2, 0xac, 0xfd, 0x55, 0xd5, 0xfe, 0x9f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x08,
-   0x02, 0x55, 0x5a, 0x75, 0xff, 0xaf, 0xb6, 0xf7, 0x2d, 0x12, 0x92, 0x00,
-   0x10, 0x20, 0x10, 0xa8, 0x54, 0xd5, 0xbf, 0x5d, 0xad, 0xdd, 0x0f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x04, 0x40, 0x09, 0x84, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0x5a, 0xed, 0xeb, 0x6a, 0xff,
-   0x9f, 0xa4, 0x24, 0x01, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x20, 0x50, 0x55, 0xd5, 0xbe, 0xae,
-   0xad, 0xfd, 0x16, 0x00, 0x10, 0x04, 0x20, 0x0a, 0x08, 0xb4, 0xaa, 0x95,
-   0xaa, 0x7b, 0xb7, 0xdb, 0x5f, 0x92, 0x04, 0x01, 0x84, 0x20, 0x21, 0x51,
-   0xd5, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0xee, 0xd5, 0xfe, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00,
-   0x08, 0x50, 0xe9, 0xd7, 0xd4, 0xfb, 0xb5, 0xff, 0x9f, 0x24, 0x09, 0x01,
-   0x42, 0x4a, 0xa2, 0x64, 0xd5, 0x55, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0xda, 0x7d, 0x4f, 0x00,
-   0x20, 0x04, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x2a, 0x13, 0x84, 0x6a, 0x55, 0xff,
-   0x1d, 0x48, 0x8a, 0x00, 0x94, 0x24, 0x8a, 0xc8, 0xaa, 0x42, 0x20, 0x5d,
-   0xf5, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x20, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x1a,
-   0x82, 0x56, 0xda, 0xbd, 0x3f, 0x92, 0x92, 0x00, 0x90, 0x92, 0x00, 0x40,
-   0x95, 0x6a, 0xf4, 0x55, 0x6d, 0xff, 0xd6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x20,
-   0x14, 0x49, 0x4b, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x56, 0xf5, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xab, 0xa4, 0x00,
-   0x20, 0x89, 0x40, 0x80, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xde, 0xbf, 0xeb, 0x03,
-   0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x2b, 0x2a, 0x55, 0x5b, 0xf5, 0xff,
-   0xd7, 0x2f, 0x92, 0x00, 0x10, 0x28, 0x21, 0x01, 0x56, 0x95, 0xa0, 0x56,
-   0xdf, 0xef, 0xea, 0x87, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x42, 0x41, 0x00, 0x90, 0xaa, 0x52,
-   0xb6, 0xad, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xd5, 0x2f, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x95, 0x04,
-   0xaa, 0xac, 0x55, 0x6b, 0xff, 0xb7, 0xea, 0x9f, 0x40, 0x02, 0x28, 0x51,
-   0x00, 0x40, 0x58, 0xd5, 0xda, 0xd6, 0x6e, 0x7f, 0xf9, 0x3f, 0x12, 0x04,
-   0x02, 0x04, 0x49, 0x25, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x77, 0xab, 0xff, 0x2b, 0xfd, 0x3f,
-   0x48, 0x01, 0x20, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58, 0xa9, 0xda, 0xea, 0xfd, 0xaf,
-   0xfa, 0xff, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x14, 0x29, 0x49, 0x52, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-   0xff, 0x8d, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0xa0, 0xa2,
-   0xaa, 0xea, 0xff, 0x53, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x02, 0x04, 0x50, 0x04, 0x25, 0xa8,
-   0x54, 0x49, 0x52, 0xb5, 0xbf, 0x8a, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xa9, 0x08, 0x04, 0x50,
-   0x80, 0x02, 0xa1, 0x2a, 0x95, 0xea, 0xff, 0xa1, 0xff, 0xff, 0x03, 0x02,
-   0x90, 0x02, 0x09, 0x08, 0x44, 0x49, 0x52, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0xca, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0x2b, 0x09, 0x04, 0x48, 0x40, 0x82, 0x90, 0x56, 0xa9, 0xf6, 0xbf, 0xd0,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0x47, 0x00, 0x50, 0x02, 0x15, 0x11, 0x40, 0x95, 0xaa, 0xfd,
-   0x2f, 0xe9, 0xff, 0xff, 0x8f, 0x0a, 0x84, 0x50, 0x40, 0x84, 0x14, 0xaa,
-   0x6a, 0xff, 0x5f, 0xf2, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x10, 0x02, 0x09, 0x10,
-   0x40, 0x7d, 0xf7, 0xff, 0x0b, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0xaf, 0x02, 0x84, 0x50,
-   0x42, 0x85, 0x12, 0xd0, 0xdd, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xf2, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x04,
-   0x00, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x10, 0x48, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0a, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0x7f, 0x03, 0xa4, 0x80, 0xa2, 0x8a, 0x02, 0x68, 0xff, 0xff, 0x52, 0xfd,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x08, 0x20, 0x28, 0xdc, 0xff, 0x5f,
-   0x05, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0d, 0x92, 0x40, 0x22, 0x09, 0x02, 0xea,
-   0xfb, 0xaf, 0x48, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x12, 0x81, 0xa0,
-   0x48, 0x9c, 0x6e, 0x93, 0xa2, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0xa8, 0x40,
-   0x28, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x74, 0xb5, 0x45, 0x81, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x02, 0x0a, 0x81, 0x20, 0x08, 0xae, 0xaa, 0x90, 0xe8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0x90, 0x40, 0x28, 0x88, 0x12, 0x58, 0x15, 0x50, 0xd0, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x44, 0x0a, 0x41, 0x21, 0x08, 0xae, 0x04, 0x14,
-   0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x40, 0x14, 0x88, 0x04, 0xba,
-   0x02, 0x28, 0xe8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x42, 0x15, 0x41, 0x21,
-   0x05, 0xad, 0x00, 0x05, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x40,
-   0x24, 0x8a, 0x0e, 0x36, 0x00, 0x0a, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x42, 0x25, 0x90, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0xc2, 0x41, 0x05, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x08, 0x05, 0xe8, 0x8e, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0xfa, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x4a, 0x20, 0xa8, 0xba, 0x0b, 0x2b, 0x51, 0x01,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x8a, 0x02, 0xe8, 0xaf, 0x84,
-   0x90, 0x04, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x52, 0x21, 0x54, 0xbf,
-   0x1f, 0x15, 0xa5, 0x02, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x08,
-   0x01, 0xfa, 0xb6, 0xa4, 0x52, 0x40, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x4a, 0xa2, 0x54, 0xef, 0x5f, 0x4b, 0xa4, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0x80, 0x10, 0x82, 0xfe, 0xbf, 0x92, 0x52, 0x42, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x12, 0x42, 0xa8, 0xbf, 0x1f, 0x24, 0x80, 0xa0,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x84, 0x28, 0x8a, 0xf7, 0x37, 0x80,
-   0x52, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x82, 0xe0, 0xff,
-   0x1f, 0x00, 0x20, 0xe1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x84, 0x28,
-   0xca, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
-   0x10, 0x42, 0xf0, 0xfd, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x50, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0x0f, 0xa4, 0x10, 0xc5, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0xff,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x22, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0,
-   0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xaa, 0x88, 0xe2, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x10,
-   0x00, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x25, 0xfa, 0xff,
-   0x0f, 0x01, 0x11, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xfb,
-   0xfb, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/flagdown.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/flagdown.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index 55abc5182..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/flagdown.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define flagdown_width 48
-#define flagdown_height 48
-static char flagdown_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xe1, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x06, 0x07,
-   0x00, 0xc0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x87, 0x07, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xc7, 0x07,
-   0x00, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xc0, 0xe5, 0x07, 0x00, 0x38, 0x80, 0xe1, 0x74, 0x07,
-   0x00, 0x18, 0x80, 0x71, 0x3c, 0x07, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x1e, 0x03,
-   0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x86, 0x1f, 0x8e, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x05, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x7f, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0xe4, 0xff, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x06, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x86, 0x01, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0xff, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0xf7, 0xbf, 0x8e, 0xfc, 0xdf, 0xf8, 0x9d, 0xeb, 0x9b, 0x76, 0xd2, 0x7a,
-   0x46, 0x30, 0xe2, 0x0f, 0xe1, 0x47, 0x55, 0x84, 0x48, 0x11, 0x84, 0x19};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/flagup.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/flagup.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6eb0d846a..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/flagup.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define flagup_width 48
-#define flagup_height 48
-static char flagup_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xef, 0x6a, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x7b, 0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x6a, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x01, 0xe0, 0x06, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xc0, 0x1f, 0xe0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0xe0, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x80, 0xe1, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x18, 0x80, 0xf1, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0xfb, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0xff, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x86, 0x1f, 0xee, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0xe6, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x66, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x7f, 0x56, 0x52, 0x06, 0xe4, 0xff, 0x00, 0x76, 0x55, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x56, 0x57, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x56, 0x55, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x56, 0xd5, 0x06, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x86, 0x01, 0x00,
-   0x54, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc6, 0x54, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x06, 0x00, 0x66, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x06, 0x00, 0x36, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x06, 0x00, 0xbe, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x6f, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x01, 0x88, 0x60, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x60, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x60, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x50, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x8a, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x95, 0x54, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x2a,
