PXA: pxa-regs.h cleanup

Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>

13 files changed, 247 insertions, 220 deletions

diff --git a/board/colibri_pxa270/colibri_pxa270.c b/board/colibri_pxa270/colibri_pxa270.c
index 84ec38e4a2..8aa7067c73 100644
--- a/board/colibri_pxa270/colibri_pxa270.c
+++ b/board/colibri_pxa270/colibri_pxa270.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <common.h>
 #include <asm/arch/hardware.h>
 #include <netdev.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -65,28 +66,30 @@ int dram_init (void)
 #ifdef	CONFIG_CMD_USB
 int usb_board_init(void)
 {
-	UHCHR = (UHCHR | UHCHR_PCPL | UHCHR_PSPL) &
-		~(UHCHR_SSEP0 | UHCHR_SSEP1 | UHCHR_SSEP2 | UHCHR_SSE);
+	writel((readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_PCPL | UHCHR_PSPL) &
+		~(UHCHR_SSEP0 | UHCHR_SSEP1 | UHCHR_SSEP2 | UHCHR_SSE),
+		UHCHR);
 
-	UHCHR |= UHCHR_FSBIR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_FSBIR, UHCHR);
 
 	while (UHCHR & UHCHR_FSBIR);
 
-	UHCHR &= ~UHCHR_SSE;
-	UHCHIE = (UHCHIE_UPRIE | UHCHIE_RWIE);
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) & ~UHCHR_SSE, UHCHR);
+	writel((UHCHIE_UPRIE | UHCHIE_RWIE), UHCHIE);
 
 	/* Clear any OTG Pin Hold */
-	if (PSSR & PSSR_OTGPH)
-		PSSR |= PSSR_OTGPH;
+	if (readl(PSSR) & PSSR_OTGPH)
+		writel(readl(PSSR) | PSSR_OTGPH, PSSR);
 
-	UHCRHDA &= ~(0x200);
-	UHCRHDA |= 0x100;
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDA) & ~(0x200), UHCRHDA);
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDA) | 0x100, UHCRHDA);
 
 	/* Set port power control mask bits, only 3 ports. */
-	UHCRHDB |= (0x7<<17);
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDB) | (0x7<<17), UHCRHDB);
 
 	/* enable port 2 */
-	UP2OCR |= UP2OCR_HXOE | UP2OCR_HXS | UP2OCR_DMPDE | UP2OCR_DPPDE;
+	writel(readl(UP2OCR) | UP2OCR_HXOE | UP2OCR_HXS |
+		UP2OCR_DMPDE | UP2OCR_DPPDE, UP2OCR);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -98,14 +101,14 @@ void usb_board_init_fail(void)
 
 void usb_board_stop(void)
 {
-	UHCHR |= UHCHR_FHR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_FHR, UHCHR);
 	udelay(11);
-	UHCHR &= ~UHCHR_FHR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) & ~UHCHR_FHR, UHCHR);
 
-	UHCCOMS |= 1;
+	writel(readl(UHCCOMS) | 1, UHCCOMS);
 	udelay(10);
 
-	CKEN &= ~CKEN10_USBHOST;
+	writel(readl(CKEN) & ~CKEN10_USBHOST, CKEN);
 
 	return;
 }
diff --git a/board/cradle/cradle.c b/board/cradle/cradle.c
index 21eb6550db..c4a93f91b7 100644
--- a/board/cradle/cradle.c
+++ b/board/cradle/cradle.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
 #include <common.h>
 #include <netdev.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ set_led (int led, int color)
 	int shift = led * 2;
 	unsigned long mask = 0x3 << shift;
 
-	CRADLE_LED_CLR_REG = mask;	/* clear bits */
-	CRADLE_LED_SET_REG = (color << shift);	/* set bits */
+	writel(mask, GPCR2);	/* clear bits */
+	writel((color << shift), GPSR2);	/* set bits */
 	udelay (5000);
 }
 
diff --git a/board/cradle/lowlevel_init.S b/board/cradle/lowlevel_init.S
index 6b5cfb922b..39964b6475 100644
--- a/board/cradle/lowlevel_init.S
+++ b/board/cradle/lowlevel_init.S
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ DRAM_SIZE:  .long   CONFIG_SYS_DRAM_SIZE
    .endm
 
