Change Activity Graph from Protovis to d3 (#43)

Fixes failing javascipt in Opera and Chrome resulting
in no graph and no other javascript features.

Changed to precalculate all days in the begin_date...end_date
date range before matching email counts to ensure we have data
points for all days in the range.

4 files changed, 92 insertions, 7777 deletions

diff --git a/hyperkitty/static/css/hyperkitty-overview.css b/hyperkitty/static/css/hyperkitty-overview.css
index 458586b..cb489da 100644
--- a/hyperkitty/static/css/hyperkitty-overview.css
+++ b/hyperkitty/static/css/hyperkitty-overview.css
@@ -21,6 +21,16 @@
   height: 330px;
 }
 
+#fig .axis path, #fig .axis line {
+  fill: none;
+  stroke: #000;
+  shape-rendering: geometricPrecision;
+}
+
+#fig .area {
+  fill: steelBlue;
+}
+
 
 #top-discussion,
 #discussion-by-topic,
diff --git a/hyperkitty/static/js/hyperkitty.js b/hyperkitty/static/js/hyperkitty.js
index eeec569..becc171 100644
--- a/hyperkitty/static/js/hyperkitty.js
+++ b/hyperkitty/static/js/hyperkitty.js
@@ -210,62 +210,88 @@ function setup_replies() {
 /*
  * Recent activity graph
  */
-
-function activity_graph(dates, data, baseurl) {
-    var w = 500,
-        h = 300,
-        x = pv.Scale.ordinal(pv.range(32)).splitBanded(0, w, 4/5),
-        y = pv.Scale.linear(0, Math.max.apply(null, data)+1).range(0, h);
-
-    var vis = new pv.Panel()
-        .width(w)
-        .height(250)
-        .bottom(60)
-        .left(30)
-        .right(5)
-        .top(5);
-
-    var bar = vis.add(pv.Bar)
-        .data(data)
-        .event("click", function(n) { self.location = baseurl + "/" + dates[this.index].replace(/-/g, '/') + "/"; })
-        .left(function() x(this.index))
-        .width(x.range().band)
-        .bottom(0)
-        .height(y);
-
-    bar.anchor("bottom").add(pv.Label)
-        .textMargin(5)
-        .textAlign("right")
-        .textBaseline("middle")
-        .textAngle(-Math.PI / 3)
-        .text(function() xlabel(this.index));
-
-    function xlabel(ind) {
-        if (!dates[ind -1]) {
-            return dates[ind];
-        }
-        prev = dates[ind - 1];
-        cur = dates[ind];
-        if (prev.substring(0,7) == cur.substring(0,7)) {
-            cur = cur.substring(8);
+function activity_graph(elem_id, dates, counts, baseurl) {
+    function merge(dates, counts) {
+        result = []
+        for(i = 0; i < dates.length; i++) {
+            result.push({
+                "date": dates[i],
+                "count": counts[i]
+            })
         }
-        return cur;
+        return result;
     }
+    var data = merge(dates, counts);
+    var margin = {top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 100, left: 50},
+        width = 540 - margin.left - margin.right,
+        height = 330 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+
+    var format_in = d3.time.format("%Y-%m-%d");
+    var format_out = d3.time.format("%m-%d");
+
+    var x = d3.time.scale()
+        .range([0, width]);
+
+    var y = d3.scale.linear()
+        .range([height, 0]);
+
+    var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
+        .scale(x)
+        .orient("bottom")
+        .tickFormat(format_out)
+        .ticks(d3.time.days, 2);
+
+    var yAxis = d3.svg.axis()
+        .scale(y)
+        .orient("left")
+        .ticks(5)
+        .tickSubdivide(1);
+
+    var area = d3.svg.area()
+        .x(function(d) { return x(d.date); })
+        .y0(height)
+        .y1(function(d) { return y(d.count); });
+
+    var svg = d3.select(elem_id).append("svg")
+        .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
+        .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
+      .append("g")
+        .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
+
+    data.forEach(function(d) {
+        d.date = format_in.parse(d.date);
+        d.count = parseInt(d.count);
+    });
 
-    vis.add(pv.Rule)
-        .data(y.ticks())
-        .bottom(function(d) Math.round(y(d)) - .5)
-        .strokeStyle(function(d) d ? "rgba(255,255,255,.3)" : "#000")
-        .add(pv.Rule)
-        .left(0)
-        .width(5)
-        .strokeStyle("#000")
-        .anchor("left").add(pv.Label)
-        .text(function(d) d.toFixed(1));
-
-    vis.render();
-}
+    x.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d.date; }));
+    y.domain([0, d3.max(data, function(d) { return d.count; })]);
+
+    svg.append("path")
+      .datum(data)
+      .attr("class", "area")
+      .attr("d", area);
+
+    svg.append("g")
+      .attr("class", "x axis")
+      .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
+      .call(xAxis)
+      .selectAll("text")
+        .attr("y", -5)
+        .attr("x", -30)
+        .attr("transform", function(d) {
+            return "rotate(-90)"
+            });
 
+    svg.append("g")
+      .attr("class", "y axis")
+      .call(yAxis)
+    .append("text")
+      .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
+      .attr("y", 6)
+      .attr("dy", ".71em")
+      .style("text-anchor", "end")
+      .text("Messages");
+}
 
 /*
  * Misc.
diff --git a/hyperkitty/static/libs/d3.v2.min.js b/hyperkitty/static/libs/d3.v2.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc47f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyperkitty/static/libs/d3.v2.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
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ho={l:"r",r:"l"};d3.geom.delaunay=function(e){var t=e.map(function(){return[]}),n=[];return oi(e,function(n){t[n.region.l.index].push(e[n.region.r.index])}),t.forEach(function(t,r){var i=e[r],s=i[0],o=i[1];t.forEach(function(e){e.angle=Math.atan2(e[0]-s,e[1]-o)}),t.sort(function(e,t){return e.angle-t.angle});for(var u=0,a=t.length-1;u<a;u++)n.push([i,t[u],t[u+1]])}),n},d3.geom.quadtree=function(e,t,n,r,i){function s(e,t,n,r,i,s){if(isNaN(t.x)||isNaN(t.y))return;if(e.leaf){var u=e.point;u?Math.abs(u.x-t.x)+Math.abs(u.y-t.y)<.01?o(e,t,n,r,i,s):(e.point=null,o(e,u,n,r,i,s),o(e,t,n,r,i,s)):e.point=t}else o(e,t,n,r,i,s)}function o(e,t,n,r,i,o){var u=(n+i)*.5,a=(r+o)*.5,f=t.x>=u,l=t.y>=a,c=(l<<1)+f;e.leaf=!1,e=e.nodes[c]||(e.nodes[c]=ui()),f?n=u:i=u,l?r=a:o=a,s(e,t,n,r,i,o)}var 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this._.valueOf()},setDate:function(){mo.setUTCDate.apply(this._,arguments)},setDay:function(){mo.setUTCDay.apply(this._,arguments)},setFullYear:function(){mo.setUTCFullYear.apply(this._,arguments)},setHours:function(){mo.setUTCHours.apply(this._,arguments)},setMilliseconds:function(){mo.setUTCMilliseconds.apply(this._,arguments)},setMinutes:function(){mo.setUTCMinutes.apply(this._,arguments)},setMonth:function(){mo.setUTCMonth.apply(this._,arguments)},setSeconds:function(){mo.setUTCSeconds.apply(this._,arguments)},setTime:function(){mo.setTime.apply(this._,arguments)}};var mo=Date.prototype,go="%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y",yo="%m/%d/%y",bo="%H:%M:%S",wo=vo,Eo=wo.map(ci),So=["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],xo=So.map(ci);d3.time.format=function(e){function t(t){var r=[],i=-1,s=0,o,u;while(++i<n)e.charCodeAt(i)==37&&(r.push(e.substring(s,i),(u=Po[o=e.charAt(++i)])?u(t):o),s=i+1);return 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e.getDay()&&e.getDate()!=1}],[d3.time.format("%I %p"),function(e){return e.getHours()}],[d3.time.format("%I:%M"),function(e){return e.getMinutes()}],[d3.time.format(":%S"),function(e){return e.getSeconds()}],[d3.time.format(".%L"),function(e){return e.getMilliseconds()}]],Uo=d3.scale.linear(),zo=Ii(Ro);qo.year=function(e,t){return Uo.domain(e.map(Ri)).ticks(t).map(qi)},d3.time.scale=function(){return Bi(d3.scale.linear(),qo,zo)};var Wo=qo.map(function(e){return[e[0].utc,e[1]]}),Xo=[[d3.time.format.utc("%Y"),function(e){return!0}],[d3.time.format.utc("%B"),function(e){return e.getUTCMonth()}],[d3.time.format.utc("%b %d"),function(e){return e.getUTCDate()!=1}],[d3.time.format.utc("%a %d"),function(e){return e.getUTCDay()&&e.getUTCDate()!=1}],[d3.time.format.utc("%I %p"),function(e){return e.getUTCHours()}],[d3.time.format.utc("%I:%M"),function(e){return e.getUTCMinutes()}],[d3.time.format.utc(":%S"),function(e){return e.getUTCSeconds()}],[d3.time.format.utc(".%L"),function(e){return e.getUTCMilliseconds()}]],Vo=Ii(Xo);Wo.year=function(e,t){return Uo.domain(e.map(zi)).ticks(t).map(Ui)},d3.time.scale.utc=function(){return Bi(d3.scale.linear(),Wo,Vo)}})();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyperkitty/static/libs/protovis-d3.1.js b/hyperkitty/static/libs/protovis-d3.1.js
deleted file mode 100644
index af56eac..0000000
--- a/hyperkitty/static/libs/protovis-d3.1.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7725 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @class The built-in Array class.
- * @name Array
- */
-
-if (!Array.prototype.map) {
-  /**
-   * Creates a new array with the results of calling a provided function on
-   * every element in this array. Implemented in Javascript 1.6.
-   *
-   * @see <a
-   * href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array/Map">map</a>
-   * documentation.
-   * @param {function} f function that produces an element of the new Array from
-   * an element of the current one.
-   * @param [o] object to use as <tt>this</tt> when executing <tt>f</tt>.
-   */
-  Array.prototype.map = function(f, o) {
-      var n = this.length;
-      var result = new Array(n);
-      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        if (i in this) {
-          result[i] = f.call(o, this[i], i, this);
-        }
-      }
-      return result;
-    };
-}
-
-if (!Array.prototype.filter) {
-  /**
-   * Creates a new array with all elements that pass the test implemented by the
-   * provided function. Implemented in Javascript 1.6.
-   *
-   * @see <a
-   * href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array/filter">filter</a>
-   * documentation.
-   * @param {function} f function to test each element of the array.
-   * @param [o] object to use as <tt>this</tt> when executing <tt>f</tt>.
-   */
-  Array.prototype.filter = function(f, o) {
-      var n = this.length;
-      var result = new Array();
-      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        if (i in this) {
-          var v = this[i];
-          if (f.call(o, v, i, this)) result.push(v);
-        }
-      }
-      return result;
-    };
-}
-
-if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
-  /**
-   * Executes a provided function once per array element. Implemented in
-   * Javascript 1.6.
-   *
-   * @see <a
-   * href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array/ForEach">forEach</a>
-   * documentation.
-   * @param {function} f function to execute for each element.
-   * @param [o] object to use as <tt>this</tt> when executing <tt>f</tt>.
-   */
-  Array.prototype.forEach = function(f, o) {
-      var n = this.length >>> 0;
-      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        if (i in this) f.call(o, this[i], i, this);
-      }
-    };
-}
-
-if (!Array.prototype.reduce) {
-  /**
-   * Apply a function against an accumulator and each value of the array (from
-   * left-to-right) as to reduce it to a single value. Implemented in Javascript
-   * 1.8.
-   *
-   * @see <a
-   * href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array/Reduce">reduce</a>
-   * documentation.
-   * @param {function} f function to execute on each value in the array.
-   * @param [v] object to use as the first argument to the first call of
-   * <tt>t</tt>.
-   */
-  Array.prototype.reduce = function(f, v) {
-      var len = this.length;
-      if (!len && (arguments.length == 1)) {
-        throw new Error("reduce: empty array, no initial value");
-      }
-
-      var i = 0;
-      if (arguments.length < 2) {
-        while (true) {
-          if (i in this) {
-            v = this[i++];
-            break;
-          }
-          if (++i >= len) {
-            throw new Error("reduce: no values, no initial value");
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      for (; i < len; i++) {
-        if (i in this) {
-          v = f(v, this[i], i, this);
-        }
-      }
-      return v;
-    };
-}
-/**
- * @class The built-in Date class.
- * @name Date
- */
-
-Date.__parse__ = Date.parse;
-
-/**
- * Parses a date from a string, optionally using the specified formatting. If
- * only a single argument is specified (i.e., <tt>format</tt> is not specified),
- * this method invokes the native implementation to guarantee
- * backwards-compatibility.
- *
- * <p>The format string is in the same format expected by the <tt>strptime</tt>
- * function in C. The following conversion specifications are supported:<ul>
- *
- * <li>%b - abbreviated month names.</li>
- * <li>%B - full month names.</li>
- * <li>%h - same as %b.</li>
- * <li>%d - day of month [1,31].</li>
- * <li>%e - same as %d.</li>
- * <li>%H - hour (24-hour clock) [0,23].</li>
- * <li>%m - month number [1,12].</li>
- * <li>%M - minute [0,59].</li>
- * <li>%S - second [0,61].</li>
- * <li>%y - year with century [0,99].</li>
- * <li>%Y - year including century.</li>
- * <li>%% - %.</li>
- *
- * </ul>The following conversion specifications are <i>unsupported</i> (for now):<ul>
- *
- * <li>%a - day of week, either abbreviated or full name.</li>
- * <li>%A - same as %a.</li>
- * <li>%c - locale's appropriate date and time.</li>
- * <li>%C - century number.</li>
- * <li>%D - same as %m/%d/%y.</li>
- * <li>%I - hour (12-hour clock) [1,12].</li>
- * <li>%j - day number [1,366].</li>
- * <li>%n - any white space.</li>
- * <li>%p - locale's equivalent of a.m. or p.m.</li>
- * <li>%r - same as %I:%M:%S %p.</li>
- * <li>%R - same as %H:%M.</li>
- * <li>%t - same as %n.</li>
- * <li>%T - same as %H:%M:%S.</li>
- * <li>%U - week number [0,53].</li>
- * <li>%w - weekday [0,6].</li>
- * <li>%W - week number [0,53].</li>
- * <li>%x - locale's equivalent to %m/%d/%y.</li>
- * <li>%X - locale's equivalent to %I:%M:%S %p.</li>
- *
- * </ul>
- *
- * @see <a
- * href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/strptime.html">strptime</a>
- * documentation.
- * @param {string} s the string to parse as a date.
- * @param {string} [format] an optional format string.
- * @returns {Date} the parsed date.
- */
-Date.parse = function(s, format) {
-  if (arguments.length == 1) {
-    return Date.__parse__(s);
-  }
-
-  var year = 1970, month = 0, date = 1, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0;
-  var fields = [function() {}];
-  format = format.replace(/[\\\^\$\*\+\?\[\]\(\)\.\{\}]/g, "\\$&");
-  format = format.replace(/%[a-zA-Z0-9]/g, function(s) {
-      switch (s) {
-        // TODO %a: day of week, either abbreviated or full name
-        // TODO %A: same as %a
-        case '%b': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { month = {
-                Jan: 0, Feb: 1, Mar: 2, Apr: 3, May: 4, Jun: 5, Jul: 6, Aug: 7,
-                Sep: 8, Oct: 9, Nov: 10, Dec: 11
-              }[x]; });
-          return "([A-Za-z]+)";
-        }
-        case '%h':
-        case '%B': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { month = {
-                January: 0, February: 1, March: 2, April: 3, May: 4, June: 5,
-                July: 6, August: 7, September: 8, October: 9, November: 10,
-                December: 11
-              }[x]; });
-          return "([A-Za-z]+)";
-        }
-        // TODO %c: locale's appropriate date and time
-        // TODO %C: century number[0,99]
-        case '%e':
-        case '%d': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { date = x; });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        // TODO %D: same as %m/%d/%y
-        case '%H': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { hour = x; });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        // TODO %I: hour (12-hour clock) [1,12]
-        // TODO %j: day number [1,366]
-        case '%m': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { month = x - 1; });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        case '%M': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { minute = x; });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        // TODO %n: any white space
-        // TODO %p: locale's equivalent of a.m. or p.m.
-        // TODO %r: %I:%M:%S %p
-        // TODO %R: %H:%M
-        case '%S': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { second = x; });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        // TODO %t: any white space
-        // TODO %T: %H:%M:%S
-        // TODO %U: week number [00,53]
-        // TODO %w: weekday [0,6]
-        // TODO %W: week number [00, 53]
-        // TODO %x: locale date (%m/%d/%y)
-        // TODO %X: locale time (%I:%M:%S %p)
-        case '%y': {
-          fields.push(function(x) {
-              x = Number(x);
-              year = x + (((0 <= x) && (x < 69)) ? 2000
-                  : (((x >= 69) && (x < 100) ? 1900 : 0)));
-            });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        case '%Y': {
-          fields.push(function(x) { year = x; });
-          return "([0-9]+)";
-        }
-        case '%%': {
-          fields.push(function() {});
-          return "%";
-        }
-      }
-      return s;
-    });
-
-  var match = s.match(format);
-  if (match) match.forEach(function(m, i) { fields[i](m); });
-  return new Date(year, month, date, hour, minute, second);
-};
-
-if (Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat) {
-  Date.prototype.format = Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat;
-} else {
-
-/**
- * Converts a date to a string using the specified formatting. If the
- * <tt>Date</tt> object already supports the <tt>toLocaleFormat</tt> method, as
- * in Firefox, this is simply an alias to the built-in method.
- *
- * <p>The format string is in the same format expected by the <tt>strftime</tt>
- * function in C. The following conversion specifications are supported:<ul>
- *
- * <li>%a - abbreviated weekday name.</li>
- * <li>%A - full weekday name.</li>
- * <li>%b - abbreviated month names.</li>
- * <li>%B - full month names.</li>
- * <li>%c - locale's appropriate date and time.</li>
- * <li>%C - century number.</li>
- * <li>%d - day of month [01,31] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%D - same as %m/%d/%y.</li>
- * <li>%e - day of month [ 1,31] (space padded).</li>
- * <li>%h - same as %b.</li>
- * <li>%H - hour (24-hour clock) [00,23] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%I - hour (12-hour clock) [01,12] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%m - month number [01,12] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%M - minute [0,59] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%n - newline character.</li>
- * <li>%p - locale's equivalent of a.m. or p.m.</li>
- * <li>%r - same as %I:%M:%S %p.</li>
- * <li>%R - same as %H:%M.</li>
- * <li>%S - second [00,61] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%t - tab character.</li>
- * <li>%T - same as %H:%M:%S.</li>
- * <li>%x - same as %m/%d/%y.</li>
- * <li>%X - same as %I:%M:%S %p.</li>
- * <li>%y - year with century [00,99] (zero padded).</li>
- * <li>%Y - year including century.</li>
- * <li>%% - %.</li>
- *
- * </ul>The following conversion specifications are <i>unsupported</i> (for now):<ul>
- *
- * <li>%j - day number [1,366].</li>
- * <li>%u - weekday number [1,7].</li>
- * <li>%U - week number [00,53].</li>
- * <li>%V - week number [01,53].</li>
- * <li>%w - weekday number [0,6].</li>
- * <li>%W - week number [00,53].</li>
- * <li>%Z - timezone name or abbreviation.</li>
- *
- * </ul>
- *
- * @see <a
- * href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toLocaleFormat">Date.toLocaleFormat</a>
- * documentation.
- * @see <a
- * href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/strftime.html">strftime</a>
- * documentation.
- * @param {string} format a format string.
- * @returns {string} the formatted date.
- */
-Date.prototype.format = function(format) {
-  function pad(n, p) { return (n < 10) ? (p || "0") + n : n; }
-  var d = this;
-  return format.replace(/%[a-zA-Z0-9]/g, function(s) {
-      switch (s) {
-        case '%a': return [
-            "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"
-          ][d.getDay()];
-        case '%A': return [
-            "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday",
-            "Saturday"
-          ][d.getDay()];
-        case '%h':
-        case '%b': return [
-            "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep",
-            "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
-          ][d.getMonth()];
-        case '%B': return [
-            "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July",
-            "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
-          ][d.getMonth()];
-        case '%c': return d.toLocaleString();
-        case '%C': return pad(Math.floor(d.getFullYear() / 100) % 100);
-        case '%d': return pad(d.getDate());
-        case '%x':
-        case '%D': return pad(d.getMonth() + 1)
-                  + "/" + pad(d.getDate())
-                  + "/" + pad(d.getFullYear() % 100);
-        case '%e': return pad(d.getDate(), " ");
-        case '%H': return pad(d.getHours());
-        case '%I': {
-          var h = d.getHours() % 12;
-          return h ? pad(h) : 12;
-        }
-        // TODO %j: day of year as a decimal number [001,366]
-        case '%m': return pad(d.getMonth() + 1);
-        case '%M': return pad(d.getMinutes());
-        case '%n': return "\n";
-        case '%p': return d.getHours() < 12 ? "AM" : "PM";
-        case '%T':
-        case '%X':
-        case '%r': {
-          var h = d.getHours() % 12;
-          return (h ? pad(h) : 12)
-                  + ":" + pad(d.getMinutes())
-                  + ":" + pad(d.getSeconds())
-                  + " " + (d.getHours() < 12 ? "AM" : "PM");
-        }
-        case '%R': return pad(d.getHours()) + ":" + pad(d.getMinutes());
-        case '%S': return pad(d.getSeconds());
-        case '%t': return "\t";
-        case '%u': {
-          var w = d.getDay();
-          return w ? w : 1;
-        }
-        // TODO %U: week number (sunday first day) [00,53]
-        // TODO %V: week number (monday first day) [01,53] ... with weirdness
-        case '%w': return d.getDay();
-        // TODO %W: week number (monday first day) [00,53] ... with weirdness
-        case '%y': return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100);
-        case '%Y': return d.getFullYear();
-        // TODO %Z: timezone name or abbreviation
-        case '%%': return "%";
-      }
-      return s;
-    });
-  };
-}
-var pv = function() {/**
- * The top-level Protovis namespace. All public methods and fields should be
- * registered on this object. Note that core Protovis source is surrounded by an
- * anonymous function, so any other declared globals will not be visible outside
- * of core methods. This also allows multiple versions of Protovis to coexist,
- * since each version will see their own <tt>pv</tt> namespace.
- *
- * @namespace The top-level Protovis namespace, <tt>pv</tt>.
- */
-var pv = {};
-
-/**
- * @private Returns a prototype object suitable for extending the given class
- * <tt>f</tt>. Rather than constructing a new instance of <tt>f</tt> to serve as
- * the prototype (which unnecessarily runs the constructor on the created
- * prototype object, potentially polluting it), an anonymous function is
- * generated internally that shares the same prototype:
- *
- * <pre>function g() {}
- * g.prototype = f.prototype;
- * return new g();</pre>
- *
- * For more details, see Douglas Crockford's essay on prototypal inheritance.
- *
- * @param {function} f a constructor.
- * @returns a suitable prototype object.
- * @see Douglas Crockford's essay on <a
- * href="http://javascript.crockford.com/prototypal.html">prototypal
- * inheritance</a>.
- */
-pv.extend = function(f) {
-  function g() {}
-  g.prototype = f.prototype || f;
-  return new g();
-};
-
-try {
-  eval("pv.parse = function(x) x;"); // native support
-} catch (e) {
-
-/**
- * @private Parses a Protovis specification, which may use JavaScript 1.8
- * function expresses, replacing those function expressions with proper
- * functions such that the code can be run by a JavaScript 1.6 interpreter. This
- * hack only supports function expressions (using clumsy regular expressions, no
- * less), and not other JavaScript 1.8 features such as let expressions.
- *
- * @param {string} s a Protovis specification (i.e., a string of JavaScript 1.8
- * source code).
- * @returns {string} a conformant JavaScript 1.6 source code.
- */
-  pv.parse = function(js) { // hacky regex support
-    var re = new RegExp("function(\\s+\\w+)?\\([^)]*\\)\\s*", "mg"), m, d, i = 0, s = "";
-    while (m = re.exec(js)) {
-      var j = m.index + m[0].length;
-      if (js.charAt(j--) != '{') {
-        s += js.substring(i, j) + "{return ";
-        i = j;
-        for (var p = 0; p >= 0 && j < js.length; j++) {
-          var c = js.charAt(j);
-          switch (c) {
-            case '"': case '\'': {
-              while (++j < js.length && (d = js.charAt(j)) != c) {
-                if (d == '\\') j++;
-              }
-              break;
-            }
-            case '[': case '(': p++; break;
-            case ']': case ')': p--; break;
-            case ';':
-            case ',': if (p == 0) p--; break;
-          }
-        }
-        s += pv.parse(js.substring(i, --j)) + ";}";
-        i = j;
-      }
-      re.lastIndex = j;
-    }
-    s += js.substring(i);
-    return s;
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns the passed-in argument, <tt>x</tt>; the identity function. This method
- * is provided for convenience since it is used as the default behavior for a
- * number of property functions.
- *
- * @param x a value.
- * @returns the value <tt>x</tt>.
- */
-pv.identity = function(x) { return x; };
-
-/**
- * Returns <tt>this.index</tt>. This method is provided for convenience for use
- * with scales. For example, to color bars by their index, say:
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Colors.category10().by(pv.index))</pre>
- *
- * This method is equivalent to <tt>function() this.index</tt>, but more
- * succinct. Note that the <tt>index</tt> property is also supported for
- * accessor functions with {@link pv.max}, {@link pv.min} and other array
- * utility methods.
- *
- * @see pv.Scale
- * @see pv.Mark#index
- */
-pv.index = function() { return this.index; };
-
-/**
- * Returns <tt>this.childIndex</tt>. This method is provided for convenience for
- * use with scales. For example, to color bars by their child index, say:
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Colors.category10().by(pv.child))</pre>
- *
- * This method is equivalent to <tt>function() this.childIndex</tt>, but more
- * succinct.
- *
- * @see pv.Scale
- * @see pv.Mark#childIndex
- */
-pv.child = function() { return this.childIndex; };
-
-/**
- * Returns <tt>this.parent.index</tt>. This method is provided for convenience
- * for use with scales. This method is provided for convenience for use with
- * scales. For example, to color bars by their parent index, say:
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Colors.category10().by(pv.parent))</pre>
- *
- * Tthis method is equivalent to <tt>function() this.parent.index</tt>, but more
- * succinct.
- *
- * @see pv.Scale
- * @see pv.Mark#index
- */
-pv.parent = function() { return this.parent.index; };
-
-/**
- * Returns an array of numbers, starting at <tt>start</tt>, incrementing by
- * <tt>step</tt>, until <tt>stop</tt> is reached. The stop value is exclusive. If
- * only a single argument is specified, this value is interpeted as the
- * <i>stop</i> value, with the <i>start</i> value as zero. If only two arguments
- * are specified, the step value is implied to be one.
- *
- * <p>The method is modeled after the built-in <tt>range</tt> method from
- * Python. See the Python documentation for more details.
- *
- * @see <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range">Python range</a>
- * @param {number} [start] the start value.
- * @param {number} stop the stop value.
- * @param {number} [step] the step value.
- * @returns {number[]} an array of numbers.
- */
-pv.range = function(start, stop, step) {
-  if (arguments.length == 1) {
-    stop = start;
-    start = 0;
-  }
-  if (step == undefined) step = 1;
-  else if (!step) throw new Error("step must be non-zero");
-  var array = [], i = 0, j;
-  if (step < 0) {
-    while ((j = start + step * i++) > stop) {
-      array.push(j);
-    }
-  } else {
-    while ((j = start + step * i++) < stop) {
-      array.push(j);
-    }
-  }
-  return array;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a random number in the range [<tt>min</tt>, <tt>max</tt>) that is a
- * multiple of <tt>step</tt>. More specifically, the returned number is of the
- * form <tt>min</tt> + <i>n</i> * <tt>step</tt>, where <i>n</i> is a nonnegative
- * integer. If <tt>step</tt> is not specified, it defaults to 1, returning a
- * random integer if <tt>min</tt> is also an integer.
- *
- * @param min {number} minimum value.
- * @param [max] {number} maximum value.
- * @param [step] {numbeR} step value.
- */
-pv.random = function(min, max, step) {
-  if (arguments.length == 1) {
-    max = min;
-    min = 0;
-  }
-  if (step == undefined) {
-    step = 1;
-  }
-  return step
-      ? (Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) / step) * step + min)
-      : (Math.random() * (max - min) + min);
-};
-
-/**
- * Concatenates the specified array with itself <i>n</i> times. For example,
- * <tt>pv.repeat([1, 2])</tt> returns [1, 2, 1, 2].
- *
- * @param {array} a an array.
- * @param {number} [n] the number of times to repeat; defaults to two.
- * @returns {array} an array that repeats the specified array.
- */
-pv.repeat = function(array, n) {
-  if (arguments.length == 1) n = 2;
-  return pv.blend(pv.range(n).map(function() { return array; }));
-};
-
-/**
- * Given two arrays <tt>a</tt> and <tt>b</tt>, <style
- * type="text/css">sub{line-height:0}</style> returns an array of all possible
- * pairs of elements [a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>j</sub>]. The outer loop is on array
- * <i>a</i>, while the inner loop is on <i>b</i>, such that the order of
- * returned elements is [a<sub>0</sub>, b<sub>0</sub>], [a<sub>0</sub>,
- * b<sub>1</sub>], ... [a<sub>0</sub>, b<sub>m</sub>], [a<sub>1</sub>,
- * b<sub>0</sub>], [a<sub>1</sub>, b<sub>1</sub>], ... [a<sub>1</sub>,
- * b<sub>m</sub>], ... [a<sub>n</sub>, b<sub>m</sub>]. If either array is empty,
- * an empty array is returned.
- *
- * @param {array} a an array.
- * @param {array} b an array.
- * @returns {array} an array of pairs of elements in <tt>a</tt> and <tt>b</tt>.