-   0x54, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/gray25.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/gray25.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index b234b3cb0..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/gray25.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define grey_width 16
-#define grey_height 16
-static char grey_bits[] = {
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/grey.25 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/grey.25
deleted file mode 100644
index b234b3cb0..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/grey.25
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define grey_width 16
-#define grey_height 16
-static char grey_bits[] = {
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44,
-   0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x11, 0x11, 0x44, 0x44};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/grey.5 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/grey.5
deleted file mode 100644
index 37688893f..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/grey.5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define grey_width 16
-#define grey_height 16
-static char grey_bits[] = {
-   0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa,
-   0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa,
-   0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/letters.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/letters.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f12568d1..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/letters.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define letters_width 48
-#define letters_height 48
-static char letters_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
-   0x00, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2e, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2a,
-   0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2e,
-   0xe0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x21, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
-   0xa0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x21, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x21,
-   0xa0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x21, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x21,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x21,
-   0xfa, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0b, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0a, 0x21,
-   0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0a, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0b, 0x21,
-   0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x21,
-   0x02, 0xc0, 0xfb, 0x03, 0x08, 0x21, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x3f,
-   0x02, 0xc0, 0xbd, 0x0f, 0x08, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01,
-   0x02, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0x7b, 0x08, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
-   0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/noletter.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/noletter.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5774124ef..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/noletter.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#define noletters_width 48
-#define noletters_height 48
-static char noletters_bits[] = {
-   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x01, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x01,
-   0x80, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x07,
-   0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0e,
-   0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x1e, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x1c,
-   0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x38, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x07, 0x38,
-   0x3c, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x78, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x41, 0x70,
-   0x1c, 0x04, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x40, 0x70, 0x1c, 0x74, 0x00, 0x78, 0x4e, 0x70,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x74, 0x03, 0x1e, 0x4a, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x80, 0x07, 0x40, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0x40, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x04, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x40, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x40, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x78, 0x00, 0x40, 0xe0,
-   0x0e, 0x04, 0xfc, 0xf3, 0x40, 0xe0, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x40, 0x70,
-   0x1c, 0x04, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x40, 0x70, 0x1c, 0x84, 0x07, 0x00, 0x40, 0x70,
-   0x3c, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x78, 0x38, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38,
-   0x38, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x70, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c,
-   0xf0, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e,
-   0xe0, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xc0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x07,
-   0x80, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x01,
-   0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x01, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x07, 0x00,
-   0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/pattern.bmp b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/pattern.bmp
deleted file mode 100644
index df31baf78..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/pattern.bmp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#define foo_width 16
-#define foo_height 16
-static char foo_bits[] = {
-   0x60, 0x06, 0x90, 0x09, 0x90, 0x09, 0xb0, 0x0d, 0x4e, 0x72, 0x49, 0x92,
-   0x71, 0x8e, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x71, 0x8e, 0x49, 0x92, 0x4e, 0x72,
-   0xb0, 0x0d, 0x90, 0x09, 0x90, 0x09, 0x60, 0x06};
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/tcllogo.gif b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/tcllogo.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 3fc7720b1..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/tcllogo.gif
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/teapot.ppm b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/teapot.ppm
deleted file mode 100644
index 78afefbf8..000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/images/teapot.ppm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-P6
-256 256
-255
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-+,!.! "`E6†iYŒlZ�o\“q]•s^�^J™va›wb�ycŸzd {e¤}foTMqUMsVMuWNwXNyYN{ZN|ZN~[N\O�]O‚]Oƒ^O…_O†_O‡`Oˆ`O‰aOŠaP‹bPŒbPŒcP�cPŽcPŽdP�dP�dP�dP�eP‘eP‘eP‘eP’eP’eP’eP’eP’fP’fP’fP“fP’fP’fP’fP’eP’eP’eP‘eP‘eP‘eP�eP�dP�dP�dPŽdPŽcP�cPŒcPŒbP‹bPŠaP‰aOˆ`O‡`O†_O…_Oƒ^O‚]O�]O\O~[N|[N{ZNyYNwXN®ƒi¬ƒiª‚i¨�i¦€hŒhR‰fQ†dQ‚bP•wfx]Oˆpdkbtd_m`]OEDG?A;:@.S….S….S….S….S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Tx«Ty«/S†GlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž…ªÜ…ªÜ…ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž…ªÜ…ªÜ£Ö£Ö£Ö£Ö¤Ö¤Ö¤Ö¤Ö¤ÖEi›€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤×€¤×€¤×€¤×€¥×€¥×€¥×Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Af˜Af˜%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%I|%I|%I|%I|%I|%I|
-+,YA5jPBpSD‹l[�o]’q^–t`‚_Kšwbœycžze {f¡}g¤h¨�i”lSrVMtWMvWNxXNyYN{ZN|[N~[N\O�]O‚]Oƒ^O„_O…_O†`O‡`Oˆ`O‰aPŠaP‹bP‹bPŒbP�cP�cPŽcPŽcP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�eP�eP�eP�eP�eP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dP�dPŽcPŽcP�cP�cPŒbP‹bP‹bPŠaP‰aOˆ`O‡`O†`O…_O„^Oƒ^O‚]O€]O\O~[N|[N{ZNyYNxXN°…j®„j¬„jªƒj¨‚j¦€jŒhSŠgS†eRƒcR|`QŒsf…oe}jcrd`k_]LCDC=@,,3(4F(4F.S….S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«…ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžChšChš¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤ÖEi›Ei›Ei›€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤Ö€¤×€¤×€¤×€¤×Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Bg™Bg™&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%I|%I|%I|%I|%I|#5H71O;3V?4iOBoSDsVF�o]{[I^Kƒ`L…bN‡dOŸ{f }g¢~h¥€j’kT•mU˜oVšqW�rWwXNxXNzYN{ZN}[N~[N\O€]O‚]Oƒ^O„^O…_O…_O†`O‡`Oˆ`O‰aO‰aPŠaP‹bP‹bPŒbPŒbPŒcP�cP�cP�cPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcPŽcP�cP�cP�cPŒcPŒbP‹bP‹bP‹bPŠaP‰aP‰aOˆ`O‡`O†_O…_O„_O„^Oƒ^O�]O€\O\N~[N|ZN{ZNyYN›oTšoT™oT—nT¬„lªƒl¨‚l�jUŒiTŠhT†fT€cS�vi‰rg�nfyidqdah^^HBD?<@)+3OZkMYk(5F(5F(5F/S…/S…/S…/S…/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«Ty«Uy«†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlž†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžHlžDhšDhšDhšChš&K}&K}&K}&K}&K}&K}ChšChšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Bg™Bg™Bg™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|&J|&J|&J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%I|%I|A99N?;L:2T>4gNBlRD‡k\‹n^z[J~^L�aN…cO‡dP‰fQŠgRŒhT�jU’lV•nW˜pXšrX�sY¶‹q¸�qºŽr¼�r½�r¿�s©z[©z[ªz[«{[¬{[¬{ZÅ“rÅ’qÅ’qÅ’pÅ’pÅ‘o­yV­xV¬xU¬wT¬wTŠaPŠbP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bP‹bPŠaPŠaPŠaP‰aP‰aOˆaOˆ`O‡`O‡`O†_O…_O„^Oƒ^O‚^O‚]O�]O€\O~\N}[N|ZNzYN�pTœpU›pUšpU˜oV—oV•nV“mV‘lV�kVŒjVˆhVƒfU~cU�uj†qh~mfugdkaad\^E@D98?$(2minffm^blV^lMYk(5F(5F/S…TxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«Uy«Uy«†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜ†ªÜHlžHlžHlžHlžHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸHlŸ'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}&K}&K}ChšChšChšChšChšChšChšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™&J|Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|%J|Ae˜Ae˜;GY<68I=:I82Q=4XA6~fZ„j\‰m^�p`|]L€`NƒcP†eQˆgS¡j£€l¦‚m©„n•oX˜qYšrZ�t[¶Œr¸�sº�s¼�t½�t¾‘t¨z]©{]ª{]«{\«{\¬{\¬{[Ä“sÄ“rÄ’rÄ’qÄ’pÄ‘p¬yWÄ�oÃ�nÃ�mÃ�lÂŽlÂŽkÁ�kˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆaOˆ`Oˆ`O‡`O‡`O‡`O†`O†_O…_O…_O„_O„^Oƒ^O‚]O�]O€]O\O~\N}[N|ZN¶‰l¶‰lµˆmœqV›qVšqV™pW˜pW–oW¬…nª…n§„n¤‚nŸ€n›~n€eW‘xlŠtk‚piykfodcf_`JDG@>C*,5$1MYk�tr~tstmolinadmX_lNZkMZkTxªTxªTxªTxªTx«Tx«Tx«Ty«Ty«Ty«Uy«Uy«Uy«†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†ªÝ†«Ý†«Ý†«Ý†«ÝHlŸHlŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸ†«Ý†«Ý†«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«Ý‡«ÝHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸHmŸ'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}'K}DhšDhšDhšDhšChšChšChšChšChšChšChšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCgšCg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™&J}&J}&J}Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Cg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bg™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf™Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜Bf˜&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|&J|Af˜Af˜Af˜Af˜;GY;GY;GY1'!D:9N?;N;3]I?zdY€h[†l^‹oa�sc“ue€bQ„dR‡fT l¢�m¦ƒn©…o«‡p®ˆq±Šr³‹sžv] w]¹�u»�u¼‘u¾‘u¿’v¨{^©{^ª|^«|]«|]«{\¬{\¬{[¬{[¬zZ«zZ«yY«yX«xXÂ�oÂ�nÂ�nÁŽmÁŽm¨uT¨uS§tS§tS§tR¦sR¦sQ…_O…_O…_O„^O„^Oƒ^Oƒ^O‚^O‚]O�]O€]O¢rS¡rS¡rS¸‰k·‰l·‰l¶‰m¶‰mµ‰m´‰n³‰n›qWšqX™qX®‡o­‡o«†p¨…p¤ƒp �pœp—}o{cXv`Vp]U}nishfhaba\_DAF::B$)4