    .macro SET_LED val
-   ldr   r6, =CRADLE_LED_CLR_REG
+   ldr   r6, =GPCR2
    ldr   r7, =0
    str   r7, [r6]
-   ldr   r6, =CRADLE_LED_SET_REG
+   ldr   r6, =GPSR2
    ldr   r7, =\val
    str   r7, [r6]
    .endm
diff --git a/board/csb226/csb226.c b/board/csb226/csb226.c
index 0a6c13dd29..6eed9ad676 100644
--- a/board/csb226/csb226.c
+++ b/board/csb226/csb226.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <common.h>
 #include <netdev.h>
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -108,23 +109,23 @@ void csb226_set_led(int led, int state)
 	switch(led) {
 
 		case 0: if (state==1) {
-				GPCR0 |= CSB226_USER_LED0;
+				writel(readl(GPCR0) | CSB226_USER_LED0, GPCR0);
 			} else if (state==0) {
-				GPSR0 |= CSB226_USER_LED0;
+				writel(readl(GPSR0) | CSB226_USER_LED0, GPSR0);
 			}
 			break;
 
 		case 1: if (state==1) {
-				GPCR0 |= CSB226_USER_LED1;
+				writel(readl(GPCR0) | CSB226_USER_LED1, GPCR0);
 			} else if (state==0) {
-				GPSR0 |= CSB226_USER_LED1;
+				writel(readl(GPSR0) | CSB226_USER_LED1, GPSR0);
 			}
 			break;
 
 		case 2: if (state==1) {
-				GPCR0 |= CSB226_USER_LED2;
+				writel(readl(GPCR0) | CSB226_USER_LED2, GPCR0);
 			} else if (state==0) {
-				GPSR0 |= CSB226_USER_LED2;
+				writel(readl(GPSR0) | CSB226_USER_LED2, GPSR0);
 			}
 			break;
 	}
diff --git a/board/delta/delta.c b/board/delta/delta.c
index 68c39d23ce..df23076a64 100644
--- a/board/delta/delta.c
+++ b/board/delta/delta.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <command.h>
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ static uchar kbd_command_prefix[] = "key_cmd";
 static void get_pressed_keys(uchar *s)
 {
 	unsigned long val;
-	val = GPLR3;
+	val = readl(GPLR3);
 
 	if(val & (1<<31))
 		*s++ = KEYBD_KP_DKIN0;
@@ -124,18 +125,18 @@ static void get_pressed_keys(uchar *s)
 
 static void keys_init()
 {
-	CKENB |= CKENB_7_GPIO;
+	writel(readl(CKENB) | CKENB_7_GPIO, CKENB);
 	udelay(100);
 
 	/* Configure GPIOs */
-	GPIO127 = 0xa840;	/* KP_DKIN0 */
-	GPIO114 = 0xa840;	/* KP_DKIN1 */
-	GPIO125 = 0xa840;	/* KP_DKIN2 */
-	GPIO118 = 0xa840;	/* KP_DKIN5 */
+	writel(0xa840, GPIO127);	/* KP_DKIN0 */
+	writel(0xa840, GPIO114);	/* KP_DKIN1 */
+	writel(0xa840, GPIO125);	/* KP_DKIN2 */
+	writel(0xa840, GPIO118);	/* KP_DKIN5 */
 
 	/* Configure GPIOs as inputs */
-	GPDR3 &= ~(1<<31 | 1<<18 | 1<<29 | 1<<22);
-	GCDR3 = (1<<31 | 1<<18 | 1<<29 | 1<<22);
+	writel(readl(GPDR3) & ~(1<<31 | 1<<18 | 1<<29 | 1<<22), GPDR3);
+	writel((1<<31 | 1<<18 | 1<<29 | 1<<22), GCDR3);
 
 	udelay(100);
 }
@@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ int dram_init (void)
 
 void i2c_init_board()
 {
-	CKENB |= (CKENB_4_I2C);
+	writel(readl(CKENB) | (CKENB_4_I2C), CKENB);
 
 	/* setup I2C GPIO's */
-	GPIO32 = 0x801;		/* SCL = Alt. Fkt. 1 */
-	GPIO33 = 0x801;		/* SDA = Alt. Fkt. 1 */
+	writel(0x801, GPIO32);		/* SCL = Alt. Fkt. 1 */
+	writel(0x801, GPIO33);		/* SDA = Alt. Fkt. 1 */
 }
 
 /* initialize the DA9030 Power Controller */
@@ -295,20 +296,20 @@ static void init_DA9030()
 {
 	uchar addr = (uchar) DA9030_I2C_ADDR, val = 0;
 
-	CKENB |= CKENB_7_GPIO;
+	writel(readl(CKENB) | CKENB_7_GPIO, CKENB);
 	udelay(100);
 
 	/* Rising Edge on EXTON to reset DA9030 */
-	GPIO17 = 0x8800;	/* configure GPIO17, no pullup, -down */
-	GPDR0 |= (1<<17);	/* GPIO17 is output */
-	GSDR0 = (1<<17);
-	GPCR0 = (1<<17);	/* drive GPIO17 low */
-	GPSR0 = (1<<17);	/* drive GPIO17 high */
+	writel(0x8800, GPIO17);	/* configure GPIO17, no pullup, -down */
+	writel(readl(GPDR0) | (1<<17), GPDR0);	/* GPIO17 is output */
+	writel((1<<17), GSDR0);
+	writel((1<<17), GPCR0);	/* drive GPIO17 low */
+	writel((1<<17), GPSR0);	/* drive GPIO17 high */
 