- */
-pv.cross = function(a, b) {
-  var array = [];
-  for (var i = 0, n = a.length, m = b.length; i < n; i++) {
-    for (var j = 0, x = a[i]; j < m; j++) {
-      array.push([x, b[j]]);
-    }
-  }
-  return array;
-};
-
-/**
- * Given the specified array of arrays, concatenates the arrays into a single
- * array. If the individual arrays are explicitly known, an alternative to blend
- * is to use JavaScript's <tt>concat</tt> method directly. These two equivalent
- * expressions:<ul>
- *
- * <li><tt>pv.blend([[1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"]])</tt>
- * <li><tt>[1, 2, 3].concat(["a", "b", "c"])</tt>
- *
- * </ul>return [1, 2, 3, "a", "b", "c"].
- *
- * @param {array[]} arrays an array of arrays.
- * @returns {array} an array containing all the elements of each array in
- * <tt>arrays</tt>.
- */
-pv.blend = function(arrays) {
-  return Array.prototype.concat.apply([], arrays);
-};
-
-/**
- * Given the specified array of arrays, <style
- * type="text/css">sub{line-height:0}</style> transposes each element
- * array<sub>ij</sub> with array<sub>ji</sub>. If the array has dimensions
- * <i>n</i>&times;<i>m</i>, it will have dimensions <i>m</i>&times;<i>n</i>
- * after this method returns. This method transposes the elements of the array
- * in place, mutating the array, and returning a reference to the array.
- *
- * @param {array[]} arrays an array of arrays.
- * @returns {array[]} the passed-in array, after transposing the elements.
- */
-pv.transpose = function(arrays) {
-  var n = arrays.length, m = pv.max(arrays, function(d) { return d.length; });
-
-  if (m > n) {
-    arrays.length = m;
-    for (var i = n; i < m; i++) {
-      arrays[i] = new Array(n);
-    }
-    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-      for (var j = i + 1; j < m; j++) {
-        var t = arrays[i][j];
-        arrays[i][j] = arrays[j][i];
-        arrays[j][i] = t;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (var i = 0; i < m; i++) {
-      arrays[i].length = n;
-    }
-    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-      for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-        var t = arrays[i][j];
-        arrays[i][j] = arrays[j][i];
-        arrays[j][i] = t;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  arrays.length = m;
-  for (var i = 0; i < m; i++) {
-    arrays[i].length = n;
-  }
-
-  return arrays;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns all of the property names (keys) of the specified object (a map). The
- * order of the returned array is not defined.
- *
- * @param map an object.
- * @returns {string[]} an array of strings corresponding to the keys.
- * @see #entries
- */
-pv.keys = function(map) {
-  var array = [];
-  for (var key in map) {
-    array.push(key);
-  }
-  return array;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns all of the entries (key-value pairs) of the specified object (a
- * map). The order of the returned array is not defined. Each key-value pair is
- * represented as an object with <tt>key</tt> and <tt>value</tt> attributes,
- * e.g., <tt>{key: "foo", value: 42}</tt>.
- *
- * @param map an object.
- * @returns {array} an array of key-value pairs corresponding to the keys.
- */
-pv.entries = function(map) {
-  var array = [];
-  for (var key in map) {
-    array.push({ key: key, value: map[key] });
-  }
-  return array;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns all of the values (attribute values) of the specified object (a
- * map). The order of the returned array is not defined.
- *
- * @param map an object.
- * @returns {array} an array of objects corresponding to the values.
- * @see #entries
- */
-pv.values = function(map) {
-  var array = [];
-  for (var key in map) {
-    array.push(map[key]);
-  }
-  return array;
-};
-
-/**
- * @private A private variant of Array.prototype.map that supports the index
- * property.
- */
-function map(array, f) {
-  var o = {};
-  return f
-      ? array.map(function(d, i) { o.index = i; return f.call(o, d); })
-      : array.slice();
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a normalized copy of the specified array, such that the sum of the
- * returned elements sum to one. If the specified array is not an array of
- * numbers, an optional accessor function <tt>f</tt> can be specified to map the
- * elements to numbers. For example, if <tt>array</tt> is an array of objects,
- * and each object has a numeric property "foo", the expression
- *
- * <pre>pv.normalize(array, function(d) d.foo)</pre>
- *
- * returns a normalized array on the "foo" property. If an accessor function is
- * not specified, the identity function is used. Accessor functions can refer to
- * <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number[]} an array of numbers that sums to one.
- */
-pv.normalize = function(array, f) {
-  var norm = map(array, f), sum = pv.sum(norm);
-  for (var i = 0; i < norm.length; i++) norm[i] /= sum;
-  return norm;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the sum of the specified array. If the specified array is not an
- * array of numbers, an optional accessor function <tt>f</tt> can be specified
- * to map the elements to numbers. See {@link #normalize} for an example.
- * Accessor functions can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the sum of the specified array.
- */
-pv.sum = function(array, f) {
-  var o = {};
-  return array.reduce(f
-      ? function(p, d, i) { o.index = i; return p + f.call(o, d); }
-      : function(p, d) { return p + d; }, 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the maximum value of the specified array. If the specified array is
- * not an array of numbers, an optional accessor function <tt>f</tt> can be
- * specified to map the elements to numbers. See {@link #normalize} for an
- * example. Accessor functions can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the maximum value of the specified array.
- */
-pv.max = function(array, f) {
-  if (f == pv.index) return array.length - 1;
-  return Math.max.apply(null, f ? map(array, f) : array);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the index of the maximum value of the specified array. If the
- * specified array is not an array of numbers, an optional accessor function
- * <tt>f</tt> can be specified to map the elements to numbers. See
- * {@link #normalize} for an example. Accessor functions can refer to
- * <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the index of the maximum value of the specified array.
- */
-pv.max.index = function(array, f) {
-  if (f == pv.index) return array.length - 1;
-  if (!f) f = pv.identity;
-  var maxi = -1, maxx = -Infinity, o = {};
-  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-    o.index = i;
-    var x = f.call(o, array[i]);
-    if (x > maxx) {
-      maxx = x;
-      maxi = i;
-    }
-  }
-  return maxi;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns the minimum value of the specified array of numbers. If the specified
- * array is not an array of numbers, an optional accessor function <tt>f</tt>
- * can be specified to map the elements to numbers. See {@link #normalize} for
- * an example. Accessor functions can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the minimum value of the specified array.
- */
-pv.min = function(array, f) {
-  if (f == pv.index) return 0;
-  return Math.min.apply(null, f ? map(array, f) : array);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the index of the minimum value of the specified array. If the
- * specified array is not an array of numbers, an optional accessor function
- * <tt>f</tt> can be specified to map the elements to numbers. See
- * {@link #normalize} for an example. Accessor functions can refer to
- * <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the index of the minimum value of the specified array.
- */
-pv.min.index = function(array, f) {
-  if (f == pv.index) return 0;
-  if (!f) f = pv.identity;
-  var mini = -1, minx = Infinity, o = {};
-  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-    o.index = i;
-    var x = f.call(o, array[i]);
-    if (x < minx) {
-      minx = x;
-      mini = i;
-    }
-  }
-  return mini;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns the arithmetic mean, or average, of the specified array. If the
- * specified array is not an array of numbers, an optional accessor function
- * <tt>f</tt> can be specified to map the elements to numbers. See
- * {@link #normalize} for an example. Accessor functions can refer to
- * <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the mean of the specified array.
- */
-pv.mean = function(array, f) {
-  return pv.sum(array, f) / array.length;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the median of the specified array. If the specified array is not an
- * array of numbers, an optional accessor function <tt>f</tt> can be specified
- * to map the elements to numbers. See {@link #normalize} for an example.
- * Accessor functions can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of objects, or numbers.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {number} the median of the specified array.
- */
-pv.median = function(array, f) {
-  if (f == pv.index) return (array.length - 1) / 2;
-  array = map(array, f).sort(pv.naturalOrder);
-  if (array.length % 2) return array[Math.floor(array.length / 2)];
-  var i = array.length / 2;
-  return (array[i - 1] + array[i]) / 2;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a map constructed from the specified <tt>keys</tt>, using the
- * function <tt>f</tt> to compute the value for each key. The single argument to
- * the value function is the key. The callback is invoked only for indexes of
- * the array which have assigned values; it is not invoked for indexes which
- * have been deleted or which have never been assigned values.
- *
- * <p>For example, this expression creates a map from strings to string length:
- *
- * <pre>pv.dict(["one", "three", "seventeen"], function(s) s.length)</pre>
- *
- * The returned value is <tt>{one: 3, three: 5, seventeen: 9}</tt>. Accessor
- * functions can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} keys an array.
- * @param {function} f a value function.
- * @returns a map from keys to values.
- */
-pv.dict = function(keys, f) {
-  var m = {}, o = {};
-  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-    if (i in keys) {
-      var k = keys[i];
-      o.index = i;
-      m[k] = f.call(o, k);
-    }
-  }
-  return m;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a permutation of the specified array, using the specified array of
- * indexes. The returned array contains the corresponding element in
- * <tt>array</tt> for each index in <tt>indexes</tt>, in order. For example,
- *
- * <pre>pv.permute(["a", "b", "c"], [1, 2, 0])</pre>
- *
- * returns <tt>["b", "c", "a"]</tt>. It is acceptable for the array of indexes
- * to be a different length from the array of elements, and for indexes to be
- * duplicated or omitted. The optional accessor function <tt>f</tt> can be used
- * to perform a simultaneous mapping of the array elements. Accessor functions
- * can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array.
- * @param {number[]} indexes an array of indexes into <tt>array</tt>.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional accessor function.
- * @returns {array} an array of elements from <tt>array</tt>; a permutation.
- */
-pv.permute = function(array, indexes, f) {
-  if (!f) f = pv.identity;
-  var p = new Array(indexes.length), o = {};
-  indexes.forEach(function(j, i) { o.index = j; p[i] = f.call(o, array[j]); });
-  return p;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a map from key to index for the specified <tt>keys</tt> array. For
- * example,
- *
- * <pre>pv.numerate(["a", "b", "c"])</pre>
- *
- * returns <tt>{a: 0, b: 1, c: 2}</tt>. Note that since JavaScript maps only
- * support string keys, <tt>keys</tt> must contain strings, or other values that
- * naturally map to distinct string values. Alternatively, an optional accessor
- * function <tt>f</tt> can be specified to compute the string key for the given
- * element. Accessor functions can refer to <tt>this.index</tt>.
- *
- * @param {array} keys an array, usually of string keys.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional key function.
- * @returns a map from key to index.
- */
-pv.numerate = function(keys, f) {
-  if (!f) f = pv.identity;
-  var map = {}, o = {};
-  keys.forEach(function(x, i) { o.index = i; map[f.call(o, x)] = i; });
-  return map;
-};
-
-/**
- * The comparator function for natural order. This can be used in conjunction with
- * the built-in array <tt>sort</tt> method to sort elements by their natural
- * order, ascending. Note that if no comparator function is specified to the
- * built-in <tt>sort</tt> method, the default order is lexicographic, <i>not</i>
- * natural!
- *
- * @see <a
- * href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Global_Objects/Array/sort">Array.sort</a>.
- * @param a an element to compare.
- * @param b an element to compare.
- * @returns {number} negative if a &lt; b; positive if a &gt; b; otherwise 0.
- */
-pv.naturalOrder = function(a, b) {
-  return (a < b) ? -1 : ((a > b) ? 1 : 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * The comparator function for reverse natural order. This can be used in
- * conjunction with the built-in array <tt>sort</tt> method to sort elements by
- * their natural order, descending. Note that if no comparator function is
- * specified to the built-in <tt>sort</tt> method, the default order is
- * lexicographic, <i>not</i> natural!
- *
- * @see #naturalOrder
- * @param a an element to compare.
- * @param b an element to compare.
- * @returns {number} negative if a &lt; b; positive if a &gt; b; otherwise 0.
- */
-pv.reverseOrder = function(b, a) {
-  return (a < b) ? -1 : ((a > b) ? 1 : 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Computes the value of the specified CSS property <tt>p</tt> on the
- * specified element <tt>e</tt>.
- *
- * @param {string} p the name of the CSS property.
- * @param e the element on which to compute the CSS property.
- */
-pv.css = function(e, p) {
-  return window.getComputedStyle
-      ? window.getComputedStyle(e, null).getPropertyValue(p)
-      : e.currentStyle[p];
-};
-
-/**
- * Namespace constants for SVG, XMLNS, and XLINK.
- *
- * @namespace Namespace constants for SVG, XMLNS, and XLINK.
- */
-pv.ns = {
-  /**
-   * The SVG namespace, "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg".
-   *
-   * @type string
-   * @constant
-   */
-  svg: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
-
-  /**
-   * The XMLNS namespace, "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns".
-   *
-   * @type string
-   * @constant
-   */
-  xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns",
-
-  /**
-   * The XLINK namespace, "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink".
-   *
-   * @type string
-   * @constant
-   */
-  xlink: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
-};
-
-/**
- * Protovis major and minor version numbers.
- *
- * @namespace Protovis major and minor version numbers.
- */
-pv.version = {
-  /**
-   * The major version number.
-   *
-   * @type number
-   * @constant
-   */
-  major: 3,
-
-  /**
-   * The minor version number.
-   *
-   * @type number
-   * @constant
-   */
-  minor: 1
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Reports the specified error to the JavaScript console. Mozilla only
- * allows logging to the console for privileged code; if the console is
- * unavailable, the alert dialog box is used instead.
- *
- * @param e the exception that triggered the error.
- */
-pv.error = function(e) {
-  (typeof console == "undefined") ? alert(e) : console.error(e);
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Registers the specified listener for events of the specified type on
- * the specified target. For standards-compliant browsers, this method uses
- * <tt>addEventListener</tt>; for Internet Explorer, <tt>attachEvent</tt>.
- *
- * @param target a DOM element.
- * @param {string} type the type of event, such as "click".
- * @param {function} the listener callback function.
- */
-pv.listen = function(target, type, listener) {
-  return target.addEventListener
-    ? target.addEventListener(type, listener, false)
-    : target.attachEvent("on" + type, listener);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the logarithm with a given base value.
- *
- * @param {number} x the number for which to compute the logarithm.
- * @param {number} b the base of the logarithm.
- * @returns {number} the logarithm value.
- */
-pv.log = function(x, b) {
-  return Math.log(x) / Math.log(b);
-};
-
-/**
- * Computes a zero-symmetric logarithm. Computes the logarithm of the absolute
- * value of the input, and determines the sign of the output according to the
- * sign of the input value.
- *
- * @param {number} x the number for which to compute the logarithm.
- * @param {number} b the base of the logarithm.
- * @returns {number} the symmetric log value.
- */
-pv.logSymmetric = function(x, b) {
-  return (x == 0) ? 0 : ((x < 0) ? -pv.log(-x, b) : pv.log(x, b));
-};
-
-/**
- * Computes a zero-symmetric logarithm, with adjustment to values between zero
- * and the logarithm base. This adjustment introduces distortion for values less
- * than the base number, but enables simultaneous plotting of log-transformed
- * data involving both positive and negative numbers.
- *
- * @param {number} x the number for which to compute the logarithm.
- * @param {number} b the base of the logarithm.
- * @returns {number} the adjusted, symmetric log value.
- */
-pv.logAdjusted = function(x, b) {
-  var negative = x < 0;
-  if (x < b) x += (b - x) / b;
-  return negative ? -pv.log(x, b) : pv.log(x, b);
-};
-
-/**
- * Rounds an input value down according to its logarithm. The method takes the
- * floor of the logarithm of the value and then uses the resulting value as an
- * exponent for the base value.
- *
- * @param {number} x the number for which to compute the logarithm floor.
- * @param {number} b the base of the logarithm.
- * @return {number} the rounded-by-logarithm value.
- */
-pv.logFloor = function(x, b) {
-  return (x > 0)
-      ? Math.pow(b, Math.floor(pv.log(x, b)))
-      : -Math.pow(b, -Math.floor(-pv.log(-x, b)));
-};
-
-/**
- * Rounds an input value up according to its logarithm. The method takes the
- * ceiling of the logarithm of the value and then uses the resulting value as an
- * exponent for the base value.
- *
- * @param {number} x the number for which to compute the logarithm ceiling.
- * @param {number} b the base of the logarithm.
- * @return {number} the rounded-by-logarithm value.
- */
-pv.logCeil = function(x, b) {
-  return (x > 0)
-      ? Math.pow(b, Math.ceil(pv.log(x, b)))
-      : -Math.pow(b, -Math.ceil(-pv.log(-x, b)));
-};
-
-/**
- * Searches the specified array of numbers for the specified value using the
- * binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by the <tt>sort</tt>
- * method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are
- * undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value,
- * there is no guarantee which one will be found.
- *
- * <p>The <i>insertion point</i> is defined as the point at which the value
- * would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than
- * the value, or <tt>array.length</tt>, if all elements in the array are less
- * than the specified value. Note that this guarantees that the return value
- * will be nonnegative if and only if the value is found.
- *
- * @param {number[]} array the array to be searched.
- * @param {number} value the value to be searched for.
- * @returns the index of the search value, if it is contained in the array;
- * otherwise, (-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1).
- * @param {function} [f] an optional key function.
- */
-pv.search = function(array, value, f) {
-  if (!f) f = pv.identity;
-  var low = 0, high = array.length - 1;
-  while (low <= high) {
-    var mid = (low + high) >> 1, midValue = f(array[mid]);
-    if (midValue < value) low = mid + 1;
-    else if (midValue > value) high = mid - 1;
-    else return mid;
-  }
-  return -low - 1;
-};
-
-pv.search.index = function(array, value, f) {
-  var i = pv.search(array, value, f);
-  return (i < 0) ? (-i - 1) : i;
-};
-/**
- * Returns a {@link pv.Tree} operator for the specified array. This is a
- * convenience factory method, equivalent to <tt>new pv.Tree(array)</tt>.
- *
- * @see pv.Tree
- * @param {array} array an array from which to construct a tree.
- * @returns {pv.Tree} a tree operator for the specified array.
- */
-pv.tree = function(array) {
-  return new pv.Tree(array);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a tree operator for the specified array. This constructor should
- * not be invoked directly; use {@link pv.tree} instead.
- *
- * @class Represents a tree operator for the specified array. The tree operator
- * allows a hierarchical map to be constructed from an array; it is similar to
- * the {@link pv.Nest} operator, except the hierarchy is derived dynamically
- * from the array elements.
- *
- * <p>For example, given an array of size information for ActionScript classes:
- *
- * <pre>{ name: "flare.flex.FlareVis", size: 4116 },
- * { name: "flare.physics.DragForce", size: 1082 },
- * { name: "flare.physics.GravityForce", size: 1336 }, ...</pre>
- *
- * To facilitate visualization, it may be useful to nest the elements by their
- * package hierarchy:
- *
- * <pre>var tree = pv.tree(classes)
- *     .keys(function(d) d.name.split("."))
- *     .map();</pre>
- *
- * The resulting tree is:
- *
- * <pre>{ flare: {
- *     flex: {
- *       FlareVis: {
- *         name: "flare.flex.FlareVis",
- *         size: 4116 } },
- *     physics: {
- *       DragForce: {
- *         name: "flare.physics.DragForce",
- *         size: 1082 },
- *       GravityForce: {
- *         name: "flare.physics.GravityForce",
- *         size: 1336 } },
- *     ... } }</pre>
- *
- * By specifying a value function,
- *
- * <pre>var tree = pv.tree(classes)
- *     .keys(function(d) d.name.split("."))
- *     .value(function(d) d.size)
- *     .map();</pre>
- *
- * we can further eliminate redundant data:
- *
- * <pre>{ flare: {
- *     flex: {
- *       FlareVis: 4116 },
- *     physics: {
- *       DragForce: 1082,
- *       GravityForce: 1336 },
- *   ... } }</pre>
- *
- * For visualizations with large data sets, performance improvements may be seen
- * by storing the data in a tree format, and then flattening it into an array at
- * runtime with {@link pv.Flatten}.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array from which to construct a tree.
- */
-pv.Tree = function(array) {
-  this.array = array;
-};
-
-/**
- * Assigns a <i>keys</i> function to this operator; required. The keys function
- * returns an array of <tt>string</tt>s for each element in the associated
- * array; these keys determine how the elements are nested in the tree. The
- * returned keys should be unique for each element in the array; otherwise, the
- * behavior of this operator is undefined.
- *
- * @param {function} k the keys function.
- * @returns {pv.Tree} this.
- */
-pv.Tree.prototype.keys = function(k) {
-  this.k = k;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Assigns a <i>value</i> function to this operator; optional. The value
- * function specifies an optional transformation of the element in the array
- * before it is inserted into the map. If no value function is specified, it is
- * equivalent to using the identity function.
- *
- * @param {function} k the value function.
- * @returns {pv.Tree} this.
- */
-pv.Tree.prototype.value = function(v) {
-  this.v = v;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a hierarchical map of values. The hierarchy is determined by the keys
- * function; the values in the map are determined by the value function.
- *
- * @returns a hierarchical map of values.
- */
-pv.Tree.prototype.map = function() {
-  var map = {}, o = {};
-  for (var i = 0; i < this.array.length; i++) {
-    o.index = i;
-    var value = this.array[i], keys = this.k.call(o, value), node = map;
-    for (var j = 0; j < keys.length - 1; j++) {
-      node = node[keys[j]] || (node[keys[j]] = {});
-    }
-    node[keys[j]] = this.v ? this.v.call(o, value) : value;
-  }
-  return map;
-};
-/**
- * Returns a {@link pv.Nest} operator for the specified array. This is a
- * convenience factory method, equivalent to <tt>new pv.Nest(array)</tt>.
- *
- * @see pv.Nest
- * @param {array} array an array of elements to nest.
- * @returns {pv.Nest} a nest operator for the specified array.
- */
-pv.nest = function(array) {
-  return new pv.Nest(array);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a nest operator for the specified array. This constructor should
- * not be invoked directly; use {@link pv.nest} instead.
- *
- * @class Represents a {@link Nest} operator for the specified array. Nesting
- * allows elements in an array to be grouped into a hierarchical tree
- * structure. The levels in the tree are specified by <i>key</i> functions. The
- * leaf nodes of the tree can be sorted by value, while the internal nodes can
- * be sorted by key. Finally, the tree can be returned either has a
- * multidimensional array via {@link #entries}, or as a hierarchical map via
- * {@link #map}. The {@link #rollup} routine similarly returns a map, collapsing
- * the elements in each leaf node using a summary function.
- *
- * <p>For example, consider the following tabular data structure of Barley
- * yields, from various sites in Minnesota during 1931-2:
- *
- * <pre>{ yield: 27.00, variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, site: "University Farm" },
- * { yield: 48.87, variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, site: "Waseca" },
- * { yield: 27.43, variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, site: "Morris" }, ...</pre>
- *
- * To facilitate visualization, it may be useful to nest the elements first by
- * year, and then by variety, as follows:
- *
- * <pre>var nest = pv.nest(yields)
- *     .key(function(d) d.year)
- *     .key(function(d) d.variety)
- *     .entries();</pre>
- *
- * This returns a nested array. Each element of the outer array is a key-values
- * pair, listing the values for each distinct key:
- *
- * <pre>{ key: 1931, values: [
- *   { key: "Manchuria", values: [
- *       { yield: 27.00, variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, site: "University Farm" },
- *       { yield: 48.87, variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, site: "Waseca" },
- *       { yield: 27.43, variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, site: "Morris" },
- *       ...
- *     ] },
- *   { key: "Glabron", values: [
- *       { yield: 43.07, variety: "Glabron", year: 1931, site: "University Farm" },
- *       { yield: 55.20, variety: "Glabron", year: 1931, site: "Waseca" },
- *       ...
- *     ] },
- *   ] },
- * { key: 1932, values: ... }</pre>
- *
- * Further details, including sorting and rollup, is provided below on the
- * corresponding methods.
- *
- * @param {array} array an array of elements to nest.
- */
-pv.Nest = function(array) {
-  this.array = array;
-  this.keys = [];
-};
-
-/**
- * Nests using the specified key function. Multiple keys may be added to the
- * nest; the array elements will be nested in the order keys are specified.
- *
- * @param {function} key a key function; must return a string or suitable map
- * key.
- * @return {pv.Nest} this.
- */
-pv.Nest.prototype.key = function(key) {
-  this.keys.push(key);
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Sorts the previously-added keys. The natural sort order is used by default
- * (see {@link pv.naturalOrder}); if an alternative order is desired,
- * <tt>order</tt> should be a comparator function. If this method is not called
- * (i.e., keys are <i>unsorted</i>), keys will appear in the order they appear
- * in the underlying elements array. For example,
- *
- * <pre>pv.nest(yields)
- *     .key(function(d) d.year)
- *     .key(function(d) d.variety)
- *     .sortKeys()
- *     .entries()</pre>
- *
- * groups yield data by year, then variety, and sorts the variety groups
- * lexicographically (since the variety attribute is a string).
- *
- * <p>Key sort order is only used in conjunction with {@link #entries}, which
- * returns an array of key-values pairs. If the nest is used to construct a
- * {@link #map} instead, keys are unsorted.
- *
- * @param {function} [order] an optional comparator function.
- * @returns {pv.Nest} this.
- */
-pv.Nest.prototype.sortKeys = function(order) {
-  this.keys[this.keys.length - 1].order = order || pv.naturalOrder;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Sorts the leaf values. The natural sort order is used by default (see
- * {@link pv.naturalOrder}); if an alternative order is desired, <tt>order</tt>
- * should be a comparator function. If this method is not called (i.e., values
- * are <i>unsorted</i>), values will appear in the order they appear in the
- * underlying elements array. For example,
- *
- * <pre>pv.nest(yields)
- *     .key(function(d) d.year)
- *     .key(function(d) d.variety)
- *     .sortValues(function(a, b) a.yield - b.yield)
- *     .entries()</pre>
- *
- * groups yield data by year, then variety, and sorts the values for each
- * variety group by yield.
- *
- * <p>Value sort order, unlike keys, applies to both {@link #entries} and
- * {@link #map}. It has no effect on {@link #rollup}.
- *
- * @param {function} [order] an optional comparator function.
- * @return {pv.Nest} this.
- */
-pv.Nest.prototype.sortValues = function(order) {
-  this.order = order || pv.naturalOrder;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a hierarchical map of values. Each key adds one level to the
- * hierarchy. With only a single key, the returned map will have a key for each
- * distinct value of the key function; the correspond value with be an array of
- * elements with that key value. If a second key is added, this will be a nested
- * map. For example:
- *
- * <pre>pv.nest(yields)
- *     .key(function(d) d.variety)
- *     .key(function(d) d.site)
- *     .map()</pre>
- *
- * returns a map <tt>m</tt> such that <tt>m[variety][site]</tt> is an array, a subset of
- * <tt>yields</tt>, with each element having the given variety and site.
- *
- * @returns a hierarchical map of values.
- */
-pv.Nest.prototype.map = function() {
-  var map = {}, values = [];
-
-  /* Build the map. */
-  for (var i, j = 0; j < this.array.length; j++) {
-    var x = this.array[j];
-    var m = map;
-    for (i = 0; i < this.keys.length - 1; i++) {
-      var k = this.keys[i](x);
-      if (!m[k]) m[k] = {};
-      m = m[k];
-    }
-    k = this.keys[i](x);
-    if (!m[k]) {
-      var a = [];
-      values.push(a);
-      m[k] = a;
-    }
-    m[k].push(x);
-  }
-
-  /* Sort each leaf array. */
-  if (this.order) {
-    for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
-      values[i].sort(this.order);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return map;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a hierarchical nested array. This method is similar to
- * {@link pv.entries}, but works recursively on the entire hierarchy. Rather
- * than returning a map like {@link #map}, this method returns a nested
- * array. Each element of the array has a <tt>key</tt> and <tt>values</tt>
- * field. For leaf nodes, the <tt>values</tt> array will be a subset of the
- * underlying elements array; for non-leaf nodes, the <tt>values</tt> array will
- * contain more key-values pairs.
- *
- * <p>For an example usage, see the {@link Nest} constructor.
- *
- * @returns a hierarchical nested array.
- */
-pv.Nest.prototype.entries = function() {
-
-  /** Recursively extracts the entries for the given map. */
-  function entries(map) {
-    var array = [];
-    for (var k in map) {
-      var v = map[k];
-      array.push({ key: k, values: (v instanceof Array) ? v : entries(v) });
-    };
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  /** Recursively sorts the values for the given key-values array. */
-  function sort(array, i) {
-    var o = this.keys[i].order;
-    if (o) array.sort(function(a, b) { return o(a.key, b.key); });
-    if (++i < this.keys.length) {
-      for (var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
-        sort.call(this, array[j].values, i);
-      }
-    }
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  return sort.call(this, entries(this.map()), 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a rollup map. The behavior of this method is the same as
- * {@link #map}, except that the leaf values are replaced with the return value
- * of the specified rollup function <tt>f</tt>. For example,
- *
- * <pre>pv.nest(yields)
- *      .key(function(d) d.site)
- *      .rollup(function(v) pv.median(v, function(d) d.yield))</pre>
- *
- * first groups yield data by site, and then returns a map from site to median
- * yield for the given site.
- *
- * @see #map
- * @param {function} f a rollup function.
- * @returns a hierarchical map, with the leaf values computed by <tt>f</tt>.
- */
-pv.Nest.prototype.rollup = function(f) {
-
-  /** Recursively descends to the leaf nodes (arrays) and does rollup. */
-  function rollup(map) {
-    for (var key in map) {
-      var value = map[key];
-      if (value instanceof Array) {
-        map[key] = f(value);
-      } else {
-        rollup(value);
-      }
-    }
-    return map;
-  }
-
-  return rollup(this.map());
-};
-/**
- * Returns a {@link pv.Flatten} operator for the specified map. This is a
- * convenience factory method, equivalent to <tt>new pv.Flatten(map)</tt>.
- *
- * @see pv.Flatten
- * @param map a map to flatten.
- * @returns {pv.Flatten} a flatten operator for the specified map.
- */
-pv.flatten = function(map) {
-  return new pv.Flatten(map);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a flatten operator for the specified map. This constructor should
- * not be invoked directly; use {@link pv.flatten} instead.
- *
- * @class Represents a flatten operator for the specified array. Flattening
- * allows hierarchical maps to be flattened into an array. The levels in the
- * input tree are specified by <i>key</i> functions.