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-"6*#5*">2)>0&A2'C3(I8-^OFbRHfUJjXMq^RwcVzfYfRDfQCdN@zdTqijrjksklrklrklrklqjmpjmpjmojmojmnimmimkhliflscYm`Xg\VbYT^VRE>;A<:>98:77645:873220/0,-/)+.*,/#%( &
-
-&3#.$-% .% .& /&!,#,#@70A71XNHXNHWNHWNHZRLYQLYQLXQLWQLWPLUOLSNLQMKOLJMJJ0//.-.,,-&(+"(!'			
-
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-
-
-						



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-








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diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
index e1007c5a8..d80751064 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $items_demo
       $items_demo = nil
@@ -119,8 +120,8 @@ TkcLine.new(cvs, '5c','6c','9c','6c','9c','1c','8c','1c','8c','4.8c','8.8c',
 	    '8.6c','1.4c','8.4c','1.4c','8.4c','4.4c',
 	    'width'=>3, 'fill'=>red, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '1c','5c','7c','5c','7c','7c','9c','7c', 'width'=>'.5c', 
-	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,
-	                    'images','gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator), 
+	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	                    'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator), 
 	    'arrow'=>'both', 'arrowshape'=>'15 15 7', 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '1c','7c','1.75c','5.8c','2.5c','7c','3.25c','5.8c','4c','7c',
 	    'width'=>'.5c', 'capstyle'=>'round', 'join'=>'round', 
@@ -135,8 +136,8 @@ TkcLine.new(cvs, '15.5c','1c','19.5c','1.5c','15.5c','4.5c','19.5c','4c',
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '12c','6c','13.5c','4.5c','16.5c','7.5c','18c','6c', 
 	    '16.5c','4.5c','13.5c','7.5c','12c','6c',
 	    'smooth'=>'on', 'width'=>'3m', 'capstyle'=>'round', 
-	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 
-	                    'images', 'gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator), 
+	    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..',
+	                    'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator), 
 	    'fill'=>red, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
 TkcText.new(cvs, '25c', '.2c', 'text'=>'¿³Ñ·Á', 'anchor'=>'n')
@@ -150,8 +151,8 @@ TkcPolygon.new(cvs, '25c','4c','25c','4c','25c','1c','26c','1c','27c','4c',
 TkcPolygon.new(cvs, '22c','4.5c','25c','4.5c','25c','6.75c','28c','6.75c',
 	       '28c','5.25c','24c','5.25c','24c','6.0c','26c','6c','26c',
 	       '7.5c','22c','7.5c', 
-	       'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
-                                 'images', 'gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+	       'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
+                                 'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	       'outline'=>'black', 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
 TkcText.new(cvs, '5c', '8.2c', 'text'=>'¶ë·Á', 'anchor'=>'n')
@@ -160,8 +161,8 @@ TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '1c','9.5c','4c','12.5c',
 TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '0.5c','13.5c','4.5c','15.5c', 
 		 'fill'=>green, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '6c','10c','9c','15c', 'outline'=>'',
-		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,
-	                         'images','gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	                         'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		 'fill'=>blue, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
 TkcText.new(cvs, '15c', '8.2c', 'text'=>'Âʱß', 'anchor'=>'n')
@@ -170,8 +171,8 @@ TkcOval.new(cvs, '11c','9.5c','14c','12.5c',
 TkcOval.new(cvs, '10.5c','13.5c','14.5c','15.5c', 
 		 'fill'=>green, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 TkcOval.new(cvs, '16c','10c','19c','15c', 'outline'=>'',
-		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,
-	                         'images','gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+		 'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	                         'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 		 'fill'=>blue, 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 
 TkcText.new(cvs, '25c', '8.2c', 'text'=>'¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È', 'anchor'=>'n')
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ TkcText.new(cvs, '25.5c', '11c', 'anchor'=>'w', 'font'=>font1, 'fill'=>blue,
 TkcRectangle.new(cvs, '24.9c','13.9c','25.1c','14.1c')
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   TkcText.new(cvs, '25c', '14c', 'anchor'=>'c', 'font'=>font2, 'fill'=>red, 
-	      'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
+	      'stipple'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
                                 'images', 'grey.5'].join(File::Separator),
 	      'text'=>'Stippled characters', 'tags'=>$tag_item )
 else
@@ -204,8 +205,8 @@ TkcArc.new(cvs, '0.5c','17c','7c','20c', 'fill'=>green, 'outline'=>'black',
 #	   'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcArc.new(cvs, '6.5c','17c','9.5c','20c', 'width'=>'4m', 'style'=>'arc', 
 	   'outline'=>blue, 'start'=>135, 'extent'=>270, 
-	   'outlinestipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 
-                                  'images','gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+	   'outlinestipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..',
+                                  'images','gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	   'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcArc.new(cvs, '0.5c','20c','9.5c','24c', 'width'=>'4m', 'style'=>'pieslice', 
 	   'fill'=>'', 'outline'=>red, 'start'=>225, 'extent'=>90, 
@@ -219,22 +220,22 @@ TkcText.new(cvs, '15c', '16.2c', 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×', 'anchor'=>'n')
 #	      'bitmap'=>'@' + ['images', 'face'].join(File::Separator),
 #	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '13c','20c',
-	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
-                               'images', 'face.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
+                               'images', 'face.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 #TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','18.5c',
 #	      'bitmap'=>'@' + ['images', 'noletters'].join(File::Separator),
 #	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','18.5c',
-	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, 
-	                       'images', 'noletter.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+	      'bitmap'=>'@' + [$demo_dir, '..',
+	                       'images', 'noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 #TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','21.5c',
 #	      'bitmap'=>'@' + ['images', 'letters'].join(File::Separator),
 #	      'tags'=>$tag_item)
 # ¢­¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç¤â²Äǽ
 TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','21.5c') {
-  bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir, 'images', 'letters.bmp'].join(File::Separator)
+  bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir, '..', 'images', 'letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
   tags $tag_item
 }
 #TkcBitmap.new(cvs, '17c','21.5c') {
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ end
 def itemDrag(c,x,y)
   x = c.canvasx(x)
   y = c.canvasy(y)
-  c.move 'current', x - $lastX, y - $lastY
+  c.move('current', x - $lastX, y - $lastY)
   $lastX = x
   $lastY = y
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
index 80ab5f3d8..425654216 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $label_demo
       $label_demo = nil
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
 TkLabel.new(f_right) {
-  bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'images','face.bmp'].join(File::Separator))
+  bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'..','images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
index 044fcd23a..8f76ffacf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ EOL
 TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'λ²ò', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
+  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
 		 $labelframe_demo.destroy
 		 $labelframe_demo = nil
 	       }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
index fb32623cc..79d5b3d4c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($menu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $menu_demo
       $menu_demo = nil
@@ -150,7 +151,8 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Icons', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
   TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|icon_menu|
     m.configure('menu'=>icon_menu)
     add('command', 
-	'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'images','pattern.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+	'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	                'images','pattern.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
 	'command'=>proc{TkDialog.new('title'=>'Bitmap Menu Entry', 
 				     'text'=>'º£¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ÁªÂò¤·¤¿¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Î¹àÌܤϥƥ­¥¹¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤ÎÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¾¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¹àÌܤÈÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£',
 				     'bitmap'=>'', 'default'=>0, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
index ea5fdf648..78d4e6887 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
 # frame
 TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $menu84_demo
       $menu84_demo = nil
@@ -68,8 +69,8 @@ TkMenu.new($menu84_frame, 'tearoff'=>false) {|m|
   $menu84_frame.add('cascade', 'label'=>'File', 'menu'=>m, 'underline'=>0)
   add('command', 'label'=>'Open...', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Open..." ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
   add('command', 'label'=>'New', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"New" ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
-  add('command', 'label'=>'Save', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Save" ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
-  add('command', 'label'=>'Save As...', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Save As..." ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
+  add('command', 'label'=>'Save', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Save" ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
+  add('command', 'label'=>'Save As...', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Save As..." ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
   add('separator')
   add('command', 'label'=>'Print Setup...', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Print Setup..." ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
   add('command', 'label'=>'Print...', 'command'=>proc{fail '¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢"Print..." ¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ÏÆäËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£'})
@@ -157,7 +158,8 @@ TkMenu.new($menu84_frame, 'tearoff'=>false) {|m|
 TkMenu.new($menu84_frame, 'tearoff'=>false) {|m|
   $menu84_frame.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Icons', 'menu'=>m, 'underline'=>0)
   add('command', 'hidemargin'=>1, 
-      'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'images','pattern.bmp'].join(File::Separator),
+      'bitmap'=>'@'+[$demo_dir,'..',
+	              'images','pattern.xbm'].join(File::Separator),
       'command'=>proc{TkDialog.new('title'=>'Bitmap Menu Entry', 
 				   'text'=>'¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ÁªÂò¤·¤¿¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¹àÌܤϡ¢Ê¸»úÎó¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤Ç¹àÌܤòɽ¼¨¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤ÎÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤Û¤«¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¹àÌܤȤδ֤ÇÆä˰㤤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£',
 				   'bitmap'=>'', 'default'=>0, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
index a6d3c5e09..08598f88f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ TkLabel.new($menu8x_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $menu8x_demo
       $menu8x_demo = nil
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
-    command proc{showCode 'menu'}
+    command proc{showCode 'menu8x'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@ TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $menu8x_demo
       $menu8x_demo = nil
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
-    command proc{showCode 'menu'}
+    command proc{showCode 'menu8x'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
index 8b4d7980d..130801418 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ TkLabel.new($menubu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $menubu_demo
       $menubu_demo = nil
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
-    command proc{showCode 'menu'}
+    command proc{showCode 'menubu'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
@@ -156,7 +157,8 @@ center = TkFrame.new(body) {
 
 TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc {
       tmppath = $menubu_demo
       $menubu_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
index cf53d7048..03ab1f7db 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ TkLabel.new($msgbox_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $msgbox_demo
       $msgbox_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
index 99e6b6cdd..cd51e34aa 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ EOL
 TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'λ²ò', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
+  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
 		 $paned1_demo.destroy
 		 $paned1_demo = nil
 	       }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
index 9df88c4b9..b0261d50f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ EOL
 TkFrame.new($paned2_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'λ²ò', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
+  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
 		 $paned2_demo.destroy
 		 $paned2_demo = nil
 	       }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
index 464dd4441..c8025d8bf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ TkLabel.new($plot_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 $plot_buttons = TkFrame.new($plot_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $plot_demo
       $plot_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
index 24c48693a..afef8fcb0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $puzzle_demo
       $puzzle_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
index 871503029..5858b4222 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $radio_demo
       $radio_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
index 62425af90..c7b98e631 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# radio.rb
+# radio2.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
 # several radiobutton widgets.
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ end
 
 # demo toplevel widget
 $radio2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Radiobutton Demonstration")
-  iconname("radio")
+  title("Radiobutton Demonstration 2")
+  iconname("radio2")
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($radio2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
-  text "²¼¤Ë¤Ï2¤Ä¤Î¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤À¤±¤¬¤½¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£³Æ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤½¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎÃæ¤Î¤É¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¼¨¤¹ÊÑ¿ô¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖÊÑ¿ô»²¾È¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£"
+  text "²¼¤Ë¤Ï3¤Ä¤Î¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤À¤±¤¬¤½¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£³Æ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤½¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎÃæ¤Î¤É¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¼¨¤¹ÊÑ¿ô¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖÊÑ¿ô»²¾È¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£"
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ align = TkVariable.new
 # frame 
 TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $radio2_demo
       $radio2_demo = nil
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
-    command proc{showCode 'radio'}
+    command proc{showCode 'radio2'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
   TkButton.new(frame) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
index 1c482aafb..dcc18cfa5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tom LaStrange ¤Î rolodex ¤Î°ìÉô¤Ç¤¹¡£
 # 
 # Copyright (C) 1998 by Takaaki Tateishi <ttate@jaist.ac.jp>
-# Time-stamp: "03/08/02 14:01:54 nagai"
+# Time-stamp: "04/04/09 00:32:12 nagai"
 #
 
 require "tk"
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
index d1a7818be..5d8c0443c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ TkLabel.new($ruler_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 # frame À¸À®
 $ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $ruler_demo
       $ruler_demo = nil
@@ -72,11 +73,13 @@ $demo_rulerInfo.normalStyle = {'fill'=>'black'}
 if TkWinfo.depth($ruler_canvas) > 1
   $demo_rulerInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'red', 'stipple'=>''}
   $demo_rulerInfo.deleteStyle = {'fill'=>'red', 
-    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 'images', 'gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator)}
+    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..', 
+                     'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator)}
 else
   $demo_rulerInfo.activeStyle = {'fill'=>'black', 'stipple'=>''}
   $demo_rulerInfo.deleteStyle = {'fill'=>'black', 
-    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, 'images', 'gray25.bmp'].join(File::Separator)}
+    'stipple'=>'@'+[$demo_dir, '..', 
+                     'images', 'gray25.xbm'].join(File::Separator)}
 end
 
 TkcLine.new($ruler_canvas, 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
index f627396e0..bcbdd7a5e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $sayings_demo
       $sayings_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
index 538c607c0..3ae7de769 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ $search_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 # frame À¸À®
 $search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $search_demo
       $search_demo = nil
@@ -141,45 +142,33 @@ $search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
 
 if TkWinfo.depth($search_demo) > 1
   textToggle(proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'#ce5555', 
-				       'foreground'=>'white')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'#ce5555', 
+				     'foreground'=>'white')
 	     },
 	     800, 
 	     proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
 	     },
 	     200 )
 else
   textToggle(proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'black', 
-				       'foreground'=>'white')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'black', 
+				     'foreground'=>'white')
 	     },
 	     800, 
 	     proc{
-	       begin
-		 $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
-	       rescue
-	       end
+	       $search_Tag.configure('background'=>'', 'foreground'=>'')
 	     },
 	     200 )
 end
-$search_text.insert('1.0', '\
-¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ï¸¡º÷µ¡¹½¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È widget ¤Î¥¿¥°µ¡Ç½¤¬¤É¤Î
-¤è¤¦¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Î¤«¤ò¥Ç¥â¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¾å¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òÆþ
-¤ì¡¢<¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó> ¤ò²¡¤¹¤«¡Ö¥í¡¼¥É¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¼¡¤Ë¤½¤Î²¼¤Î
-¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëʸ»úÎó¤òÆþÎϤ·¡¢<¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó> ¤ò²¡¤¹¤«¡Öȿž¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯
-¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤¹¤ë¤È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Î¡¢¸¡º÷ʸ»úÎó¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ëÉôʬ¤ËÁ´¤Æ "search_Tag"
-¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¥°¤¬¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¡¢¥¿¥°¤Îɽ¼¨Â°À­¤È¤·¤Æ¤½¤Îʸ»úÎó¤¬ÅÀÌǤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë
-ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£')
+$search_text.insert('1.0', "\
+¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ï¸¡º÷µ¡¹½¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È widget ¤Î¥¿¥°µ¡Ç½¤¬¤É¤Î \
+¤è¤¦¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Î¤«¤ò¥Ç¥â¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¾å¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òÆþ \
+¤ì¡¢<¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó> ¤ò²¡¤¹¤«¡Ö¥í¡¼¥É¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¼¡¤Ë¤½¤Î²¼¤Î \
+¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëʸ»úÎó¤òÆþÎϤ·¡¢<¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó> ¤ò²¡¤¹¤«¡Öȿž¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯ \
+¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤¹¤ë¤È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Î¡¢¸¡º÷ʸ»úÎó¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ëÉôʬ¤ËÁ´¤Æ \"search_Tag\" \
+¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¥°¤¬¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¡¢¥¿¥°¤Îɽ¼¨Â°À­¤È¤·¤Æ¤½¤Îʸ»úÎó¤¬ÅÀÌǤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë \
+ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£")
 $search_text.set_insert '0.0'
 