 #if CONFIG_SYS_DA9030_EXTON_DELAY
 	udelay((unsigned long) CONFIG_SYS_DA9030_EXTON_DELAY);	/* wait for DA9030 */
 #endif
-	GPCR0 = (1<<17);	/* drive GPIO17 low */
+	writel((1<<17), GPCR0);	/* drive GPIO17 low */
 
 	/* reset the watchdog and go active (0xec) */
 	val = (SYS_CONTROL_A_HWRES_ENABLE |
diff --git a/board/delta/nand.c b/board/delta/nand.c
index 85a6ba291a..119a587a8d 100644
--- a/board/delta/nand.c
+++ b/board/delta/nand.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include <nand.h>
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_DFC_DEBUG1
 # define DFC_DEBUG1(fmt, args...) printf(fmt, ##args)
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ static void dfc_write_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u_char *buf, int len)
 	if(bytes_multi) {
 		for(i=0; i<bytes_multi; i+=4) {
 			long_buf = (unsigned long*) &buf[i];
-			NDDB = *long_buf;
+			writel(*long_buf, NDDB);
 		}
 	}
 	if(rest) {
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ static void dfc_read_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, u_char* const buf, int len)
 	if(bytes_multi) {
 		for(i=0; i<bytes_multi; i+=4) {
 			long_buf = (unsigned long*) &buf[i];
-			*long_buf = NDDB;
+			*long_buf = readl(NDDB);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -166,8 +167,8 @@ static u_char dfc_read_byte(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 	unsigned long dummy;
 
 	if(bytes_read < 0) {
-		read_buf = NDDB;
-		dummy = NDDB;
+		read_buf = readl(NDDB);
+		dummy = readl(NDDB);
 		bytes_read = 0;
 	}
 	byte = (unsigned char) (read_buf>>(8 * bytes_read++));
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ static u_char dfc_read_byte(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 /* calculate delta between OSCR values start and now  */
 static unsigned long get_delta(unsigned long start)
 {
-	unsigned long cur = OSCR;
+	unsigned long cur = readl(OSCR);
 
 	if(cur < start) /* OSCR overflowed */
 		return (cur + (start^0xffffffff));
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ static unsigned long get_delta(unsigned long start)
 /* delay function, this doesn't belong here */
 static void wait_us(unsigned long us)
 {
-	unsigned long start = OSCR;
+	unsigned long start = readl(OSCR);
 	us = DIV_ROUND_UP(us * OSCR_CLK_FREQ, 1000);
 
 	while (get_delta(start) < us) {
@@ -202,14 +203,14 @@ static void wait_us(unsigned long us)
 
 static void dfc_clear_nddb(void)
 {
-	NDCR &= ~NDCR_ND_RUN;
+	writel(readl(NDCR) & ~NDCR_ND_RUN, NDCR);
 	wait_us(CONFIG_SYS_NAND_OTHER_TO);
 }
 
 /* wait_event with timeout */
 static unsigned long dfc_wait_event(unsigned long event)
 {
-	unsigned long ndsr, timeout, start = OSCR;
+	unsigned long ndsr, timeout, start = readl(OSCR);
 
 	if(!event)
 		return 0xff000000;
@@ -221,9 +222,9 @@ static unsigned long dfc_wait_event(unsigned long event)
 					* OSCR_CLK_FREQ, 1000);
 
 	while(1) {
-		ndsr = NDSR;
+		ndsr = readl(NDSR);
 		if(ndsr & event) {
-			NDSR |= event;
+			writel(readl(NDSR) | event, NDSR);
 			break;
 		}
 		if(get_delta(start) > timeout) {
@@ -243,11 +244,11 @@ static void dfc_new_cmd(void)
 
 	while(retry++ <= CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SENDCMD_RETRY) {
 		/* Clear NDSR */
-		NDSR = 0xFFF;
+		writel(0xfff, NDSR);
 
 		/* set NDCR[NDRUN] */
-		if(!(NDCR & NDCR_ND_RUN))
-			NDCR |= NDCR_ND_RUN;
+		if (!(readl(NDCR) & NDCR_ND_RUN))
+			writel(readl(NDCR) | NDCR_ND_RUN, NDCR);
 
 		status = dfc_wait_event(NDSR_WRCMDREQ);
 
@@ -357,9 +358,9 @@ static void dfc_cmdfunc(struct mtd_info *mtd, unsigned command,
 	}
 
  write_cmd:
-	NDCB0 = ndcb0;
-	NDCB0 = ndcb1;
-	NDCB0 = ndcb2;
+	writel(ndcb0, NDCB0);
+	writel(ndcb1, NDCB0);
+	writel(ndcb2, NDCB0);
 
 	/*  wait_event: */
 	dfc_wait_event(event);
@@ -372,36 +373,36 @@ static void dfc_gpio_init(void)
 	DFC_DEBUG2("Setting up DFC GPIO's.\n");
 