- *
- * <p>For example, consider the following hierarchical data structure of Barley
- * yields, from various sites in Minnesota during 1931-2:
- *
- * <pre>{ 1931: {
- *     Manchuria: {
- *       "University Farm": 27.00,
- *       "Waseca": 48.87,
- *       "Morris": 27.43,
- *       ... },
- *     Glabron: {
- *       "University Farm": 43.07,
- *       "Waseca": 55.20,
- *       ... } },
- *   1932: {
- *     ... } }</pre>
- *
- * To facilitate visualization, it may be useful to flatten the tree into a
- * tabular array:
- *
- * <pre>var array = pv.flatten(yields)
- *     .key("year")
- *     .key("variety")
- *     .key("site")
- *     .key("yield")
- *     .array();</pre>
- *
- * This returns an array of object elements. Each element in the array has
- * attributes corresponding to this flatten operator's keys:
- *
- * <pre>{ site: "University Farm", variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, yield: 27 },
- * { site: "Waseca", variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, yield: 48.87 },
- * { site: "Morris", variety: "Manchuria", year: 1931, yield: 27.43 },
- * { site: "University Farm", variety: "Glabron", year: 1931, yield: 43.07 },
- * { site: "Waseca", variety: "Glabron", year: 1931, yield: 55.2 }, ...</pre>
- *
- * <p>The flatten operator is roughly the inverse of the {@link pv.Nest} and
- * {@link pv.Tree} operators.
- *
- * @param map a map to flatten.
- */
-pv.Flatten = function(map) {
-  this.map = map;
-  this.keys = [];
-};
-
-/**
- * Flattens using the specified key function. Multiple keys may be added to the
- * flatten; the tiers of the underlying tree must correspond to the specified
- * keys, in order. The order of the returned array is undefined; however, you
- * can easily sort it.
- *
- * @param {string} key the key name.
- * @param {function} [f] an optional value map function.
- * @return {pv.Nest} this.
- */
-pv.Flatten.prototype.key = function(key, f) {
-  this.keys.push({name: key, value: f});
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the flattened array. Each entry in the array is an object; each
- * object has attributes corresponding to this flatten operator's keys.
- *
- * @returns an array of elements from the flattened map.
- */
-pv.Flatten.prototype.array = function() {
-  var entries = [], stack = [], keys = this.keys;
-
-  /* Recursively visits the specified value. */
-  function visit(value, i) {
-    if (i < keys.length - 1) {
-      for (var key in value) {
-        stack.push(key);
-        visit(value[key], i + 1);
-        stack.pop();
-      }
-    } else {
-      entries.push(stack.concat(value));
-    }
-  }
-
-  visit(this.map, 0);
-  return entries.map(function(stack) {
-      var m = {};
-      for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-        var k = keys[i], v = stack[i];
-        m[k.name] = k.value ? k.value.call(null, v) : v;
-      }
-      return m;
-    });
-};
-/**
- * Returns a {@link pv.Vector} for the specified <i>x</i> and <i>y</i>
- * coordinate. This is a convenience factory method, equivalent to <tt>new
- * pv.Vector(x, y)</tt>.
- *
- * @see pv.Vector
- * @param {number} x the <i>x</i> coordinate.
- * @param {number} y the <i>y</i> coordinate.
- * @returns {pv.Vector} a vector for the specified coordinates.
- */
-pv.vector = function(x, y) {
-  return new pv.Vector(x, y);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a {@link pv.Vector} for the specified <i>x</i> and <i>y</i>
- * coordinate. This constructor should not be invoked directly; use
- * {@link pv.vector} instead.
- *
- * @class Represents a two-dimensional vector; a 2-tuple <i>&#x27e8;x,
- * y&#x27e9;</i>.
- *
- * @param {number} x the <i>x</i> coordinate.
- * @param {number} y the <i>y</i> coordinate.
- */
-pv.Vector = function(x, y) {
-  this.x = x;
-  this.y = y;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a vector perpendicular to this vector: <i>&#x27e8;-y, x&#x27e9;</i>.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Vector} a perpendicular vector.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.perp = function() {
-  return new pv.Vector(-this.y, this.x);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a normalized copy of this vector: a vector with the same direction,
- * but unit length. If this vector has zero length this method returns a copy of
- * this vector.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Vector} a unit vector.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.norm = function() {
-  var l = this.length();
-  return this.times(l ? (1 / l) : 1);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the magnitude of this vector, defined as <i>sqrt(x * x + y * y)</i>.
- *
- * @returns {number} a length.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.length = function() {
-  return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a scaled copy of this vector: <i>&#x27e8;x * k, y * k&#x27e9;</i>.
- * To perform the equivalent divide operation, use <i>1 / k</i>.
- *
- * @param {number} k the scale factor.
- * @returns {pv.Vector} a scaled vector.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.times = function(k) {
-  return new pv.Vector(this.x * k, this.y * k);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns this vector plus the vector <i>v</i>: <i>&#x27e8;x + v.x, y +
- * v.y&#x27e9;</i>. If only one argument is specified, it is interpreted as the
- * vector <i>v</i>.
- *
- * @param {number} x the <i>x</i> coordinate to add.
- * @param {number} y the <i>y</i> coordinate to add.
- * @returns {pv.Vector} a new vector.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.plus = function(x, y) {
-  return (arguments.length == 1)
-      ? new pv.Vector(this.x + x.x, this.y + x.y)
-      : new pv.Vector(this.x + x, this.y + y);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns this vector minus the vector <i>v</i>: <i>&#x27e8;x - v.x, y -
- * v.y&#x27e9;</i>. If only one argument is specified, it is interpreted as the
- * vector <i>v</i>.
- *
- * @param {number} x the <i>x</i> coordinate to subtract.
- * @param {number} y the <i>y</i> coordinate to subtract.
- * @returns {pv.Vector} a new vector.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.minus = function(x, y) {
-  return (arguments.length == 1)
-      ? new pv.Vector(this.x - x.x, this.y - x.y)
-      : new pv.Vector(this.x - x, this.y - y);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the dot product of this vector and the vector <i>v</i>: <i>x * v.x +
- * y * v.y</i>. If only one argument is specified, it is interpreted as the
- * vector <i>v</i>.
- *
- * @param {number} x the <i>x</i> coordinate to dot.
- * @param {number} y the <i>y</i> coordinate to dot.
- * @returns {number} a dot product.
- */
-pv.Vector.prototype.dot = function(x, y) {
-  return (arguments.length == 1)
-      ? this.x * x.x + this.y * x.y
-      : this.x * x + this.y * y;
-};
-// TODO code-sharing between scales
-
-/**
- * @ignore
- * @class
- */
-pv.Scale = function() {};
-
-/**
- * @private Returns a function that interpolators from the start value to the
- * end value, given a parameter <i>t</i> in [0, 1].
- *
- * @param start the start value.
- * @param end the end value.
- */
-pv.Scale.interpolator = function(start, end) {
-  if (typeof start == "number") {
-    return function(t) {
-      return t * (end - start) + start;
-    };
-  }
-
-  /* For now, assume color. */
-  start = pv.color(start).rgb();
-  end = pv.color(end).rgb();
-  return function(t) {
-    var a = start.a * (1 - t) + end.a * t;
-    if (a < 1e-5) a = 0; // avoid scientific notation
-    return (start.a == 0) ? pv.rgb(end.r, end.g, end.b, a)
-        : ((end.a == 0) ? pv.rgb(start.r, start.g, start.b, a)
-        : pv.rgb(
-            Math.round(start.r * (1 - t) + end.r * t),
-            Math.round(start.g * (1 - t) + end.g * t),
-            Math.round(start.b * (1 - t) + end.b * t), a));
-  };
-};
-/**
- * Returns a linear scale for the specified domain. The arguments to this
- * constructor are optional, and equivalent to calling {@link #domain}.
- *
- * @class Represents a linear scale. <style
- * type="text/css">sub{line-height:0}</style> <img src="../linear.png"
- * width="180" height="175" align="right"> Most commonly, a linear scale
- * represents a 1-dimensional linear transformation from a numeric domain of
- * input data [<i>d<sub>0</sub></i>, <i>d<sub>1</sub></i>] to a numeric range of
- * pixels [<i>r<sub>0</sub></i>, <i>r<sub>1</sub></i>]. The equation for such a
- * scale is:
- *
- * <blockquote><i>f(x) = (x - d<sub>0</sub>) / (d<sub>1</sub> - d<sub>0</sub>) *
- * (r<sub>1</sub> - r<sub>0</sub>) + r<sub>0</sub></i></blockquote>
- *
- * For example, a linear scale from the domain [0, 100] to range [0, 640]:
- *
- * <blockquote><i>f(x) = (x - 0) / (100 - 0) * (640 - 0) + 0</i><br>
- * <i>f(x) = x / 100 * 640</i><br>
- * <i>f(x) = x * 6.4</i><br>
- * </blockquote>
- *
- * Thus, saying
- *
- * <pre>.height(function(d) d * 6.4)</pre>
- *
- * is identical to
- *
- * <pre>.height(pv.Scale.linear(0, 100).range(0, 640))</pre>
- *
- * As you can see, scales do not always make code smaller, but they should make
- * code more explicit and easier to maintain. In addition to readability, scales
- * offer several useful features:
- *
- * <p>1. The range can be expressed in colors, rather than pixels. Changing the
- * example above to
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Scale.linear(0, 100).range("red", "green"))</pre>
- *
- * will cause it to fill the marks "red" on an input value of 0, "green" on an
- * input value of 100, and some color in-between for intermediate values.
- *
- * <p>2. The domain and range can be subdivided for a "poly-linear"
- * transformation. For example, you may want a diverging color scale that is
- * increasingly red for negative values, and increasingly green for positive
- * values:
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Scale.linear(-1, 0, 1).range("red", "white", "green"))</pre>
- *
- * The domain can be specified as a series of <i>n</i> monotonically-increasing
- * values; the range must also be specified as <i>n</i> values, resulting in
- * <i>n - 1</i> contiguous linear scales.
- *
- * <p>3. Linear scales can be inverted for interaction. The {@link #invert}
- * method takes a value in the output range, and returns the corresponding value
- * in the input domain. This is frequently used to convert the mouse location
- * (see {@link pv.Mark#mouse}) to a value in the input domain. Note that
- * inversion is only supported for numeric ranges, and not colors.
- *
- * <p>4. A scale can be queried for reasonable "tick" values. The {@link #ticks}
- * method provides a convenient way to get a series of evenly-spaced rounded
- * values in the input domain. Frequently these are used in conjunction with
- * {@link pv.Rule} to display tick marks or grid lines.
- *
- * <p>5. A scale can be "niced" to extend the domain to suitable rounded
- * numbers. If the minimum and maximum of the domain are messy because they are
- * derived from data, you can use {@link #nice} to round these values down and
- * up to even numbers.
- *
- * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
- * @returns {pv.Scale.linear} a linear scale.
- */
-pv.Scale.linear = function() {
-  var d = [0, 1], r = [0, 1], i = [pv.identity], precision = 0;
-
-  /** @private */
-  function scale(x) {
-    var j = pv.search(d, x);
-    if (j < 0) j = -j - 2;
-    j = Math.max(0, Math.min(i.length - 1, j));
-    return i[j]((x - d[j]) / (d[j + 1] - d[j]));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the input domain. This method can be invoked several ways:
-   *
-   * <p>1. <tt>domain(min, ..., max)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Specifying the domain as a series of numbers is the most explicit and
-   * recommended approach. Most commonly, two numbers are specified: the minimum
-   * and maximum value. However, for a diverging scale, or other subdivided
-   * poly-linear scales, multiple values can be specified. Values can be derived
-   * from data using {@link pv.min} and {@link pv.max}. For example:
-   *
-   * <pre>.domain(0, pv.max(array))</pre>
-   *
-   * An alternative method for deriving minimum and maximum values from data
-   * follows.
-   *
-   * <p>2. <tt>domain(array, minf, maxf)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>When both the minimum and maximum value are derived from data, the
-   * arguments to the <tt>domain</tt> method can be specified as the array of
-   * data, followed by zero, one or two accessor functions. For example, if the
-   * array of data is just an array of numbers:
-   *
-   * <pre>.domain(array)</pre>
-   *
-   * On the other hand, if the array elements are objects representing stock
-   * values per day, and the domain should consider the stock's daily low and
-   * daily high:
-   *
-   * <pre>.domain(array, function(d) d.low, function(d) d.high)</pre>
-   *
-   * The first method of setting the domain is preferred because it is more
-   * explicit; setting the domain using this second method should be used only
-   * if brevity is required.
-   *
-   * <p>3. <tt>domain()</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Invoking the <tt>domain</tt> method with no arguments returns the
-   * current domain as an array of numbers.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.domain
-   * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.linear} <tt>this</tt>, or the current domain.
-   */
-  scale.domain = function(array, min, max) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      if (array instanceof Array) {
-        if (arguments.length < 2) min = pv.identity;
-        if (arguments.length < 3) max = min;
-        d = [pv.min(array, min), pv.max(array, max)];
-      } else {
-        d = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-      }
-      return this;
-    }
-    return d;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the output range. This method can be invoked several ways:
-   *
-   * <p>1. <tt>range(min, ..., max)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>The range may be specified as a series of numbers or colors. Most
-   * commonly, two numbers are specified: the minimum and maximum pixel values.
-   * For a color scale, values may be specified as {@link pv.Color}s or
-   * equivalent strings. For a diverging scale, or other subdivided poly-linear
-   * scales, multiple values can be specified. For example:
-   *
-   * <pre>.range("red", "white", "green")</pre>
-   *
-   * <p>Currently, only numbers and colors are supported as range values. The
-   * number of range values must exactly match the number of domain values, or
-   * the behavior of the scale is undefined.
-   *
-   * <p>2. <tt>range()</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Invoking the <tt>range</tt> method with no arguments returns the current
-   * range as an array of numbers or colors.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.range
-   * @param {...} range... range values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.linear} <tt>this</tt>, or the current range.
-   */
-  scale.range = function() {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      r = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-      i = [];
-      for (var j = 0; j < r.length - 1; j++) {
-        i.push(pv.Scale.interpolator(r[j], r[j + 1]));
-      }
-      return this;
-    }
-    return r;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Inverts the specified value in the output range, returning the
-   * corresponding value in the input domain. This is frequently used to convert
-   * the mouse location (see {@link pv.Mark#mouse}) to a value in the input
-   * domain. Inversion is only supported for numeric ranges, and not colors.
-   *
-   * <p>Note that this method does not do any rounding or bounds checking. If
-   * the input domain is discrete (e.g., an array index), the returned value
-   * should be rounded. If the specified <tt>y</tt> value is outside the range,
-   * the returned value may be equivalently outside the input domain.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.invert
-   * @param {number} y a value in the output range (a pixel location).
-   * @returns {number} a value in the input domain.
-   */
-  scale.invert = function(y) {
-    var j = pv.search(r, y);
-    if (j < 0) j = -j - 2;
-    j = Math.max(0, Math.min(i.length - 1, j));
-    return (y - r[j]) / (r[j + 1] - r[j]) * (d[j + 1] - d[j]) + d[j];
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Returns an array of evenly-spaced, suitably-rounded values in the input
-   * domain. This method attempts to return between 5 and 10 tick values. These
-   * values are frequently used in conjunction with {@link pv.Rule} to display
-   * tick marks or grid lines.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.ticks
-   * @returns {number[]} an array input domain values to use as ticks.
-   */
-  scale.ticks = function() {
-    var min = d[0],
-        max = d[d.length - 1],
-        span = max - min,
-        step = pv.logCeil(span / 10, 10);
-    if (span / step < 2) step /= 5;
-    else if (span / step < 5) step /= 2;
-    var start = Math.ceil(min / step) * step,
-        end = Math.floor(max / step) * step;
-    precision = Math.max(0, -Math.floor(pv.log(step, 10) + .01));
-    return pv.range(start, end + step, step);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Formats the specified tick value using the appropriate precision, based on
-   * the step interval between tick marks.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.tickFormat
-   * @param {number} t a tick value.
-   * @return {string} a formatted tick value.
-   */
-  scale.tickFormat = function(t) {
-    return t.toFixed(precision);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * "Nices" this scale, extending the bounds of the input domain to
-   * evenly-rounded values. Nicing is useful if the domain is computed
-   * dynamically from data, and may be irregular. For example, given a domain of
-   * [0.20147987687960267, 0.996679553296417], a call to <tt>nice()</tt> might
-   * extend the domain to [0.2, 1].
-   *
-   * <p>This method must be invoked each time after setting the domain.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.nice
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.linear} <tt>this</tt>.
-   */
-  scale.nice = function() {
-    var min = d[0],
-        max = d[d.length - 1],
-        step = Math.pow(10, Math.round(Math.log(max - min) / Math.log(10)) - 1);
-    d = [Math.floor(min / step) * step, Math.ceil(max / step) * step];
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a view of this scale by the specified accessor function <tt>f</tt>.
-   * Given a scale <tt>y</tt>, <tt>y.by(function(d) d.foo)</tt> is equivalent to
-   * <tt>function(d) y(d.foo)</tt>.
-   *
-   * <p>This method is provided for convenience, such that scales can be
-   * succinctly defined inline. For example, given an array of data elements
-   * that have a <tt>score</tt> attribute with the domain [0, 1], the height
-   * property could be specified as:
-   *
-   * <pre>.height(pv.Scale.linear().range(0, 480).by(function(d) d.score))</pre>
-   *
-   * This is equivalent to:
-   *
-   * <pre>.height(function(d) d.score * 480)</pre>
-   *
-   * This method should be used judiciously; it is typically more clear to
-   * invoke the scale directly, passing in the value to be scaled.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.linear.prototype.by
-   * @param {function} f an accessor function.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.linear} a view of this scale by the specified accessor
-   * function.
-   */
-  scale.by = function(f) {
-    function by() { return scale(f.apply(this, arguments)); }
-    for (var method in scale) by[method] = scale[method];
-    return by;
-  };
-
-  scale.domain.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-/**
- * Returns a log scale for the specified domain. The arguments to this
- * constructor are optional, and equivalent to calling {@link #domain}.
- *
- * @class Represents a log scale. <style
- * type="text/css">sub{line-height:0}</style> <img src="../log.png"
- * width="190" height="175" align="right"> Most commonly, a log scale represents
- * a 1-dimensional log transformation from a numeric domain of input data
- * [<i>d<sub>0</sub></i>, <i>d<sub>1</sub></i>] to a numeric range of pixels
- * [<i>r<sub>0</sub></i>, <i>r<sub>1</sub></i>]. The equation for such a scale
- * is:
- *
- * <blockquote><i>f(x) = (log(x) - log(d<sub>0</sub>)) / (log(d<sub>1</sub>) -
- * log(d<sub>0</sub>)) * (r<sub>1</sub> - r<sub>0</sub>) +
- * r<sub>0</sub></i></blockquote>
- *
- * where <i>log(x)</i> represents the zero-symmetric logarthim of <i>x</i> using
- * the scale's associated base (default: 10, see {@link pv.logSymmetric}). For
- * example, a log scale from the domain [1, 100] to range [0, 640]:
- *
- * <blockquote><i>f(x) = (log(x) - log(1)) / (log(100) - log(1)) * (640 - 0) + 0</i><br>
- * <i>f(x) = log(x) / 2 * 640</i><br>
- * <i>f(x) = log(x) * 320</i><br>
- * </blockquote>
- *
- * Thus, saying
- *
- * <pre>.height(function(d) Math.log(d) * 138.974)</pre>
- *
- * is equivalent to
- *
- * <pre>.height(pv.Scale.log(1, 100).range(0, 640))</pre>
- *
- * As you can see, scales do not always make code smaller, but they should make
- * code more explicit and easier to maintain. In addition to readability, scales
- * offer several useful features:
- *
- * <p>1. The range can be expressed in colors, rather than pixels. Changing the
- * example above to
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Scale.log(1, 100).range("red", "green"))</pre>
- *
- * will cause it to fill the marks "red" on an input value of 1, "green" on an
- * input value of 100, and some color in-between for intermediate values.
- *
- * <p>2. The domain and range can be subdivided for a "poly-log"
- * transformation. For example, you may want a diverging color scale that is
- * increasingly red for small values, and increasingly green for large values:
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Scale.log(1, 10, 100).range("red", "white", "green"))</pre>
- *
- * The domain can be specified as a series of <i>n</i> monotonically-increasing
- * values; the range must also be specified as <i>n</i> values, resulting in
- * <i>n - 1</i> contiguous log scales.
- *
- * <p>3. Log scales can be inverted for interaction. The {@link #invert} method
- * takes a value in the output range, and returns the corresponding value in the
- * input domain. This is frequently used to convert the mouse location (see
- * {@link pv.Mark#mouse}) to a value in the input domain. Note that inversion is
- * only supported for numeric ranges, and not colors.
- *
- * <p>4. A scale can be queried for reasonable "tick" values. The {@link #ticks}
- * method provides a convenient way to get a series of evenly-spaced rounded
- * values in the input domain. Frequently these are used in conjunction with
- * {@link pv.Rule} to display tick marks or grid lines.
- *
- * <p>5. A scale can be "niced" to extend the domain to suitable rounded
- * numbers. If the minimum and maximum of the domain are messy because they are
- * derived from data, you can use {@link #nice} to round these values down and
- * up to even numbers.
- *
- * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
- * @returns {pv.Scale.log} a log scale.
- */
-pv.Scale.log = function() {
-  var d = [1, 10], l = [0, 1], b = 10, r = [0, 1], i = [pv.identity];
-
-  /** @private */
-  function scale(x) {
-    var j = pv.search(d, x);
-    if (j < 0) j = -j - 2;
-    j = Math.max(0, Math.min(i.length - 1, j));
-    return i[j]((log(x) - l[j]) / (l[j + 1] - l[j]));
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function log(x) {
-    return pv.logSymmetric(x, b);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the input domain. This method can be invoked several ways:
-   *
-   * <p>1. <tt>domain(min, ..., max)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Specifying the domain as a series of numbers is the most explicit and
-   * recommended approach. Most commonly, two numbers are specified: the minimum
-   * and maximum value. However, for a diverging scale, or other subdivided
-   * poly-log scales, multiple values can be specified. Values can be derived
-   * from data using {@link pv.min} and {@link pv.max}. For example:
-   *
-   * <pre>.domain(1, pv.max(array))</pre>
-   *
-   * An alternative method for deriving minimum and maximum values from data
-   * follows.
-   *
-   * <p>2. <tt>domain(array, minf, maxf)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>When both the minimum and maximum value are derived from data, the
-   * arguments to the <tt>domain</tt> method can be specified as the array of
-   * data, followed by zero, one or two accessor functions. For example, if the
-   * array of data is just an array of numbers:
-   *
-   * <pre>.domain(array)</pre>
-   *
-   * On the other hand, if the array elements are objects representing stock
-   * values per day, and the domain should consider the stock's daily low and
-   * daily high:
-   *
-   * <pre>.domain(array, function(d) d.low, function(d) d.high)</pre>
-   *
-   * The first method of setting the domain is preferred because it is more
-   * explicit; setting the domain using this second method should be used only
-   * if brevity is required.
-   *
-   * <p>3. <tt>domain()</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Invoking the <tt>domain</tt> method with no arguments returns the
-   * current domain as an array of numbers.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.domain
-   * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.log} <tt>this</tt>, or the current domain.
-   */
-  scale.domain = function(array, min, max) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      if (array instanceof Array) {
-        if (arguments.length < 2) min = pv.identity;
-        if (arguments.length < 3) max = min;
-        d = [pv.min(array, min), pv.max(array, max)];
-      } else {
-        d = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-      }
-      l = d.map(log);
-      return this;
-    }
-    return d;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.range
-   * @param {...} range... range values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.log} <tt>this</tt>.
-   */
-  scale.range = function() {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      r = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-      i = [];
-      for (var j = 0; j < r.length - 1; j++) {
-        i.push(pv.Scale.interpolator(r[j], r[j + 1]));
-      }
-      return this;
-    }
-    return r;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the output range. This method can be invoked several ways:
-   *
-   * <p>1. <tt>range(min, ..., max)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>The range may be specified as a series of numbers or colors. Most
-   * commonly, two numbers are specified: the minimum and maximum pixel values.
-   * For a color scale, values may be specified as {@link pv.Color}s or
-   * equivalent strings. For a diverging scale, or other subdivided poly-log
-   * scales, multiple values can be specified. For example:
-   *
-   * <pre>.range("red", "white", "green")</pre>
-   *
-   * <p>Currently, only numbers and colors are supported as range values. The
-   * number of range values must exactly match the number of domain values, or
-   * the behavior of the scale is undefined.
-   *
-   * <p>2. <tt>range()</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Invoking the <tt>range</tt> method with no arguments returns the current
-   * range as an array of numbers or colors.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.invert
-   * @param {...} range... range values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.log} <tt>this</tt>, or the current range.
-   */
-  scale.invert = function(y) {
-    var j = pv.search(r, y);
-    if (j < 0) j = -j - 2;
-    j = Math.max(0, Math.min(i.length - 1, j));
-    var t = l[j] + (y - r[j]) / (r[j + 1] - r[j]) * (l[j + 1] - l[j]);
-    return (d[j] < 0) ? -Math.pow(b, -t) : Math.pow(b, t);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Returns an array of evenly-spaced, suitably-rounded values in the input
-   * domain. These values are frequently used in conjunction with {@link
-   * pv.Rule} to display tick marks or grid lines.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.ticks
-   * @returns {number[]} an array input domain values to use as ticks.
-   */
-  scale.ticks = function() {
-    // TODO: support multiple domains
-    var start = Math.floor(l[0]),
-        end = Math.ceil(l[1]),
-        ticks = [];
-    for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
-      var x = Math.pow(b, i);
-      if (d[0] < 0) x = -x;
-      for (var j = 1; j < b; j++) {
-        ticks.push(x * j);
-      }
-    }
-    ticks.push(Math.pow(b, end));
-    if (ticks[0] < d[0]) ticks.shift();
-    if (ticks[ticks.length - 1] > d[1]) ticks.pop();
-    return ticks;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Formats the specified tick value using the appropriate precision, assuming
-   * base 10.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.tickFormat
-   * @param {number} t a tick value.
-   * @return {string} a formatted tick value.
-   */
-  scale.tickFormat = function(t) {
-    return t.toPrecision(1);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * "Nices" this scale, extending the bounds of the input domain to
-   * evenly-rounded values. This method uses {@link pv.logFloor} and {@link
-   * pv.logCeil}. Nicing is useful if the domain is computed dynamically from
-   * data, and may be irregular. For example, given a domain of
-   * [0.20147987687960267, 0.996679553296417], a call to <tt>nice()</tt> might
-   * extend the domain to [0.1, 1].
-   *
-   * <p>This method must be invoked each time after setting the domain (and
-   * base).
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.nice
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.log} <tt>this</tt>.
-   */
-  scale.nice = function() {
-    // TODO: support multiple domains
-    d = [pv.logFloor(d[0], b), pv.logCeil(d[1], b)];
-    l = d.map(log);
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the logarithm base. Defaults to 10.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.base
-   * @param {number} [v] the new base.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.log} <tt>this</tt>, or the current base.
-   */
-  scale.base = function(v) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      b = v;
-      l = d.map(log);
-      return this;
-    }
-    return b;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a view of this scale by the specified accessor function <tt>f</tt>.
-   * Given a scale <tt>y</tt>, <tt>y.by(function(d) d.foo)</tt> is equivalent to
-   * <tt>function(d) y(d.foo)</tt>.
-   *
-   * <p>This method is provided for convenience, such that scales can be
-   * succinctly defined inline. For example, given an array of data elements
-   * that have a <tt>score</tt> attribute with the domain [0, 1], the height
-   * property could be specified as:
-   *
-   * <pre>.height(pv.Scale.log().range(0, 480).by(function(d) d.score))</pre>
-   *
-   * This is equivalent to:
-   *
-   * <pre>.height(function(d) d.score * 480)</pre>
-   *
-   * This method should be used judiciously; it is typically more clear to
-   * invoke the scale directly, passing in the value to be scaled.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.log.prototype.by
-   * @param {function} f an accessor function.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.log} a view of this scale by the specified accessor
-   * function.
-   */
-  scale.by = function(f) {
-    function by() { return scale(f.apply(this, arguments)); }
-    for (var method in scale) by[method] = scale[method];
-    return by;
-  };
-
-  scale.domain.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-/**
- * Returns an ordinal scale for the specified domain. The arguments to this
- * constructor are optional, and equivalent to calling {@link #domain}.
- *
- * @class Represents an ordinal scale. <style
- * type="text/css">sub{line-height:0}</style> An ordinal scale represents a
- * pairwise mapping from <i>n</i> discrete values in the input domain to
- * <i>n</i> discrete values in the output range. For example, an ordinal scale
- * might map a domain of species ["setosa", "versicolor", "virginica"] to colors
- * ["red", "green", "blue"]. Thus, saying
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(function(d) {
- *     switch (d.species) {
- *       case "setosa": return "red";
- *       case "versicolor": return "green";
- *       case "virginica": return "blue";
- *     }
- *   })</pre>
- *
- * is equivalent to
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.Scale.ordinal("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica")
- *     .range("red", "green", "blue")
- *     .by(function(d) d.species))</pre>
- *
- * If the mapping from species to color does not need to be specified
- * explicitly, the domain can be omitted. In this case it will be inferred
- * lazily from the data:
- *
- * <pre>.fillStyle(pv.colors("red", "green", "blue")
- *     .by(function(d) d.species))</pre>
- *
- * When the domain is inferred, the first time the scale is invoked, the first
- * element from the range will be returned. Subsequent calls with unique values
- * will return subsequent elements from the range. If the inferred domain grows
- * larger than the range, range values will be reused. However, it is strongly
- * recommended that the domain and the range contain the same number of
- * elements.
- *
- * <p>A range can be discretized from a continuous interval (e.g., for pixel
- * positioning) by using {@link #split}, {@link #splitFlush} or
- * {@link #splitBanded} after the domain has been set. For example, if
- * <tt>states</tt> is an array of the fifty U.S. state names, the state name can
- * be encoded in the left position:
- *
- * <pre>.left(pv.Scale.ordinal(states)
- *     .split(0, 640)
- *     .by(function(d) d.state))</pre>
- *
- * <p>N.B.: ordinal scales are not invertible (at least not yet), since the
- * domain and range and discontinuous. A workaround is to use a linear scale.
- *
- * @param {...} domain... domain values.
- * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} an ordinal scale.
