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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU)
Overview:
The Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU) allows to download and upload firmware
to/from U-Boot connected over USB.
U-boot follows the Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for
Device Firmware Upgrade Version 1.1 the USB forum (DFU v1.1 in www.usb.org).
U-Boot implements this DFU capability (CONFIG_DFU) with the command dfu
(cmd/dfu.c / CONFIG_CMD_DFU) based on:
- the DFU stack (common/dfu.c and common/spl/spl_dfu.c), based on the
USB DFU download gadget (drivers/usb/gadget/f_dfu.c)
- The access to mediums is done in DFU backends (driver/dfu)
Today the supported DFU backends are:
- MMC (RAW or FAT / EXT2 / EXT3 / EXT4 file system)
- NAND
- RAM
- SF (serial flash)
- MTD (all MTD device: NAND, SPI-NOR, SPI-NAND,...)
- virtual
These DFU backends are also used by
- the dfutftp (see README.dfutftp)
- the thordown command (cmd/thordown.c and gadget/f_thor.c)
The "virtual" backend is a generic DFU backend to support a board specific
target (for example OTP), only based on the weak functions:
- dfu_write_medium_virt
- dfu_get_medium_size_virt
- dfu_read_medium_virt
Configuration Options:
CONFIG_DFU
CONFIG_DFU_OVER_USB
CONFIG_DFU_MMC
CONFIG_DFU_MTD
CONFIG_DFU_NAND
CONFIG_DFU_RAM
CONFIG_DFU_SF
CONFIG_DFU_SF_PART
CONFIG_DFU_TIMEOUT
CONFIG_DFU_VIRTUAL
CONFIG_CMD_DFU
Environment variables:
the dfu command uses 3 environments variables:
"dfu_alt_info" : the DFU setting for the USB download gadget with a semicolon
separated string of information on each alternate:
dfu_alt_info="<alt1>;<alt2>;....;<altN>"
when several devices are used, the format is:
- <interface> <dev>'='alternate list (';' separated)
- each interface is separated by '&'
dfu_alt_info=\
"<interface1> <dev1>=<alt1>;....;<altN>&"\
"<interface2> <dev2>=<altN+1>;....;<altM>&"\
...\
"<interfaceI> <devI>=<altY+1>;....;<altZ>&"
"dfu_bufsiz" : size of the DFU buffer, when absent, use
CONFIG_SYS_DFU_DATA_BUF_SIZE (8 MiB by default)
"dfu_hash_algo" : name of the hash algorithm to use
Commands:
dfu <USB_controller> [<interface> <dev>] list
list the alternate device defined in "dfu_alt_info"
dfu <USB_controller> [<interface> <dev>] [<timeout>]
start the dfu stack on the USB instance with the selected medium
backend and use the "dfu_alt_info" variable to configure the
alternate setting and link each one with the medium
The dfu command continue until receive a ^C in console or
a DFU detach transaction from HOST. If CONFIG_DFU_TIMEOUT option
is enabled and <timeout> parameter is present in the command line,
the DFU operation will be aborted automatically after <timeout>
seconds of waiting remote to initiate DFU session.
The possible values of <interface> are :
(with <USB controller> = 0 in the dfu command example)
"mmc" (for eMMC and SD card)
cmd: dfu 0 mmc <dev>
each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
<name> raw <offset> <size> [mmcpart <num>] raw access to mmc device
<name> part <dev> <part_id> [mmcpart <num>] raw access to partition
<name> fat <dev> <part_id> [mmcpart <num>] file in FAT partition
<name> ext4 <dev> <part_id> [mmcpart <num>] file in EXT4 partition
with <partid> being the GPT or DOS partition index,
with <num> being the eMMC hardware partition number.
A value of environment variable dfu_alt_info for eMMC could be:
"u-boot raw 0x3e 0x800 mmcpart 1;bl2 raw 0x1e 0x1d mmcpart 1"
A value of environment variable dfu_alt_info for SD card could be:
"u-boot raw 0x80 0x800;uImage ext4 0 2"
"nand" (raw slc nand device)
cmd: dfu 0 nand <dev>
each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
<name> raw <offset> <size> raw access to mmc device
<name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition
<name> partubi <dev> <part_id> raw acces to ubi partition
with <partid> is the MTD partition index
"ram"
cmd: dfu 0 ram <dev>
(<dev> is not used for RAM target)
each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
<name> ram <offset> <size> raw access to ram
"sf" (serial flash : NOR)
cmd: dfu 0 sf <dev>
each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
<name> ram <offset> <size> raw access to sf device
<name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition
<name> partubi <dev> <part_id> raw acces to ubi partition
with <partid> is the MTD partition index
"mtd" (all MTD device: NAND, SPI-NOR, SPI-NAND,...)
cmd: dfu 0 mtd <dev>
with <dev> the mtd identifier as defined in mtd command
(nand0, nor0, spi-nand0,...)
