Merge w/ trunk.

7 files changed, 592 insertions, 46 deletions

diff --git a/nova/api/direct.py b/nova/api/direct.py
index dfca250e0..e5f33cee4 100644
--- a/nova/api/direct.py
+++ b/nova/api/direct.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import routes
 import webob
 
 from nova import context
+from nova import exception
 from nova import flags
 from nova import utils
 from nova import wsgi
@@ -205,10 +206,53 @@ class ServiceWrapper(wsgi.Controller):
         # NOTE(vish): make sure we have no unicode keys for py2.6.
         params = dict([(str(k), v) for (k, v) in params.iteritems()])
         result = method(context, **params)
-        if type(result) is dict or type(result) is list:
-            return self._serialize(result, req.best_match_content_type())
-        else:
+        if result is None or type(result) is str or type(result) is unicode:
             return result
+        try:
+            return self._serialize(result, req.best_match_content_type())
+        except:
+            raise exception.Error("returned non-serializable type: %s"
+                                  % result)
+
+
+class Limited(object):
+    __notdoc = """Limit the available methods on a given object.
+
+    (Not a docstring so that the docstring can be conditionally overriden.)
+
+    Useful when defining a public API that only exposes a subset of an
+    internal API.
+
+    Expected usage of this class is to define a subclass that lists the allowed
+    methods in the 'allowed' variable.
+
+    Additionally where appropriate methods can be added or overwritten, for
+    example to provide backwards compatibility.
+
+    The wrapping approach has been chosen so that the wrapped API can maintain
+    its own internal consistency, for example if it calls "self.create" it
+    should get its own create method rather than anything we do here.
+
+    """
+
+    _allowed = None
+
+    def __init__(self, proxy):
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        if not self.__doc__:
+            self.__doc__ = proxy.__doc__
+        if not self._allowed:
+            self._allowed = []
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        """Only return methods that are named in self._allowed."""
+        if key not in self._allowed:
+            raise AttributeError()
+        return getattr(self._proxy, key)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        """Only return methods that are named in self._allowed."""
+        return [x for x in dir(self._proxy) if x in self._allowed]
 
 
 class Proxy(object):
diff --git a/nova/api/ec2/cloud.py b/nova/api/ec2/cloud.py
index 2afcea77c..0da642318 100644
--- a/nova/api/ec2/cloud.py
+++ b/nova/api/ec2/cloud.py
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ class CloudController(object):
             volumes = []
             for ec2_id in volume_id:
                 internal_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(ec2_id)
-                volume = self.volume_api.get(context, internal_id)
+                volume = self.volume_api.get(context, volume_id=internal_id)
                 volumes.append(volume)
         else:
             volumes = self.volume_api.get_all(context)
@@ -585,9 +585,11 @@ class CloudController(object):
 
     def create_volume(self, context, size, **kwargs):
         LOG.audit(_("Create volume of %s GB"), size, context=context)
-        volume = self.volume_api.create(context, size,
-                                        kwargs.get('display_name'),
-                                        kwargs.get('display_description'))
+        volume = self.volume_api.create(
+                context,
+                size=size,
+                name=kwargs.get('display_name'),
+                description=kwargs.get('display_description'))
         # TODO(vish): Instance should be None at db layer instead of
         #             trying to lazy load, but for now we turn it into
         #             a dict to avoid an error.
@@ -606,7 +608,9 @@ class CloudController(object):
             if field in kwargs:
                 changes[field] = kwargs[field]
         if changes:
-            self.volume_api.update(context, volume_id, kwargs)
+            self.volume_api.update(context,
+                                   volume_id=volume_id,
+                                   fields=changes)
         return True
 
     def attach_volume(self, context, volume_id, instance_id, device, **kwargs):
@@ -619,7 +623,7 @@ class CloudController(object):
                                        instance_id=instance_id,
                                        volume_id=volume_id,
                                        device=device)
-        volume = self.volume_api.get(context, volume_id)
+        volume = self.volume_api.get(context, volume_id=volume_id)
         return {'attachTime': volume['attach_time'],
                 'device': volume['mountpoint'],
                 'instanceId': ec2utils.id_to_ec2_id(instance_id),
@@ -630,7 +634,7 @@ class CloudController(object):
     def detach_volume(self, context, volume_id, **kwargs):
         volume_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(volume_id)
         LOG.audit(_("Detach volume %s"), volume_id, context=context)
-        volume = self.volume_api.get(context, volume_id)
+        volume = self.volume_api.get(context, volume_id=volume_id)
         instance = self.compute_api.detach_volume(context, volume_id=volume_id)
         return {'attachTime': volume['attach_time'],
                 'device': volume['mountpoint'],
@@ -768,7 +772,7 @@ class CloudController(object):
 