 $search_fileName.value = ''
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
index 4f6edc13c..69d6d71d8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ EOL
 TkFrame.new($spin_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'λ²ò', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
+  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
 		 $spin_demo.destroy
 		 $spin_demo = nil
 	       }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
index cf8a6768b..dfae82126 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $states_demo
       $states_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
index d58c6115a..458479611 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ $style_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $style_demo
       $style_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor
index 391ce4c44..fc697df63 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor
@@ -16,15 +16,16 @@ require "tk"
 # Tk¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤ÏTkVariable¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¡£
 
 $colorSpace = TkVariable.new(:rgb)
+$master = nil
 $red = 65535
 $green = 0
 $blue = 0
 $color = "#ffff00000000"
 $updating = TkVariable.new(0)
 $autoUpdate = TkVariable.new(1)
-$name = TkVariable.new("")
-# $command = TkVariable.new("print(%%,\"\n\")")
-$command = TkVariable.new("")
+$name = TkVariable.new($color)
+$command = TkVariable.new("print(%%,\"\n\")")
+# $command = TkVariable.new("")
 $label1 = TkVariable.new("label1")
 $label2 = TkVariable.new("label2")
 $label3 = TkVariable.new("label3")
@@ -134,6 +135,8 @@ def tc_scaleChanged
     return 
   end
 
+  $master = :scale if $master == nil
+
   scale1 = $root.middle.middle.scale1
   scale2 = $root.middle.middle.scale2
   scale3 = $root.middle.middle.scale3
@@ -158,11 +161,13 @@ def tc_scaleChanged
     raise(Exception,"unknown colorSpace")
   end
   $color = format("#%04x%04x%04x",$red.to_i,$green.to_i,$blue.to_i)
+  $name.value = $color if $master == :scale
   $root.middle.right.set_color($color)
   if( $autoUpdate.to_i == 1 )
     doUpdate
   end
-  Tk.update(TRUE)
+  Tk.update(true)
+  $master = nil if $master == :scale
 end
 
 
@@ -196,6 +201,8 @@ end
 
 
 def tc_loadNamedColor(name)
+  $name.value = name
+  $master = :name if $master == nil
   if name[0,1] != "#" 
     list = TkWinfo.rgb($root.middle.right.swatch,name)
     $red = list[0]
@@ -222,9 +229,9 @@ def tc_loadNamedColor(name)
       if strlist.length != 3
 	raise(eException,"syntax error in color name \"#{name}\"")
       end
-      $red = strlist[0].to_i
-      $green = strlist[1].to_i
-      $blue = strlist[2].to_i
+      $red = strlist[0].hex
+      $green = strlist[1].hex
+      $blue = strlist[2].hex
     }
     $red = $red << shift
     $green = $green << shift
@@ -237,6 +244,8 @@ def tc_loadNamedColor(name)
   if $autoUpdate.to_i == 1
     doUpdate
   end
+  Tk.update(true)
+  $master = nil if $master == :name
 end
 
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
index 179589d82..bec95ee52 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ end
 # frame À¸À®
 TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $text_demo
       $text_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
index d35acd24d..8716ad727 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ $twind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 # frame À¸À®
 $twind_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $twind_demo
       $twind_demo = nil
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ TkTextWindow.new($twind_text, 'end',
 		   command proc{textWindOn $twind_text,$twind_buttons}
 		   cursor 'top_left_arrow'
 		 })
-$twind_text.insert('end', '¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿2¤Ä¤á¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È')
+$twind_text.insert('end', "¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿2¤Ä¤á¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È\n")
 $twind_text.insert('end', '¿åÊ¿Êý¸þ¤Î¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¤ò')
 TkTextWindow.new($twind_text, 'end', 
 		 'window'=>TkButton.new($twind_text) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
index d408a36aa..37cc1699b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ EOL
 TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'λ²ò', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
+  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
 		 $unicodeout_demo.destroy
 		 $unicodeout_demo = nil
 	       }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
index 4cb8e0f6b..86f6f7cde 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
 TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'λ²ò'
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc {
       tmppath = $vscale_demo
       $vscale_demo = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
index 696a9073c..0544127cb 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 
+# ´Á»ú¥³¡¼¥ÉÀßÄê ( tk.rb ¤Î¥í¡¼¥É»þ¤Î encoding ¿äÄê/ÀßÄê¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë )
+$KCODE = 'euc'
+
 # tk ´Ø·¸¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÆɤ߹þ¤ß
 require 'tk'
-require 'tkafter'
+# require 'tkafter'
 
 # widget demo directory °ÌÃ֤γÍÆÀ
 $demo_dir = File.dirname($0)
@@ -12,43 +15,106 @@ $root = TkRoot.new{title "Widget Demonstration"}
 
 # tk ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¼èÆÀ
 $tk_version = Tk::TK_VERSION
+$tk_major_ver, $tk_minor_ver = $tk_version.split('.').map{|n| n.to_i}
+$tk_patchlevel = Tk::TK_PATCHLEVEL
 
 # tcl_platform ¾ðÊó¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È
 $tk_platform = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_platform')
 
 # ¥Õ¥©¥ó¥ÈÀßÄê
-$font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', nil)
-knjfont = '-*-r-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-$kanji_font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
-			 knjfont)
-TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
-$msg_kanji_font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
-			     '-*-r-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
 #######
-#case($tk_version)
-#when /^4.*/
-#  $font = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-#  $kanji_font = '-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-#  $msg_kanji_font = '-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-#  $knjfont_opt = 'kanjifont'
-#  TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', $kanji_font, 'startupFile')
-#
-#when /^8.*/
-#  Tk.tk_call('font', 'create', '@ascii', 
-#	     '-copy', '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-#  Tk.tk_call('font', 'create', '@kanji', 
-#	     '-copy', '-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
-#  Tk.tk_call('font', 'create', '@msg_knj', 
-#	     '-copy', '-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
-#  Tk.tk_call('font', 'create', '@cFont', '-compound', '@ascii @kanji')
-#  Tk.tk_call('font', 'create', '@cMsgFont', '-compound', '@ascii @msg_knj')
-#  $font = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-#  $kanji_font = '@cFont'
-#  $msg_kanji_font = '@cMsgFont'
-#  $knjfont_opt = 'font'
-#end
+case($tk_version)
+when /^4.*/
+  $font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', nil)
+  knjfont = '-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
+  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
+			   knjfont)
+  TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
+  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
+			     '-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
+
+#when '8.0'
+#  $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12')
+#  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12', 'Mincho -12')
+#  TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
+#  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 16', 'Gothic 16 bold')
+
+when /^8.*/
+  $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12')
+  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12', 'Mincho -12')
+  TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
+  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 16', 'Gothic 16 bold')
+
+else
+  $font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', nil)
+  knjfont = '-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
+  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
+			   knjfont)
+  TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
+  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
+			     '-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
+end
 #######
 
+# ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸ÀßÄê
+$image = {}
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['refresh'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhEAAQAPMAAMz/zCpnKdb/1z9mPypbKBtLGy9NMPL/9Or+6+P+4j1Y
+    PwQKBP7//xMLFAYBCAEBASH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAQABAAAwR0EAD3Gn0Vyw0e
+    ++CncU7IIAezMA/nhUqSLJizvSdCEEjy2ZIV46AwDAoDHwPYGSoEiUJAAGJ6
+    EDHBNCFINW5OqABKSFk/B9lUa94IDwIFgewFMwQDQwCZQCztTgM9Sl8SOEMG
+    KSAthiaOjBMPDhQONBiXABEAOw==
+EOD
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['view'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhEAAQAPMAAMz/zP///8DAwICAgH9/fwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAQABAAAwRIcMhJB7h3hM33
+    KFjWdQQYap1QrCaGBmrRrS4nj5b53jOgbwXBKGACoYLDIuAoHCmZyYvR1rT5
+    RMAq8LqcIYGsrjPsW1XOmFUEADs=
+EOD
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['delete'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhEAAOAKEAAIQAAO/n3v///////yH5BAEKAAIALAAAAAAQAA4AAAIm
+    lI9pAKHbIHNoVhYhTdjlJ2AWKG2g+CldmB6rxo2uybYhbS80eRQAOw==
+EOD
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+$image['print'] = TkPhotoImage.new(:height=>16, :format=>'GIF', :data=><<EOD)
+    R0lGODlhGgATAPcAACEQOTEpQjEpUkIpc0IxY0I5c0oxjEo5SlJCY1JCe1JK
+    UlpChFpCjFpGkFpSc1paa2NKc2NKnGNja2tapWtjc29KnHNanHNjc3NjrXNr
+    jHNrnHNzc3tjpXtrtXtzhICAgIRzvYSEjIZzqox7tYyEnIyMjJSEtZSEvZSM
+    lJyMtZyMvZyUlJyUrZyUvZycnKWctaWlpa2czq2lzrWtvbWtzrW1tb21xr21
+    1sa9zs693s7OztbO3tbO597W1t7W7+fe7+fn5////+/n7+/v7+/v9////wAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAEEALAAAAAAaABMAQAj/AIMIHBhkg0GC
+    CBMGIQEiQgseQT4oeCBBAokgRYYQ0JBixg8hRIiUUEBBYYmTByBwiCBCRYwH
+    CxY8cKFw4AogRXLqLAJkQ80gCBBg3BkxZswTNGh4MGqgQQUMJRHCwMkTSE+D
+    Pn8eCKBhxIMhO3ei2OHDBw6sWSlMMMoWgwwfMDZI8GBjx44NARZwEGGi5MkS
+    PcIWKRGz5YgLbAco+KkQBQoJIRgjdGEVq+SaJajqtNrzMgsPCmoIzqmDgmWE
+    KOBuUKAAwYabYTfs4OHjY0giGyhk4MAWRI4eKyRQqPgggYUXPH4A+XBAgwoK
+    DiIsCFxjA9sFEVQQCRJCAYAFDJxiKhAxvMTonEFimrhhYinTBgWiCvxLNX3M
+    DkkpsKV5OYhjBxCMYAICAigUEAA7
+EOD
+end
+
 # ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼ÀßÄê
 TkMenubar.new($root, 
 	      [[['File', 0], 
@@ -57,6 +123,7 @@ TkMenubar.new($root,
 		  ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Meta-Q']
 		]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 $root.bind('F1', proc{aboutBox})
+$root.bind('Meta-q', proc{exit})
 
