Also simplify sdap_access_send to avoid completely fake _send() routines.

Simplifies and consolidates error reporting for ldap authentication paths.

Adds 3 new error codes:
    ERR_CHPASS_DENIED  - Used when password constraints deny password changes
    ERR_ACCOUNT_EXPIRED  - Account is expired
    ERR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED  - Password is expired

krb5 1.11 adds support for a new method for responding to
structured data queries. This method, called the responder,
provides an alternative to the prompter interface.

This patch adds support for this method. It takes the password
and provides it via a responder instead of the prompter. In the
case of OTP authentication, it also disables the caching of
credentials (since the credentials are one-time only).

C compiler did not complain, because "index" is function defined
in header file <string.h>

https://fedorahosted.org/sssd/ticket/1819

Use the new internal SSSD errors, to simplify error handling.
Instead of using up to 3 different error types (system, krb5 and
pam_status), collapse all error reporting into one error type mapped
on errno_t.

The returned error can contain either SSSD internal errors, kerberos
errors or system errors, they all use different number spaces so there
is no overlap and they can be safely merged.

This means that errors being sent from the child to the parent are not
pam status error messages anymore.
The callers have been changed to properly deal with that.

Also note that this patch removes returning SSS_PAM_SYSTEM_INFO from
the krb5_child for kerberos errors as all it was doing was simply to
make the parent emit the same debug log already emitted by the child,
and the code is simpler if we do not do that.

ret was defined as integer, instead of errno_t, and was uninitialized

The aim of this refactoring is to make the code readable and understandable.
This code has grown organically over time and has becomed confused and
baroque enough that understanding it's very simple flow had become very
complex for the uninitiated. Complex flows easily hide nasty bugs.

Improvements:
- Remove dead/unused data storage
- Fix and simplify talloc hierarchy, use a memory context (kr) for the
whole code and allocate kr->pd where it is filled up.
- Rename some functions to create a better name space (easier for
searching fucntions across the tree)
- Streamline setup function, by spliting out fast setup in a subroutine.
- Avoid confusing indirection in executng actual functions by not
using the krb5_req child_req member.
- Make main() flow s now simmetric, send abck data from the main function
instead of delegating a reply to every inner function that implements a
command.

Now the flow is evident from the main function:
1. read request
2. setup data
3. execute command
4. send reply back