 	/* no idea what is done here, see zylonite.c */
-	GPIO4 = 0x1;
-
-	DF_ALE_WE1 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_ALE_WE2 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nCS0 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nCS1 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nWE = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nRE = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO0 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO8 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO1 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO9 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO2 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO10 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO3 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO11 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO4 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO12 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO5 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO13 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO6 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO14 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO7 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO15 = 0x00000001;
-
-	DF_nWE = 0x1901;
-	DF_nRE = 0x1901;
-	DF_CLE_NOE = 0x1900;
-	DF_ALE_WE1 = 0x1901;
-	DF_INT_RnB = 0x1900;
+	writel(0x1, GPIO4);
+
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_ALE_nWE1);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_ALE_nWE2);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nCS0);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nCS1);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nWE);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nRE);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO0);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO8);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO1);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO9);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO2);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO10);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO3);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO11);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO4);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO12);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO5);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO13);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO6);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO14);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO7);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO15);
+
+	writel(0x1901, DF_nWE);
+	writel(0x1901, DF_nRE);
+	writel(0x1900, DF_CLE_nOE);
+	writel(0x1901, DF_ALE_nWE1);
+	writel(0x1900, DF_INT_RnB);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 	dfc_gpio_init();
 
 	/* turn on the NAND Controller Clock (104 MHz @ D0) */
-	CKENA |= (CKENA_4_NAND | CKENA_9_SMC);
+	writel(readl(CKENA) | (CKENA_4_NAND | CKENA_9_SMC), CKENA);
 
 #undef CONFIG_SYS_TIMING_TIGHT
 #ifndef CONFIG_SYS_TIMING_TIGHT
@@ -485,17 +486,19 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 		tRP_high = 0;
 	}
 
-	NDTR0CS0 = (tCH << 19) |
+	writel((tCH << 19) |
 		(tCS << 16) |
 		(tWH << 11) |
 		(tWP << 8) |
 		(tRP_high << 6) |
 		(tRH << 3) |
-		(tRP << 0);
+		(tRP << 0),
+		NDTR0CS0);
 
-	NDTR1CS0 = (tR << 16) |
+	writel((tR << 16) |
 		(tWHR << 4) |
-		(tAR << 0);
+		(tAR << 0),
+		NDTR1CS0);
 
 	/* If it doesn't work (unlikely) think about:
 	 *  - ecc enable
@@ -512,7 +515,7 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 	 */
 	/* NDCR_NCSX |		/\* Chip select busy don't care *\/ */
 
-	NDCR = (NDCR_SPARE_EN |		/* use the spare area */
+	writel(NDCR_SPARE_EN |		/* use the spare area */
 		NDCR_DWIDTH_C |		/* 16bit DFC data bus width  */
 		NDCR_DWIDTH_M |		/* 16 bit Flash device data bus width */
 		(2 << 16) |		/* read id count = 7 ???? mk@tbd */
@@ -528,7 +531,8 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 		NDCR_SBERRM |		/* single bit error ir masked */
 		NDCR_WRDREQM |		/* write data request ir masked */
 		NDCR_RDDREQM |		/* read data request ir masked */
-		NDCR_WRCMDREQM);	/* write command request ir masked */
+		NDCR_WRCMDREQM,		/* write command request ir masked */
+		NDCR);
 
 
 	/* wait 10 us due to cmd buffer clear reset */
diff --git a/board/innokom/innokom.c b/board/innokom/innokom.c
index 3412f10d3f..2c5112521b 100644
--- a/board/innokom/innokom.c
+++ b/board/innokom/innokom.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <netdev.h>
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -48,20 +49,21 @@ int i2c_init_board(void)
 
 	/* disable I2C controller first, otherwhise it thinks we want to    */
 	/* talk to the slave port...                                        */
-	icr = ICR; ICR &= ~(ICR_SCLE | ICR_IUE);
+	icr = readl(ICR);
+	writel(readl(ICR) & ~(ICR_SCLE | ICR_IUE), ICR);
 
 	/* set gpio pin low _before_ we change direction to output          */
-	GPCR(70) = GPIO_bit(70);
+	writel(GPIO_bit(70), GPCR(70));
 
 	/* now toggle between output=low and high-impedance                 */
 	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
-		GPDR(70) |= GPIO_bit(70);  /* output */
+		writel(readl(GPDR(70)) | GPIO_bit(70), GPDR(70));  /* output */
 		udelay(10);
-		GPDR(70) &= ~GPIO_bit(70); /* input  */
+		writel(readl(GPDR(70)) & ~GPIO_bit(70), GPDR(70)); /* input  */
 		udelay(10);
 	}
 
-	ICR = icr;
+	writel(icr, ICR);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ int misc_init_r(void)
 	char *str;
 
 	/* determine if the software update key is pressed during startup   */
-	if (GPLR0 & 0x00000800) {
+	if (readl(GPLR0) & 0x00000800) {
 		printf("using bootcmd_normal (sw-update button not pressed)\n");
 		str = getenv("bootcmd_normal");
 	} else {
diff --git a/board/pxa255_idp/pxa_idp.c b/board/pxa255_idp/pxa_idp.c
index a54a95dca9..4ab8bd494f 100644
--- a/board/pxa255_idp/pxa_idp.c
+++ b/board/pxa255_idp/pxa_idp.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <common.h>
 #include <netdev.h>
 #include <command.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -56,14 +57,14 @@ int board_init (void)
 