 =begin
 TkFrame.new($root){|frame|
@@ -77,7 +144,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   txt = TkText.new($root) {
     #wrap 'word'
     wrap 'char'
-    width 60
+    width 70
     height 30
     font $font
     setgrid 'yes'
@@ -95,7 +162,7 @@ else
   txt = TkText.new($root) {
     #wrap 'word'
     wrap 'char'
-    width 60
+    width 70
     height 30
     font $font
     setgrid 'yes'
@@ -103,6 +170,7 @@ else
     padx 4
     pady 2
     takefocus 0
+    bd 1
     yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| scr.set first,last}
   }
   scr.command(proc{|*args| txt.yview(*args)})
@@ -124,11 +192,13 @@ end
 
 # ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¿¥°ÀßÄê
 tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-tag_kanji_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
-tag_middle = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
+#tag_kanji_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
+#tag_middle = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
+tag_kanji_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>$msg_kanji_font)
+tag_middle = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>$kanji_font)
 tag_demospace = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'lmargin1'=>'1c', 'lmargin2'=>'1c')
 
-if TkWinfo.depth($root) == '1'
+if TkWinfo.depth($root) == 1
   tag_demo = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'lmargin1'=>'1c', 'lmargin2'=>'1c', 
 			   'underline'=>1)
   $tag_visited = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'lmargin1'=>'1c', 'lmargin2'=>'1c', 
@@ -218,28 +288,34 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Ê£¿ô¤òÁªÂò²Äǽ)\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-check")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. ¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Ǥ°Õ¤Î°ì¤Ä¤òÁªÂò²Äǽ)\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "5. £³¾õÂÖ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+	   tag_demo, "demo-check2")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. ¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Ǥ°Õ¤Î°ì¤Ä¤òÁªÂò²Äǽ)\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-radio")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "6. ¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "7. ¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-radio2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "7. ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Çºî¤é¤ì¤¿15-¥Ñ¥º¥ë¥²¡¼¥à\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "8. £³¾õÂ֥饸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+	   tag_demo, "demo-radio3")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "9. ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Çºî¤é¤ì¤¿15-¥Ñ¥º¥ë¥²¡¼¥à\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-puzzle")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "8. ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¥Ü¥¿¥ó\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "10. ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¥Ü¥¿¥ó\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-icon")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "9. ²èÁü¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ëÆó¤Ä¤Î¥é¥Ù¥ë\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "11. ²èÁü¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ëÆó¤Ä¤Î¥é¥Ù¥ë\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-image1")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "10. ²èÁü¤ò¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "12. ²èÁü¤ò¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-image2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "11. ²èÁü¤ò¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "13. ²èÁü¤ò¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-image3")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "12. ¥é¥Ù¥ëÉÕ¤­¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "14. ¥é¥Ù¥ëÉÕ¤­¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
@@ -286,7 +362,10 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤òËä¤á¹þ¤ó¤À¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-twind")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. ¸¡º÷\n", tag_demo, "demo-search")
+txt.insert('end', "5. ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤òËä¤á¹þ¤ó¤À¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+	   tag_demo, "demo-twind2")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. ¸¡º÷\n", tag_demo, "demo-search")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -305,7 +384,9 @@ txt.insert('end', "5. ¥ë¡¼¥é¡¼\n", tag_demo, "demo-ruler")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "6. ¥Õ¥í¥¢¥×¥é¥ó\n", tag_demo, "demo-floor")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "7. ¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë²Äǽ¤Ê¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹\n", 
+txt.insert('end', "7. ¥Õ¥í¥¢¥×¥é¥ó (°Û¤Ê¤ë¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹¥¢¥¤¥Æ¥àºîÀ®ÊýË¡¤ò»ÈÍÑ)\n", tag_demo, "demo-floor2")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "8. ¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë²Äǽ¤Ê¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹\n", 
 	   tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
@@ -381,14 +462,14 @@ end
 
 # ¿Æ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤È¡¤ÊÑ¿ô̾¤È TkVariable ¤È¤ÎÁÈ(ÇÛÎó)¤ÎʤӤòÅϤ¹
 $showVarsWin = {}
-def showVars (parent, *args)
+def showVars1(parent, *args)
   if $showVarsWin[parent.path]
     begin
       $showVarsWin[parent.path].destroy 
     rescue
     end
   end
-  w = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
+  top = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
     TkLabel.new(w) {
       text "ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:"
@@ -413,7 +494,49 @@ def showVars (parent, *args)
       command proc{w.destroy}
     }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'pady'=>2)
   }
-  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = w
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = top
+end
+
+def showVars2(parent, *args)
+  if $showVarsWin[parent.path]
+    begin
+      $showVarsWin[parent.path].destroy 
+    rescue
+    end
+  end
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
+    title "Variable values"
+
+    TkLabelFrame.new(w, :text=>"ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:", 
+		     :font=>{:family=>'Helvetica', :size=>14}){|f|
+      args.each{|vnam,vbody|
+	TkGrid(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"#{vnam}: ", :anchor=>'w'), 
+	       TkLabel.new(f, :textvariable=>vbody, :anchor=>'w'), 
+	       :padx=>2, :pady=>2, :sticky=>'w')
+      }
+
+      f.grid(:sticky=>'news', :padx=>4)
+      f.grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
+      f.grid_rowconfig(100, :weight=>1)
+    }
+    TkButton.new(w, :text=>"λ²ò", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
+		 :command=>proc{w.destroy}){|b|
+      w.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
+      w.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
+
+      b.grid(:sticky=>'e', :padx=>4, :pady=>[6, 4])
+    }
+    w.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    w.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+  }
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver < 8
+  alias showVars showVars1
+elsif $tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver < 4
+  alias showVars showVars1
+else # ver >= 8.4
+  alias showVars showVars2
 end
 
 # ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¾å¤Ç¤Î click ¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÆ°ºî
@@ -424,7 +547,8 @@ def invoke (txt, index)
   txt.cursor('watch')
   Tk.update
 #  eval `cat #{tag[5..-1]}.rb`
-  eval `cat #{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb`
+#  eval `cat #{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb`
+  eval IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join
   Tk.update
 #  txt.cursor('xterm')
   txt.cursor(cursor)
@@ -449,14 +573,15 @@ def showStatus (txt, index)
 end
 
 # ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Îɽ¼¨
-def showCode (demo)
+def showCode1(demo)
   file = "#{demo}.rb"
   $code_window = nil unless defined? $code_window
-  if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == '0'
+  if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
     $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
     f = TkFrame.new($code_window)
     TkButton.new(f) {
-      text "λ²ò"
+      #text "λ²ò"
+      text "ÊĤ¸¤ë"
       command proc{
 	$code_window.destroy
 	$code_window = nil
@@ -528,13 +653,194 @@ def showCode (demo)
   fid.close
 end
 
+def showCode2(demo)
+  file = "#{demo}.rb"
+  $code_window = nil unless defined? $code_window
+  if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
+    $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
+    tf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
+    $code_text = TkText.new(tf, :font=>'Courier 10', :height=>30, 
+			   :wrap=>'word', :bd=>1, :setgrid=>true, 
+			   :highlightthickness=>0, :pady=>2, :padx=>3)
+    xscr = TkScrollbar.new(tf, :bd=>1){assign($code_text)}
+    yscr = TkScrollbar.new(tf, :bd=>1){assign($code_text)}
+    TkGrid($code_text, yscr, :sticky=>'news')
+    #TkGrid(xscr)
+    tf.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    tf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    bf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
+    
+    #b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'λ²ò', :default=>:active, 
+    b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :default=>:active, 
+			 :command=>proc{
+			   $code_window.destroy
+			   $code_window = nil
+			 }, 
+			 :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left)
+    b_prn = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'°õºþ', 
+			 :command=>proc{printCode($code_text, file)}, 
+			 :image=>$image['print'], :compound=>:left)
+    b_run = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'ºÆ¼Â¹Ô', 
+			 :command=>proc{eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'))}, 
+			 :image=>$image['refresh'], :compound=>:left)
+
+    TkGrid('x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
+    bf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    TkGrid(tf, :sticky=>'news')
+    TkGrid(bf, :sticky=>'ew')
+    $code_window.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    $code_window.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    $code_window.bind('Return', proc{|win|
+			b_dis.invoke unless win.kind_of?(TkText)
+		      }, '%W')
+    $code_window.bindinfo('Return').each{|cmd, arg|
+      $code_window.bind_append('Escape', cmd, arg)
+    }
+  else
+    $code_window.deiconify
+    $code_window.raise
+  end
+
+  $code_window.title("Demo code: #{file}")
+  $code_window.iconname(file)
+  fid = open([$demo_dir, file].join(File::Separator), 'r')
+  $code_text.delete('1.0', 'end')
+  $code_text.insert('1.0', fid.read)
+  TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
+  fid.close
+end
+
+if $tk_major_ver < 8
+  alias showCode showCode1
+elsif $tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver < 4
+  alias showCode showCode1
+else # ver >= 8.4
+  alias showCode showCode2
+end
+
+
+# printCode --
+# Prints the source code currently displayed in the See Code dialog.
+# Much thanks to Arjen Markus for this.
+#
+# Arguments:
+# txt -		Name of text widget containing code to print
+# file -	Name of the original file (implicitly for title)
+
+def printCode(txt, file)
+  code = txt.get('1.0', 'end - 1c')
+  dir = '.'
+  dir = ENV['HOME'] if ENV['HOME']
+  dir = ENV['TMP'] if ENV['TMP']
+  dir = ENV['TEMP'] if ENV['TEMP']
+
+  fname = [dir, 'tkdemo-' + file].join(File::Separator)
+  open(fname, 'w'){|fid| fid.print(code)}
+  begin
+    case Tk::TCL_PLATFORM('platform')
+    when 'unix'
+      msg = `lp -c #{fname}`
+      unless $?.exitstatus == 0
+	Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Print spooling failure', 
+		      :message=>'¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡¥' + 
+		                '°õºþ¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹ : ' + msg)
+      end
+    when 'windows'
+      begin
+	printTextWin32(fname)
+      rescue => e
+	Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Print spooling failure', 
+		      :message=>'¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡¥' + 
+		                '°õºþ¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹ : ' + 
+		                e.message)
+      end      
+    when 'macintosh'
+      Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Operation not Implemented', 
+		    :message=>'°õºþµ¡Ç½¤Ï¤Þ¤À¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó')
+    else
+      Tk.messageBox(:title=>'Operation not Implemented', 
+		    :message=>'¸¡½Ð¤µ¤ì¤¿´Ä¶­ ' + 
+		              Tk::TCL_PLATFORM('platform') + 
+		              ' ¤Ï̤ÃΤδĶ­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¤' + 
+                              '°õºþµ¡Ç½¤Ï¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó: ')
+    end
+  ensure
+    File.delete(fname)
+  end
+end
+
+# printTextWin32 --
+#    Print a file under Windows
+#
+# Arguments:
+# filename -		Name of the file
+#
+def printTextWin32(fname)
+  require 'win32/registry'
+  begin
+    app = Win32::Registry::HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT['.txt']
+    pcmd = nil
+    Win32::Registry::HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.open("#{app}\\shell\\print"){|reg|
+      pcmd = reg['command']
+    }
+  rescue
+    app = Tk.tk_call('auto_execok', 'notepad.exe')
+    pcmd = "#{app} /p %1"
+  end
+
+  pcmd.gsub!('%1', fname)
+  puts pcmd
+  cmd = Tk.tk_call('auto_execok', 'start') + ' /min ' + pcmd
+  
+  msg = `#{cmd}`
+  unless $?.exitstatus == 0
+    fail RuntimeError, msg
+  end
+end
+
 # aboutBox
 #
 #      Pops up a message box with an "about" message
 #
 def aboutBox
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'title'=>'About Widget Demo', 
-		'message'=>"Ruby/Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â Ver.1.3.2-jp\n\n( based on Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â :: Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. )\n\nRunning Version :: Ruby#{VERSION}/Tk#{$tk_version}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? 'jp': ''}")
+		'message'=>"Ruby/Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â Ver.1.4.3-jp\n\n" + 
+                           "based on demos of Tk8.1 -- 8.5  " + 
+		           "( Copyright:: " + 
+		           "(c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. / " + 
+                           "(c) 1997-2000 Ajuba Solutions, Inc. / " + 
+		           "(c) 2001-2003 Donal K. Fellows )\n\n" +
+                           "Your Ruby & Tk Version ::\n" + 
+                           "Ruby#{RUBY_VERSION}(#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})[#{RUBY_PLATFORM}] / Tk#{$tk_patchlevel}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? '-jp': ''}")
+end
+
+####################################
+# °ú¿ô¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥â¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë
+no_launcher = false
+if ARGV[0] == '-n'
+  ARGV.shift
+  no_launcher = true if ARGV.size > 0
+end
+ARGV.each{|cmd| 
+  if cmd =~ /(.*).rb/
+    cmd = $1
+  end
+  eval IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join
+}
+if no_launcher
+  $root.withdraw  # hide root window
+  Thread.start{
+    loop do
+      count = 0
+      $root.winfo_children.each{|w|
+	count += 1 if w.kind_of?(TkToplevel)
+      }
+      $root.destroy if count == 0
+    end
+  }
 end
 