     def release_address(self, context, public_ip, **kwargs):
         LOG.audit(_("Release address %s"), public_ip, context=context)
-        self.network_api.release_floating_ip(context, public_ip)
+        self.network_api.release_floating_ip(context, address=public_ip)
         return {'releaseResponse': ["Address released."]}
 
     def associate_address(self, context, instance_id, public_ip, **kwargs):
@@ -782,7 +786,7 @@ class CloudController(object):
 
     def disassociate_address(self, context, public_ip, **kwargs):
         LOG.audit(_("Disassociate address %s"), public_ip, context=context)
-        self.network_api.disassociate_floating_ip(context, public_ip)
+        self.network_api.disassociate_floating_ip(context, address=public_ip)
         return {'disassociateResponse': ["Address disassociated."]}
 
     def run_instances(self, context, **kwargs):
diff --git a/nova/api/openstack/__init__.py b/nova/api/openstack/__init__.py
index 4c15c6b57..49541772f 100644
--- a/nova/api/openstack/__init__.py
+++ b/nova/api/openstack/__init__.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class APIRouter(wsgi.Router):
         """Simple paste factory, :class:`nova.wsgi.Router` doesn't have one"""
         return cls()
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, ext_mgr=None):
         self.server_members = {}
         mapper = routes.Mapper()
         self._setup_routes(mapper)
diff --git a/nova/api/openstack/common.py b/nova/api/openstack/common.py
index bff050347..8cad1273a 100644
--- a/nova/api/openstack/common.py
+++ b/nova/api/openstack/common.py
@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@ from urlparse import urlparse
 import webob
 
 from nova import exception
+from nova import flags
 
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
 
-def limited(items, request, max_limit=1000):
+
+def limited(items, request, max_limit=FLAGS.osapi_max_limit):
     """
     Return a slice of items according to requested offset and limit.
 
@@ -56,6 +59,36 @@ def limited(items, request, max_limit=1000):
     return items[offset:range_end]
 
 
+def limited_by_marker(items, request, max_limit=FLAGS.osapi_max_limit):
+    """Return a slice of items according to the requested marker and limit."""
+
+    try:
+        marker = int(request.GET.get('marker', 0))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(_('marker param must be an integer'))
+
+    try:
+        limit = int(request.GET.get('limit', max_limit))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(_('limit param must be an integer'))
+
+    if limit < 0:
+        raise webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(_('limit param must be positive'))
+
+    limit = min(max_limit, limit)
+    start_index = 0
+    if marker:
+        start_index = -1
+        for i, item in enumerate(items):
+            if item['id'] == marker:
+                start_index = i + 1
+                break
+        if start_index < 0:
+            raise webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(_('marker [%s] not found' % marker))
+    range_end = start_index + limit
+    return items[start_index:range_end]
+
+
 def get_image_id_from_image_hash(image_service, context, image_hash):
     """Given an Image ID Hash, return an objectstore Image ID.
 