- * @see pv.colors
- */
-pv.Scale.ordinal = function() {
-  var d = [], i = {}, r = [], band = 0;
-
-  /** @private */
-  function scale(x) {
-    if (!(x in i)) i[x] = d.push(x) - 1;
-    return r[i[x] % r.length];
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the input domain. This method can be invoked several ways:
-   *
-   * <p>1. <tt>domain(values...)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Specifying the domain as a series of values is the most explicit and
-   * recommended approach. However, if the domain values are derived from data,
-   * you may find the second method more appropriate.
-   *
-   * <p>2. <tt>domain(array, f)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Rather than enumerating the domain values as explicit arguments to this
-   * method, you can specify a single argument of an array. In addition, you can
-   * specify an optional accessor function to extract the domain values from the
-   * array.
-   *
-   * <p>3. <tt>domain()</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Invoking the <tt>domain</tt> method with no arguments returns the
-   * current domain as an array.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.ordinal.prototype.domain
-   * @param {...} domain... domain values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} <tt>this</tt>, or the current domain.
-   */
-  scale.domain = function(array, f) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      array = (array instanceof Array)
-          ? ((arguments.length > 1) ? map(array, f) : array)
-          : Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-
-      /* Filter the specified ordinals to their unique values. */
-      d = [];
-      var seen = {};
-      for (var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
-        var o = array[j];
-        if (!(o in seen)) {
-          seen[o] = true;
-          d.push(o);
-        }
-      }
-
-      i = pv.numerate(d);
-      return this;
-    }
-    return d;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets or gets the output range. This method can be invoked several ways:
-   *
-   * <p>1. <tt>range(values...)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Specifying the range as a series of values is the most explicit and
-   * recommended approach. However, if the range values are derived from data,
-   * you may find the second method more appropriate.
-   *
-   * <p>2. <tt>range(array, f)</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Rather than enumerating the range values as explicit arguments to this
-   * method, you can specify a single argument of an array. In addition, you can
-   * specify an optional accessor function to extract the range values from the
-   * array.
-   *
-   * <p>3. <tt>range()</tt>
-   *
-   * <p>Invoking the <tt>range</tt> method with no arguments returns the
-   * current range as an array.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.ordinal.prototype.range
-   * @param {...} range... range values.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} <tt>this</tt>, or the current range.
-   */
-  scale.range = function(array, f) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      r = (array instanceof Array)
-          ? ((arguments.length > 1) ? map(array, f) : array)
-          : Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-      if (typeof r[0] == "string") r = r.map(pv.color);
-      return this;
-    }
-    return r;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets the range from the given continuous interval. The interval
-   * [<i>min</i>, <i>max</i>] is subdivided into <i>n</i> equispaced points,
-   * where <i>n</i> is the number of (unique) values in the domain. The first
-   * and last point are offset from the edge of the range by half the distance
-   * between points.
-   *
-   * <p>This method must be called <i>after</i> the domain is set.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.ordinal.prototype.split
-   * @param {number} min minimum value of the output range.
-   * @param {number} max maximum value of the output range.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} <tt>this</tt>.
-   * @see #splitFlush
-   * @see #splitBanded
-   */
-  scale.split = function(min, max) {
-    var step = (max - min) / this.domain().length;
-    r = pv.range(min + step / 2, max, step);
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets the range from the given continuous interval. The interval
-   * [<i>min</i>, <i>max</i>] is subdivided into <i>n</i> equispaced points,
-   * where <i>n</i> is the number of (unique) values in the domain. The first
-   * and last point are exactly on the edge of the range.
-   *
-   * <p>This method must be called <i>after</i> the domain is set.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.ordinal.prototype.splitFlush
-   * @param {number} min minimum value of the output range.
-   * @param {number} max maximum value of the output range.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} <tt>this</tt>.
-   * @see #split
-   */
-  scale.splitFlush = function(min, max) {
-    var n = this.domain().length, step = (max - min) / (n - 1);
-    r = (n == 1) ? [(min + max) / 2]
-        : pv.range(min, max + step / 2, step);
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Sets the range from the given continuous interval. The interval
-   * [<i>min</i>, <i>max</i>] is subdivided into <i>n</i> equispaced bands,
-   * where <i>n</i> is the number of (unique) values in the domain. The first
-   * and last band are offset from the edge of the range by the distance between
-   * bands.
-   *
-   * <p>The band width argument, <tt>band</tt>, is typically in the range [0, 1]
-   * and defaults to 1. This fraction corresponds to the amount of space in the
-   * range to allocate to the bands, as opposed to padding. A value of 0.5 means
-   * that the band width will be equal to the padding width. The computed
-   * absolute band width can be retrieved from the range as
-   * <tt>scale.range().band</tt>.
-   *
-   * <p>If the band width argument is negative, this method will allocate bands
-   * of a <i>fixed</i> width <tt>-band</tt>, rather than a relative fraction of
-   * the available space.
-   *
-   * <p>Tip: to inset the bands by a fixed amount <tt>p</tt>, specify a minimum
-   * value of <tt>min + p</tt> (or simply <tt>p</tt>, if <tt>min</tt> is
-   * 0). Then set the mark width to <tt>scale.range().band - p</tt>.
-   *
-   * <p>This method must be called <i>after</i> the domain is set.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.ordinal.prototype.splitBanded
-   * @param {number} min minimum value of the output range.
-   * @param {number} max maximum value of the output range.
-   * @param {number} [band] the fractional band width in [0, 1]; defaults to 1.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} <tt>this</tt>.
-   * @see #split
-   */
-  scale.splitBanded = function(min, max, band) {
-    if (arguments.length < 3) band = 1;
-    if (band < 0) {
-      var n = this.domain().length,
-          total = -band * n,
-          remaining = max - min - total,
-          padding = remaining / (n + 1);
-      r = pv.range(min + padding, max, padding - band);
-      r.band = -band;
-    } else {
-      var step = (max - min) / (this.domain().length + (1 - band));
-      r = pv.range(min + step * (1 - band), max, step);
-      r.band = step * band;
-    }
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a view of this scale by the specified accessor function <tt>f</tt>.
-   * Given a scale <tt>y</tt>, <tt>y.by(function(d) d.foo)</tt> is equivalent to
-   * <tt>function(d) y(d.foo)</tt>. This method should be used judiciously; it
-   * is typically more clear to invoke the scale directly, passing in the value
-   * to be scaled.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Scale.ordinal.prototype.by
-   * @param {function} f an accessor function.
-   * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} a view of this scale by the specified accessor
-   * function.
-   */
-  scale.by = function(f) {
-    function by() { return scale(f.apply(this, arguments)); }
-    for (var method in scale) by[method] = scale[method];
-    return by;
-  };
-
-  scale.domain.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-/**
- * Returns the {@link pv.Color} for the specified color format string. Colors
- * may have an associated opacity, or alpha channel. Color formats are specified
- * by CSS Color Modular Level 3, using either in RGB or HSL color space. For
- * example:<ul>
- *
- * <li>#f00 // #rgb
- * <li>#ff0000 // #rrggbb
- * <li>rgb(255, 0, 0)
- * <li>rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)
- * <li>hsl(0, 100%, 50%)
- * <li>rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)
- * <li>hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 1)
- *
- * </ul>The SVG 1.0 color keywords names are also supported, such as "aliceblue"
- * and "yellowgreen". The "transparent" keyword is supported for a
- * fully-transparent color.
- *
- * <p>If the <tt>format</tt> argument is already an instance of <tt>Color</tt>,
- * the argument is returned with no further processing.
- *
- * @param {string} format the color specification string, such as "#f00".
- * @returns {pv.Color} the corresponding <tt>Color</tt>.
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/types.html#ColorKeywords">SVG color
- * keywords</a>
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/">CSS3 color module</a>
- */
-pv.color = function(format) {
-  if (!format || (format == "transparent")) {
-    return pv.rgb(0, 0, 0, 0);
-  }
-  if (format instanceof pv.Color) {
-    return format;
-  }
-
-  /* Handle hsl, rgb. */
-  var m1 = /([a-z]+)\((.*)\)/i.exec(format);
-  if (m1) {
-    var m2 = m1[2].split(","), a = 1;
-    switch (m1[1]) {
-      case "hsla":
-      case "rgba": {
-        a = parseFloat(m2[3]);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    switch (m1[1]) {
-      case "hsla":
-      case "hsl": {
-        var h = parseFloat(m2[0]), // degrees
-            s = parseFloat(m2[1]) / 100, // percentage
-            l = parseFloat(m2[2]) / 100; // percentage
-        return (new pv.Color.Hsl(h, s, l, a)).rgb();
-      }
-      case "rgba":
-      case "rgb": {
-        function parse(c) { // either integer or percentage
-          var f = parseFloat(c);
-          return (c[c.length - 1] == '%') ? Math.round(f * 2.55) : f;
-        }
-        var r = parse(m2[0]), g = parse(m2[1]), b = parse(m2[2]);
-        return pv.rgb(r, g, b, a);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Named colors. */
-  format = pv.Color.names[format] || format;
-
-  /* Hexadecimal colors: #rgb and #rrggbb. */
-  if (format.charAt(0) == "#") {
-    var r, g, b;
-    if (format.length == 4) {
-      r = format.charAt(1); r += r;
-      g = format.charAt(2); g += g;
-      b = format.charAt(3); b += b;
-    } else if (format.length == 7) {
-      r = format.substring(1, 3);
-      g = format.substring(3, 5);
-      b = format.substring(5, 7);
-    }
-    return pv.rgb(parseInt(r, 16), parseInt(g, 16), parseInt(b, 16), 1);
-  }
-
-  /* Otherwise, assume named colors. TODO allow lazy conversion to RGB. */
-  return new pv.Color(format, 1);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a color with the specified color format string and opacity. This
- * constructor should not be invoked directly; use {@link pv.color} instead.
- *
- * @class Represents an abstract (possibly translucent) color. The color is
- * divided into two parts: the <tt>color</tt> attribute, an opaque color format
- * string, and the <tt>opacity</tt> attribute, a float in [0, 1]. The color
- * space is dependent on the implementing class; all colors support the
- * {@link #rgb} method to convert to RGB color space for interpolation.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Color.html">Color guide</a>.
- *
- * @param {string} color an opaque color format string, such as "#f00".
- * @param {number} opacity the opacity, in [0,1].
- * @see pv.color
- */
-pv.Color = function(color, opacity) {
-  /**
-   * An opaque color format string, such as "#f00".
-   *
-   * @type string
-   * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/types.html#ColorKeywords">SVG color
-   * keywords</a>
-   * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/">CSS3 color module</a>
-   */
-  this.color = color;
-
-  /**
-   * The opacity, a float in [0, 1].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.opacity = opacity;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a new color that is a brighter version of this color. The behavior of
- * this method may vary slightly depending on the underlying color space.
- * Although brighter and darker are inverse operations, the results of a series
- * of invocations of these two methods might be inconsistent because of rounding
- * errors.
- *
- * @param [k] {number} an optional scale factor; defaults to 1.
- * @see #darker
- * @returns {pv.Color} a brighter color.
- */
-pv.Color.prototype.brighter = function(k) {
-  return this.rgb().brighter(k);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a new color that is a brighter version of this color. The behavior of
- * this method may vary slightly depending on the underlying color space.
- * Although brighter and darker are inverse operations, the results of a series
- * of invocations of these two methods might be inconsistent because of rounding
- * errors.
- *
- * @param [k] {number} an optional scale factor; defaults to 1.
- * @see #brighter
- * @returns {pv.Color} a darker color.
- */
-pv.Color.prototype.darker = function(k) {
-  return this.rgb().darker(k);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new RGB color with the specified channel values.
- *
- * @param {number} r the red channel, an integer in [0,255].
- * @param {number} g the green channel, an integer in [0,255].
- * @param {number} b the blue channel, an integer in [0,255].
- * @param {number} [a] the alpha channel, a float in [0,1].
- * @returns pv.Color.Rgb
- */
-pv.rgb = function(r, g, b, a) {
-  return new pv.Color.Rgb(r, g, b, (arguments.length == 4) ? a : 1);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new RGB color with the specified channel values.
- *
- * @class Represents a color in RGB space.
- *
- * @param {number} r the red channel, an integer in [0,255].
- * @param {number} g the green channel, an integer in [0,255].
- * @param {number} b the blue channel, an integer in [0,255].
- * @param {number} a the alpha channel, a float in [0,1].
- * @extends pv.Color
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb = function(r, g, b, a) {
-  pv.Color.call(this, a ? ("rgb(" + r + "," + g + "," + b + ")") : "none", a);
-
-  /**
-   * The red channel, an integer in [0, 255].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.r = r;
-
-  /**
-   * The green channel, an integer in [0, 255].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.g = g;
-
-  /**
-   * The blue channel, an integer in [0, 255].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.b = b;
-
-  /**
-   * The alpha channel, a float in [0, 1].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.a = a;
-};
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Color);
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new RGB color with the same green, blue and alpha channels as
- * this color, with the specified red channel.
- *
- * @param {number} r the red channel, an integer in [0,255].
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.red = function(r) {
-  return pv.rgb(r, this.g, this.b, this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new RGB color with the same red, blue and alpha channels as this
- * color, with the specified green channel.
- *
- * @param {number} g the green channel, an integer in [0,255].
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.green = function(g) {
-  return pv.rgb(this.r, g, this.b, this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new RGB color with the same red, green and alpha channels as
- * this color, with the specified blue channel.
- *
- * @param {number} b the blue channel, an integer in [0,255].
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.blue = function(b) {
-  return pv.rgb(this.r, this.g, b, this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new RGB color with the same red, green and blue channels as this
- * color, with the specified alpha channel.
- *
- * @param {number} a the alpha channel, a float in [0,1].
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.alpha = function(a) {
-  return pv.rgb(this.r, this.g, this.b, a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the RGB color equivalent to this color. This method is abstract and
- * must be implemented by subclasses.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Color.Rgb} an RGB color.
- * @function
- * @name pv.Color.prototype.rgb
- */
-
-/**
- * Returns this.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Color.Rgb} this.
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.rgb = function() { return this; };
-
-/**
- * Returns a new color that is a brighter version of this color. This method
- * applies an arbitrary scale factor to each of the three RGB components of this
- * color to create a brighter version of this color. Although brighter and
- * darker are inverse operations, the results of a series of invocations of
- * these two methods might be inconsistent because of rounding errors.
- *
- * @param [k] {number} an optional scale factor; defaults to 1.
- * @see #darker
- * @returns {pv.Color.Rgb} a brighter color.
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.brighter = function(k) {
-  k = Math.pow(0.7, arguments.length ? k : 1);
-  var r = this.r, g = this.g, b = this.b, i = 30;
-  if (!r && !g && !b) return pv.rgb(i, i, i, this.a);
-  if (r && (r < i)) r = i;
-  if (g && (g < i)) g = i;
-  if (b && (b < i)) b = i;
-  return pv.rgb(
-      Math.min(255, Math.floor(r / k)),
-      Math.min(255, Math.floor(g / k)),
-      Math.min(255, Math.floor(b / k)),
-      this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a new color that is a darker version of this color. This method
- * applies an arbitrary scale factor to each of the three RGB components of this
- * color to create a darker version of this color. Although brighter and darker
- * are inverse operations, the results of a series of invocations of these two
- * methods might be inconsistent because of rounding errors.
- *
- * @param [k] {number} an optional scale factor; defaults to 1.
- * @see #brighter
- * @returns {pv.Color.Rgb} a darker color.
- */
-pv.Color.Rgb.prototype.darker = function(k) {
-  k = Math.pow(0.7, arguments.length ? k : 1);
-  return pv.rgb(
-      Math.max(0, Math.floor(k * this.r)),
-      Math.max(0, Math.floor(k * this.g)),
-      Math.max(0, Math.floor(k * this.b)),
-      this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new HSL color with the specified values.
- *
- * @param {number} h the hue, an integer in [0, 360].
- * @param {number} s the saturation, a float in [0, 1].
- * @param {number} l the lightness, a float in [0, 1].
- * @param {number} [a] the opacity, a float in [0, 1].
- * @returns pv.Color.Hsl
- */
-pv.hsl = function(h, s, l, a) {
-  return new pv.Color.Hsl(h, s, l,  (arguments.length == 4) ? a : 1);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new HSL color with the specified values.
- *
- * @class Represents a color in HSL space.
- *
- * @param {number} h the hue, an integer in [0, 360].
- * @param {number} s the saturation, a float in [0, 1].
- * @param {number} l the lightness, a float in [0, 1].
- * @param {number} a the opacity, a float in [0, 1].
- * @extends pv.Color
- */
-pv.Color.Hsl = function(h, s, l, a) {
-  pv.Color.call(this, "hsl(" + h + "," + (s * 100) + "%," + (l * 100) + "%)", a);
-
-  /**
-   * The hue, an integer in [0, 360].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.h = h;
-
-  /**
-   * The saturation, a float in [0, 1].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.s = s;
-
-  /**
-   * The lightness, a float in [0, 1].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.l = l;
-
-  /**
-   * The opacity, a float in [0, 1].
-   *
-   * @type number
-   */
-  this.a = a;
-};
-pv.Color.Hsl.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Color);
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new HSL color with the same saturation, lightness and alpha as
- * this color, and the specified hue.
- *
- * @param {number} h the hue, an integer in [0, 360].
- */
-pv.Color.Hsl.prototype.hue = function(h) {
-  return pv.hsl(h, this.s, this.l, this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new HSL color with the same hue, lightness and alpha as this
- * color, and the specified saturation.
- *
- * @param {number} s the saturation, a float in [0, 1].
- */
-pv.Color.Hsl.prototype.saturation = function(s) {
-  return pv.hsl(this.h, s, this.l, this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new HSL color with the same hue, saturation and alpha as this
- * color, and the specified lightness.
- *
- * @param {number} l the lightness, a float in [0, 1].
- */
-pv.Color.Hsl.prototype.lightness = function(l) {
-  return pv.hsl(this.h, this.s, l, this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new HSL color with the same hue, saturation and lightness as
- * this color, and the specified alpha.
- *
- * @param {number} a the opacity, a float in [0, 1].
- */
-pv.Color.Hsl.prototype.alpha = function(a) {
-  return pv.hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l, a);
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the RGB color equivalent to this HSL color.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Color.Rgb} an RGB color.
- */
-pv.Color.Hsl.prototype.rgb = function() {
-  var h = this.h, s = this.s, l = this.l;
-
-  /* Some simple corrections for h, s and l. */
-  h = h % 360; if (h < 0) h += 360;
-  s = Math.max(0, Math.min(s, 1));
-  l = Math.max(0, Math.min(l, 1));
-
-  /* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */
-  var m2 = (l <= .5) ? (l * (1 + s)) : (l + s - l * s);
-  var m1 = 2 * l - m2;
-  function v(h) {
-    if (h > 360) h -= 360;
-    else if (h < 0) h += 360;
-    if (h < 60) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60;
-    if (h < 180) return m2;
-    if (h < 240) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60;
-    return m1;
-  }
-  function vv(h) {
-    return Math.round(v(h) * 255);
-  }
-
-  return pv.rgb(vv(h + 120), vv(h), vv(h - 120), this.a);
-};
-
-/**
- * @private SVG color keywords, per CSS Color Module Level 3.
- *
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/types.html#ColorKeywords">SVG color
- * keywords</a>
- */
-pv.Color.names = {
-  aliceblue: "#f0f8ff",
-  antiquewhite: "#faebd7",
-  aqua: "#00ffff",
-  aquamarine: "#7fffd4",
-  azure: "#f0ffff",
-  beige: "#f5f5dc",
-  bisque: "#ffe4c4",
-  black: "#000000",
-  blanchedalmond: "#ffebcd",
-  blue: "#0000ff",
-  blueviolet: "#8a2be2",
-  brown: "#a52a2a",
-  burlywood: "#deb887",
-  cadetblue: "#5f9ea0",
-  chartreuse: "#7fff00",
-  chocolate: "#d2691e",
-  coral: "#ff7f50",
-  cornflowerblue: "#6495ed",
-  cornsilk: "#fff8dc",
-  crimson: "#dc143c",
-  cyan: "#00ffff",
-  darkblue: "#00008b",
-  darkcyan: "#008b8b",
-  darkgoldenrod: "#b8860b",
-  darkgray: "#a9a9a9",
-  darkgreen: "#006400",
-  darkgrey: "#a9a9a9",
-  darkkhaki: "#bdb76b",
-  darkmagenta: "#8b008b",
-  darkolivegreen: "#556b2f",
-  darkorange: "#ff8c00",
-  darkorchid: "#9932cc",
-  darkred: "#8b0000",
-  darksalmon: "#e9967a",
-  darkseagreen: "#8fbc8f",
-  darkslateblue: "#483d8b",
-  darkslategray: "#2f4f4f",
-  darkslategrey: "#2f4f4f",
-  darkturquoise: "#00ced1",
-  darkviolet: "#9400d3",
-  deeppink: "#ff1493",
-  deepskyblue: "#00bfff",
-  dimgray: "#696969",
-  dimgrey: "#696969",
-  dodgerblue: "#1e90ff",
-  firebrick: "#b22222",
-  floralwhite: "#fffaf0",
-  forestgreen: "#228b22",
-  fuchsia: "#ff00ff",
-  gainsboro: "#dcdcdc",
-  ghostwhite: "#f8f8ff",
-  gold: "#ffd700",
-  goldenrod: "#daa520",
-  gray: "#808080",
-  green: "#008000",
-  greenyellow: "#adff2f",
-  grey: "#808080",
-  honeydew: "#f0fff0",
-  hotpink: "#ff69b4",
-  indianred: "#cd5c5c",
-  indigo: "#4b0082",
-  ivory: "#fffff0",
-  khaki: "#f0e68c",
-  lavender: "#e6e6fa",
-  lavenderblush: "#fff0f5",
-  lawngreen: "#7cfc00",
-  lemonchiffon: "#fffacd",
-  lightblue: "#add8e6",
-  lightcoral: "#f08080",
-  lightcyan: "#e0ffff",
-  lightgoldenrodyellow: "#fafad2",
-  lightgray: "#d3d3d3",
-  lightgreen: "#90ee90",
-  lightgrey: "#d3d3d3",
-  lightpink: "#ffb6c1",
-  lightsalmon: "#ffa07a",
-  lightseagreen: "#20b2aa",
-  lightskyblue: "#87cefa",
-  lightslategray: "#778899",
-  lightslategrey: "#778899",
-  lightsteelblue: "#b0c4de",
-  lightyellow: "#ffffe0",
-  lime: "#00ff00",
-  limegreen: "#32cd32",
-  linen: "#faf0e6",
-  magenta: "#ff00ff",
-  maroon: "#800000",
-  mediumaquamarine: "#66cdaa",
-  mediumblue: "#0000cd",
-  mediumorchid: "#ba55d3",
-  mediumpurple: "#9370db",
-  mediumseagreen: "#3cb371",
-  mediumslateblue: "#7b68ee",
-  mediumspringgreen: "#00fa9a",
-  mediumturquoise: "#48d1cc",
-  mediumvioletred: "#c71585",
-  midnightblue: "#191970",
-  mintcream: "#f5fffa",
-  mistyrose: "#ffe4e1",
-  moccasin: "#ffe4b5",
-  navajowhite: "#ffdead",
-  navy: "#000080",
-  oldlace: "#fdf5e6",
-  olive: "#808000",
-  olivedrab: "#6b8e23",
-  orange: "#ffa500",
-  orangered: "#ff4500",
-  orchid: "#da70d6",
-  palegoldenrod: "#eee8aa",
-  palegreen: "#98fb98",
-  paleturquoise: "#afeeee",
-  palevioletred: "#db7093",
-  papayawhip: "#ffefd5",
-  peachpuff: "#ffdab9",
-  peru: "#cd853f",
-  pink: "#ffc0cb",
-  plum: "#dda0dd",
-  powderblue: "#b0e0e6",
-  purple: "#800080",
-  red: "#ff0000",
-  rosybrown: "#bc8f8f",
-  royalblue: "#4169e1",
-  saddlebrown: "#8b4513",
-  salmon: "#fa8072",
-  sandybrown: "#f4a460",
-  seagreen: "#2e8b57",
-  seashell: "#fff5ee",
-  sienna: "#a0522d",
-  silver: "#c0c0c0",
-  skyblue: "#87ceeb",
-  slateblue: "#6a5acd",
-  slategray: "#708090",
-  slategrey: "#708090",
-  snow: "#fffafa",
-  springgreen: "#00ff7f",
-  steelblue: "#4682b4",
-  tan: "#d2b48c",
-  teal: "#008080",
-  thistle: "#d8bfd8",
-  tomato: "#ff6347",
-  turquoise: "#40e0d0",
-  violet: "#ee82ee",
-  wheat: "#f5deb3",
-  white: "#ffffff",
-  whitesmoke: "#f5f5f5",
-  yellow: "#ffff00",
-  yellowgreen: "#9acd32"
-};
-/**
- * Returns a new categorical color encoding using the specified colors.  The
- * arguments to this method are an array of colors; see {@link pv.color}. For
- * example, to create a categorical color encoding using the <tt>species</tt>
- * attribute:
- *
- * <pre>pv.colors("red", "green", "blue").by(function(d) d.species)</pre>
- *
- * The result of this expression can be used as a fill- or stroke-style
- * property. This assumes that the data's <tt>species</tt> attribute is a
- * string.
- *
- * @param {string} colors... categorical colors.
- * @see pv.Scale.ordinal
- * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} an ordinal color scale.
- */
-pv.colors = function() {
-  var scale = pv.Scale.ordinal();
-  scale.range.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-
-/**
- * A collection of standard color palettes for categorical encoding.
- *
- * @namespace A collection of standard color palettes for categorical encoding.
- */
-pv.Colors = {};
-
-/**
- * Returns a new 10-color scheme. The arguments to this constructor are
- * optional, and equivalent to calling {@link pv.Scale.OrdinalScale#domain}. The
- * following colors are used:
- *
- * <div style="background:#1f77b4;">#1f77b4</div>
- * <div style="background:#ff7f0e;">#ff7f0e</div>
- * <div style="background:#2ca02c;">#2ca02c</div>
- * <div style="background:#d62728;">#d62728</div>
- * <div style="background:#9467bd;">#9467bd</div>
- * <div style="background:#8c564b;">#8c564b</div>
- * <div style="background:#e377c2;">#e377c2</div>
- * <div style="background:#7f7f7f;">#7f7f7f</div>
- * <div style="background:#bcbd22;">#bcbd22</div>
- * <div style="background:#17becf;">#17becf</div>
- *
- * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
- * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} a new ordinal color scale.
- * @see pv.color
- */
-pv.Colors.category10 = function() {
-  var scale = pv.colors(
-      "#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#2ca02c", "#d62728", "#9467bd",
-      "#8c564b", "#e377c2", "#7f7f7f", "#bcbd22", "#17becf");
-  scale.domain.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a new 20-color scheme. The arguments to this constructor are
- * optional, and equivalent to calling {@link pv.Scale.OrdinalScale#domain}. The
- * following colors are used:
- *
- * <div style="background:#1f77b4;">#1f77b4</div>
- * <div style="background:#aec7e8;">#aec7e8</div>
- * <div style="background:#ff7f0e;">#ff7f0e</div>
- * <div style="background:#ffbb78;">#ffbb78</div>
- * <div style="background:#2ca02c;">#2ca02c</div>
- * <div style="background:#98df8a;">#98df8a</div>
- * <div style="background:#d62728;">#d62728</div>
- * <div style="background:#ff9896;">#ff9896</div>
- * <div style="background:#9467bd;">#9467bd</div>
- * <div style="background:#c5b0d5;">#c5b0d5</div>
- * <div style="background:#8c564b;">#8c564b</div>
- * <div style="background:#c49c94;">#c49c94</div>
- * <div style="background:#e377c2;">#e377c2</div>
- * <div style="background:#f7b6d2;">#f7b6d2</div>
- * <div style="background:#7f7f7f;">#7f7f7f</div>
- * <div style="background:#c7c7c7;">#c7c7c7</div>
- * <div style="background:#bcbd22;">#bcbd22</div>
- * <div style="background:#dbdb8d;">#dbdb8d</div>
- * <div style="background:#17becf;">#17becf</div>
- * <div style="background:#9edae5;">#9edae5</div>
- *
- * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
- * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} a new ordinal color scale.
- * @see pv.color
-*/
-pv.Colors.category20 = function() {
-  var scale = pv.colors(
-      "#1f77b4", "#aec7e8", "#ff7f0e", "#ffbb78", "#2ca02c",
-      "#98df8a", "#d62728", "#ff9896", "#9467bd", "#c5b0d5",
-      "#8c564b", "#c49c94", "#e377c2", "#f7b6d2", "#7f7f7f",
-      "#c7c7c7", "#bcbd22", "#dbdb8d", "#17becf", "#9edae5");
-  scale.domain.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns a new alternative 19-color scheme. The arguments to this constructor
- * are optional, and equivalent to calling
- * {@link pv.Scale.OrdinalScale#domain}. The following colors are used:
- *
- * <div style="background:#9c9ede;">#9c9ede</div>
- * <div style="background:#7375b5;">#7375b5</div>
- * <div style="background:#4a5584;">#4a5584</div>
- * <div style="background:#cedb9c;">#cedb9c</div>
- * <div style="background:#b5cf6b;">#b5cf6b</div>
- * <div style="background:#8ca252;">#8ca252</div>
- * <div style="background:#637939;">#637939</div>
- * <div style="background:#e7cb94;">#e7cb94</div>
- * <div style="background:#e7ba52;">#e7ba52</div>
- * <div style="background:#bd9e39;">#bd9e39</div>
- * <div style="background:#8c6d31;">#8c6d31</div>
- * <div style="background:#e7969c;">#e7969c</div>
- * <div style="background:#d6616b;">#d6616b</div>
- * <div style="background:#ad494a;">#ad494a</div>
- * <div style="background:#843c39;">#843c39</div>
- * <div style="background:#de9ed6;">#de9ed6</div>
- * <div style="background:#ce6dbd;">#ce6dbd</div>
- * <div style="background:#a55194;">#a55194</div>
- * <div style="background:#7b4173;">#7b4173</div>
- *
- * @param {number...} domain... domain values.
- * @returns {pv.Scale.ordinal} a new ordinal color scale.