 ################################
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb b/ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb
index 0a25c804f..a93707220 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ safe_slave2   = MultiTkIp.new_safeTk('fill'=>:none, 'expand'=>false)
 #safe_slave2   = MultiTkIp.new_safeTk('fill'=>:none)
 #safe_slave2   = MultiTkIp.new_safeTk('expand'=>false)
 
-
 cmd = Proc.new{|txt|
   #####################
   ## from TkTimer2.rb
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkballoonhelp.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkballoonhelp.rb
index 312e376a0..b71c5746d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkballoonhelp.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkballoonhelp.rb
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ if __FILE__ == $0
   TkButton.new('text'=>'This button has another balloon help') {|b|
     pack('fill'=>'x')
     TkBalloonHelp.new(b, 'text'=>'configured message', 
-		      'interval'=>500, 'font'=>'courier', 
+		      'interval'=>200, 'font'=>'courier', 
 		      'background'=>'gray', 'foreground'=>'red')
   }
   Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkline.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkline.rb
index 2406b0749..5bdf3aec7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkline.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkline.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ def start_random
   end
 end
 
+Label.new('text'=>'Please press or drag button-1').pack
+
 $c = Canvas.new
 $c.pack
 $start_x = start_y = 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkmultilistbox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkmultilistbox.rb
index c3787a0cf..257cf95c3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkmultilistbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkmultilistbox.rb
@@ -109,7 +109,9 @@ class TkMultiListbox < TkListbox
 	@v_scroll.set first, last
       }
     }
-    @v_scroll.command proc{|*args| @lbox_list.each{|lbox| lbox.yview *args} }
+#    @v_scroll.command proc{|*args| @lbox_list.each{|lbox| lbox.yview *args} }
+    @v_scroll.command proc{|*args| p "";p [@lbox_list, args]; @lbox_list.each{|lbox| lbox.yview *args} }
+#    @v_scroll.command proc{|*args| p "";p [@lbox_list, args]; @lbox_list.each{|lbox| lbox.yview *args}; p [@lbox_list, args] }
 
     # binding for listboxes
     @mode = {}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tktextframe.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tktextframe.rb
index 78efdf097..5d16f2b0b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tktextframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tktextframe.rb
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ class TkTextFrame < TkText
   # vertical scrollbar : ON/OFF
   def vscroll(mode)
     st = TkGrid.info(@v_scroll)
-    if mode && st == [] then
+    if mode && st.size == 0 then
       @v_scroll.grid('row'=>0, 'column'=>1, 'sticky'=>'ns')
-    elsif !mode && st != [] then
+    elsif !mode && st.size != 0 then
       @v_scroll.ungrid
     end
     self
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ class TkTextFrame < TkText
   # horizontal scrollbar : ON/OFF
   def hscroll(mode, wrap_mode="char")
     st = TkGrid.info(@h_scroll)
-    if mode && st == [] then
+    if mode && st.size == 0 then
       @h_scroll.grid('row'=>1, 'column'=>0, 'sticky'=>'ew')
       wrap 'none'  # => self.wrap('none')
-    elsif !mode && st != [] then
+    elsif !mode && st.size != 0 then
       @h_scroll.ungrid
       wrap wrap_mode  # => self.wrap(wrap_mode)
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/tkutil.c b/ext/tk/tkutil.c
index b42069e23..cacc2622f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/tkutil.c
+++ b/ext/tk/tkutil.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /************************************************
 
-  tk.c -
+  tkutil.c -
 
   $Author$
   $Date$
@@ -9,37 +9,1176 @@
 ************************************************/
 
 #include "ruby.h"
+#include "st.h"
+
+static VALUE cMethod;
+
+static VALUE cTclTkLib;
+
+static VALUE cTkObject;
+static VALUE cTkCallbackEntry;
+
+static VALUE TK_None;
+
+static VALUE cCB_SUBST;
+static VALUE cSUBST_INFO;
+
+static ID ID_split_tklist;
+static ID ID_toUTF8;
+static ID ID_fromUTF8;
+static ID ID_path;
+static ID ID_to_eval;
+static ID ID_to_s;
+static ID ID_install_cmd;
+static ID ID_merge_tklist;
+static ID ID_call;
+
+static ID ID_SUBST_INFO;
+
+static VALUE CALLBACK_TABLE;
+static unsigned long CALLBACK_ID_NUM = 0;
+
+/*************************************/
+
+static VALUE
+tk_s_new(argc, argv, klass)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE klass;
+{
+    VALUE obj = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
+
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) rb_obj_instance_eval(0, 0, obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*************************************/
 