each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
<name> raw <offset> <size> raw access to mtd device
<name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition
<name> partubi <dev> <part_id> raw acces to ubi partition
with <partid> is the MTD partition index
"virt"
cmd: dfu 0 virt <dev>
each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
<name>
<interface> and <dev> are absent:
the dfu command to use multiple devices
cmd: dfu 0 list
cmd: dfu 0
"dfu_alt_info" variable provides the list of <interface> <dev> with
alternate list separated by '&' with the same format for each <alt>
mmc <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
nand <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
ram <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
sf <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
mtd <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
virt <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
Callbacks:
The weak callback functions can be implemented to manage specific behavior
- dfu_initiated_callback : called when the DFU transaction is started,
used to initiase the device
- dfu_flush_callback : called at the end of the DFU write after DFU
manifestation, used to manage the device when
DFU transaction is closed
Host tools:
When U-Boot runs the dfu stack, the DFU host tools can be used
to send/receive firmwares on each configurated alternate.
For example dfu-util is a host side implementation of the DFU 1.1
specifications(http://dfu-util.sourceforge.net/) which works with U-Boot.
Usage:
Example 1: firmware located in eMMC or SD card, with:
- alternate 1 (alt=1) for SPL partition (GPT partition 1)
- alternate 2 (alt=2) for U-Boot partition (GPT partition 2)
The U-Boot configuration is:
U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info "spl part 0 1;u-boot part 0 2"
U-Boot> dfu 0 mmc 0 list
DFU alt settings list:
dev: eMMC alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: eMMC alt: 1 name: u-boot layout: RAW_ADDR
Boot> dfu 0 mmc 0
On the Host side:
list the available alternate setting:
$> dfu-util -l
dfu-util 0.9
Copyright 2005-2009 Weston Schmidt, Harald Welte and OpenMoko Inc.
Copyright 2010-2016 Tormod Volden and Stefan Schmidt
This program is Free Software and has ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
Please report bugs to http://sourceforge.net/p/dfu-util/tickets/
Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=0200, devnum=45, cfg=1, intf=0, path="3-1.3.1", \
alt=1, name="u-boot", serial="003A00203438510D36383238"
Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=0200, devnum=45, cfg=1, intf=0, path="3-1.3.1", \
alt=0, name="spl", serial="003A00203438510D36383238"
To download to U-Boot, use -D option
$> dfu-util -a 0 -D u-boot-spl.bin
$> dfu-util -a 1 -D u-boot.bin
To upload from U-Boot, use -U option
$> dfu-util -a 0 -U u-boot-spl.bin
$> dfu-util -a 1 -U u-boot.bin
To request a DFU detach and reset the USB connection:
$> dfu-util -a 0 -e -R
Example 2: firmware located in NOR (sf) and NAND, with:
- alternate 1 (alt=1) for SPL partition (NOR GPT partition 1)
- alternate 2 (alt=2) for U-Boot partition (NOR GPT partition 2)
- alternate 3 (alt=3) for U-Boot-env partition (NOR GPT partition 3)
- alternate 4 (alt=4) for UBI partition (NAND GPT partition 1)
U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \
"sf 0:0:10000000:0=spl part 0 1;u-boot part 0 2; \
u-boot-env part 0 3&nand 0=UBI partubi 0,1"
U-Boot> dfu 0 list
DFU alt settings list:
dev: SF alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: SF alt: 1 name: ssbl layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: SF alt: 2 name: u-boot-env layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: NAND alt: 3 name: UBI layout: RAW_ADDR
U-Boot> dfu 0
$> dfu-util -l
Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
intf=0, alt=3, name="UBI", serial="002700333338511934383330"
Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
intf=0, alt=2, name="u-boot-env", serial="002700333338511934383330"
Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
intf=0, alt=1, name="u-boot", serial="002700333338511934383330"
Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
intf=0, alt=0, name="spl", serial="002700333338511934383330"
Same example with MTD backend
U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \
"mtd nor0=spl part 1;u-boot part 2;u-boot-env part 3&"\
"mtd nand0=UBI partubi 1"
U-Boot> dfu 0 list
using id 'nor0,0'
using id 'nor0,1'
using id 'nor0,2'
using id 'nand0,0'
DFU alt settings list:
dev: MTD alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: MTD alt: 1 name: u-boot layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: MTD alt: 2 name: u-boot-env layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: MTD alt: 3 name: UBI layout: RAW_ADDR
Example 3: firmware located in SD Card (mmc) and virtual partition on
OTP and PMIC not volatile memory
- alternate 1 (alt=1) for scard
- alternate 2 (alt=2) for OTP (virtual)
- alternate 3 (alt=3) for PMIC NVM (virtual)
U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \
"mmc 0=sdcard raw 0 0x100000&"\
"virt 0=otp" \
"virt 1=pmic"
U-Boot> dfu 0 list
DFU alt settings list:
dev: eMMC alt: 0 name: sdcard layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: VIRT alt: 1 name: otp layout: RAW_ADDR
dev: VIRT alt: 2 name: pmic layout: RAW_ADDR
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