- * @see pv.color
- */
-pv.Colors.category19 = function() {
-  var scale = pv.colors(
-      "#9c9ede", "#7375b5", "#4a5584", "#cedb9c", "#b5cf6b",
-      "#8ca252", "#637939", "#e7cb94", "#e7ba52", "#bd9e39",
-      "#8c6d31", "#e7969c", "#d6616b", "#ad494a", "#843c39",
-      "#de9ed6", "#ce6dbd", "#a55194", "#7b4173");
-  scale.domain.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-/**
- * Returns a linear color ramp from the specified <tt>start</tt> color to the
- * specified <tt>end</tt> color. The color arguments may be specified either as
- * <tt>string</tt>s or as {@link pv.Color}s.
- *
- * @param {string} start the start color; may be a <tt>pv.Color</tt>.
- * @param {string} end the end color; may be a <tt>pv.Color</tt>.
- * @returns {Function} a color ramp from <tt>start</tt> to <tt>end</tt>.
- * @see pv.Scale.linear
- */
-pv.ramp = function(start, end) {
-  var scale = pv.Scale.linear();
-  scale.range.apply(scale, arguments);
-  return scale;
-};
-// TODO don't populate default attributes?
-
-/**
- * @private
- * @namespace
- */
-pv.Scene = pv.SvgScene = {};
-
-/**
- * Updates the display for the specified array of scene nodes.
- *
- * @param scenes {array} an array of scene nodes.
- */
-pv.SvgScene.updateAll = function(scenes) {
-  if (!scenes.length) return;
-  if ((scenes[0].reverse)
-      && (scenes.type != "line")
-      && (scenes.type != "area")) {
-    var reversed = pv.extend(scenes);
-    for (var i = 0, j = scenes.length - 1; j >= 0; i++, j--) {
-      reversed[i] = scenes[j];
-    }
-    scenes = reversed;
-  }
-  this.removeSiblings(this[scenes.type](scenes));
-};
-
-/**
- * Creates a new SVG element of the specified type.
- *
- * @param type {string} an SVG element type, such as "rect".
- * @return a new SVG element.
- */
-pv.SvgScene.create = function(type) {
-  return document.createElementNS(pv.ns.svg, type);
-};
-
-/**
- * Expects the element <i>e</i> to be the specified type. If the element does
- * not exist, a new one is created. If the element does exist but is the wrong
- * type, it is replaced with the specified element.
- *
- * @param type {string} an SVG element type, such as "rect".
- * @return a new SVG element.
- */
-pv.SvgScene.expect = function(type, e) {
-  if (!e) return this.create(type);
-  if (e.tagName == "a") e = e.firstChild;
-  if (e.tagName == type) return e;
-  var n = this.create(type);
-  e.parentNode.replaceChild(n, e);
-  return n;
-};
-
-/** TODO */
-pv.SvgScene.append = function(e, scenes, index) {
-  e.$scene = {scenes:scenes, index:index};
-  e = this.title(e, scenes[index]);
-  if (!e.parentNode) scenes.$g.appendChild(e);
-  return e.nextSibling;
-};
-
-/**
- * Applies a title tooltip to the specified element <tt>e</tt>, using the
- * <tt>title</tt> property of the specified scene node <tt>s</tt>. Note that
- * this implementation does not create an SVG <tt>title</tt> element as a child
- * of <tt>e</tt>; although this is the recommended standard, it is only
- * supported in Opera. Instead, an anchor element is created around the element
- * <tt>e</tt>, and the <tt>xlink:title</tt> attribute is set accordingly.
- *
- * @param e an SVG element.
- * @param s a scene node.
- */
-pv.SvgScene.title = function(e, s) {
-  var a = e.parentNode, t = String(s.title);
-  if (a && (a.tagName != "a")) a = null;
-  if (t) {
-    if (!a) {
-      a = this.create("a");
-      if (e.parentNode) e.parentNode.replaceChild(a, e);
-      a.appendChild(e);
-    }
-    a.setAttributeNS(pv.ns.xlink, "title", t);
-    return a;
-  }
-  if (a) a.parentNode.replaceChild(e, a);
-  return e;
-};
-
-/** TODO */
-pv.SvgScene.dispatch = function(e) {
-  var t = e.target.$scene;
-  if (t) {
-    t.scenes.mark.dispatch(e.type, t.scenes, t.index);
-    e.preventDefault();
-  }
-};
-
-/** TODO */
-pv.SvgScene.removeSiblings = function(e) {
-  while (e) {
-    var n = e.nextSibling;
-    e.parentNode.removeChild(e);
-    e = n;
-  }
-};
-// TODO strokeStyle for areaSegment?
-
-pv.SvgScene.area = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  if (!scenes.length) return e;
-  var s = scenes[0];
-
-  /* segmented */
-  if (s.segmented) return this.areaSegment(scenes);
-
-  /* visible */
-  if (!s.visible) return e;
-  var fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle), stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-  if (!fill.opacity && !stroke.opacity) return e;
-
-  /* points */
-  var p1 = "", p2 = "";
-  for (var i = 0, j = scenes.length - 1; j >= 0; i++, j--) {
-    var si = scenes[i], sj = scenes[j];
-    p1 += si.left + "," + si.top + " ";
-    p2 += (sj.left + sj.width) + "," + (sj.top + sj.height) + " ";
-
-    /* interpolate (assume linear by default) */
-    if (i < scenes.length - 1) {
-      var sk = scenes[i + 1], sl = scenes[j - 1];
-      switch (s.interpolate) {
-        case "step-before": {
-          p1 += si.left + "," + sk.top + " ";
-          p2 += (sl.left + sl.width) + "," + (sj.top + sj.height) + " ";
-          break;
-        }
-        case "step-after": {
-          p1 += sk.left + "," + si.top + " ";
-          p2 += (sj.left + sj.width) + "," + (sl.top + sl.height) + " ";
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  e = this.expect("polygon", e);
-  e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-  e.setAttribute("points", p1 + p2);
-  var fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle);
-  e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-  e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-  var stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-  e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-  e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-  e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-  return this.append(e, scenes, 0);
-};
-
-pv.SvgScene.areaSegment = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0, n = scenes.length - 1; i < n; i++) {
-    var s1 = scenes[i], s2 = scenes[i + 1];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s1.visible || !s2.visible) continue;
-    var fill = pv.color(s1.fillStyle), stroke = pv.color(s1.strokeStyle);
-    if (!fill.opacity && !stroke.opacity) continue;
-
-    /* points */
-    var p = s1.left + "," + s1.top + " "
-        + s2.left + "," + s2.top + " "
-        + (s2.left + s2.width) + "," + (s2.top + s2.height) + " "
-        + (s1.left + s1.width) + "," + (s1.top + s1.height);
-
-    e = this.expect("polygon", e);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s1.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("points", p);
-    e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s1.lineWidth);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-pv.SvgScene.bar = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-    var fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle), stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-    if (!fill.opacity && !stroke.opacity) continue;
-
-    e = this.expect("rect", e);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("x", s.left);
-    e.setAttribute("y", s.top);
-    e.setAttribute("width", Math.max(1E-10, s.width));
-    e.setAttribute("height", Math.max(1E-10, s.height));
-    e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-pv.SvgScene.dot = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-    var fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle), stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-    if (!fill.opacity && !stroke.opacity) continue;
-
-    /* points */
-    var radius = Math.sqrt(s.size), fillPath = "", strokePath = "";
-    switch (s.shape) {
-      case "cross": {
-        fillPath = "M" + -radius + "," + -radius
-            + "L" + radius + "," + radius
-            + "M" + radius + "," + -radius
-            + "L" + -radius + "," + radius;
-        break;
-      }
-      case "triangle": {
-        var h = radius, w = radius * 2 / Math.sqrt(3);
-        fillPath = "M0," + h
-            + "L" + w +"," + -h
-            + " " + -w + "," + -h
-            + "Z";
-        break;
-      }
-      case "diamond": {
-        radius *= Math.sqrt(2);
-        fillPath = "M0," + -radius
-            + "L" + radius + ",0"
-            + " 0," + radius
-            + " " + -radius + ",0"
-            + "Z";
-        break;
-      }
-      case "square": {
-        fillPath = "M" + -radius + "," + -radius
-            + "L" + radius + "," + -radius
-            + " " + radius + "," + radius
-            + " " + -radius + "," + radius
-            + "Z";
-        break;
-      }
-      case "tick": {
-        fillPath = "M0,0L0," + -s.size;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        function circle(r) {
-          return "M0," + r
-              + "A" + r + "," + r + " 0 1,1 0," + (-r)
-              + "A" + r + "," + r + " 0 1,1 0," + r
-              + "Z";
-        }
-        if (s.lineWidth / 2 > radius) strokePath = circle(s.lineWidth);
-        fillPath = circle(radius);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* transform */
-    var transform = "translate(" + s.left + "," + s.top + ")"
-        + (s.angle ? " rotate(" + 180 * s.angle / Math.PI + ")" : "");
-
-    /* The normal fill path. */
-    e = this.expect("path", e);
-    e.setAttribute("d", fillPath);
-    e.setAttribute("transform", transform);
-    e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    if (strokePath) {
-      e.setAttribute("stroke", "none");
-    } else {
-      e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-      e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-      e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-    }
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-
-    /* The special-case stroke path. */
-    if (strokePath) {
-      e = this.expect("path", e);
-      e.setAttribute("d", strokePath);
-      e.setAttribute("transform", transform);
-      e.setAttribute("fill", stroke.color);
-      e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-      e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-      e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-    }
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-pv.SvgScene.image = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-
-    /* fill */
-    e = this.fill(e, scenes, i);
-
-    /* image */
-    e = this.expect("image", e);
-    e.setAttribute("preserveAspectRatio", "none");
-    e.setAttribute("x", s.left);
-    e.setAttribute("y", s.top);
-    e.setAttribute("width", s.width);
-    e.setAttribute("height", s.height);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    e.setAttributeNS(pv.ns.xlink, "href", s.url);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-
-    /* stroke */
-    e = this.stroke(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-pv.SvgScene.label = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-    var fill = pv.color(s.textStyle);
-    if (!fill.opacity) continue;
-
-    /* text-baseline, text-align */
-    var x = 0, y = 0, dy = 0, anchor = "start";
-    switch (s.textBaseline) {
-      case "middle": dy = ".35em"; break;
-      case "top": dy = ".71em"; y = s.textMargin; break;
-      case "bottom": y = "-" + s.textMargin; break;
-    }
-    switch (s.textAlign) {
-      case "right": anchor = "end"; x = "-" + s.textMargin; break;
-      case "center": anchor = "middle"; break;
-      case "left": x = s.textMargin; break;
-    }
-
-    e = this.expect("text", e);
-    e.setAttribute("pointer-events", "none");
-    e.setAttribute("x", x);
-    e.setAttribute("y", y);
-    e.setAttribute("dy", dy);
-    e.setAttribute("text-anchor", anchor);
-    e.setAttribute("transform",
-        "translate(" + s.left + "," + s.top + ")"
-        + (s.textAngle ? " rotate(" + 180 * s.textAngle / Math.PI + ")" : ""));
-    e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-    e.style.font = s.font;
-    e.style.textShadow = s.textShadow;
-    if (e.firstChild) e.firstChild.nodeValue = s.text;
-    else e.appendChild(document.createTextNode(s.text));
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-// TODO fillStyle for lineSegment?
-// TODO lineOffset for flow maps?
-
-pv.SvgScene.line = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  if (scenes.length < 2) return e;
-  var s = scenes[0];
-
-  /* segmented */
-  if (s.segmented) return this.lineSegment(scenes);
-
-  /* visible */
-  if (!s.visible) return e;
-  var fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle), stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-  if (!fill.opacity && !stroke.opacity) return e;
-
-  /* points */
-  var p = "";
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var si = scenes[i];
-    p += si.left + "," + si.top + " ";
-
-    /* interpolate (assume linear by default) */
-    if (i < scenes.length - 1) {
-      var sj = scenes[i + 1];
-      switch (s.interpolate) {
-        case "step-before": {
-          p += si.left + "," + sj.top + " ";
-          break;
-        }
-        case "step-after": {
-          p += sj.left + "," + si.top + " ";
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-
-  e = this.expect("polyline", e);
-  e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-  e.setAttribute("points", p);
-  e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-  e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-  e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-  e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-  e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-  return this.append(e, scenes, 0);
-};
-
-pv.SvgScene.lineSegment = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0, n = scenes.length - 1; i < n; i++) {
-    var s1 = scenes[i], s2 = scenes[i + 1];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s1.visible || !s2.visible) continue;
-    var stroke = pv.color(s1.strokeStyle);
-    if (!stroke.opacity) continue;
-
-    /* Line-line intersection, per Akenine-Moller 16.16.1. */
-    function intersect(o1, d1, o2, d2) {
-      return o1.plus(d1.times(o2.minus(o1).dot(d2.perp()) / d1.dot(d2.perp())));
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * P1-P2 is the current line segment. V is a vector that is perpendicular to
-     * the line segment, and has length lineWidth / 2. ABCD forms the initial
-     * bounding box of the line segment (i.e., the line segment if we were to do
-     * no joins).
-     */
-    var p1 = pv.vector(s1.left, s1.top),
-        p2 = pv.vector(s2.left, s2.top),
-        p = p2.minus(p1),
-        v = p.perp().norm(),
-        w = v.times(s1.lineWidth / 2),
-        a = p1.plus(w),
-        b = p2.plus(w),
-        c = p2.minus(w),
-        d = p1.minus(w);
-
-    /*
-     * Start join. P0 is the previous line segment's start point. We define the
-     * cutting plane as the average of the vector perpendicular to P0-P1, and
-     * the vector perpendicular to P1-P2. This insures that the cross-section of
-     * the line on the cutting plane is equal if the line-width is unchanged.
-     * Note that we don't implement miter limits, so these can get wild.
-     */
-    if (i > 0) {
-      var s0 = scenes[i - 1];
-      if (s0.visible) {
-        var v1 = p1.minus(s0.left, s0.top).perp().norm().plus(v);
-        d = intersect(p1, v1, d, p);
-        a = intersect(p1, v1, a, p);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Similarly, for end join. */
-    if (i < (n - 1)) {
-      var s3 = scenes[i + 2];
-      if (s3.visible) {
-        var v2 = pv.vector(s3.left, s3.top).minus(p2).perp().norm().plus(v);
-        c = intersect(p2, v2, c, p);
-        b = intersect(p2, v2, b, p);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* points */
-    var p = a.x + "," + a.y + " "
-      + b.x + "," + b.y + " "
-      + c.x + "," + c.y + " "
-      + d.x + "," + d.y;
-
-    e = this.expect("polygon", e);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s1.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("points", p);
-    e.setAttribute("fill", stroke.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-var guid = 0;
-
-pv.SvgScene.panel = function(scenes) {
-  var g = scenes.$g, e = g && g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-
-    /* svg */
-    if (!scenes.parent) {
-      s.canvas.style.display = "inline-block";
-      g = s.canvas.firstChild;
-      if (!g) {
-        g = s.canvas.appendChild(this.create("svg"));
-        g.onclick
-            = g.onmousedown
-            = g.onmouseup
-            = g.onmousemove
-            = g.onmouseout
-            = g.onmouseover
-            = pv.SvgScene.dispatch;
-      }
-      scenes.$g = g;
-      g.setAttribute("width", s.width + s.left + s.right);
-      g.setAttribute("height", s.height + s.top + s.bottom);
-      if (typeof e == "undefined") e = g.firstChild;
-    }
-
-    /* clip (nest children) */
-    if (s.overflow == "hidden") {
-      var c = this.expect("g", e), id = (guid++).toString(36);
-      c.setAttribute("clip-path", "url(#" + id + ")");
-      if (!c.parentNode) g.appendChild(c);
-      scenes.$g = g = c;
-      e = c.firstChild;
-
-      e = this.expect("clipPath", e);
-      e.setAttribute("id", id);
-      var r = e.firstChild ||  e.appendChild(this.create("rect"));
-      r.setAttribute("x", s.left);
-      r.setAttribute("y", s.top);
-      r.setAttribute("width", s.width);
-      r.setAttribute("height", s.height);
-      if (!e.parentNode) g.appendChild(e);
-      e = e.nextSibling;
-    }
-
-    /* fill */
-    e = this.fill(e, scenes, i);
-
-    /* children */
-    for (var j = 0; j < s.children.length; j++) {
-      s.children[j].$g = e = this.expect("g", e);
-      e.setAttribute("transform", "translate(" + s.left + "," + s.top + ")");
-      this.updateAll(s.children[j]);
-      if (!e.parentNode) g.appendChild(e);
-      e = e.nextSibling;
-    }
-
-    /* stroke */
-    e = this.stroke(e, scenes, i);
-
-    /* clip (restore group) */
-    if (s.overflow == "hidden") {
-      scenes.$g = g = c.parentNode;
-      e = c.nextSibling;
-    }
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-
-pv.SvgScene.fill = function(e, scenes, i) {
-  var s = scenes[i], fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle);
-  if (fill.opacity) {
-    e = this.expect("rect", e);
-    e.setAttribute("x", s.left);
-    e.setAttribute("y", s.top);
-    e.setAttribute("width", s.width);
-    e.setAttribute("height", s.height);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-
-pv.SvgScene.stroke = function(e, scenes, i) {
-  var s = scenes[i], stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-  if (stroke.opacity) {
-    e = this.expect("rect", e);
-    e.setAttribute("x", s.left);
-    e.setAttribute("y", s.top);
-    e.setAttribute("width", Math.max(1E-10, s.width));
-    e.setAttribute("height", Math.max(1E-10, s.height));
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("fill", "none");
-    e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-pv.SvgScene.rule = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-    var stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-    if (!stroke.opacity) continue;
-
-    e = this.expect("line", e);
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("x1", s.left);
-    e.setAttribute("y1", s.top);
-    e.setAttribute("x2", s.left + s.width);
-    e.setAttribute("y2", s.top + s.height);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-pv.SvgScene.wedge = function(scenes) {
-  var e = scenes.$g.firstChild;
-  for (var i = 0; i < scenes.length; i++) {
-    var s = scenes[i];
-
-    /* visible */
-    if (!s.visible) continue;
-    var fill = pv.color(s.fillStyle), stroke = pv.color(s.strokeStyle);
-    if (!fill.opacity && !stroke.opacity) continue;
-
-    /* points */
-    var r1 = s.innerRadius, r2 = s.outerRadius, a = Math.abs(s.angle), p;
-    if (a >= 2 * Math.PI) {
-      if (r1) {
-        p = "M0," + r2
-            + "A" + r2 + "," + r2 + " 0 1,1 0," + (-r2)
-            + "A" + r2 + "," + r2 + " 0 1,1 0," + r2
-            + "M0," + r1
-            + "A" + r1 + "," + r1 + " 0 1,1 0," + (-r1)
-            + "A" + r1 + "," + r1 + " 0 1,1 0," + r1
-            + "Z";
-      } else {
-        p = "M0," + r2
-            + "A" + r2 + "," + r2 + " 0 1,1 0," + (-r2)
-            + "A" + r2 + "," + r2 + " 0 1,1 0," + r2
-            + "Z";
-      }
-    } else {
-      var sa = Math.min(s.startAngle, s.endAngle),
-          ea = Math.max(s.startAngle, s.endAngle),
-          c1 = Math.cos(sa), c2 = Math.cos(ea),
-          s1 = Math.sin(sa), s2 = Math.sin(ea);
-      if (r1) {
-        p = "M" + r2 * c1 + "," + r2 * s1
-            + "A" + r2 + "," + r2 + " 0 "
-            + ((a < Math.PI) ? "0" : "1") + ",1 "
-            + r2 * c2 + "," + r2 * s2
-            + "L" + r1 * c2 + "," + r1 * s2
-            + "A" + r1 + "," + r1 + " 0 "
-            + ((a < Math.PI) ? "0" : "1") + ",0 "
-            + r1 * c1 + "," + r1 * s1 + "Z";
-      } else {
-        p = "M" + r2 * c1 + "," + r2 * s1
-            + "A" + r2 + "," + r2 + " 0 "
-            + ((a < Math.PI) ? "0" : "1") + ",1 "
-            + r2 * c2 + "," + r2 * s2 + "L0,0Z";
-      }
-    }
-
-    e = this.expect("path", e);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-rule", "evenodd");
-    e.setAttribute("cursor", s.cursor);
-    e.setAttribute("transform", "translate(" + s.left + "," + s.top + ")");
-    e.setAttribute("d", p);
-    e.setAttribute("fill", fill.color);
-    e.setAttribute("fill-opacity", fill.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke", stroke.color);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-opacity", stroke.opacity);
-    e.setAttribute("stroke-width", s.lineWidth);
-    e = this.append(e, scenes, i);
-  }
-  return e;
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new mark with default properties. Marks, with the exception of
- * the root panel, are not typically constructed directly; instead, they are
- * added to a panel or an existing mark via {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a data-driven graphical mark. The <tt>Mark</tt> class is
- * the base class for all graphical marks in Protovis; it does not provide any
- * specific rendering functionality, but together with {@link Panel} establishes
- * the core framework.
- *
- * <p>Concrete mark types include familiar visual elements such as bars, lines
- * and labels. Although a bar mark may be used to construct a bar chart, marks
- * know nothing about charts; it is only through their specification and
- * composition that charts are produced. These building blocks permit many
- * combinatorial possibilities.
- *
- * <p>Marks are associated with <b>data</b>: a mark is generated once per
- * associated datum, mapping the datum to visual <b>properties</b> such as
- * position and color. Thus, a single mark specification represents a set of
- * visual elements that share the same data and visual encoding. The type of
- * mark defines the names of properties and their meaning. A property may be
- * static, ignoring the associated datum and returning a constant; or, it may be
- * dynamic, derived from the associated datum or index. Such dynamic encodings
- * can be specified succinctly using anonymous functions. Special properties
- * called event handlers can be registered to add interactivity.
- *
- * <p>Protovis uses <b>inheritance</b> to simplify the specification of related
- * marks: a new mark can be derived from an existing mark, inheriting its
- * properties. The new mark can then override properties to specify new
- * behavior, potentially in terms of the old behavior. In this way, the old mark
- * serves as the <b>prototype</b> for the new mark. Most mark types share the
- * same basic properties for consistency and to facilitate inheritance.
- *
- * <p>The prioritization of redundant properties is as follows:<ol>
- *
- * <li>If the <tt>width</tt> property is not specified (i.e., null), its value
- * is the width of the parent panel, minus this mark's left and right margins;
- * the left and right margins are zero if not specified.
- *
- * <li>Otherwise, if the <tt>right</tt> margin is not specified, its value is
- * the width of the parent panel, minus this mark's width and left margin; the
- * left margin is zero if not specified.
- *
- * <li>Otherwise, if the <tt>left</tt> property is not specified, its value is
- * the width of the parent panel, minus this mark's width and the right margin.
- *
- * </ol>This prioritization is then duplicated for the <tt>height</tt>,
- * <tt>bottom</tt> and <tt>top</tt> properties, respectively.
- *
- * <p>While most properties are <i>variable</i>, some mark types, such as lines
- * and areas, generate a single visual element rather than a distinct visual
- * element per datum. With these marks, some properties may be <b>fixed</b>.
- * Fixed properties can vary per mark, but not <i>per datum</i>! These
- * properties are evaluated solely for the first (0-index) datum, and typically
- * are specified as a constant. However, it is valid to use a function if the
- * property varies between panels or is dynamically generated.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/">Protovis guide</a>.
- */
-pv.Mark = function() {
-  /*
-   * TYPE 0 constant defs
-   * TYPE 1 function defs
-   * TYPE 2 constant properties
-   * TYPE 3 function properties
-   * in order of evaluation!
-   */
-  this.$properties = [];
-};
-
-/** @private TOOD */
-pv.Mark.prototype.properties = {};
-
-/**
- * @private Defines and registers a property method for the property with the
- * given name.  This method should be called on a mark class prototype to define
- * each exposed property. (Note this refers to the JavaScript
- * <tt>prototype</tt>, not the Protovis mark prototype, which is the {@link
- * #proto} field.)
- *
- * <p>The created property method supports several modes of invocation: <ol>
- *
- * <li>If invoked with a <tt>Function</tt> argument, this function is evaluated
- * for each associated datum. The return value of the function is used as the
- * computed property value. The context of the function (<tt>this</tt>) is this
- * mark. The arguments to the function are the associated data of this mark and
- * any enclosing panels. For example, a linear encoding of numerical data to
- * height is specified as
- *
- * <pre>m.height(function(d) d * 100);</pre>
- *
- * The expression <tt>d * 100</tt> will be evaluated for the height property of
- * each mark instance. The return value of the property method (e.g.,
- * <tt>m.height</tt>) is this mark (<tt>m</tt>)).<p>
- *
- * <li>If invoked with a non-function argument, the property is treated as a
- * constant. The return value of the property method (e.g., <tt>m.height</tt>)
- * is this mark.<p>
- *
- * <li>If invoked with no arguments, the computed property value for the current
- * mark instance in the scene graph is returned. This facilitates <i>property
- * chaining</i>, where one mark's properties are defined in terms of another's.
- * For example, to offset a mark's location from its prototype, you might say
- *
- * <pre>m.top(function() this.proto.top() + 10);</pre>
- *
- * Note that the index of the mark being evaluated (in the above example,
- * <tt>this.proto</tt>) is inherited from the <tt>Mark</tt> class and set by
- * this mark. So, if the fifth element's top property is being evaluated, the
- * fifth instance of <tt>this.proto</tt> will similarly be queried for the value
- * of its top property. If the mark being evaluated has a different number of
- * instances, or its data is unrelated, the behavior of this method is
- * undefined. In these cases it may be better to index the <tt>scene</tt>
- * explicitly to specify the exact instance.
- *
- * </ol><p>Property names should follow standard JavaScript method naming
- * conventions, using lowerCamel-style capitalization.
- *
- * <p>In addition to creating the property method, every property is registered
- * in the {@link #properties} map on the <tt>prototype</tt>. Although this is an
- * instance field, it is considered immutable and shared by all instances of a
- * given mark type. The <tt>properties</tt> map can be queried to see if a mark
- * type defines a particular property, such as width or height.
- *
- * @param {string} name the property name.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.property = function(name) {
-  if (!this.hasOwnProperty("properties")) {
-    this.properties = pv.extend(this.properties);
-  }
-  this.properties[name] = true;
-
-  /*
-   * Define the setter-getter globally, since the default behavior should be the
-   * same for all properties, and since the Protovis inheritance chain is
-   * independent of the JavaScript inheritance chain. For example, anchors
-   * define a "name" property that is evaluated on derived marks, even though
-   * those marks don't normally have a name.
-   */
-  pv.Mark.prototype[name] = function(v) {
-      if (arguments.length) {
-        this.$properties.push({
-            name: name,
-            type: (typeof v == "function") ? 3 : 2,
-            value: v
-          });
-        return this;
-      }
-      return this.scene[this.index][name];
-    };
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/* Define all global properties. */
-pv.Mark.prototype
-    .property("data")
-    .property("visible")
-    .property("left")
-    .property("right")
-    .property("top")
-    .property("bottom")
-    .property("cursor")
-    .property("title")
-    .property("reverse");
-
-/**
- * The mark type; a lower camelCase name. The type name controls rendering
- * behavior, and unless the rendering engine is extended, must be one of the
- * built-in concrete mark types: area, bar, dot, image, label, line, panel,
- * rule, or wedge.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.type
- */
-
-/**
- * The mark prototype, possibly undefined, from which to inherit property
- * functions. The mark prototype is not necessarily of the same type as this
- * mark. Any properties defined on this mark will override properties inherited
- * either from the prototype or from the type-specific defaults.
- *
- * @type pv.Mark
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.proto
- */
-
-/**
- * The enclosing parent panel. The parent panel is generally undefined only for
- * the root panel; however, it is possible to create "offscreen" marks that are
- * used only for inheritance purposes.
- *
- * @type pv.Panel
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.parent
- */
-
-/**
- * The child index. -1 if the enclosing parent panel is null; otherwise, the
- * zero-based index of this mark into the parent panel's <tt>children</tt> array.
- *
- * @type number
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.childIndex = -1;
-
-/**
- * The mark index. The value of this field depends on which instance (i.e.,
- * which element of the data array) is currently being evaluated. During the
- * build phase, the index is incremented over each datum; when handling events,
- * the index is set to the instance that triggered the event.
- *
- * @type number
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.index = -1;
-
-/**
- * The scene graph. The scene graph is an array of objects; each object (or
- * "node") corresponds to an instance of this mark and an element in the data
- * array. The scene graph can be traversed to lookup previously-evaluated
- * properties.
- *
- * <p>For instance, consider a stacked area chart. The bottom property of the
- * area can be defined using the <i>cousin</i> instance, which is the current
- * area instance in the previous instantiation of the parent panel. In this
- * sample code,
- *
- * <pre>new pv.Panel()
- *     .width(150).height(150)
- *   .add(pv.Panel)
- *     .data([[1, 1.2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.7],
- *            [.5, 1, .8, 1.1, 1.3],
- *            [.2, .5, .8, .9, 1]])
- *   .add(pv.Area)
- *     .data(function(d) d)
- *     .bottom(function() {
- *         var c = this.cousin();
- *         return c ? (c.bottom + c.height) : 0;
- *       })
- *     .height(function(d) d * 40)
- *     .left(function() this.index * 35)
- *   .root.render();</pre>
- *
- * the bottom property is computed based on the upper edge of the corresponding
- * datum in the previous series. The area's parent panel is instantiated once
- * per series, so the cousin refers to the previous (below) area mark. (Note
- * that the position of the upper edge is not the same as the top property,
- * which refers to the top margin: the distance from the top edge of the panel
- * to the top edge of the mark.)
- *
- * @see #first
- * @see #last
- * @see #sibling
- * @see #cousin
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.scene
- */
-
-/**
- * The root parent panel. This may be undefined for "offscreen" marks that are
- * created for inheritance purposes only.
- *
- * @type pv.Panel
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.root
- */
-
-/**
- * The data property; an array of objects. The size of the array determines the
- * number of marks that will be instantiated; each element in the array will be
- * passed to property functions to compute the property values. Typically, the
- * data property is specified as a constant array, such as
- *
- * <pre>m.data([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);</pre>
- *
- * However, it is perfectly acceptable to define the data property as a
- * function. This function might compute the data dynamically, allowing
- * different data to be used per enclosing panel. For instance, in the stacked
- * area graph example (see {@link #scene}), the data function on the area mark
- * dereferences each series.