 	/* set PWM for LCD */
 	/* a value that works is 60Hz, 77% duty cycle */
-	CKEN |= CKEN0_PWM0;
-	PWM_CTRL0 = 0x3f;
-	PWM_PERVAL0 = 0x3ff;
-	PWM_PWDUTY0 = 792;
+	writel(readl(CKEN) | CKEN0_PWM0, CKEN);
+	writel(0x3f, PWM_CTRL0);
+	writel(0x3ff, PWM_PERVAL0);
+	writel(792, PWM_PWDUTY0);
 
 	/* clear reset to AC97 codec */
-	CKEN |= CKEN2_AC97;
-	GCR = GCR_COLD_RST;
+	writel(readl(CKEN) | CKEN2_AC97, CKEN);
+	writel(GCR_COLD_RST, GCR);
 
 	/* enable LCD backlight */
 	/* *(volatile unsigned int *)(PXA_CS5_PHYS + 0x03C00030) = 0x7; */
@@ -102,11 +103,11 @@ int dram_init (void)
 void delay_c(void)
 {
 	/* reset OSCR to 0 */
-	OSCR = 0;
-	while(OSCR > 0x10000)
+	writel(0, OSCR);
+	while (readl(OSCR) > 0x10000)
 		;
 
-	while(OSCR < 0xd4000)
+	while (readl(OSCR) < 0xd4000)
 		;
 }
 
@@ -114,12 +115,12 @@ void blink_c(void)
 {
 	int led_bit = (1<<10);
 
-	GPDR0 = led_bit;
-	GPCR0 = led_bit;
+	writel(led_bit, GPDR0);
+	writel(led_bit, GPCR0);
 	delay_c();
-	GPSR0 = led_bit;
+	writel(led_bit, GPSR0);
 	delay_c();
-	GPCR0 = led_bit;
+	writel(led_bit, GPCR0);
 }
 
 int do_idpcmd(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[])
diff --git a/board/trizepsiv/conxs.c b/board/trizepsiv/conxs.c
index 8c1145629f..7fac73d239 100644
--- a/board/trizepsiv/conxs.c
+++ b/board/trizepsiv/conxs.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <common.h>
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
 #include <netdev.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -57,25 +58,27 @@ extern struct serial_device serial_stuart_device;
 
 int usb_board_init(void)
 {
-	UHCHR = (UHCHR | UHCHR_PCPL | UHCHR_PSPL) &
-		~(UHCHR_SSEP0 | UHCHR_SSEP1 | UHCHR_SSEP2 | UHCHR_SSE);
+	writel((readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_PCPL | UHCHR_PSPL) &
+		~(UHCHR_SSEP0 | UHCHR_SSEP1 | UHCHR_SSEP2 | UHCHR_SSE),
+		UHCHR);
 
-	UHCHR |= UHCHR_FSBIR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_FSBIR, UHCHR);
 
-	while (UHCHR & UHCHR_FSBIR);
+	while (readl(UHCHR) & UHCHR_FSBIR)
+		;
 
-	UHCHR &= ~UHCHR_SSE;
-	UHCHIE = (UHCHIE_UPRIE | UHCHIE_RWIE);
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) & ~UHCHR_SSE, UHCHR);
+	writel((UHCHIE_UPRIE | UHCHIE_RWIE), UHCHIE);
 
 	/* Clear any OTG Pin Hold */
-	if (PSSR & PSSR_OTGPH)
-		PSSR |= PSSR_OTGPH;
+	if (readl(PSSR) & PSSR_OTGPH)
+		writel(readl(PSSR) | PSSR_OTGPH, PSSR);
 
-	UHCRHDA &= ~(RH_A_NPS);
-	UHCRHDA |= RH_A_PSM;
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDA) & ~(RH_A_NPS), UHCRHDA);
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDA) | RH_A_PSM, UHCRHDA);
 
 	/* Set port power control mask bits, only 3 ports. */
-	UHCRHDB |= (0x7<<17);
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDB) | (0x7<<17), UHCRHDB);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -87,14 +90,14 @@ void usb_board_init_fail(void)
 
 void usb_board_stop(void)
 {
-	UHCHR |= UHCHR_FHR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_FHR, UHCHR);
 	udelay(11);
-	UHCHR &= ~UHCHR_FHR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) & ~UHCHR_FHR, UHCHR);
 
-	UHCCOMS |= 1;
+	writel(readl(UHCCOMS) | 1, UHCCOMS);
 	udelay(10);
 