 static VALUE
-tk_eval_cmd(argc, argv)
+tkNone_to_s(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_str_new2("None");
+}
+
+/*************************************/
+
+static VALUE
+tk_eval_cmd(argc, argv, self)
     int argc;
     VALUE argv[];
+    VALUE self;
 {
-    VALUE cmd, rest;
+    volatile VALUE cmd, rest, arg;
+    volatile VALUE ret;
+    int status;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &cmd, &rest);
     return rb_eval_cmd(cmd, rest, 0);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-tk_s_new(argc, argv, klass)
-    int argc;
+tk_do_callback(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
     VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE klass;
+    VALUE self;
 {
-    VALUE obj = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
+#if 0
+    volatile VALUE id;
+    volatile VALUE rest;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &id, &rest);
+    return rb_apply(rb_hash_aref(CALLBACK_TABLE, id), ID_call, rest);
+#endif
+    return rb_funcall2(rb_hash_aref(CALLBACK_TABLE, argv[0]), 
+		       ID_call, argc - 1, argv + 1);
+}
+
+static char *cmd_id_head = "ruby_cmd TkUtil callback ";
+static char *cmd_id_prefix = "cmd";
+
+static VALUE
+tk_install_cmd_core(cmd)
+    VALUE cmd;
+{
+    volatile VALUE id_num;
+
+    id_num = ULONG2NUM(CALLBACK_ID_NUM++);
+    id_num = rb_funcall(id_num, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+    id_num = rb_str_append(rb_str_new2(cmd_id_prefix), id_num);
+    rb_hash_aset(CALLBACK_TABLE, id_num, cmd);
+    return rb_str_append(rb_str_new2(cmd_id_head), id_num);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_install_cmd(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    volatile VALUE cmd;
+
+#if 0
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &cmd) == 0) {
+	cmd = rb_block_proc();
+    }
+    return tk_install_cmd_core(cmd);
+#endif
+    if (argc == 0) {
+	cmd = rb_block_proc();
+    } else {
+	cmd = argv[0];
+    }
+    return tk_install_cmd_core(cmd);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_uninstall_cmd(self, cmd_id)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE cmd_id;
+{
+    int head_len = strlen(cmd_id_head);
+    int prefix_len = strlen(cmd_id_prefix);
+
+    StringValue(cmd_id);
+    if (strncmp(cmd_id_head, RSTRING(cmd_id)->ptr, head_len) != 0) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+    if (strncmp(cmd_id_prefix, 
+		RSTRING(cmd_id)->ptr + head_len, prefix_len) != 0) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    return rb_hash_delete(CALLBACK_TABLE, 
+			  rb_str_new2(RSTRING(cmd_id)->ptr + head_len));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_toUTF8(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_funcall2(cTclTkLib, ID_toUTF8, argc, argv);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_fromUTF8(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_funcall2(cTclTkLib, ID_fromUTF8, argc, argv);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fromDefaultEnc_toUTF8(str, self)
+    VALUE str;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    VALUE argv[1];
+
+    argv[0] = str;
+    return tk_toUTF8(1, argv, self);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fromUTF8_toDefaultEnc(str, self)
+    VALUE str;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    VALUE argv[1];
+
+    argv[0] = str;
+    return tk_fromUTF8(1, argv, self);
+}
+
+
+static int
+to_strkey(key, value, hash)
+    VALUE key;
+    VALUE value;
+    VALUE hash;
+{
+    if (key == Qundef) return ST_CONTINUE;
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_funcall(key, ID_to_s, 0, 0), value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_symbolkey2str(self, keys)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE keys;
+{
+    volatile VALUE new_keys = rb_hash_new();
+
+    st_foreach(RHASH(keys)->tbl, to_strkey, new_keys);
+    return new_keys;
+}
+
+static VALUE get_eval_string_core _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE));
+static VALUE ary2list _((VALUE, VALUE));
+static VALUE hash2list _((VALUE, VALUE));
+
+static VALUE
+ary2list(ary, self)
+    VALUE ary;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    int idx, size;
+    volatile VALUE val;
+    volatile VALUE dst;
+
+    size = RARRAY(ary)->len;
+    dst = rb_ary_new2(size);
+    RARRAY(dst)->len = 0;
+    for(idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
+	val = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[idx];
+	switch(TYPE(val)) {
+	case T_ARRAY:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = ary2list(val, self);
+	    break;
+
+	case T_HASH:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = hash2list(val, self);
+	    break;
+
+	default:
+	    if (val != TK_None) {
+		RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		    = get_eval_string_core(val, Qnil, self);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return rb_apply(cTclTkLib, ID_merge_tklist, dst);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+key2keyname(key)
+    VALUE key;
+{
+    return rb_str_append(rb_str_new2("-"), rb_funcall(key, ID_to_s, 0, 0));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+assoc2kv(assoc, ary, self)
+    VALUE assoc;
+    VALUE ary;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    int i, j, len;
+    volatile VALUE pair;
+    volatile VALUE val;
+    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(2 * RARRAY(assoc)->len);
+
+    len = RARRAY(assoc)->len;
+
+    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	pair = RARRAY(assoc)->ptr[i];
+	if (TYPE(pair) != T_ARRAY) {
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = key2keyname(pair);
+	    continue;
+	}
+	switch(RARRAY(assoc)->len) {
+	case 2:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = RARRAY(pair)->ptr[2];
+
+	case 1:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= key2keyname(RARRAY(pair)->ptr[0]);
+
+	case 0:
+	    continue;
+
+	default:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= key2keyname(RARRAY(pair)->ptr[0]);
+
+	    val = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY(pair)->len - 1);
+	    RARRAY(val)->len = 0;
+	    for(j = 1; j < RARRAY(pair)->len; j++) {
+		RARRAY(val)->ptr[RARRAY(val)->len++] = RARRAY(pair)->ptr[j];
+	    }
+
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = val;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (NIL_P(ary)) {
+	return dst;
+    } else {
+	return rb_ary_plus(ary, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+assoc2kv_enc(assoc, ary, self)
+    VALUE assoc;
+    VALUE ary;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    int i, j, len;
+    volatile VALUE pair;
+    volatile VALUE val;
+    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(2 * RARRAY(assoc)->len);
+
+    len = RARRAY(assoc)->len;
+
+    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	pair = RARRAY(assoc)->ptr[i];
+	if (TYPE(pair) != T_ARRAY) {
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = key2keyname(pair);
+	    continue;
+	}
+	switch(RARRAY(assoc)->len) {
+	case 2:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= get_eval_string_core(RARRAY(pair)->ptr[2], Qtrue, self);
+
+	case 1:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= key2keyname(RARRAY(pair)->ptr[0]);
+
+	case 0:
+	    continue;
+
+	default:
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= key2keyname(RARRAY(pair)->ptr[0]);
+
+	    val = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY(pair)->len - 1);
+	    RARRAY(val)->len = 0;
+	    for(j = 1; j < RARRAY(pair)->len; j++) {
+		RARRAY(val)->ptr[RARRAY(val)->len++] = RARRAY(pair)->ptr[j];
+	    }
+
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= get_eval_string_core(val, Qtrue, self);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (NIL_P(ary)) {
+	return dst;
+    } else {
+	return rb_ary_plus(ary, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+push_kv(key, val, ary)
+    VALUE key;
+    VALUE val;
+    VALUE ary;
+{
+    if (key == Qundef) return ST_CONTINUE;
+#if 0
+    rb_ary_push(ary, key2keyname(key));
+    if (val != TK_None) rb_ary_push(ary, val);
+#endif
+    RARRAY(ary)->ptr[RARRAY(ary)->len++] = key2keyname(key);
+    if (val != TK_None) RARRAY(ary)->ptr[RARRAY(ary)->len++] = val;
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+hash2kv(hash, ary, self)
+    VALUE hash;
+    VALUE ary;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(2 * RHASH(hash)->tbl->num_entries);
+
+    RARRAY(dst)->len = 0;
+
+    st_foreach(RHASH(hash)->tbl, push_kv, dst);
+
+    if (NIL_P(ary)) {
+	return dst;
+    } else {
+	return rb_ary_plus(ary, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+push_kv_enc(key, val, args)
+    VALUE key;
+    VALUE val;
+    VALUE args;
+{
+    volatile VALUE ary = RARRAY(args)->ptr[0];
+
+    if (key == Qundef) return ST_CONTINUE;
+#if 0
+    rb_ary_push(ary, key2keyname(key));
+    if (val != TK_None) {
+	rb_ary_push(ary, get_eval_string_core(val, Qtrue, 
+					      RARRAY(args)->ptr[1]));
+    }
+#endif
+    RARRAY(ary)->ptr[RARRAY(ary)->len++] = key2keyname(key);
+
+    if (val == TK_None) return ST_CONTINUE;
+
+    RARRAY(ary)->ptr[RARRAY(ary)->len++] 
+	= get_eval_string_core(val, Qtrue, RARRAY(args)->ptr[1]);
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+hash2kv_enc(hash, ary, self)
+    VALUE hash;
+    VALUE ary;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    volatile VALUE args = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(2 * RHASH(hash)->tbl->num_entries);
+
+    RARRAY(dst)->len = 0;
+
+    RARRAY(args)->ptr[0] = dst;
+    RARRAY(args)->ptr[1] = self;
+    RARRAY(args)->len = 2;
+    st_foreach(RHASH(hash)->tbl, push_kv_enc, args);
+
+    if (NIL_P(ary)) {
+	return dst;
+    } else {
+	return rb_ary_plus(ary, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+hash2list(hash, self)
+    VALUE hash;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return ary2list(hash2kv(hash, Qnil, self), self);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+hash2list_enc(hash, self)
+    VALUE hash;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return ary2list(hash2kv_enc(hash, Qnil, self), self);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_hash_kv(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    volatile VALUE hash, enc_flag, ary;
+
+    ary = Qnil;
+    enc_flag = Qnil;
+    switch(argc) {
+    case 3:
+	ary = argv[2];
+    case 2:
+	enc_flag = argv[1];
+    case 1:
+	hash = argv[0];
+	break;
+    case 0:
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments");
+    default: /* >= 3 */
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments");
+    }
+
+    switch(TYPE(hash)) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+	if (RTEST(enc_flag)) {
+	    return assoc2kv_enc(hash, ary, self);
+	} else {
+	    return assoc2kv(hash, ary, self);
+	}
+
+    case T_HASH:
+	if (RTEST(enc_flag)) {
+	    return hash2kv_enc(hash, ary, self);
+	} else {
+	    return hash2kv(hash, ary, self);
+	}
+
+    case T_NIL:
+	if (NIL_P(ary)) {
+	    return rb_ary_new();
+	} else {
+	    return ary;
+	}
+
+    default:
+	if (hash == TK_None) {
+	    if (NIL_P(ary)) {
+		return rb_ary_new();
+	    } else {
+		return ary;
+	    }
+	}
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Hash is expected for 1st argument");
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+get_eval_string_core(obj, enc_flag, self)
+    VALUE obj;
+    VALUE enc_flag;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    switch(TYPE(obj)) {
+    case T_FLOAT:
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+    case T_BIGNUM:
+	return rb_funcall(obj, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+
+    case T_STRING:
+	if (RTEST(enc_flag)) {
+	    if (rb_respond_to(self, ID_toUTF8)) {
+		return rb_funcall(self, ID_toUTF8, 1, obj);
+	    } else {
+		return fromDefaultEnc_toUTF8(obj, self);
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    return obj;
+	}
+
+    case T_SYMBOL:
+	if (RTEST(enc_flag)) {
+	    if (rb_respond_to(self, ID_toUTF8)) {
+		return rb_funcall(self, ID_toUTF8, 1, 
+				  rb_str_new2(rb_id2name(SYM2ID(obj))));
+	    } else {
+		return fromDefaultEnc_toUTF8(rb_str_new2(rb_id2name(SYM2ID(obj))), self);
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    return rb_str_new2(rb_id2name(SYM2ID(obj)));
+	}
+
+    case T_HASH:
+	if (RTEST(enc_flag)) {
+	    return hash2list_enc(obj, self);
+	} else {
+	    return hash2list(obj, self);
+	}
+
+    case T_ARRAY:
+	if (RTEST(enc_flag)) {
+	    return fromDefaultEnc_toUTF8(ary2list(obj, self), self);
+	} else {
+	    return ary2list(obj, self);
+	}
+
+    case T_FALSE:
+	return rb_str_new2("0");
+
+    case T_TRUE:
+	return rb_str_new2("1");
+
+    case T_NIL:
+	return rb_str_new2("");
+
+    default:
+	if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cTkObject)) {
+	    /* return rb_str_new3(rb_funcall(obj, ID_path, 0, 0)); */
+	    return get_eval_string_core(rb_funcall(obj, ID_path, 0, 0), 
+					enc_flag, self);
+	}
+
+	if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, rb_cProc)
+	    || rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cMethod)
+	    || rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cTkCallbackEntry)) {
+	    if (rb_respond_to(self, ID_install_cmd)) {
+		return rb_funcall(self, ID_install_cmd, 1, obj);
+	    } else {
+		return tk_install_cmd(obj);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (obj == TK_None)  return Qnil;
+
+	if (rb_respond_to(obj, ID_to_eval)) {
+	    /* return rb_funcall(obj, ID_to_eval, 0, 0); */
+	    return get_eval_string_core(rb_funcall(obj, ID_to_eval, 0, 0), 
+					enc_flag, self);
+	} else if (rb_respond_to(obj, ID_path)) {
+	    /* return rb_funcall(obj, ID_path, 0, 0); */
+	    return get_eval_string_core(rb_funcall(obj, ID_path, 0, 0), 
+					enc_flag, self);
+	} else if (rb_respond_to(obj, ID_to_s)) {
+	    return rb_funcall(obj, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+	}
+    }
+
+    rb_warning("fail to convert '%s' to string for Tk", 
+	       RSTRING(rb_funcall(obj, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, 0))->ptr);
 