- *
- * @type array
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.data
- */
-
-/**
- * The visible property; a boolean determining whether or not the mark instance
- * is visible. If a mark instance is not visible, its other properties will not
- * be evaluated. Similarly, for panels no child marks will be rendered.
- *
- * @type boolean
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.visible
- */
-
-/**
- * The left margin; the distance, in pixels, between the left edge of the
- * enclosing panel and the left edge of this mark. Note that in some cases this
- * property may be redundant with the right property, or with the conjunction of
- * right and width.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.left
- */
-
-/**
- * The right margin; the distance, in pixels, between the right edge of the
- * enclosing panel and the right edge of this mark. Note that in some cases this
- * property may be redundant with the left property, or with the conjunction of
- * left and width.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.right
- */
-
-/**
- * The top margin; the distance, in pixels, between the top edge of the
- * enclosing panel and the top edge of this mark. Note that in some cases this
- * property may be redundant with the bottom property, or with the conjunction
- * of bottom and height.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.top
- */
-
-/**
- * The bottom margin; the distance, in pixels, between the bottom edge of the
- * enclosing panel and the bottom edge of this mark. Note that in some cases
- * this property may be redundant with the top property, or with the conjunction
- * of top and height.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.bottom
- */
-
-/**
- * The cursor property; corresponds to the CSS cursor property. This is
- * typically used in conjunction with event handlers to indicate interactivity.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.cursor
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/ui.html#propdef-cursor">CSS2 cursor</a>
- */
-
-/**
- * The title property; corresponds to the HTML/SVG title property, allowing the
- * general of simple plain text tooltips.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.title
- */
-
-/**
- * The reverse property; a boolean determining whether marks are ordered from
- * front-to-back or back-to-front. SVG does not support explicit z-ordering;
- * shapes are rendered in the order they appear. Thus, by default, marks are
- * rendered in data order. Setting the reverse property to false reverses the
- * order in which they are rendered; however, the properties are still evaluated
- * (i.e., built) in forward order.
- *
- * @type boolean
- * @name pv.Mark.prototype.reverse
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for all mark types. By default, the data array is the
- * parent data as a single-element array; if the data property is not specified,
- * this causes each mark to be instantiated as a singleton with the parents
- * datum. The visible property is true by default, and the reverse property is
- * false.
- *
- * @type pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.defaults = new pv.Mark()
-    .data(function(d) { return [d]; })
-    .visible(true)
-    .reverse(false)
-    .cursor("")
-    .title("");
-
-/* Private categorical colors for default fill & stroke styles. */
-var defaultFillStyle = pv.Colors.category20().by(pv.parent),
-    defaultStrokeStyle = pv.Colors.category10().by(pv.parent);
-
-/**
- * Sets the prototype of this mark to the specified mark. Any properties not
- * defined on this mark may be inherited from the specified prototype mark, or
- * its prototype, and so on. The prototype mark need not be the same type of
- * mark as this mark. (Note that for inheritance to be useful, properties with
- * the same name on different mark types should have equivalent meaning.)
- *
- * @param {pv.Mark} proto the new prototype.
- * @return {pv.Mark} this mark.
- * @see #add
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.extend = function(proto) {
-  this.proto = proto;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Adds a new mark of the specified type to the enclosing parent panel, whilst
- * simultaneously setting the prototype of the new mark to be this mark.
- *
- * @param {function} type the type of mark to add; a constructor, such as
- * <tt>pv.Bar</tt>.
- * @return {pv.Mark} the new mark.
- * @see #extend
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.add = function(type) {
-  return this.parent.add(type).extend(this);
-};
-
-/**
- * Defines a local variable on this mark. Local variables are initialized once
- * per mark (i.e., per parent panel instance), and can be used to store local
- * state for the mark. Here are a few reasons you might want to use
- * <tt>def</tt>:
- *
- * <p>1. To store local state. For example, say you were visualizing employment
- * statistics, and your root panel had an array of occupations. In a child
- * panel, you might want to initialize a local scale, and reference it from a
- * property function:
- *
- * <pre>.def("y", function(d) pv.Scale.linear(0, pv.max(d.values)).range(0, h))
- * .height(function(d) this.y()(d))</pre>
- *
- * In this example, <tt>this.y()</tt> returns the defined local scale. We then
- * invoke the scale function, passing in the datum, to compute the height.  Note
- * that defs are similar to fixed properties: they are only evaluated once per
- * parent panel, and <tt>this.y()</tt> returns a function, rather than
- * automatically evaluating this function as a property.
- *
- * <p>2. To store temporary state for interaction. Say you have an array of
- * bars, and you want to color the bar differently if the mouse is over it. Use
- * <tt>def</tt> to define a local variable, and event handlers to override this
- * variable interactively:
- *
- * <pre>.def("i", -1)
- * .event("mouseover", function() this.i(this.index))
- * .event("mouseout", function() this.i(-1))
- * .fillStyle(function() this.i() == this.index ? "red" : "blue")</pre>
- *
- * Notice that <tt>this.i()</tt> can be used both to set the value of <i>i</i>
- * (when an argument is specified), and to get the value of <i>i</i> (when no
- * arguments are specified). In this way, it's like other property methods.
- *
- * <p>3. To specify fixed properties efficiently. Sometimes, the value of a
- * property may be locally a constant, but dependent on parent panel data which
- * is variable. In this scenario, you can use <tt>def</tt> to define a property;
- * it will only get computed once per mark, rather than once per datum.
- *
- * @param {string} name the name of the local variable.
- * @param {function} [value] an optional initializer; may be a constant or a
- * function.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.def = function(name, value) {
-  this.$properties.push({
-      name: name,
-      type: (typeof value == "function") ? 1 : 0,
-      value: value
-    });
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns an anchor with the specified name. While anchor names are typically
- * constants, the anchor name is a true property, which means you can specify a
- * function to compute the anchor name dynamically. See the
- * {@link pv.Anchor#name} property for details.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor} the new anchor.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-  var anchor = new pv.Anchor().extend(this).name(name);
-  anchor.parent = this.parent;
-  return anchor;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the anchor target of this mark, if it is derived from an anchor;
- * otherwise returns null. For example, if a label is derived from a bar anchor,
- *
- * <pre>bar.anchor("top").add(pv.Label);</pre>
- *
- * then property functions on the label can refer to the bar via the
- * <tt>anchorTarget</tt> method. This method is also useful for mark types
- * defining properties on custom anchors.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Mark} the anchor target of this mark; possibly null.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.anchorTarget = function() {
-  var target = this;
-  while (!(target instanceof pv.Anchor)) {
-    target = target.proto;
-    if (!target) return null;
-  }
-  return target.proto;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the first instance of this mark in the scene graph. This method can
- * only be called when the mark is bound to the scene graph (for example, from
- * an event handler, or within a property function).
- *
- * @returns a node in the scene graph.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.first = function() {
-  return this.scene[0];
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the last instance of this mark in the scene graph. This method can
- * only be called when the mark is bound to the scene graph (for example, from
- * an event handler, or within a property function). In addition, note that mark
- * instances are built sequentially, so the last instance of this mark may not
- * yet be constructed.
- *
- * @returns a node in the scene graph.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.last = function() {
-  return this.scene[this.scene.length - 1];
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the previous instance of this mark in the scene graph, or null if
- * this is the first instance.
- *
- * @returns a node in the scene graph, or null.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.sibling = function() {
-  return (this.index == 0) ? null : this.scene[this.index - 1];
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the current instance in the scene graph of this mark, in the previous
- * instance of the enclosing parent panel. May return null if this instance
- * could not be found. See the {@link pv.Layout.stack} function for an example
- * property function using cousin.
- *
- * @see pv.Layout.stack
- * @returns a node in the scene graph, or null.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.cousin = function() {
-  var p = this.parent, s = p && p.sibling();
-  return (s && s.children) ? s.children[this.childIndex][this.index] : null;
-};
-
-/**
- * Renders this mark, including recursively rendering all child marks if this is
- * a panel.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.render = function() {
-  /*
-   * Rendering consists of three phases: bind, build and update. The update
-   * phase is decoupled to allow different rendering engines.
-   *
-   * In the bind phase, inherited property definitions are cached so they do not
-   * need to be queried during build. In the build phase, properties are
-   * evaluated, and the scene graph is generated. In the update phase, the scene
-   * is rendered by creating and updating elements and attributes in the SVG
-   * image. No properties are evaluated during the update phase; instead the
-   * values computed previously in the build phase are simply translated into
-   * SVG.
-   */
-  this.bind();
-  this.build();
-  pv.Scene.updateAll(this.scene);
-};
-
-/** @private Computes the root data stack for the specified mark. */
-function argv(mark) {
-  var stack = [];
-  while (mark) {
-    stack.push(mark.scene[mark.index].data);
-    mark = mark.parent;
-  }
-  return stack;
-}
-
-/** @private TODO */
-pv.Mark.prototype.bind = function() {
-  var seen = {}, types = [[], [], [], []], data, visible;
-
-  /** TODO */
-  function bind(mark) {
-    do {
-      var properties = mark.$properties;
-      for (var i = properties.length - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
-        var p = properties[i];
-        if (!(p.name in seen)) {
-          seen[p.name] = 1;
-          switch (p.name) {
-            case "data": data = p; break;
-            case "visible": visible = p; break;
-            default: types[p.type].push(p); break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    } while (mark = mark.proto);
-  }
-
-  /** TODO */
-  function def(name) {
-    return function(v) {
-      var defs = this.scene.defs;
-      if (arguments.length) {
-        if (v == undefined) {
-          delete defs.locked[name];
-        } else {
-          defs.locked[name] = true;
-        }
-        defs.values[name] = v;
-        return this;
-      } else {
-        return defs.values[name];
-      }
-    };
-  }
-
-  /* Scan the proto chain for all defined properties. */
-  bind(this);
-  bind(this.defaults);
-  types[1].reverse();
-  types[3].reverse();
-
-  /* Any undefined properties are null. */
-  var mark = this;
-  do for (var name in mark.properties) {
-    if (!(name in seen)) {
-      seen[name] = 1;
-      types[2].push({name: name, type: 2, value: null});
-    }
-  } while (mark = mark.proto);
-
-  /* Define setter-getter for inherited defs. */
-  var defs = types[0].concat(types[1]);
-  for (var i = 0; i < defs.length; i++) {
-    var d = defs[i];
-    this[d.name] = def(d.name);
-  }
-
-  /* Setup binds to evaluate constants before functions. */
-  this.binds = {
-    data: data,
-    visible: visible,
-    defs: defs,
-    properties: pv.blend(types)
-  };
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Evaluates properties and computes implied properties. Properties are
- * stored in the {@link #scene} array for each instance of this mark.
- *
- * <p>As marks are built recursively, the {@link #index} property is updated to
- * match the current index into the data array for each mark. Note that the
- * index property is only set for the mark currently being built and its
- * enclosing parent panels. The index property for other marks is unset, but is
- * inherited from the global <tt>Mark</tt> class prototype. This allows mark
- * properties to refer to properties on other marks <i>in the same panel</i>
- * conveniently; however, in general it is better to reference mark instances
- * specifically through the scene graph rather than depending on the magical
- * behavior of {@link #index}.
- *
- * <p>The root scene array has a special property, <tt>data</tt>, which stores
- * the current data stack. The first element in this stack is the current datum,
- * followed by the datum of the enclosing parent panel, and so on. The data
- * stack should not be accessed directly; instead, property functions are passed
- * the current data stack as arguments.
- *
- * <p>The evaluation of the <tt>data</tt> and <tt>visible</tt> properties is
- * special. The <tt>data</tt> property is evaluated first; unlike the other
- * properties, the data stack is from the parent panel, rather than the current
- * mark, since the data is not defined until the data property is evaluated.
- * The <tt>visisble</tt> property is subsequently evaluated for each instance;
- * only if true will the {@link #buildInstance} method be called, evaluating
- * other properties and recursively building the scene graph.
- *
- * <p>If this mark is being re-built, any old instances of this mark that no
- * longer exist (because the new data array contains fewer elements) will be
- * cleared using {@link #clearInstance}.
- *
- * @param parent the instance of the parent panel from the scene graph.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.build = function() {
-  var scene = this.scene;
-  if (!scene) {
-    scene = this.scene = [];
-    scene.mark = this;
-    scene.type = this.type;
-    scene.childIndex = this.childIndex;
-    if (this.parent) {
-      scene.parent = this.parent.scene;
-      scene.parentIndex = this.parent.index;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Set the data stack. */
-  var stack = this.root.scene.data;
-  if (!stack) this.root.scene.data = stack = argv(this.parent);
-
-  /* Evaluate defs. */
-  if (this.binds.defs.length) {
-    var defs = scene.defs;
-    if (!defs) scene.defs = defs = {values: {}, locked: {}};
-    for (var i = 0; i < this.binds.defs.length; i++) {
-      var d = this.binds.defs[i];
-      if (!(d.name in defs.locked)) {
-        var v = d.value;
-        if (d.type == 1) {
-          property = d.name;
-          v = v.apply(this, stack);
-        }
-        defs.values[d.name] = v;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Evaluate special data property. */
-  var data = this.binds.data;
-  switch (data.type) {
-    case 0: case 1: data = defs.values.data; break;
-    case 2: data = data.value; break;
-    case 3: {
-      property = "data";
-      data = data.value.apply(this, stack);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Create, update and delete scene nodes. */
-  stack.unshift(null);
-  scene.length = data.length;
-  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-    pv.Mark.prototype.index = this.index = i;
-    var s = scene[i];
-    if (!s) scene[i] = s = {};
-    s.data = stack[0] = data[i];
-
-    /* Evaluate special visible property. */
-    var visible = this.binds.visible;
-    switch (visible.type) {
-      case 0: case 1: visible = defs.values.visible; break;
-      case 2: visible = visible.value; break;
-      case 3: {
-        property = "visible";
-        visible = visible.value.apply(this, stack);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (s.visible = visible) this.buildInstance(s);
-  }
-  stack.shift();
-  delete this.index;
-  pv.Mark.prototype.index = -1;
-  if (!this.parent) scene.data = null;
-
-  return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Evaluates the specified array of properties for the specified
- * instance <tt>s</tt> in the scene graph.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the mark to build.
- * @param properties an array of properties.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.buildProperties = function(s, properties) {
-  for (var i = 0, n = properties.length; i < n; i++) {
-    var p = properties[i], v = p.value;
-    switch (p.type) {
-      case 0: case 1: v = this.scene.defs.values[p.name]; break;
-      case 3: {
-        property = p.name;
-        v = v.apply(this, this.root.scene.data);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    s[p.name] = v;
-  }
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Evaluates all of the properties for this mark for the specified
- * instance <tt>s</tt> in the scene graph. The set of properties to evaluate is
- * retrieved from the {@link #properties} array for this mark type (see {@link
- * #type}).  After these properties are evaluated, any <b>implied</b> properties
- * may be computed by the mark and set on the scene graph; see
- * {@link #buildImplied}.
- *
- * <p>For panels, this method recursively builds the scene graph for all child
- * marks as well. In general, this method should not need to be overridden by
- * concrete mark types.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the mark to build.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.buildInstance = function(s) {
-  this.buildProperties(s, this.binds.properties);
-  this.buildImplied(s);
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Computes the implied properties for this mark for the specified
- * instance <tt>s</tt> in the scene graph. Implied properties are those with
- * dependencies on multiple other properties; for example, the width property
- * may be implied if the left and right properties are set. This method can be
- * overridden by concrete mark types to define new implied properties, if
- * necessary.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the mark to build.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.buildImplied = function(s) {
-  var l = s.left;
-  var r = s.right;
-  var t = s.top;
-  var b = s.bottom;
-
-  /* Assume width and height are zero if not supported by this mark type. */
-  var p = this.properties;
-  var w = p.width ? s.width : 0;
-  var h = p.height ? s.height : 0;
-
-  /* Compute implied width, right and left. */
-  var width = this.parent ? this.parent.width() : (w + l + r);
-  if (w == null) {
-    w = width - (r = r || 0) - (l = l || 0);
-  } else if (r == null) {
-    r = width - w - (l = l || 0);
-  } else if (l == null) {
-    l = width - w - (r = r || 0);
-  }
-
-  /* Compute implied height, bottom and top. */
-  var height = this.parent ? this.parent.height() : (h + t + b);
-  if (h == null) {
-    h = height - (t = t || 0) - (b = b || 0);
-  } else if (b == null) {
-    b = height - h - (t = t || 0);
-  } else if (t == null) {
-    t = height - h - (b = b || 0);
-  }
-
-  s.left = l;
-  s.right = r;
-  s.top = t;
-  s.bottom = b;
-
-  /* Only set width and height if they are supported by this mark type. */
-  if (p.width) s.width = w;
-  if (p.height) s.height = h;
-};
-
-/**
- * @private The name of the property being evaluated, for so-called "smart"
- * functions that change behavior depending on which property is being
- * evaluated. This functionality is somewhat magical, so for now, this feature
- * is not exposed outside the library.
- *
- * @type string
- */
-var property;
-
-/** @private The current mouse location. */
-var pageX = 0, pageY = 0;
-pv.listen(window, "mousemove", function(e) { pageX = e.pageX; pageY = e.pageY; });
-
-/**
- * Returns the current location of the mouse (cursor) relative to this mark's
- * parent. The <i>x</i> coordinate corresponds to the left margin, while the
- * <i>y</i> coordinate corresponds to the top margin.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Vector} the mouse location.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.mouse = function() {
-  var x = 0, y = 0, mark = (this instanceof pv.Panel) ? this : this.parent;
-  do {
-    x += mark.left();
-    y += mark.top();
-  } while (mark = mark.parent);
-  var node = this.root.canvas();
-  do {
-    x += node.offsetLeft;
-    y += node.offsetTop;
-  } while (node = node.offsetParent);
-  return pv.vector(pageX - x, pageY - y);
-};
-
-/**
- * Registers an event handler for the specified event type with this mark. When
- * an event of the specified type is triggered, the specified handler will be
- * invoked. The handler is invoked in a similar method to property functions:
- * the context is <tt>this</tt> mark instance, and the arguments are the full
- * data stack. Event handlers can use property methods to manipulate the display
- * properties of the mark:
- *
- * <pre>m.event("click", function() this.fillStyle("red"));</pre>
- *
- * Alternatively, the external data can be manipulated and the visualization
- * redrawn:
- *
- * <pre>m.event("click", function(d) {
- *     data = all.filter(function(k) k.name == d);
- *     vis.render();
- *   });</pre>
- *
- * The return value of the event handler determines which mark gets re-rendered.
- * Use defs ({@link #def}) to set temporary state from event handlers.
- *
- * <p>The complete set of event types is defined by SVG; see the reference
- * below. The set of supported event types is:<ul>
- *
- * <li>click
- * <li>mousedown
- * <li>mouseup
- * <li>mouseover
- * <li>mousemove
- * <li>mouseout
- *
- * </ul>Since Protovis does not specify any concept of focus, it does not
- * support key events; these should be handled outside the visualization using
- * standard JavaScript. In the future, support for interaction may be extended
- * to support additional event types, particularly those most relevant to
- * interactive visualization, such as selection.
- *
- * <p>TODO In the current implementation, event handlers are not inherited from
- * prototype marks. They must be defined explicitly on each interactive mark. In
- * addition, only one event handler for a given event type can be defined; when
- * specifying multiple event handlers for the same type, only the last one will
- * be used.
- *
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGTiny12/interact.html#SVGEvents">SVG events</a>
- * @param {string} type the event type.
- * @param {function} handler the event handler.
- * @returns {pv.Mark} this.
- */
-pv.Mark.prototype.event = function(type, handler) {
-  if (!this.$handlers) this.$handlers = {};
-  this.$handlers[type] = handler;
-  return this;
-};
-
-/** @private TODO */
-pv.Mark.prototype.dispatch = function(type, scenes, index) {
-  var l = this.$handlers && this.$handlers[type];
-  if (!l) {
-    if (this.parent) {
-      this.parent.dispatch(type, scenes.parent, scenes.parentIndex);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  try {
-
-    /* Setup the scene stack. */
-    var mark = this;
-    do {
-      mark.index = index;
-      mark.scene = scenes;
-      index = scenes.parentIndex;
-      scenes = scenes.parent;
-    } while (mark = mark.parent);
-
-    /* Execute the event listener. */
-    try {
-      mark = l.apply(this, this.root.scene.data = argv(this));
-    } finally {
-      this.root.scene.data = null;
-    }
-
-    /* Update the display. TODO dirtying. */
-    if (mark instanceof pv.Mark) mark.render();
-
-  } finally {
-
-    /* Restore the scene stack. */
-    var mark = this;
-    do {
-      if (mark.parent) delete mark.scene;
-      delete mark.index;
-    } while (mark = mark.parent);
-  }
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new mark anchor with default properties.
- *
- * @class Represents an anchor on a given mark. An anchor is itself a mark, but
- * without a visual representation. It serves only to provide useful default
- * properties that can be inherited by other marks. Each type of mark can define
- * any number of named anchors for convenience. If the concrete mark type does
- * not define an anchor implementation specifically, one will be inherited from
- * the mark's parent class.
- *
- * <p>For example, the bar mark provides anchors for its four sides: left,
- * right, top and bottom. Adding a label to the top anchor of a bar,
- *
- * <pre>bar.anchor("top").add(pv.Label);</pre>
- *
- * will render a text label on the top edge of the bar; the top anchor defines
- * the appropriate position properties (top and left), as well as text-rendering
- * properties for convenience (textAlign and textBaseline).
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Anchor = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Anchor.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("name");
-
-/**
- * The anchor name. The set of supported anchor names is dependent on the
- * concrete mark type; see the mark type for details. For example, bars support
- * left, right, top and bottom anchors.
- *
- * <p>While anchor names are typically constants, the anchor name is a true
- * property, which means you can specify a function to compute the anchor name
- * dynamically. For instance, if you wanted to alternate top and bottom anchors,
- * saying
- *
- * <pre>m.anchor(function() (this.index % 2) ? "top" : "bottom").add(pv.Dot);</pre>
- *
- * would have the desired effect.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Anchor.prototype.name
- */
-/**
- * Constructs a new area mark with default properties. Areas are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents an area mark: the solid area between two series of
- * connected line segments. Unsurprisingly, areas are used most frequently for
- * area charts.
- *
- * <p>Just as a line represents a polyline, the <tt>Area</tt> mark type
- * represents a <i>polygon</i>. However, an area is not an arbitrary polygon;
- * vertices are paired either horizontally or vertically into parallel
- * <i>spans</i>, and each span corresponds to an associated datum. Either the
- * width or the height must be specified, but not both; this determines whether
- * the area is horizontally-oriented or vertically-oriented.  Like lines, areas
- * can be stroked and filled with arbitrary colors.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Area.html">Area guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Area = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Area.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("width")
-    .property("height")
-    .property("lineWidth")
-    .property("strokeStyle")
-    .property("fillStyle")
-    .property("segmented")
-    .property("interpolate");
-
-pv.Area.prototype.type = "area";
-
-/**
- * The width of a given span, in pixels; used for horizontal spans. If the width
- * is specified, the height property should be 0 (the default). Either the top
- * or bottom property should be used to space the spans vertically, typically as
- * a multiple of the index.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.width
- */
-
-/**
- * The height of a given span, in pixels; used for vertical spans. If the height
- * is specified, the width property should be 0 (the default). Either the left
- * or right property should be used to space the spans horizontally, typically
- * as a multiple of the index.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.height
- */
-
-/**
- * The width of stroked lines, in pixels; used in conjunction with
- * <tt>strokeStyle</tt> to stroke the perimeter of the area. Unlike the
- * {@link Line} mark type, the entire perimeter is stroked, rather than just one
- * edge. The default value of this property is 1.5, but since the default stroke
- * style is null, area marks are not stroked by default.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i> for non-segmented areas. See
- * {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.lineWidth
- */
-
-/**
- * The style of stroked lines; used in conjunction with <tt>lineWidth</tt> to
- * stroke the perimeter of the area. Unlike the {@link Line} mark type, the
- * entire perimeter is stroked, rather than just one edge. The default value of
- * this property is null, meaning areas are not stroked by default.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i> for non-segmented areas. See
- * {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.strokeStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * The area fill style; if non-null, the interior of the polygon forming the
- * area is filled with the specified color. The default value of this property
- * is a categorical color.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i> for non-segmented areas. See
- * {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.fillStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * Whether the area is segmented; whether variations in fill style, stroke
- * style, and the other properties are treated as fixed. Rendering segmented
- * areas is noticeably slower than non-segmented areas.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i>. See {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type boolean
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.segmented
- */
-
-/**
- * How to interpolate between values. Linear interpolation ("linear") is the
- * default, producing a straight line between points. For piecewise constant
- * functions (i.e., step functions), either "step-before" or "step-after" can be
- * specified.
- *
- * <p>Note: this property is currently supported only on non-segmented areas.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i>. See {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Area.prototype.interpolate
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for areas. By default, there is no stroke and the fill
- * style is a categorical color.
- *
- * @type pv.Area
- */
-pv.Area.prototype.defaults = new pv.Area()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .lineWidth(1.5)
-    .fillStyle(defaultFillStyle)
-    .interpolate("linear");
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new area anchor with default properties. Areas support five
- * different anchors:<ul>
- *
- * <li>top
- * <li>left
- * <li>center
- * <li>bottom
- * <li>right
- *
- * </ul>In addition to positioning properties (left, right, top bottom), the
- * anchors support text rendering properties (text-align, text-baseline). Text is
- * rendered to appear inside the area polygon.
- *
- * <p>To facilitate stacking of areas, the anchors are defined in terms of their
- * opposite edge. For example, the top anchor defines the bottom property, such
- * that the area grows upwards; the bottom anchor instead defines the top
- * property, such that the area grows downwards. Of course, in general it is
- * more robust to use panels and the cousin accessor to define stacked area
- * marks; see {@link pv.Mark#scene} for an example.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor}
- */
-pv.Area.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-  var area = this;
-  return pv.Mark.prototype.anchor.call(this, name)
-    .left(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return area.left() + area.width() / 2;
-          case "right": return area.left() + area.width();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .right(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return area.right() + area.width() / 2;
-          case "left": return area.right() + area.width();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .top(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left":
-          case "right":
-          case "center": return area.top() + area.height() / 2;
-          case "bottom": return area.top() + area.height();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .bottom(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left":
-          case "right":
-          case "center": return area.bottom() + area.height() / 2;
-          case "top": return area.bottom() + area.height();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .textAlign(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return "center";
-          case "right": return "right";
-        }
-        return "left";
-      })
-    .textBaseline(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "right":
-          case "left":
-          case "center": return "middle";
-          case "top": return "top";
-        }
-        return "bottom";
-      });
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Overrides the default behavior of {@link pv.Mark.buildImplied} such
- * that the width and height are set to zero if null.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the mark to build.
- */
-pv.Area.prototype.buildImplied = function(s) {
-  if (s.height == null) s.height = 0;
-  if (s.width == null) s.width = 0;
-  pv.Mark.prototype.buildImplied.call(this, s);
-};
-
-/** @private */
-var pv_Area_specials = {left:1, top:1, right:1, bottom:1, width:1, height:1, name:1};
-
-/** @private */
-pv.Area.prototype.bind = function() {
-  pv.Mark.prototype.bind.call(this);
-  var binds = this.binds,
-      properties = binds.properties,
-      specials = binds.specials = [];
-  for (var i = 0, n = properties.length; i < n; i++) {
-    var p = properties[i];
-    if (p.name in pv_Area_specials) specials.push(p);
-  }
-};
-
-/** @private */
-pv.Area.prototype.buildInstance = function(s) {
-  if (this.index && !this.scene[0].segmented) {
-    this.buildProperties(s, this.binds.specials);
-    this.buildImplied(s);
-  } else {
-    pv.Mark.prototype.buildInstance.call(this, s);
-  }
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new bar mark with default properties. Bars are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a bar: an axis-aligned rectangle that can be stroked and
- * filled. Bars are used for many chart types, including bar charts, histograms
- * and Gantt charts. Bars can also be used as decorations, for example to draw a
- * frame border around a panel; in fact, a panel is a special type (a subclass)
- * of bar.
- *
- * <p>Bars can be positioned in several ways. Most commonly, one of the four
- * corners is fixed using two margins, and then the width and height properties
- * determine the extent of the bar relative to this fixed location. For example,
- * using the bottom and left properties fixes the bottom-left corner; the width
- * then extends to the right, while the height extends to the top. As an
- * alternative to the four corners, a bar can be positioned exclusively using
- * margins; this is convenient as an inset from the containing panel, for
- * example. See {@link pv.Mark} for details on the prioritization of redundant
- * positioning properties.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Bar.html">Bar guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Bar = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Bar.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("width")
-    .property("height")
-    .property("lineWidth")
-    .property("strokeStyle")
-    .property("fillStyle");
-
-pv.Bar.prototype.type = "bar";
-
-/**
- * The width of the bar, in pixels. If the left position is specified, the bar
- * extends rightward from the left edge; if the right position is specified, the
- * bar extends leftward from the right edge.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Bar.prototype.width
- */
-
-/**
- * The height of the bar, in pixels. If the bottom position is specified, the
- * bar extends upward from the bottom edge; if the top position is specified,
- * the bar extends downward from the top edge.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Bar.prototype.height
- */
-
-/**
- * The width of stroked lines, in pixels; used in conjunction with
- * <tt>strokeStyle</tt> to stroke the bar's border.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Bar.prototype.lineWidth
- */
-
-/**
- * The style of stroked lines; used in conjunction with <tt>lineWidth</tt> to
- * stroke the bar's border. The default value of this property is null, meaning
- * bars are not stroked by default.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Bar.prototype.strokeStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * The bar fill style; if non-null, the interior of the bar is filled with the
- * specified color. The default value of this property is a categorical color.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Bar.prototype.fillStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for bars. By default, there is no stroke and the fill
- * style is a categorical color.
- *
- * @type pv.Bar
- */
-pv.Bar.prototype.defaults = new pv.Bar()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .lineWidth(1.5)
-    .fillStyle(defaultFillStyle);
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new bar anchor with default properties. Bars support five
- * different anchors:<ul>
- *
- * <li>top
- * <li>left
- * <li>center
- * <li>bottom
- * <li>right
- *
- * </ul>In addition to positioning properties (left, right, top bottom), the
- * anchors support text rendering properties (text-align, text-baseline). Text
- * is rendered to appear inside the bar.