-	CKEN &= ~CKEN10_USBHOST;
+	writel(readl(CKEN) & ~CKEN10_USBHOST, CKEN);
 
 	return;
 }
diff --git a/board/vpac270/vpac270.c b/board/vpac270/vpac270.c
index 18e47e2212..f7922980c8 100644
--- a/board/vpac270/vpac270.c
+++ b/board/vpac270/vpac270.c
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #include <common.h>
 #include <asm/arch/hardware.h>
 #include <netdev.h>
+#include <serial.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -75,28 +77,31 @@ int dram_init (void)
 
 int usb_board_init(void)
 {
-	UHCHR = (UHCHR | UHCHR_PCPL | UHCHR_PSPL) &
-		~(UHCHR_SSEP0 | UHCHR_SSEP1 | UHCHR_SSEP2 | UHCHR_SSE);
+	writel((UHCHR | UHCHR_PCPL | UHCHR_PSPL) &
+		~(UHCHR_SSEP0 | UHCHR_SSEP1 | UHCHR_SSEP2 | UHCHR_SSE),
+		UHCHR);
 
-	UHCHR |= UHCHR_FSBIR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_FSBIR, UHCHR);
 
-	while (UHCHR & UHCHR_FSBIR);
+	while (readl(UHCHR) & UHCHR_FSBIR)
+		;
 
-	UHCHR &= ~UHCHR_SSE;
-	UHCHIE = (UHCHIE_UPRIE | UHCHIE_RWIE);
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) & ~UHCHR_SSE, UHCHR);
+	writel((UHCHIE_UPRIE | UHCHIE_RWIE), UHCHIE);
 
 	/* Clear any OTG Pin Hold */
-	if (PSSR & PSSR_OTGPH)
-		PSSR |= PSSR_OTGPH;
+	if (readl(PSSR) & PSSR_OTGPH)
+		writel(readl(PSSR) | PSSR_OTGPH, PSSR);
 
-	UHCRHDA &= ~(0x200);
-	UHCRHDA |= 0x100;
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDA) & ~(0x200), UHCRHDA);
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDA) | 0x100, UHCRHDA);
 
 	/* Set port power control mask bits, only 3 ports. */
-	UHCRHDB |= (0x7<<17);
+	writel(readl(UHCRHDB) | (0x7<<17), UHCRHDB);
 
 	/* enable port 2 */
-	UP2OCR |= UP2OCR_HXOE | UP2OCR_HXS | UP2OCR_DMPDE | UP2OCR_DPPDE;
+	writel(readl(UP2OCR) | UP2OCR_HXOE | UP2OCR_HXS |
+		UP2OCR_DMPDE | UP2OCR_DPPDE, UP2OCR);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -108,14 +113,14 @@ void usb_board_init_fail(void)
 
 void usb_board_stop(void)
 {
-	UHCHR |= UHCHR_FHR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) | UHCHR_FHR, UHCHR);
 	udelay(11);
-	UHCHR &= ~UHCHR_FHR;
+	writel(readl(UHCHR) & ~UHCHR_FHR, UHCHR);
 
-	UHCCOMS |= 1;
+	writel(readl(UHCCOMS) | 1, UHCCOMS);
 	udelay(10);
 
-	CKEN &= ~CKEN10_USBHOST;
+	writel(readl(CKEN) & ~CKEN10_USBHOST, CKEN);
 
 	return;
 }
diff --git a/board/wepep250/wepep250.c b/board/wepep250/wepep250.c
index fe4b6a91d2..6e41ea6d01 100644
--- a/board/wepep250/wepep250.c
+++ b/board/wepep250/wepep250.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <common.h>
 #include <asm/arch/pxa-regs.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -33,13 +34,13 @@ int board_init (void)
  * Setup GPIO stuff to get serial working
  */
 #if defined( CONFIG_FFUART )
-	GPDR1 = 0x80;
-	GAFR1_L = 0x8010;
+	writel(0x80, GPDR1);
+	writel(0x8010, GAFR1_L);
 #elif defined( CONFIG_BTUART )
-	GPDR1 = 0x800;
-	GAFR1_L = 0x900000;
+	writel(0x800, GPDR1);
+	writel(0x900000, GAFR1_L);
 #endif
-	PSSR = 0x20;
+	writel(0x20, PSSR);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/board/zipitz2/zipitz2.c b/board/zipitz2/zipitz2.c
index 14d1d763b1..f7edc4c8ca 100644
--- a/board/zipitz2/zipitz2.c
+++ b/board/zipitz2/zipitz2.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <serial.h>
 #include <asm/arch/hardware.h>
 #include <spi.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
 