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) rb_obj_instance_eval(0, 0, obj);
     return obj;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+tk_get_eval_string(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    volatile VALUE obj, enc_flag;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &obj, &enc_flag) == 1) {
+	enc_flag = Qnil;
+    }
+
+    return get_eval_string_core(obj, enc_flag, self);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_get_eval_enc_str(self, obj)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    if (obj == TK_None) {
+	return obj;
+    } else {
+	return get_eval_string_core(obj, Qtrue, self);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tk_conv_args(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    int idx;
+    volatile VALUE dst;
+    volatile VALUE head, enc_flag, rest;
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments");
+    }
+    dst = rb_ary_new2(argc - 2);
+    RARRAY(dst)->len = 0;
+    for(idx = 2; idx < argc; idx++) {
+	if (argv[idx] != TK_None) {
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= get_eval_string_core(argv[idx], argv[1], self);
+	}
+    }
+
+    return rb_ary_plus(argv[0], dst);
+}
+
+
+/*************************************/
+
+static VALUE
+tcl2rb_bool(self, value)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    if (TYPE(value) == T_FIXNUM) {
+	if (NUM2INT(value) == 0) {
+	    return Qfalse;
+	} else {
+	    return Qtrue;
+	}
+    }
+
+    rb_check_type(value, T_STRING);
+
+    if (RSTRING(value)->ptr[0] == '\0'
+	|| strcmp(RSTRING(value)->ptr, "0") == 0
+	|| strcmp(RSTRING(value)->ptr, "no") == 0
+	|| strcmp(RSTRING(value)->ptr, "false") == 0) {
+	return Qfalse;
+    } else {
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_to_dec(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return rb_cstr_to_inum(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 10, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_to_int(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return rb_cstr_to_inum(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 0, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_to_float(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return rb_float_new(rb_cstr_to_dbl(RSTRING(value)->ptr, 1));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_invalid_numstr(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "invalid value for Number: '%s'", RSTRING(value)->ptr);
+    return Qnil; /*dummy*/
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_rescue_float(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return rb_rescue2(tkstr_to_float, value, 
+		      tkstr_invalid_numstr, value, 
+		      rb_eArgError, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_to_number(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    rb_check_type(value, T_STRING);
+
+    return rb_rescue2(tkstr_to_int, value, 
+		      tkstr_rescue_float, value, 
+		      rb_eArgError, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tcl2rb_number(self, value)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    return tkstr_to_number(value);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tkstr_to_str(value)
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    char * ptr;
+    int len;
+
+    ptr = RSTRING(value)->ptr;
+    len = RSTRING(value)->len;
+
+    if (len > 1 && *ptr == '{' && *(ptr + len - 1) == '}') {
+	return rb_str_new(ptr + 1, len - 2);
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tcl2rb_string(self, value)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    rb_check_type(value, T_STRING);
+
+    return tkstr_to_str(value);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+tcl2rb_num_or_str(self, value)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE value;
+{
+    rb_check_type(value, T_STRING);
+
+    return rb_rescue2(tkstr_to_number, value, 
+		      tkstr_to_str, value, 
+		      rb_eArgError, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*************************************/
+
+struct cbsubst_info {
+    int   size;
+    char  *key;
+    char  *type;
+    ID    *ivar;
+    VALUE proc;
+};
+
+static void
+subst_mark(ptr)
+    struct cbsubst_info *ptr;
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(ptr->proc);
+}
+
+static void
+subst_free(ptr)
+    struct cbsubst_info *ptr;
+{
+    if (ptr) {
+	if (ptr->key != (char*)NULL) free(ptr->key);
+	if (ptr->type != (char*)NULL) free(ptr->type);
+	if (ptr->ivar != (ID*)NULL) free(ptr->ivar);
+	free(ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+cbsubst_init()
+{
+    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
+    ID *ivar;
+    volatile VALUE proc;
+
+    inf = ALLOC(struct cbsubst_info);
+
+    inf->size = 0;
+
+    inf->key = ALLOC_N(char, 1);
+    inf->key = ALLOC_N(char, 1);
+    inf->key[0] = '\0';
+
+    inf->type = ALLOC_N(char, 1);
+    inf->type[0] = '\0';
+
+    ivar = ALLOC_N(ID, 1);
+    inf->ivar = ivar;
+
+    proc = rb_hash_new();
+    inf->proc = proc;
+
+    rb_const_set(cCB_SUBST, ID_SUBST_INFO, 
+		 Data_Wrap_Struct(cSUBST_INFO, subst_mark, subst_free, inf));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cbsubst_initialize(argc, argv, self)
+    int   argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
+    volatile VALUE proc;
+    int idx;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(rb_obj_class(self), ID_SUBST_INFO), 
+		    struct cbsubst_info, inf);
+
+    for(idx = 0; idx < argc; idx++) {
+	rb_ivar_set(self, inf->ivar[idx], argv[idx]);
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cbsubst_get_subst_key(self, str)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE str;
+{
+    volatile VALUE list;
+    volatile VALUE ret;
+    int i, len;
+    char *buf, *ptr;
+
+    list = rb_funcall(cTclTkLib, ID_split_tklist, 1, str);
+
+    len = RARRAY(list)->len;
+    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+
+    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	ptr = RSTRING(RARRAY(list)->ptr[i])->ptr;
+	if (*ptr == '%' && *(ptr + 2) == '\0') {
+	    *(buf + i) = *(ptr + 1);
+	} else {
+	    *(buf + i) = ' ';
+	}
+    }
+    *(buf + len) = '\0';
+
+    ret = rb_str_new2(buf);
+    free(buf);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cbsubst_get_all_subst_keys(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
+    char *buf, *ptr;
+    int i, len;
+    volatile VALUE ret;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
+		    struct cbsubst_info, inf);
+
+    len = strlen(inf->key);
+    buf = ALLOC_N(char, 3*len);
+    ptr = buf;
+    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	*(ptr++) = '%';
+	*(ptr++) = *(inf->key + i);
+	*(ptr++) = ' ';
+    }
+    *(buf + 3*len) = '\0';
+
+    ret = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_str_new2(inf->key), rb_str_new2(buf));
+
+    free(buf);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cbsubst_table_setup(self, key_inf, proc_inf)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE key_inf;
+    VALUE proc_inf;
+{
+    struct cbsubst_info *subst_inf;
+    int idx;
+    int len = RARRAY(key_inf)->len;
+    char *key = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+    char *type = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+    ID *ivar = ALLOC_N(ID, len + 1);
+    volatile VALUE proc = rb_hash_new();
+    volatile VALUE inf;
+
+    /* init */
+    subst_inf = ALLOC(struct cbsubst_info);
+    subst_inf->size = len;
+    subst_inf->key  = key;
+    subst_inf->type = type;
+    subst_inf->ivar = ivar;
+    subst_inf->proc = proc;
+
+    /*
+     * keys : array of [subst, type, ivar]
+     *         subst ==> char code 
+     *         type  ==> char code 
+     *         ivar  ==> symbol
+     */
+    for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
+	inf = RARRAY(key_inf)->ptr[idx];
+	if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
+	*(key  + idx) = (char)NUM2INT(RARRAY(inf)->ptr[0]);
+	*(type + idx) = (char)NUM2INT(RARRAY(inf)->ptr[1]);
+
+	*(ivar + idx) 
+	    = rb_intern(
+		RSTRING(
+		  rb_str_cat2(rb_str_new2("@"), 
+			      rb_id2name(SYM2ID(RARRAY(inf)->ptr[2])))
+		)->ptr
+	      );
+
+	rb_attr(self, SYM2ID(RARRAY(inf)->ptr[2]), 1, 0, Qtrue);
+    }
+    *(key + len) = '\0';
+    *(type + len) = '\0';
+
+    /*
+     * procs : array of [type, proc]
+     *         type  ==> char code 
+     *         proc  ==> proc/method/obj (must respond to 'call')
+     */
+    len = RARRAY(proc_inf)->len;
+    for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
+	inf = RARRAY(proc_inf)->ptr[idx];
+	if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
+	rb_hash_aset(proc, RARRAY(inf)->ptr[0], RARRAY(inf)->ptr[1]);
+    }
+
+    rb_const_set(self, ID_SUBST_INFO, 
+		 Data_Wrap_Struct(cSUBST_INFO, subst_mark, 
+				  subst_free, subst_inf));
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cbsubst_scan_args(self, arg_key, val_ary)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE arg_key;
+    VALUE val_ary;
+{
+    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
+    int idx;
+    int len = RARRAY(val_ary)->len;
+    char c;
+    char *ptr;
+    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(len);
+    volatile VALUE proc;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
+		    struct cbsubst_info, inf);
+
+    RARRAY(dst)->len = 0;
+    for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
+	if (idx >= RSTRING(arg_key)->len) {
+	    proc = Qnil;
+	} else if (*(RSTRING(arg_key)->ptr + idx) == ' ') {
+	    proc = Qnil;
+	} else {
+	  ptr = strchr(inf->key, *(RSTRING(arg_key)->ptr + idx));
+	  if (ptr == (char*)NULL) {
+	    proc = Qnil;
+	  } else {
+	    c = *(inf->type + (ptr - inf->key));
+	    proc = rb_hash_aref(inf->proc, INT2FIX(c));
+	  }
+	}
+
+	if (NIL_P(proc)) {
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] = RARRAY(val_ary)->ptr[idx];
+	} else {
+	    RARRAY(dst)->ptr[RARRAY(dst)->len++] 
+		= rb_funcall(proc, ID_call, 1, RARRAY(val_ary)->ptr[idx]);
+	}
+    }
+
+    return dst;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cbsubst_inspect(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_str_new2("CallbackSubst");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+substinfo_inspect(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_str_new2("SubstInfo");
+}
+
+/*************************************/
+
+static VALUE
+tk_cbe_inspect(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_str_new2("TkCallbackEntry");
+}
+
+/*************************************/
+
+static VALUE
+tkobj_path(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_ivar_get(self, ID_path);
+}
+
+/*************************************/
+
 void
 Init_tkutil()
 {
-    VALUE mTK = rb_define_module("TkUtil");
+    volatile VALUE tmp;
+
     VALUE cTK = rb_define_class("TkKernel", rb_cObject);
+    VALUE mTK = rb_define_module("TkUtil");
 
-    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "eval_cmd", tk_eval_cmd, -1);
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_global_variable(&cMethod);
+    cMethod = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Method"));
+
+    ID_path = rb_intern("path");
+    ID_to_eval = rb_intern("to_eval");
+    ID_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
+    ID_install_cmd = rb_intern("install_cmd");
+    ID_merge_tklist = rb_intern("_merge_tklist");
+    ID_call = rb_intern("call");
+
+    /* --------------------- */
+    cCB_SUBST = rb_define_class_under(mTK, "CallbackSubst", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "inspect", cbsubst_inspect, 0);
+
+    cSUBST_INFO = rb_define_class_under(cCB_SUBST, "Info", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cSUBST_INFO, "inspect", substinfo_inspect, 0);
+
+    ID_SUBST_INFO = rb_intern("SUBST_INFO");
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "scan_args", cbsubst_scan_args, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_get_subst_key", 
+			       cbsubst_get_subst_key,  1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_get_all_subst_keys", 
+			       cbsubst_get_all_subst_keys,  0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_setup_subst_table", 
+			       cbsubst_table_setup, 2);
+
+    rb_define_method(cCB_SUBST, "initialize", cbsubst_initialize, -1);
+
+    cbsubst_init();
+
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_global_variable(&cTkCallbackEntry);
+    cTkCallbackEntry = rb_define_class("TkCallbackEntry", cTK);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cTkCallbackEntry, "inspect", tk_cbe_inspect, 0);
 
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_global_variable(&cTkObject);
+    cTkObject = rb_define_class("TkObject", cTK);
+    rb_define_method(cTkObject, "path", tkobj_path, 0);
+
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_require("tcltklib");
+    rb_global_variable(&cTclTkLib);
+    cTclTkLib = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("TclTkLib"));
+    ID_split_tklist = rb_intern("_split_tklist");
+    ID_toUTF8 = rb_intern("_toUTF8");
+    ID_fromUTF8 = rb_intern("_fromUTF8");
+
+    /* --------------------- */
     rb_define_singleton_method(cTK, "new", tk_s_new, -1);
+
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_global_variable(&TK_None);
+    TK_None = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_const(mTK, "None", TK_None);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(TK_None, "to_s", tkNone_to_s, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(TK_None, "inspect", tkNone_to_s, 0);
+    OBJ_FREEZE(TK_None);
+
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_global_variable(&CALLBACK_TABLE);
+    CALLBACK_TABLE = rb_hash_new();
+
+    /* --------------------- */
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "eval_cmd", tk_eval_cmd, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "callback", tk_do_callback, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "install_cmd", tk_install_cmd, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "uninstall_cmd", tk_uninstall_cmd, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "_symbolkey2str", tk_symbolkey2str, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "hash_kv", tk_hash_kv, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "_get_eval_string", 
+			       tk_get_eval_string, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "_get_eval_enc_str", 
+			       tk_get_eval_enc_str, 1);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "bool", tcl2rb_bool, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "number", tcl2rb_number, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "string", tcl2rb_string, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mTK, "num_or_str", tcl2rb_num_or_str, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "_toUTF8", tk_toUTF8, -1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "_fromUTF8", tk_fromUTF8, -1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "_symbolkey2str", tk_symbolkey2str, 1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "hash_kv", tk_hash_kv, -1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "_get_eval_string", tk_get_eval_string, -1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "_get_eval_enc_str", tk_get_eval_enc_str, 1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "_conv_args", tk_conv_args, -1);
+
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "bool", tcl2rb_bool, 1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "number", tcl2rb_number, 1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "string", tcl2rb_string, 1);
+    rb_define_method(mTK, "num_or_str", tcl2rb_num_or_str, 1);
+
+    /* --------------------- */
 }