- *
- * <p>To facilitate stacking of bars, the anchors are defined in terms of their
- * opposite edge. For example, the top anchor defines the bottom property, such
- * that the bar grows upwards; the bottom anchor instead defines the top
- * property, such that the bar grows downwards. Of course, in general it is more
- * robust to use panels and the cousin accessor to define stacked bars; see
- * {@link pv.Mark#scene} for an example.
- *
- * <p>Bar anchors also "smartly" specify position properties based on whether
- * the derived mark type supports the width and height properties. If the
- * derived mark type does not support these properties (e.g., dots), the
- * position will be centered on the corresponding edge. Otherwise (e.g., bars),
- * the position will be in the opposite side.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor}
- */
-pv.Bar.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-  var bar = this;
-  return pv.Mark.prototype.anchor.call(this, name)
-    .left(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return bar.left() + (this.properties.width ? 0 : (bar.width() / 2));
-          case "right": return bar.left() + bar.width();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .right(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return bar.right() + (this.properties.width ? 0 : (bar.width() / 2));
-          case "left": return bar.right() + bar.width();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .top(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left":
-          case "right":
-          case "center": return bar.top() + (this.properties.height ? 0 : (bar.height() / 2));
-          case "bottom": return bar.top() + bar.height();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .bottom(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left":
-          case "right":
-          case "center": return bar.bottom() + (this.properties.height ? 0 : (bar.height() / 2));
-          case "top": return bar.bottom() + bar.height();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .textAlign(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return "center";
-          case "right": return "right";
-        }
-        return "left";
-      })
-    .textBaseline(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "right":
-          case "left":
-          case "center": return "middle";
-          case "top": return "top";
-        }
-        return "bottom";
-      });
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new dot mark with default properties. Dots are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a dot; a dot is simply a sized glyph centered at a given
- * point that can also be stroked and filled. The <tt>size</tt> property is
- * proportional to the area of the rendered glyph to encourage meaningful visual
- * encodings. Dots can visually encode up to eight dimensions of data, though
- * this may be unwise due to integrality. See {@link pv.Mark} for details on the
- * prioritization of redundant positioning properties.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Dot.html">Dot guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Dot = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Dot.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("size")
-    .property("shape")
-    .property("angle")
-    .property("lineWidth")
-    .property("strokeStyle")
-    .property("fillStyle");
-
-pv.Dot.prototype.type = "dot";
-
-/**
- * The size of the dot, in square pixels. Square pixels are used such that the
- * area of the dot is linearly proportional to the value of the size property,
- * facilitating representative encodings.
- *
- * @see #radius
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Dot.prototype.size
- */
-
-/**
- * The shape name. Several shapes are supported:<ul>
- *
- * <li>cross
- * <li>triangle
- * <li>diamond
- * <li>square
- * <li>tick
- * <li>circle
- *
- * </ul>These shapes can be further changed using the {@link #angle} property;
- * for instance, a cross can be turned into a plus by rotating. Similarly, the
- * tick, which is vertical by default, can be rotated horizontally. Note that
- * some shapes (cross and tick) do not have interior areas, and thus do not
- * support fill style meaningfully.
- *
- * <p>Note: it may be more natural to use the {@link pv.Rule} mark for
- * horizontal and vertical ticks. The tick shape is only necessary if angled
- * ticks are needed.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Dot.prototype.shape
- */
-
-/**
- * The rotation angle, in radians. Used to rotate shapes, such as to turn a
- * cross into a plus.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Dot.prototype.angle
- */
-
-/**
- * The width of stroked lines, in pixels; used in conjunction with
- * <tt>strokeStyle</tt> to stroke the dot's shape.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Dot.prototype.lineWidth
- */
-
-/**
- * The style of stroked lines; used in conjunction with <tt>lineWidth</tt> to
- * stroke the dot's shape. The default value of this property is a categorical
- * color.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Dot.prototype.strokeStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * The fill style; if non-null, the interior of the dot is filled with the
- * specified color. The default value of this property is null, meaning dots are
- * not filled by default.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Dot.prototype.fillStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for dots. By default, there is no fill and the stroke
- * style is a categorical color. The default shape is "circle" with size 20.
- *
- * @type pv.Dot
- */
-pv.Dot.prototype.defaults = new pv.Dot()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .size(20)
-    .shape("circle")
-    .lineWidth(1.5)
-    .strokeStyle(defaultStrokeStyle);
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new dot anchor with default properties. Dots support five
- * different anchors:<ul>
- *
- * <li>top
- * <li>left
- * <li>center
- * <li>bottom
- * <li>right
- *
- * </ul>In addition to positioning properties (left, right, top bottom), the
- * anchors support text rendering properties (text-align, text-baseline). Text is
- * rendered to appear outside the dot. Note that this behavior is different from
- * other mark anchors, which default to rendering text <i>inside</i> the mark.
- *
- * <p>For consistency with the other mark types, the anchor positions are
- * defined in terms of their opposite edge. For example, the top anchor defines
- * the bottom property, such that a bar added to the top anchor grows upward.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor}
- */
-pv.Dot.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-  var dot = this;
-  return pv.Mark.prototype.anchor.call(this, name)
-    .left(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return dot.left();
-          case "right": return dot.left() + dot.radius();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .right(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return dot.right();
-          case "left": return dot.right() + dot.radius();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .top(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left":
-          case "right":
-          case "center": return dot.top();
-          case "bottom": return dot.top() + dot.radius();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .bottom(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left":
-          case "right":
-          case "center": return dot.bottom();
-          case "top": return dot.bottom() + dot.radius();
-        }
-        return null;
-      })
-    .textAlign(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left": return "right";
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return "center";
-        }
-        return "left";
-      })
-    .textBaseline(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "right":
-          case "left":
-          case "center": return "middle";
-          case "bottom": return "top";
-        }
-        return "bottom";
-      });
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the radius of the dot, which is defined to be the square root of the
- * {@link #size} property.
- *
- * @returns {number} the radius.
- */
-pv.Dot.prototype.radius = function() {
-  return Math.sqrt(this.size());
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new label mark with default properties. Labels are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a text label, allowing textual annotation of other marks or
- * arbitrary text within the visualization. The character data must be plain
- * text (unicode), though the text can be styled using the {@link #font}
- * property. If rich text is needed, external HTML elements can be overlaid on
- * the canvas by hand.
- *
- * <p>Labels are positioned using the box model, similarly to {@link Dot}. Thus,
- * a label has no width or height, but merely a text anchor location. The text
- * is positioned relative to this anchor location based on the
- * {@link #textAlign}, {@link #textBaseline} and {@link #textMargin} properties.
- * Furthermore, the text may be rotated using {@link #textAngle}.
- *
- * <p>Labels ignore events, so as to not interfere with event handlers on
- * underlying marks, such as bars. In the future, we may support event handlers
- * on labels.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Label.html">Label guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Label = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Label.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("text")
-    .property("font")
-    .property("textAngle")
-    .property("textStyle")
-    .property("textAlign")
-    .property("textBaseline")
-    .property("textMargin")
-    .property("textShadow");
-
-pv.Label.prototype.type = "label";
-
-/**
- * The character data to render; a string. The default value of the text
- * property is the identity function, meaning the label's associated datum will
- * be rendered using its <tt>toString</tt>.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.text
- */
-
-/**
- * The font format, per the CSS Level 2 specification. The default font is "10px
- * sans-serif", for consistency with the HTML 5 canvas element specification.
- * Note that since text is not wrapped, any line-height property will be
- * ignored. The other font-style, font-variant, font-weight, font-size and
- * font-family properties are supported.
- *
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/fonts.html#font-shorthand">CSS2 fonts</a>
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.font
- */
-
-/**
- * The rotation angle, in radians. Text is rotated clockwise relative to the
- * anchor location. For example, with the default left alignment, an angle of
- * Math.PI / 2 causes text to proceed downwards. The default angle is zero.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.textAngle
- */
-
-/**
- * The text color. The name "textStyle" is used for consistency with "fillStyle"
- * and "strokeStyle", although it might be better to rename this property (and
- * perhaps use the same name as "strokeStyle"). The default color is black.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.textStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * The horizontal text alignment. One of:<ul>
- *
- * <li>left
- * <li>center
- * <li>right
- *
- * </ul>The default horizontal alignment is left.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.textAlign
- */
-
-/**
- * The vertical text alignment. One of:<ul>
- *
- * <li>top
- * <li>middle
- * <li>bottom
- *
- * </ul>The default vertical alignment is bottom.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.textBaseline
- */
-
-/**
- * The text margin; may be specified in pixels, or in font-dependent units (such
- * as ".1ex"). The margin can be used to pad text away from its anchor location,
- * in a direction dependent on the horizontal and vertical alignment
- * properties. For example, if the text is left- and middle-aligned, the margin
- * shifts the text to the right. The default margin is 3 pixels.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.textMargin
- */
-
-/**
- * A list of shadow effects to be applied to text, per the CSS Text Level 3
- * text-shadow property. An example specification is "0.1em 0.1em 0.1em
- * rgba(0,0,0,.5)"; the first length is the horizontal offset, the second the
- * vertical offset, and the third the blur radius.
- *
- * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#text-shadow">CSS3 text</a>
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Label.prototype.textShadow
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for labels. See the individual properties for the default
- * values.
- *
- * @type pv.Label
- */
-pv.Label.prototype.defaults = new pv.Label()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .text(pv.identity)
-    .font("10px sans-serif")
-    .textAngle(0)
-    .textStyle("black")
-    .textAlign("left")
-    .textBaseline("bottom")
-    .textMargin(3);
-/**
- * Constructs a new line mark with default properties. Lines are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a series of connected line segments, or <i>polyline</i>,
- * that can be stroked with a configurable color and thickness. Each
- * articulation point in the line corresponds to a datum; for <i>n</i> points,
- * <i>n</i>-1 connected line segments are drawn. The point is positioned using
- * the box model. Arbitrary paths are also possible, allowing radar plots and
- * other custom visualizations.
- *
- * <p>Like areas, lines can be stroked and filled with arbitrary colors. In most
- * cases, lines are only stroked, but the fill style can be used to construct
- * arbitrary polygons.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Line.html">Line guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Line = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Line.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("lineWidth")
-    .property("strokeStyle")
-    .property("fillStyle")
-    .property("segmented")
-    .property("interpolate");
-
-pv.Line.prototype.type = "line";
-
-/**
- * The width of stroked lines, in pixels; used in conjunction with
- * <tt>strokeStyle</tt> to stroke the line.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Line.prototype.lineWidth
- */
-
-/**
- * The style of stroked lines; used in conjunction with <tt>lineWidth</tt> to
- * stroke the line. The default value of this property is a categorical color.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Line.prototype.strokeStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * The line fill style; if non-null, the interior of the line is closed and
- * filled with the specified color. The default value of this property is a
- * null, meaning that lines are not filled by default.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Line.prototype.fillStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * Whether the line is segmented; whether variations in stroke style, line width
- * and the other properties are treated as fixed. Rendering segmented lines is
- * noticeably slower than non-segmented lines.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i>. See {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type boolean
- * @name pv.Line.prototype.segmented
- */
-
-/**
- * How to interpolate between values. Linear interpolation ("linear") is the
- * default, producing a straight line between points. For piecewise constant
- * functions (i.e., step functions), either "step-before" or "step-after" can be
- * specified.
- *
- * <p>Note: this property is currently supported only on non-segmented lines.
- *
- * <p>This property is <i>fixed</i>. See {@link pv.Mark}.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Line.prototype.interpolate
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for lines. By default, there is no fill and the stroke
- * style is a categorical color. The default interpolation is linear.
- *
- * @type pv.Line
- */
-pv.Line.prototype.defaults = new pv.Line()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .lineWidth(1.5)
-    .strokeStyle(defaultStrokeStyle)
-    .interpolate("linear");
-
-/** @private */
-var pv_Line_specials = {left:1, top:1, right:1, bottom:1, name:1};
-
-/** @private */
-pv.Line.prototype.bind = function() {
-  pv.Mark.prototype.bind.call(this);
-  var binds = this.binds,
-      properties = binds.properties,
-      specials = binds.specials = [];
-  for (var i = 0, n = properties.length; i < n; i++) {
-    var p = properties[i];
-    if (p.name in pv_Line_specials) specials.push(p);
-  }
-};
-
-/** @private */
-pv.Line.prototype.buildInstance = function(s) {
-  if (this.index && !this.scene[0].segmented) {
-    this.buildProperties(s, this.binds.specials);
-    this.buildImplied(s);
-  } else {
-    pv.Mark.prototype.buildInstance.call(this, s);
-  }
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new rule with default properties. Rules are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a horizontal or vertical rule. Rules are frequently used
- * for axes and grid lines. For example, specifying only the bottom property
- * draws horizontal rules, while specifying only the left draws vertical
- * rules. Rules can also be used as thin bars. The visual style is controlled in
- * the same manner as lines.
- *
- * <p>Rules are positioned exclusively the standard box model properties. The
- * following combinations of properties are supported:
- *
- * <table>
- * <thead><th style="width:12em;">Properties</th><th>Orientation</th></thead>
- * <tbody>
- * <tr><td>left</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>right</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>left, bottom, top</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>right, bottom, top</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>top</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>bottom</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>top, left, right</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>bottom, left, right</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>left, top, height</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>left, bottom, height</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>right, top, height</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>right, bottom, height</td><td>vertical</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>left, top, width</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>left, bottom, width</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>right, top, width</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * <tr><td>right, bottom, width</td><td>horizontal</td></tr>
- * </tbody>
- * </table>
- *
- * <p>Small rules can be used as tick marks; alternatively, a {@link Dot} with
- * the "tick" shape can be used.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Rule.html">Rule guide</a>.
- *
- * @see pv.Line
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Rule = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Rule.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("width")
-    .property("height")
-    .property("lineWidth")
-    .property("strokeStyle");
-
-pv.Rule.prototype.type = "rule";
-
-/**
- * The width of the rule, in pixels. If the left position is specified, the rule
- * extends rightward from the left edge; if the right position is specified, the
- * rule extends leftward from the right edge.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Rule.prototype.width
- */
-
-/**
- * The height of the rule, in pixels. If the bottom position is specified, the
- * rule extends upward from the bottom edge; if the top position is specified,
- * the rule extends downward from the top edge.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Rule.prototype.height
- */
-
-/**
- * The width of stroked lines, in pixels; used in conjunction with
- * <tt>strokeStyle</tt> to stroke the rule. The default value is 1 pixel.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Rule.prototype.lineWidth
- */
-
-/**
- * The style of stroked lines; used in conjunction with <tt>lineWidth</tt> to
- * stroke the rule. The default value of this property is black.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Rule.prototype.strokeStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for rules. By default, a single-pixel black line is
- * stroked.
- *
- * @type pv.Rule
- */
-pv.Rule.prototype.defaults = new pv.Rule()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .lineWidth(1)
-    .strokeStyle("black");
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new rule anchor with default properties. Rules support five
- * different anchors:<ul>
- *
- * <li>top
- * <li>left
- * <li>center
- * <li>bottom
- * <li>right
- *
- * </ul>In addition to positioning properties (left, right, top bottom), the
- * anchors support text rendering properties (text-align, text-baseline). Text is
- * rendered to appear outside the rule. Note that this behavior is different
- * from other mark anchors, which default to rendering text <i>inside</i> the
- * mark.
- *
- * <p>For consistency with the other mark types, the anchor positions are
- * defined in terms of their opposite edge. For example, the top anchor defines
- * the bottom property, such that a bar added to the top anchor grows upward.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor}
- */
-pv.Rule.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-  return pv.Bar.prototype.anchor.call(this, name)
-    .textAlign(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "left": return "right";
-          case "bottom":
-          case "top":
-          case "center": return "center";
-          case "right": return "left";
-        }
-      })
-    .textBaseline(function(d) {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "right":
-          case "left":
-          case "center": return "middle";
-          case "top": return "bottom";
-          case "bottom": return "top";
-        }
-      });
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Overrides the default behavior of {@link pv.Mark.buildImplied} to
- * determine the orientation (vertical or horizontal) of the rule.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the rule to build.
- */
-pv.Rule.prototype.buildImplied = function(s) {
-  var l = s.left, r = s.right, t = s.top, b = s.bottom;
-
-  /* Determine horizontal or vertical orientation. */
-  if ((s.width != null)
-      || ((l == null) && (r == null))
-      || ((r != null) && (l != null))) {
-    s.height = 0;
-  } else {
-    s.width = 0;
-  }
-
-  pv.Mark.prototype.buildImplied.call(this, s);
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new, empty panel with default properties. Panels, with the
- * exception of the root panel, are not typically constructed directly; instead,
- * they are added to an existing panel or mark via {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a container mark. Panels allow repeated or nested
- * structures, commonly used in small multiple displays where a small
- * visualization is tiled to facilitate comparison across one or more
- * dimensions. Other types of visualizations may benefit from repeated and
- * possibly overlapping structure as well, such as stacked area charts. Panels
- * can also offset the position of marks to provide padding from surrounding
- * content.
- *
- * <p>All Protovis displays have at least one panel; this is the root panel to
- * which marks are rendered. The box model properties (four margins, width and
- * height) are used to offset the positions of contained marks. The data
- * property determines the panel count: a panel is generated once per associated
- * datum. When nested panels are used, property functions can declare additional
- * arguments to access the data associated with enclosing panels.
- *
- * <p>Panels can be rendered inline, facilitating the creation of sparklines.
- * This allows designers to reuse browser layout features, such as text flow and
- * tables; designers can also overlay HTML elements such as rich text and
- * images.
- *
- * <p>All panels have a <tt>children</tt> array (possibly empty) containing the
- * child marks in the order they were added. Panels also have a <tt>root</tt>
- * field which points to the root (outermost) panel; the root panel's root field
- * points to itself.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/">Protovis guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Bar
- */
-pv.Panel = function() {
-  pv.Bar.call(this);
-
-  /**
-   * The child marks; zero or more {@link pv.Mark}s in the order they were
-   * added.
-   *
-   * @see #add
-   * @type pv.Mark[]
-   */
-  this.children = [];
-  this.root = this;
-
-  /**
-   * The internal $dom field is set by the Protovis loader; see lang/init.js. It
-   * refers to the script element that contains the Protovis specification, so
-   * that the panel knows where in the DOM to insert the generated SVG element.
-   *
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$dom = pv.Panel.$dom;
-};
-
-pv.Panel.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Bar)
-    .property("canvas")
-    .property("overflow");
-
-pv.Panel.prototype.type = "panel";
-
-/**
- * The canvas element; either the string ID of the canvas element in the current
- * document, or a reference to the canvas element itself. If null, a canvas
- * element will be created and inserted into the document at the location of the
- * script element containing the current Protovis specification. This property
- * only applies to root panels and is ignored on nested panels.
- *
- * <p>Note: the "canvas" element here refers to a <tt>div</tt> (or other suitable
- * HTML container element), <i>not</i> a <tt>canvas</tt> element. The name of
- * this property is a historical anachronism from the first implementation that
- * used HTML 5 canvas, rather than SVG.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Panel.prototype.canvas
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for panels. By default, the margins are zero, the fill
- * style is transparent.
- *
- * @type pv.Panel
- */
-pv.Panel.prototype.defaults = new pv.Panel()
-    .extend(pv.Bar.prototype.defaults)
-    .fillStyle(null)
-    .overflow("visible");
-
-/**
- * Returns an anchor with the specified name. This method is overridden since
- * the behavior of Panel anchors is slightly different from normal anchors:
- * adding to an anchor adds to the anchor target's, rather than the anchor
- * target's parent. To avoid double margins, we override the anchor's proto so
- * that the margins are zero.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor} the new anchor.
- */
-pv.Panel.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-
-  /* A "view" of this panel whose margins appear to be zero. */
-  function z() { return 0; }
-  z.prototype = this;
-  z.prototype.left = z.prototype.right = z.prototype.top = z.prototype.bottom = z;
-
-  var anchor = pv.Bar.prototype.anchor.call(new z(), name)
-      .data(function(d) { return [d]; });
-  anchor.parent = this;
-  return anchor;
-};
-
-/**
- * Adds a new mark of the specified type to this panel. Unlike the normal
- * {@link Mark#add} behavior, adding a mark to a panel does not cause the mark
- * to inherit from the panel. Since the contained marks are offset by the panel
- * margins already, inheriting properties is generally undesirable; of course,
- * it is always possible to change this behavior by calling {@link Mark#extend}
- * explicitly.
- *
- * @param {function} type the type of the new mark to add.
- * @returns {pv.Mark} the new mark.
- */
-pv.Panel.prototype.add = function(type) {
-  var child = new type();
-  child.parent = this;
-  child.root = this.root;
-  child.childIndex = this.children.length;
-  this.children.push(child);
-  return child;
-};
-
-/** @private TODO */
-pv.Panel.prototype.bind = function() {
-  pv.Mark.prototype.bind.call(this);
-  for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
-    this.children[i].bind();
-  }
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Evaluates all of the properties for this panel for the specified
- * instance <tt>s</tt> in the scene graph, including recursively building the
- * scene graph for child marks.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the panel to build.
- * @see Mark#scene
- */
-pv.Panel.prototype.buildInstance = function(s) {
-  pv.Bar.prototype.buildInstance.call(this, s);
-  if (!s.children) s.children = [];
-
-  /*
-   * Build each child, passing in the parent (this panel) scene graph node. The
-   * child mark's scene is initialized from the corresponding entry in the
-   * existing scene graph, such that properties from the previous build can be
-   * reused; this is largely to facilitate the recycling of SVG elements.
-   */
-  for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
-    this.children[i].scene = s.children[i]; // possibly undefined
-    this.children[i].build();
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * Once the child marks have been built, the new scene graph nodes are removed
-   * from the child marks and placed into the scene graph. The nodes cannot
-   * remain on the child nodes because this panel (or a parent panel) may be
-   * instantiated multiple times!
-   */
-  for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
-    s.children[i] = this.children[i].scene;
-    delete this.children[i].scene;
-  }
-
-  /* Delete any expired child scenes, should child marks have been removed. */
-  s.children.length = this.children.length;
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Computes the implied properties for this panel for the specified
- * instance <tt>s</tt> in the scene graph. Panels have two implied
- * properties:<ul>
- *
- * <li>The <tt>canvas</tt> property references the DOM element, typically a DIV,
- * that contains the SVG element that is used to display the visualization. This
- * property may be specified as a string, referring to the unique ID of the
- * element in the DOM. The string is converted to a reference to the DOM
- * element. The width and height of the SVG element is inferred from this DOM
- * element. If no canvas property is specified, a new SVG element is created and
- * inserted into the document, using the panel dimensions; see
- * {@link #createCanvas}.
- *
- * <li>The <tt>children</tt> array, while not a property per se, contains the
- * scene graph for each child mark. This array is initialized to be empty, and
- * is populated above in {@link #buildInstance}.
- *
- * </ul>The current implementation creates the SVG element, if necessary, during
- * the build phase; in the future, it may be preferrable to move this to the
- * update phase, although then the canvas property would be undefined. In
- * addition, DOM inspection is necessary to define the implied width and height
- * properties that may be inferred from the DOM.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the panel to build.
- */
-pv.Panel.prototype.buildImplied = function(s) {
-  if (!this.parent) {
-    var c = s.canvas;
-    if (c) {
-      if (typeof c == "string") c = document.getElementById(c);
-
-      /* Clear the container if it's not associated with this panel. */
-      if (c.$panel != this) {
-        c.$panel = this;
-        c.innerHTML = "";
-      }
-
-      /* If width and height weren't specified, inspect the container. */
-      var w, h;
-      if (s.width == null) {
-        w = parseFloat(pv.css(c, "width"));
-        s.width = w - s.left - s.right;
-      }
-      if (s.height == null) {
-        h = parseFloat(pv.css(c, "height"));
-        s.height = h - s.top - s.bottom;
-      }
-    } else if (s.$canvas) {
-
-      /*
-       * If the canvas property is null, and we previously created a canvas for
-       * this scene node, reuse the previous canvas rather than creating a new
-       * one.
-       */
-      c = s.$canvas;
-    } else {
-
-      /**
-       * Returns the last element in the current document's body. The canvas
-       * element is appended to this last element if another DOM element has not
-       * already been specified via the <tt>$dom</tt> field.
-       */
-      function lastElement() {
-        var node = document.body;
-        while (node.lastChild && node.lastChild.tagName) {
-          node = node.lastChild;
-        }
-        return (node == document.body) ? node : node.parentNode;
-      }
-
-      /* Insert a new container into the DOM. */
-      c = s.$canvas = document.createElement("span");
-      this.$dom // script element for text/javascript+protovis
-          ? this.$dom.parentNode.insertBefore(c, this.$dom)
-          : lastElement().appendChild(c);
-    }
-    s.canvas = c;
-  }
-  pv.Bar.prototype.buildImplied.call(this, s);
-};
-/**
- * Constructs a new dot mark with default properties. Images are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents an image. Images share the same layout and style properties as
- * bars, in conjunction with an external image such as PNG or JPEG. The image is
- * specified via the {@link #url} property. The fill, if specified, appears
- * beneath the image, while the optional stroke appears above the image.
- *
- * <p>TODO Restore support for dynamic images (such as heatmaps). These were
- * supported in the canvas implementation using the pixel buffer API; although
- * SVG does not support pixel manipulation, it is possible to embed a canvas
- * element in SVG using foreign objects.
- *
- * <p>TODO Allow different modes of image placement: "scale" -- scale and
- * preserve aspect ratio, "tile" -- repeat the image, "center" -- center the
- * image, "fill" -- scale without preserving aspect ratio.
- *
- * <p>See {@link pv.Bar} for details on positioning properties.
- *
- * @extends pv.Bar
- */
-pv.Image = function() {
-  pv.Bar.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Image.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Bar)
-    .property("url");
-
-pv.Image.prototype.type = "image";
-
-/**
- * The URL of the image to display. The set of supported image types is
- * browser-dependent; PNG and JPEG are recommended.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Image.prototype.url
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for images. By default, there is no stroke or fill style.
- *
- * @type pv.Image
- */
-pv.Image.prototype.defaults = new pv.Image()
-    .extend(pv.Bar.prototype.defaults)
-    .fillStyle(null);
-/**
- * Constructs a new wedge with default properties. Wedges are not typically
- * constructed directly, but by adding to a panel or an existing mark via
- * {@link pv.Mark#add}.
- *
- * @class Represents a wedge, or pie slice. Specified in terms of start and end
- * angle, inner and outer radius, wedges can be used to construct donut charts
- * and polar bar charts as well. If the {@link #angle} property is used, the end
- * angle is implied by adding this value to start angle. By default, the start
- * angle is the previously-generated wedge's end angle. This design allows
- * explicit control over the wedge placement if desired, while offering
- * convenient defaults for the construction of radial graphs.
- *
- * <p>The center point of the circle is positioned using the standard box model.
- * The wedge can be stroked and filled, similar to {link Bar}.
- *
- * <p>See also the <a href="../../api/Wedge.html">Wedge guide</a>.
- *
- * @extends pv.Mark
- */
-pv.Wedge = function() {
-  pv.Mark.call(this);
-};
-
-pv.Wedge.prototype = pv.extend(pv.Mark)
-    .property("startAngle")
-    .property("endAngle")
-    .property("angle")
-    .property("innerRadius")
-    .property("outerRadius")
-    .property("lineWidth")
-    .property("strokeStyle")
-    .property("fillStyle");
-
-pv.Wedge.prototype.type = "wedge";
-
-/**
- * The start angle of the wedge, in radians. The start angle is measured
- * clockwise from the 3 o'clock position. The default value of this property is
- * the end angle of the previous instance (the {@link Mark#sibling}), or -PI / 2
- * for the first wedge; for pie and donut charts, typically only the
- * {@link #angle} property needs to be specified.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.startAngle
- */
-
-/**
- * The end angle of the wedge, in radians. If not specified, the end angle is
- * implied as the start angle plus the {@link #angle}.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.endAngle
- */
-
-/**
- * The angular span of the wedge, in radians. This property is used if end angle
- * is not specified.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.angle
- */
-
-/**
- * The inner radius of the wedge, in pixels. The default value of this property
- * is zero; a positive value will produce a donut slice rather than a pie slice.
- * The inner radius can vary per-wedge.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.innerRadius
- */
-
-/**
- * The outer radius of the wedge, in pixels. This property is required. For
- * pies, only this radius is required; for donuts, the inner radius must be
- * specified as well. The outer radius can vary per-wedge.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.outerRadius
- */
-
-/**
- * The width of stroked lines, in pixels; used in conjunction with
- * <tt>strokeStyle</tt> to stroke the wedge's border.
- *
- * @type number
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.lineWidth
- */
-
-/**
- * The style of stroked lines; used in conjunction with <tt>lineWidth</tt> to
- * stroke the wedge's border. The default value of this property is null,
- * meaning wedges are not stroked by default.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.strokeStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * The wedge fill style; if non-null, the interior of the wedge is filled with
- * the specified color. The default value of this property is a categorical
- * color.
- *
- * @type string
- * @name pv.Wedge.prototype.fillStyle
- * @see pv.color
- */
-
-/**
- * Default properties for wedges. By default, there is no stroke and the fill
- * style is a categorical color.
- *
- * @type pv.Wedge
- */
-pv.Wedge.prototype.defaults = new pv.Wedge()
-    .extend(pv.Mark.prototype.defaults)
-    .startAngle(function() {
-        var s = this.sibling();
-        return s ? s.endAngle : -Math.PI / 2;
-      })
-    .innerRadius(0)
-    .lineWidth(1.5)
-    .strokeStyle(null)
-    .fillStyle(defaultFillStyle.by(pv.index));
-
-/**
- * Returns the mid-radius of the wedge, which is defined as half-way between the
- * inner and outer radii.
- *
- * @see #innerRadius
- * @see #outerRadius
- * @returns {number} the mid-radius, in pixels.
- */
-pv.Wedge.prototype.midRadius = function() {
-  return (this.innerRadius() + this.outerRadius()) / 2;
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the mid-angle of the wedge, which is defined as half-way between the
- * start and end angles.
- *
- * @see #startAngle
- * @see #endAngle
- * @returns {number} the mid-angle, in radians.
- */
-pv.Wedge.prototype.midAngle = function() {
-  return (this.startAngle() + this.endAngle()) / 2;
-};
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new wedge anchor with default properties. Wedges support five
- * different anchors:<ul>
- *
- * <li>outer
- * <li>inner
- * <li>center
- * <li>start
- * <li>end
- *
- * </ul>In addition to positioning properties (left, right, top bottom), the
- * anchors support text rendering properties (text-align, text-baseline,
- * textAngle). Text is rendered to appear inside the wedge.