@@ -129,24 +130,24 @@ void zipitz2_spi_sda(int set)
 {
 	/* GPIO 13 */
 	if (set)
-		GPSR0 = (1 << 13);
+		writel((1 << 13), GPSR0);
 	else
-		GPCR0 = (1 << 13);
+		writel((1 << 13), GPCR0);
 }
 
 void zipitz2_spi_scl(int set)
 {
 	/* GPIO 22 */
 	if (set)
-		GPCR0 = (1 << 22);
+		writel((1 << 22), GPCR0);
 	else
-		GPSR0 = (1 << 22);
+		writel((1 << 22), GPSR0);
 }
 
 unsigned char zipitz2_spi_read(void)
 {
 	/* GPIO 40 */
-	return !!(GPLR1 & (1 << 8));
+	return !!(readl(GPLR1) & (1 << 8));
 }
 
 int spi_cs_is_valid(unsigned int bus, unsigned int cs)
@@ -158,13 +159,13 @@ int spi_cs_is_valid(unsigned int bus, unsigned int cs)
 void spi_cs_activate(struct spi_slave *slave)
 {
 	/* GPIO 88 low */
-	GPCR2 = (1 << 24);
+	writel((1 << 24), GPCR2);
 }
 
 void spi_cs_deactivate(struct spi_slave *slave)
 {
 	/* GPIO 88 high */
-	GPSR2 = (1 << 24);
+	writel((1 << 24), GPSR2);
 
 }
 
@@ -176,20 +177,20 @@ void lcd_start(void)
 	unsigned char dummy[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 
 	/* PWM2 AF */
-	GAFR0_L |= 0x00800000;
+	writel(readl(GAFR0_L) | 0x00800000, GAFR0_L);
 	/* Enable clock to all PWM */
-	CKEN |= 0x3;
+	writel(readl(CKEN) | 0x3, CKEN);
 	/* Configure PWM2 */
-	PWM_CTRL2 = 0x4f;
-	PWM_PWDUTY2 = 0x2ff;
-	PWM_PERVAL2 = 792;
+	writel(0x4f, PWM_CTRL2);
+	writel(0x2ff, PWM_PWDUTY2);
+	writel(792, PWM_PERVAL2);
 
 	/* Toggle the reset pin to reset the LCD */
-	GPSR0 = (1 << 19);
+	writel((1 << 19), GPSR0);
 	udelay(100000);
-	GPCR0 = (1 << 19);
+	writel((1 << 19), GPCR0);
 	udelay(20000);
-	GPSR0 = (1 << 19);
+	writel((1 << 19), GPSR0);
 	udelay(20000);
 
 	/* Program the LCD init sequence */
@@ -208,6 +209,6 @@ void lcd_start(void)
 			udelay(lcd_data[i].mdelay * 1000);
 	}
 
-	GPSR0 = (1 << 11);
+	writel((1 << 11), GPSR0);
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/board/zylonite/nand.c b/board/zylonite/nand.c
index 7cad1ac049..71d18a6f5f 100644
--- a/board/zylonite/nand.c
+++ b/board/zylonite/nand.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <common.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)
 
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ static void dfc_write_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u_char *buf, int len)
 	if(bytes_multi) {
 		for(i=0; i<bytes_multi; i+=4) {
 			long_buf = (unsigned long*) &buf[i];
-			NDDB = *long_buf;
+			writel(*long_buf, NDDB);
 		}
 	}
 	if(rest) {
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ static void dfc_read_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, u_char* const buf, int len)
 	if(bytes_multi) {
 		for(i=0; i<bytes_multi; i+=4) {
 			long_buf = (unsigned long*) &buf[i];
-			*long_buf = NDDB;
+			*long_buf = readl(NDDB);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -171,8 +172,8 @@ static u_char dfc_read_byte(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 	unsigned long dummy;
 
 	if(bytes_read < 0) {
-		read_buf = NDDB;
-		dummy = NDDB;
+		read_buf = readl(NDDB);
+		dummy = readl(NDDB);
 		bytes_read = 0;
 	}
 	byte = (unsigned char) (read_buf>>(8 * bytes_read++));
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ static u_char dfc_read_byte(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 /* calculate delta between OSCR values start and now  */
 static unsigned long get_delta(unsigned long start)
 {
-	unsigned long cur = OSCR;
+	unsigned long cur = readl(OSCR);
 
 	if(cur < start) /* OSCR overflowed */
 		return (cur + (start^0xffffffff));
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ static unsigned long get_delta(unsigned long start)
 /* delay function, this doesn't belong here */
 static void wait_us(unsigned long us)
 {
-	unsigned long start = OSCR;
+	unsigned long start = readl(OSCR);
 	us = DIV_ROUND_UP(us * OSCR_CLK_FREQ, 1000);
 
 	while (get_delta(start) < us) {
@@ -207,14 +208,14 @@ static void wait_us(unsigned long us)
 
 static void dfc_clear_nddb(void)
 {
-	NDCR &= ~NDCR_ND_RUN;
+	writel(readl(NDCR) & ~NDCR_ND_RUN, NDCR);
 	wait_us(CONFIG_SYS_NAND_OTHER_TO);
 }
 
 /* wait_event with timeout */
 static unsigned long dfc_wait_event(unsigned long event)
 {
-	unsigned long ndsr, timeout, start = OSCR;
+	unsigned long ndsr, timeout, start = readl(OSCR);
 
 	if(!event)
 		return 0xff000000;
@@ -226,9 +227,9 @@ static unsigned long dfc_wait_event(unsigned long event)
 					* OSCR_CLK_FREQ, 1000);
 
 	while(1) {
-		ndsr = NDSR;
+		ndsr = readl(NDSR);
 		if(ndsr & event) {
-			NDSR |= event;
+			writel(readl(NDSR) | event, NDSR);
 			break;
 		}
 		if(get_delta(start) > timeout) {
@@ -248,11 +249,11 @@ static void dfc_new_cmd(void)
 
 	while(retry++ <= CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SENDCMD_RETRY) {
 		/* Clear NDSR */
-		NDSR = 0xFFF;
+		writel(0xFFF, NDSR);
 