- *
- * @param {string} name the anchor name; either a string or a property function.
- * @returns {pv.Anchor}
- */
-pv.Wedge.prototype.anchor = function(name) {
-  var w = this;
-  return pv.Mark.prototype.anchor.call(this, name)
-    .left(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "outer": return w.left() + w.outerRadius() * Math.cos(w.midAngle());
-          case "inner": return w.left() + w.innerRadius() * Math.cos(w.midAngle());
-          case "start": return w.left() + w.midRadius() * Math.cos(w.startAngle());
-          case "center": return w.left() + w.midRadius() * Math.cos(w.midAngle());
-          case "end": return w.left() + w.midRadius() * Math.cos(w.endAngle());
-        }
-      })
-    .right(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "outer": return w.right() + w.outerRadius() * Math.cos(w.midAngle());
-          case "inner": return w.right() + w.innerRadius() * Math.cos(w.midAngle());
-          case "start": return w.right() + w.midRadius() * Math.cos(w.startAngle());
-          case "center": return w.right() + w.midRadius() * Math.cos(w.midAngle());
-          case "end": return w.right() + w.midRadius() * Math.cos(w.endAngle());
-        }
-      })
-    .top(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "outer": return w.top() + w.outerRadius() * Math.sin(w.midAngle());
-          case "inner": return w.top() + w.innerRadius() * Math.sin(w.midAngle());
-          case "start": return w.top() + w.midRadius() * Math.sin(w.startAngle());
-          case "center": return w.top() + w.midRadius() * Math.sin(w.midAngle());
-          case "end": return w.top() + w.midRadius() * Math.sin(w.endAngle());
-        }
-      })
-    .bottom(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "outer": return w.bottom() + w.outerRadius() * Math.sin(w.midAngle());
-          case "inner": return w.bottom() + w.innerRadius() * Math.sin(w.midAngle());
-          case "start": return w.bottom() + w.midRadius() * Math.sin(w.startAngle());
-          case "center": return w.bottom() + w.midRadius() * Math.sin(w.midAngle());
-          case "end": return w.bottom() + w.midRadius() * Math.sin(w.endAngle());
-        }
-      })
-    .textAlign(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "outer": return pv.Wedge.upright(w.midAngle()) ? "right" : "left";
-          case "inner": return pv.Wedge.upright(w.midAngle()) ? "left" : "right";
-        }
-        return "center";
-      })
-    .textBaseline(function() {
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "start": return pv.Wedge.upright(w.startAngle()) ? "top" : "bottom";
-          case "end": return pv.Wedge.upright(w.endAngle()) ? "bottom" : "top";
-        }
-        return "middle";
-      })
-    .textAngle(function() {
-        var a = 0;
-        switch (this.name()) {
-          case "center":
-          case "inner":
-          case "outer": a = w.midAngle(); break;
-          case "start": a = w.startAngle(); break;
-          case "end": a = w.endAngle(); break;
-        }
-        return pv.Wedge.upright(a) ? a : (a + Math.PI);
-      });
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns true if the specified angle is considered "upright", as in, text
- * rendered at that angle would appear upright. If the angle is not upright,
- * text is rotated 180 degrees to be upright, and the text alignment properties
- * are correspondingly changed.
- *
- * @param {number} angle an angle, in radius.
- * @returns {boolean} true if the specified angle is upright.
- */
-pv.Wedge.upright = function(angle) {
-  angle = angle % (2 * Math.PI);
-  angle = (angle < 0) ? (2 * Math.PI + angle) : angle;
-  return (angle < Math.PI / 2) || (angle > 3 * Math.PI / 2);
-};
-
-/**
- * @private Overrides the default behavior of {@link pv.Mark.buildImplied} such
- * that the end angle is computed from the start angle and angle (angular span)
- * if not specified.
- *
- * @param s a node in the scene graph; the instance of the wedge to build.
- */
-pv.Wedge.prototype.buildImplied = function(s) {
-  pv.Mark.prototype.buildImplied.call(this, s);
-
-  /*
-   * TODO If the angle or endAngle is updated by an event handler, the implied
-   * properties won't recompute correctly, so this will lead to potentially
-   * buggy redraw. How to re-evaluate implied properties on update?
-   */
-  if (s.endAngle == null) s.endAngle = s.startAngle + s.angle;
-  if (s.angle == null) s.angle = s.endAngle - s.startAngle;
-};
-/**
- * @ignore
- * @namespace
- */
-pv.Layout = {};
-/**
- * Returns a new grid layout.
- *
- * @class A grid layout with regularly-sized rows and columns. <img
- * src="../grid.png" width="160" height="160" align="right"> The number of rows
- * and columns are determined from the array, which should be in row-major
- * order. For example, the 2&times;3 array:
- *
- * <pre>1 2 3
- * 4 5 6</pre>
- *
- * should be represented as:
- *
- * <pre>[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]</pre>
- *
- * If your data is in column-major order, you can use {@link pv.transpose} to
- * transpose it.
- *
- * <p>This layout defines left, top, width, height and data properties. The data
- * property will be the associated element in the array. For example, if the
- * array is a two-dimensional array of values in the range [0,1], a simple
- * heatmap can be generated as:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Bar)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.grid(array))
- *   .fillStyle(pv.ramp("white", "black"))</pre>
- *
- * By default, the grid fills the full width and height of the parent panel.
- *
- * @param {array[]} arrays an array of arrays.
- * @returns {pv.Layout.grid} a grid layout.
- */
-pv.Layout.grid = function(arrays) {
-  var rows = arrays.length, cols = arrays[0].length;
-
-  /** @private */
-  function w() { return this.parent.width() / cols; }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function h() { return this.parent.height() / rows; }
-
-  /* A dummy mark, like an anchor, which the caller extends. */
-  return new pv.Mark()
-      .data(pv.blend(arrays))
-      .left(function() { return w.call(this) * (this.index % cols); })
-      .top(function() { return h.call(this) * Math.floor(this.index / cols); })
-      .width(w)
-      .height(h);
-};
-/**
- * Returns a new stack layout.
- *
- * @class A layout for stacking marks vertically or horizontally, using the
- * <i>cousin</i> instance. This layout is designed to be used for one of the
- * four positional properties in the box model, and changes behavior depending
- * on the property being evaluated:<ul>
- *
- * <li>bottom: cousin.bottom + cousin.height
- * <li>top: cousin.top + cousin.height
- * <li>left: cousin.left + cousin.width
- * <li>right: cousin.right + cousin.width
- *
- * </ul>If no cousin instance is available (for example, for first instance),
- * the specified offset is used. If no offset is specified, zero is used. For
- * example,
- *
- * <pre>new pv.Panel()
- *     .width(150).height(150)
- *   .add(pv.Panel)
- *     .data([[1, 1.2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.7],
- *            [.5, 1, .8, 1.1, 1.3],
- *            [.2, .5, .8, .9, 1]])
- *   .add(pv.Area)
- *     .data(function(d) d)
- *     .bottom(pv.Layout.stack())
- *     .height(function(d) d * 40)
- *     .left(function() this.index * 35)
- *   .root.render();</pre>
- *
- * specifies a vertically-stacked area chart.
- *
- * @returns {pv.Layout.stack} a stack property function.
- * @see pv.Mark#cousin
- */
-pv.Layout.stack = function() {
-  /** @private */
-  var offset = function() { return 0; };
-
-  /** @private */
-  function layout() {
-
-    /* Find the previous visible parent instance. */
-    var i = this.parent.index, p, c;
-    while ((i-- > 0) && !c) {
-      p = this.parent.scene[i];
-      if (p.visible) c = p.children[this.childIndex][this.index];
-    }
-
-    if (c) {
-      switch (property) {
-        case "bottom": return c.bottom + c.height;
-        case "top": return c.top + c.height;
-        case "left": return c.left + c.width;
-        case "right": return c.right + c.width;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return offset.apply(this, arguments);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets the offset for this stack layout. The offset can either be specified
-   * as a function or as a constant. If a function, the function is invoked in
-   * the same context as a normal property function: <tt>this</tt> refers to the
-   * mark, and the arguments are the full data stack. By default the offset is
-   * zero.
-   *
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.stack.prototype.offset
-   * @param {function} f offset function, or constant value.
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.stack} this.
-   */
-  layout.offset = function(f) {
-      offset = (f instanceof Function) ? f : function() { return f; };
-      return this;
-    };
-
-  return layout;
-};
-// TODO share code with Treemap
-// TODO vertical / horizontal orientation?
-
-/**
- * Returns a new icicle tree layout.
- *
- * @class A tree layout in the form of an icicle. <img src="../icicle.png"
- * width="160" height="160" align="right"> The first row corresponds to the root
- * of the tree; subsequent rows correspond to each tier. Rows are subdivided
- * into cells based on the size of nodes, per {@link #size}. Within a row, cells
- * are sorted by size.
- *
- * <p>This tree layout is intended to be extended (see {@link pv.Mark#extend})
- * by a {@link pv.Bar}. The data property returns an array of nodes for use by
- * other property functions. The following node attributes are supported:
- *
- * <ul>
- * <li><tt>left</tt> - the cell left position.
- * <li><tt>top</tt> - the cell top position.
- * <li><tt>width</tt> - the cell width.
- * <li><tt>height</tt> - the cell height.
- * <li><tt>depth</tt> - the node depth (tier; the root is 0).
- * <li><tt>keys</tt> - an array of string keys for the node.
- * <li><tt>size</tt> - the aggregate node size.
- * <li><tt>children</tt> - child nodes, if any.
- * <li><tt>data</tt> - the associated tree element, for leaf nodes.
- * </ul>
- *
- * To produce a default icicle layout, say:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Bar)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.icicle(tree))</pre>
- *
- * To customize the tree to highlight leaf nodes bigger than 10,000 (1E4), you
- * might say:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Bar)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.icicle(tree))
- *   .fillStyle(function(n) n.data > 1e4 ? "#ff0" : "#fff")</pre>
- *
- * The format of the <tt>tree</tt> argument is any hierarchical object whose
- * leaf nodes are numbers corresponding to their size. For an example, and
- * information on how to convert tabular data into such a tree, see
- * {@link pv.Tree}. If the leaf nodes are not numbers, a {@link #size} function
- * can be specified to override how the tree is interpreted. This size function
- * can also be used to transform the data.
- *
- * <p>By default, the icicle fills the full width and height of the parent
- * panel. An optional root key can be specified using {@link #root} for
- * convenience.
- *
- * @param tree a tree (an object) who leaf attributes have sizes.
- * @returns {pv.Layout.icicle} a tree layout.
- */
-pv.Layout.icicle = function(tree) {
-  var keys = [], sizeof = Number;
-
-  /** @private */
-  function accumulate(map) {
-    var node = {size: 0, children: [], keys: keys.slice()};
-    for (var key in map) {
-      var child = map[key], size = sizeof(child);
-      keys.push(key);
-      if (isNaN(size)) {
-        child = accumulate(child);
-      } else {
-        child = {size: size, data: child, keys: keys.slice()};
-      }
-      node.children.push(child);
-      node.size += child.size;
-      keys.pop();
-    }
-    node.children.sort(function(a, b) { return b.size - a.size; });
-    return node;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function scale(node, k) {
-    node.size *= k;
-    if (node.children) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        scale(node.children[i], k);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function depth(node, i) {
-    i = i ? (i + 1) : 1;
-    return node.children
-        ? pv.max(node.children, function(n) { return depth(n, i); })
-        : i;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function layout(node) {
-    if (node.children) {
-      icify(node);
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        layout(node.children[i]);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function icify(node) {
-    var left = node.left;
-    for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-      var child = node.children[i], width = (child.size / node.size) * node.width;
-      child.left = left;
-      child.top = node.top + node.height;
-      child.width = width;
-      child.height = node.height;
-      child.depth = node.depth + 1;
-      left += width;
-      if (child.children) {
-        icify(child);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function flatten(node, array) {
-    if (node.children) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        flatten(node.children[i], array);
-      }
-    }
-    array.push(node)
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function data() {
-    var root = accumulate(tree);
-    root.top = 0;
-    root.left = 0;
-    root.width = this.parent.width();
-    root.height = this.parent.height() / depth(root);
-    root.depth = 0;
-    layout(root);
-    return flatten(root, []).reverse();
-  }
-
-  /* A dummy mark, like an anchor, which the caller extends. */
-  var mark = new pv.Mark()
-      .data(data)
-      .left(function(n) { return n.left; })
-      .top(function(n) { return n.top; })
-      .width(function(n) { return n.width; })
-      .height(function(n) { return n.height; });
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the root key; optional. The root key is prepended to the
-   * <tt>keys</tt> attribute for all generated nodes. This method is provided
-   * for convenience and does not affect layout.
-   *
-   * @param {string} v the root key.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.icicle.prototype.root
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.icicle} this.
-   */
-  mark.root = function(v) {
-    keys = [v];
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the sizing function. By default, the sizing function is
-   * <tt>Number</tt>. The sizing function is invoked for each node in the tree
-   * (passed to the constructor): the sizing function must return
-   * <tt>undefined</tt> or <tt>NaN</tt> for internal nodes, and a number for
-   * leaf nodes. The aggregate sizes of internal nodes will be automatically
-   * computed by the layout.
-   *
-   * <p>For example, if the tree data structure represents a file system, with
-   * files as leaf nodes, and each file has a <tt>bytes</tt> attribute, you can
-   * specify a size function as:
-   *
-   * <pre>.size(function(d) d.bytes)</pre>
-   *
-   * This function will return <tt>undefined</tt> for internal nodes (since
-   * these do not have a <tt>bytes</tt> attribute), and a number for leaf nodes.
-   *
-   * <p>Note that the built-in <tt>Math.sqrt</tt> and <tt>Math.log</tt> methods
-   * can also be used as sizing functions. These function similarly to
-   * <tt>Number</tt>, except perform a root and log scale, respectively.
-   *
-   * @param {function} f the new sizing function.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.icicle.prototype.size
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.icicle} this.
-   */
-  mark.size = function(f) {
-    sizeof = f;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  return mark;
-};
-// TODO share code with Treemap
-// TODO inspect parent panel dimensions to set inner and outer radii
-
-/**
- * Returns a new sunburst tree layout.
- *
- * @class A tree layout in the form of a sunburst. <img
- * src="../sunburst.png" width="160" height="160" align="right"> The
- * center circle corresponds to the root of the tree; subsequent rings
- * correspond to each tier. Rings are subdivided into wedges based on the size
- * of nodes, per {@link #size}. Within a ring, wedges are sorted by size.
- *
- * <p>The tree layout is intended to be extended (see {@link pv.Mark#extend} by
- * a {@link pv.Wedge}. The data property returns an array of nodes for use by
- * other property functions. The following node attributes are supported:
- *
- * <ul>
- * <li><tt>left</tt> - the wedge left position.
- * <li><tt>top</tt> - the wedge top position.
- * <li><tt>innerRadius</tt> - the wedge inner radius.
- * <li><tt>outerRadius</tt> - the wedge outer radius.
- * <li><tt>startAngle</tt> - the wedge start angle.
- * <li><tt>endAngle</tt> - the wedge end angle.
- * <li><tt>angle</tt> - the wedge angle.
- * <li><tt>depth</tt> - the node depth (tier; the root is 0).
- * <li><tt>keys</tt> - an array of string keys for the node.
- * <li><tt>size</tt> - the aggregate node size.
- * <li><tt>children</tt> - child nodes, if any.
- * <li><tt>data</tt> - the associated tree element, for leaf nodes.
- * </ul>
- *
- * <p>To produce a default sunburst layout, say:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Wedge)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.sunburst(tree))</pre>
- *
- * To only show nodes at a depth of two or greater, you might say:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Wedge)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.sunburst(tree))
- *   .visible(function(n) n.depth > 1)</pre>
- *
- * The format of the <tt>tree</tt> argument is a hierarchical object whose leaf
- * nodes are numbers corresponding to their size. For an example, and
- * information on how to convert tabular data into such a tree, see
- * {@link pv.Tree}. If the leaf nodes are not numbers, a {@link #size} function
- * can be specified to override how the tree is interpreted. This size function
- * can also be used to transform the data.
- *
- * <p>By default, the sunburst fills the full width and height of the parent
- * panel. An optional root key can be specified using {@link #root} for
- * convenience.
- *
- * @param tree a tree (an object) who leaf attributes have sizes.
- * @returns {pv.Layout.sunburst} a tree layout.
- */
-pv.Layout.sunburst = function(tree) {
-  var keys = [], sizeof = Number, w, h, r;
-
-  /** @private */
-  function accumulate(map) {
-    var node = {size: 0, children: [], keys: keys.slice()};
-    for (var key in map) {
-      var child = map[key], size = sizeof(child);
-      keys.push(key);
-      if (isNaN(size)) {
-        child = accumulate(child);
-      } else {
-        child = {size: size, data: child, keys: keys.slice()};
-      }
-      node.children.push(child);
-      node.size += child.size;
-      keys.pop();
-    }
-    node.children.sort(function(a, b) { return b.size - a.size; });
-    return node;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function scale(node, k) {
-    node.size *= k;
-    if (node.children) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        scale(node.children[i], k);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function depth(node, i) {
-    i = i ? (i + 1) : 1;
-    return node.children
-        ? pv.max(node.children, function(n) { return depth(n, i); })
-        : i;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function layout(node) {
-    if (node.children) {
-      wedgify(node);
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        layout(node.children[i]);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function wedgify(node) {
-    var startAngle = node.startAngle;
-    for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-      var child = node.children[i], angle = (child.size / node.size) * node.angle;
-      child.startAngle = startAngle;
-      child.angle = angle;
-      child.endAngle = startAngle + angle;
-      child.depth = node.depth + 1;
-      child.left = w / 2;
-      child.top = h / 2;
-      child.innerRadius = Math.max(0, child.depth - .5) * r;
-      child.outerRadius = (child.depth + .5) * r;
-      startAngle += angle;
-      if (child.children) {
-        wedgify(child);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function flatten(node, array) {
-    if (node.children) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        flatten(node.children[i], array);
-      }
-    }
-    array.push(node)
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function data() {
-    var root = accumulate(tree);
-    w = this.parent.width();
-    h = this.parent.height();
-    r = Math.min(w, h) / 2 / (depth(root) - .5);
-    root.left = w / 2;
-    root.top = h / 2;
-    root.startAngle = 0;
-    root.angle = 2 * Math.PI;
-    root.endAngle = 2 * Math.PI;
-    root.innerRadius = 0;
-    root.outerRadius = r;
-    root.depth = 0;
-    layout(root);
-    return flatten(root, []).reverse();
-  }
-
-  /* A dummy mark, like an anchor, which the caller extends. */
-  var mark = new pv.Mark()
-      .data(data)
-      .left(function(n) { return n.left; })
-      .top(function(n) { return n.top; })
-      .startAngle(function(n) { return n.startAngle; })
-      .angle(function(n) { return n.angle; })
-      .innerRadius(function(n) { return n.innerRadius; })
-      .outerRadius(function(n) { return n.outerRadius; });
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the root key; optional. The root key is prepended to the
-   * <tt>keys</tt> attribute for all generated nodes. This method is provided
-   * for convenience and does not affect layout.
-   *
-   * @param {string} v the root key.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.sunburst.prototype.root
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.sunburst} this.
-   */
-  mark.root = function(v) {
-    keys = [v];
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the sizing function. By default, the sizing function is
-   * <tt>Number</tt>. The sizing function is invoked for each node in the tree
-   * (passed to the constructor): the sizing function must return
-   * <tt>undefined</tt> or <tt>NaN</tt> for internal nodes, and a number for
-   * leaf nodes. The aggregate sizes of internal nodes will be automatically
-   * computed by the layout.
-   *
-   * <p>For example, if the tree data structure represents a file system, with
-   * files as leaf nodes, and each file has a <tt>bytes</tt> attribute, you can
-   * specify a size function as:
-   *
-   * <pre>.size(function(d) d.bytes)</pre>
-   *
-   * This function will return <tt>undefined</tt> for internal nodes (since
-   * these do not have a <tt>bytes</tt> attribute), and a number for leaf nodes.
-   *
-   * <p>Note that the built-in <tt>Math.sqrt</tt> and <tt>Math.log</tt> methods
-   * can be used as sizing functions. These function similarly to
-   * <tt>Number</tt>, except perform a root and log scale, respectively.
-   *
-   * @param {function} f the new sizing function.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.sunburst.prototype.size
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.sunburst} this.
-   */
-  mark.size = function(f) {
-    sizeof = f;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  return mark;
-};
-// TODO add `by` function for determining size (and children?)
-
-/**
- * Returns a new treemap tree layout.
- *
- * @class A tree layout in the form of an treemap. <img
- * src="../treemap.png" width="160" height="160" align="right"> Treemaps
- * are a form of space-filling layout that represents nodes as boxes, with child
- * nodes placed within parent boxes. The size of each box is proportional to the
- * size of the node in the tree.
- *
- * <p>This particular algorithm is taken from Bruls, D.M., C. Huizing, and
- * J.J. van Wijk, <a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~vanwijk/stm.pdf">"Squarified
- * Treemaps"</a> in <i>Data Visualization 2000, Proceedings of the Joint
- * Eurographics and IEEE TCVG Sumposium on Visualization</i>, 2000,
- * pp. 33-42.
- *
- * <p>This tree layout is intended to be extended (see {@link pv.Mark#extend})
- * by a {@link pv.Bar}. The data property returns an array of nodes for use by
- * other property functions. The following node attributes are supported:
- *
- * <ul>
- * <li><tt>left</tt> - the cell left position.
- * <li><tt>top</tt> - the cell top position.
- * <li><tt>width</tt> - the cell width.
- * <li><tt>height</tt> - the cell height.
- * <li><tt>depth</tt> - the node depth (tier; the root is 0).
- * <li><tt>keys</tt> - an array of string keys for the node.
- * <li><tt>size</tt> - the aggregate node size.
- * <li><tt>children</tt> - child nodes, if any.
- * <li><tt>data</tt> - the associated tree element, for leaf nodes.
- * </ul>
- *
- * To produce a default treemap layout, say:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Bar)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.treemap(tree))</pre>
- *
- * To display internal nodes, and color by depth, say:
- *
- * <pre>.add(pv.Bar)
- *   .extend(pv.Layout.treemap(tree).inset(10))
- *   .fillStyle(pv.Colors.category19().by(function(n) n.depth))</pre>
- *
- * The format of the <tt>tree</tt> argument is a hierarchical object whose leaf
- * nodes are numbers corresponding to their size. For an example, and
- * information on how to convert tabular data into such a tree, see
- * {@link pv.Tree}. If the leaf nodes are not numbers, a {@link #size} function
- * can be specified to override how the tree is interpreted. This size function
- * can also be used to transform the data.
- *
- * <p>By default, the treemap fills the full width and height of the parent
- * panel, and only leaf nodes are rendered. If an {@link #inset} is specified,
- * internal nodes will be rendered, each inset from their parent by the
- * specified margins. Rounding can be enabled using {@link #round}. Finally, an
- * optional root key can be specified using {@link #root} for convenience.
- *
- * @param tree a tree (an object) who leaf attributes have sizes.
- * @returns {pv.Layout.treemap} a tree layout.
- */
-pv.Layout.treemap = function(tree) {
-  var keys = [], round, inset, sizeof = Number;
-
-  /** @private */
-  function rnd(i) {
-    return round ? Math.round(i) : i;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function accumulate(map) {
-    var node = {size: 0, children: [], keys: keys.slice()};
-    for (var key in map) {
-      var child = map[key], size = sizeof(child);
-      keys.push(key);
-      if (isNaN(size)) {
-        child = accumulate(child);
-      } else {
-        child = {size: size, data: child, keys: keys.slice()};
-      }
-      node.children.push(child);
-      node.size += child.size;
-      keys.pop();
-    }
-    node.children.sort(function(a, b) { return a.size - b.size; });
-    return node;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function scale(node, k) {
-    node.size *= k;
-    if (node.children) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        scale(node.children[i], k);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function ratio(row, l) {
-    var rmax = -Infinity, rmin = Infinity, s = 0;
-    for (var i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
-      var r = row[i].size;
-      if (r < rmin) rmin = r;
-      if (r > rmax) rmax = r;
-      s += r;
-    }
-    s = s * s;
-    l = l * l;
-    return Math.max(l * rmax / s, s / (l * rmin));
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function squarify(node) {
-    var row = [], mink = Infinity;
-    var x = node.left + (inset ? inset.left : 0),
-        y = node.top + (inset ? inset.top : 0),
-        w = node.width - (inset ? inset.left + inset.right : 0),
-        h = node.height - (inset ? inset.top + inset.bottom : 0),
-        l = Math.min(w, h);
-
-    scale(node, w * h / node.size);
-
-    function position(row) {
-      var s = pv.sum(row, function(node) { return node.size; }),
-          hh = (l == 0) ? 0 : rnd(s / l);
-
-      for (var i = 0, d = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
-        var n = row[i], nw = rnd(n.size / hh);
-        if (w == l) {
-          n.left = x + d;
-          n.top = y;
-          n.width = nw;
-          n.height = hh;
-        } else {
-          n.left = x;
-          n.top = y + d;
-          n.width = hh;
-          n.height = nw;
-        }
-        d += nw;
-      }
-
-      if (w == l) {
-        if (n) n.width += w - d; // correct rounding error
-        y += hh;
-        h -= hh;
-      } else {
-        if (n) n.height += h - d; // correct rounding error
-        x += hh;
-        w -= hh;
-      }
-      l = Math.min(w, h);
-    }
-
-    var children = node.children.slice(); // copy
-    while (children.length > 0) {
-      var child = children[children.length - 1];
-      if (child.size <= 0) {
-        children.pop();
-        continue;
-      }
-      row.push(child);
-
-      var k = ratio(row, l);
-      if (k <= mink) {
-        children.pop();
-        mink = k;
-      } else {
-        row.pop();
-        position(row);
-        row.length = 0;
-        mink = Infinity;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (row.length > 0) {
-      position(row);
-    }
-
-    /* correct rounding error */
-    if (w == l) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
-        row[i].width += w;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (var i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
-        row[i].height += h;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function layout(node) {
-    if (node.children) {
-      squarify(node);
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        var child = node.children[i];
-        child.depth = node.depth + 1;
-        layout(child);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function flatten(node, array) {
-    if (node.children) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-        flatten(node.children[i], array);
-      }
-    }
-    if (inset || !node.children) {
-      array.push(node)
-    }
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  /** @private */
-  function data() {
-    var root = accumulate(tree);
-    root.left = 0;
-    root.top = 0;
-    root.width = this.parent.width();
-    root.height = this.parent.height();
-    root.depth = 0;
-    layout(root);
-    return flatten(root, []).reverse();
-  }
-
-  /* A dummy mark, like an anchor, which the caller extends. */
-  var mark = new pv.Mark()
-      .data(data)
-      .left(function(n) { return n.left; })
-      .top(function(n) { return n.top; })
-      .width(function(n) { return n.width; })
-      .height(function(n) { return n.height; });
-
-  /**
-   * Enables or disables rounding. When rounding is enabled, the left, top,
-   * width and height properties will be rounded to integer pixel values. The
-   * rounding algorithm uses error accumulation to ensure an exact fit.
-   *
-   * @param {boolean} v whether rounding should be enabled.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.treemap.prototype.round
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.treemap} this.
-   */
-  mark.round = function(v) {
-    round = v;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the margins to inset child nodes from their parents; as a side
-   * effect, this also enables the display of internal nodes, which are hidden
-   * by default. If only a single argument is specified, this value is used to
-   * inset all four sides.
-   *
-   * @param {number} top the top margin.
-   * @param {number} [right] the right margin.
-   * @param {number} [bottom] the bottom margin.
-   * @param {number} [left] the left margin.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.treemap.prototype.inset
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.treemap} this.
-   */
-  mark.inset = function(top, right, bottom, left) {
-    if (arguments.length == 1) right = bottom = left = top;
-    inset = {top:top, right:right, bottom:bottom, left:left};
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the root key; optional. The root key is prepended to the
-   * <tt>keys</tt> attribute for all generated nodes. This method is provided
-   * for convenience and does not affect layout.
-   *
-   * @param {string} v the root key.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.treemap.prototype.root
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.treemap} this.
-   */
-  mark.root = function(v) {
-    keys = [v];
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Specifies the sizing function. By default, the sizing function is
-   * <tt>Number</tt>. The sizing function is invoked for each node in the tree
-   * (passed to the constructor): the sizing function must return
-   * <tt>undefined</tt> or <tt>NaN</tt> for internal nodes, and a number for
-   * leaf nodes. The aggregate sizes of internal nodes will be automatically
-   * computed by the layout.
-   *
-   * <p>For example, if the tree data structure represents a file system, with
-   * files as leaf nodes, and each file has a <tt>bytes</tt> attribute, you can
-   * specify a size function as:
-   *
-   * <pre>.size(function(d) d.bytes)</pre>
-   *
-   * This function will return <tt>undefined</tt> for internal nodes (since
-   * these do not have a <tt>bytes</tt> attribute), and a number for leaf nodes.
-   *
-   * <p>Note that the built-in <tt>Math.sqrt</tt> and <tt>Math.log</tt> methods
-   * can be used as sizing functions. These function similarly to
-   * <tt>Number</tt>, except perform a root and log scale, respectively.
-   *
-   * @param {function} f the new sizing function.
-   * @function
-   * @name pv.Layout.treemap.prototype.size
-   * @returns {pv.Layout.treemap} this.
-   */
-  mark.size = function(f) {
-    sizeof = f;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  return mark;
-};
- return pv;}();/*
- * Parses the Protovis specifications on load, allowing the use of JavaScript
- * 1.8 function expressions on browsers that only support JavaScript 1.6.
- *
- * @see pv.parse
- */
-pv.listen(window, "load", function() {
-    var scripts = document.getElementsByTagName("script");
-    for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
-      var s = scripts[i];
-      if (s.type == "text/javascript+protovis") {
-        try {
-          pv.Panel.$dom = s;
-          window.eval(pv.parse(s.textContent || s.innerHTML)); // IE
-        } catch (e) {
-          pv.error(e);
-        }
-        delete pv.Panel.$dom;
-      }
-    }
-  });