 		/* set NDCR[NDRUN] */
-		if(!(NDCR & NDCR_ND_RUN))
-			NDCR |= NDCR_ND_RUN;
+		if (!(readl(NDCR) & NDCR_ND_RUN))
+			writel(readl(NDCR) | NDCR_ND_RUN, NDCR);
 
 		status = dfc_wait_event(NDSR_WRCMDREQ);
 
@@ -362,9 +363,9 @@ static void dfc_cmdfunc(struct mtd_info *mtd, unsigned command,
 	}
 
  write_cmd:
-	NDCB0 = ndcb0;
-	NDCB0 = ndcb1;
-	NDCB0 = ndcb2;
+	writel(ndcb0, NDCB0);
+	writel(ndcb1, NDCB0);
+	writel(ndcb2, NDCB0);
 
 	/*  wait_event: */
 	dfc_wait_event(event);
@@ -377,36 +378,36 @@ static void dfc_gpio_init(void)
 	DFC_DEBUG2("Setting up DFC GPIO's.\n");
 
 	/* no idea what is done here, see zylonite.c */
-	GPIO4 = 0x1;
-
-	DF_ALE_WE1 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_ALE_WE2 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nCS0 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nCS1 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nWE = 0x00000001;
-	DF_nRE = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO0 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO8 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO1 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO9 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO2 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO10 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO3 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO11 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO4 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO12 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO5 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO13 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO6 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO14 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO7 = 0x00000001;
-	DF_IO15 = 0x00000001;
-
-	DF_nWE = 0x1901;
-	DF_nRE = 0x1901;
-	DF_CLE_NOE = 0x1900;
-	DF_ALE_WE1 = 0x1901;
-	DF_INT_RnB = 0x1900;
+	writel(0x1, GPIO4);
+
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_ALE_nWE1);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_ALE_nWE2);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nCS0);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nCS1);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nWE);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_nRE);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO0);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO8);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO1);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO9);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO2);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO10);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO3);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO11);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO4);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO12);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO5);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO13);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO6);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO14);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO7);
+	writel(0x00000001, DF_IO15);
+
+	writel(0x1901, DF_nWE);
+	writel(0x1901, DF_nRE);
+	writel(0x1900, DF_CLE_nOE);
+	writel(0x1901, DF_ALE_nWE1);
+	writel(0x1900, DF_INT_RnB);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 	dfc_gpio_init();
 
 	/* turn on the NAND Controller Clock (104 MHz @ D0) */
-	CKENA |= (CKENA_4_NAND | CKENA_9_SMC);
+	writel(readl(CKENA) | (CKENA_4_NAND | CKENA_9_SMC), CKENA);
 
 #undef CONFIG_SYS_TIMING_TIGHT
 #ifndef CONFIG_SYS_TIMING_TIGHT
@@ -490,17 +491,19 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 		tRP_high = 0;
 	}
 
-	NDTR0CS0 = (tCH << 19) |
+	writel((tCH << 19) |
 		(tCS << 16) |
 		(tWH << 11) |
 		(tWP << 8) |
 		(tRP_high << 6) |
 		(tRH << 3) |
-		(tRP << 0);
+		(tRP << 0),
+		NDTR0CS0);
 
-	NDTR1CS0 = (tR << 16) |
+	writel((tR << 16) |
 		(tWHR << 4) |
-		(tAR << 0);
+		(tAR << 0),
+		NDTR1CS0);
 
 	/* If it doesn't work (unlikely) think about:
 	 *  - ecc enable
@@ -517,7 +520,7 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 	 */
 	/* NDCR_NCSX |		/\* Chip select busy don't care *\/ */
 
-	NDCR = (NDCR_SPARE_EN |		/* use the spare area */
+	writel(NDCR_SPARE_EN |		/* use the spare area */
 		NDCR_DWIDTH_C |		/* 16bit DFC data bus width  */
 		NDCR_DWIDTH_M |		/* 16 bit Flash device data bus width */
 		(2 << 16) |		/* read id count = 7 ???? mk@tbd */
@@ -533,7 +536,8 @@ int board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *nand)
 		NDCR_SBERRM |		/* single bit error ir masked */
 		NDCR_WRDREQM |		/* write data request ir masked */
 		NDCR_RDDREQM |		/* read data request ir masked */
-		NDCR_WRCMDREQM);	/* write command request ir masked */
+		NDCR_WRCMDREQM,		/* write command request ir masked */
+		NDCR);
 
 
 	/* wait 10 us due to cmd buffer clear reset */