diff --git a/nova/api/openstack/extensions.py b/nova/api/openstack/extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d98d849a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nova/api/openstack/extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
+
+# Copyright 2011 OpenStack LLC.
+# All Rights Reserved.
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
+#    a copy of the License at
+#
+#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+#    under the License.
+
+import imp
+import os
+import sys
+import routes
+import webob.dec
+import webob.exc
+
+from nova import flags
+from nova import log as logging
+from nova import wsgi
+from nova.api.openstack import faults
+
+
+LOG = logging.getLogger('extensions')
+
+
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+
+class ActionExtensionController(wsgi.Controller):
+
+    def __init__(self, application):
+
+        self.application = application
+        self.action_handlers = {}
+
+    def add_action(self, action_name, handler):
+        self.action_handlers[action_name] = handler
+
+    def action(self, req, id):
+
+        input_dict = self._deserialize(req.body, req.get_content_type())
+        for action_name, handler in self.action_handlers.iteritems():
+            if action_name in input_dict:
+                return handler(input_dict, req, id)
+        # no action handler found (bump to downstream application)
+        res = self.application
+        return res
+
+
+class ResponseExtensionController(wsgi.Controller):
+
+    def __init__(self, application):
+        self.application = application
+        self.handlers = []
+
+    def add_handler(self, handler):
+        self.handlers.append(handler)
+
+    def process(self, req, *args, **kwargs):
+        res = req.get_response(self.application)
+        content_type = req.best_match_content_type()
+        # currently response handlers are un-ordered
+        for handler in self.handlers:
+            res = handler(res)
+            try:
+                body = res.body
+                headers = res.headers
+            except AttributeError:
+                body = self._serialize(res, content_type)
+                headers = {"Content-Type": content_type}
+            res = webob.Response()
+            res.body = body
+            res.headers = headers
+        return res
+
+
+class ExtensionController(wsgi.Controller):
+
+    def __init__(self, extension_manager):
+        self.extension_manager = extension_manager
+
+    def _translate(self, ext):
+        ext_data = {}
+        ext_data['name'] = ext.get_name()
+        ext_data['alias'] = ext.get_alias()
+        ext_data['description'] = ext.get_description()
+        ext_data['namespace'] = ext.get_namespace()
+        ext_data['updated'] = ext.get_updated()
+        ext_data['links'] = []  # TODO: implement extension links
+        return ext_data
+
+    def index(self, req):
+        extensions = []
+        for alias, ext in self.extension_manager.extensions.iteritems():
+            extensions.append(self._translate(ext))
+        return dict(extensions=extensions)
+
+    def show(self, req, id):
+        # NOTE: the extensions alias is used as the 'id' for show
+        ext = self.extension_manager.extensions[id]
+        return self._translate(ext)
+
+    def delete(self, req, id):
+        raise faults.Fault(exc.HTTPNotFound())
+
+    def create(self, req):
+        raise faults.Fault(exc.HTTPNotFound())
+
+    def delete(self, req, id):
+        raise faults.Fault(exc.HTTPNotFound())
+
+
+class ExtensionMiddleware(wsgi.Middleware):
+    """
+    Extensions middleware that intercepts configured routes for extensions.
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def factory(cls, global_config, **local_config):
+        """ paste factory """
+        def _factory(app):
+            return cls(app, **local_config)
+        return _factory
+
+    def _action_ext_controllers(self, application, ext_mgr, mapper):
+        """
+        Return a dict of ActionExtensionController objects by collection
+        """
+        action_controllers = {}
+        for action in ext_mgr.get_actions():
+            if not action.collection in action_controllers.keys():
+                controller = ActionExtensionController(application)
+                mapper.connect("/%s/:(id)/action.:(format)" %
+                                action.collection,
+                                action='action',
+                                controller=controller,
+                                conditions=dict(method=['POST']))
+                mapper.connect("/%s/:(id)/action" % action.collection,
+                                action='action',
+                                controller=controller,
+                                conditions=dict(method=['POST']))
+                action_controllers[action.collection] = controller
+
+        return action_controllers
+
+    def _response_ext_controllers(self, application, ext_mgr, mapper):
+        """
+        Return a dict of ResponseExtensionController objects by collection
+        """
+        response_ext_controllers = {}
+        for resp_ext in ext_mgr.get_response_extensions():
+            if not resp_ext.key in response_ext_controllers.keys():
+                controller = ResponseExtensionController(application)
+                mapper.connect(resp_ext.url_route + '.:(format)',
+                                action='process',
+                                controller=controller,
+                                conditions=resp_ext.conditions)
+
+                mapper.connect(resp_ext.url_route,
+                                action='process',
+                                controller=controller,
+                                conditions=resp_ext.conditions)
+                response_ext_controllers[resp_ext.key] = controller
+
+        return response_ext_controllers
+
+    def __init__(self, application, ext_mgr=None):
+
+        if ext_mgr is None:
+            ext_mgr = ExtensionManager(FLAGS.osapi_extensions_path)
+        self.ext_mgr = ext_mgr
+
+        mapper = routes.Mapper()
+
+        # extended resources
+        for resource in ext_mgr.get_resources():
+            LOG.debug(_('Extended resource: %s'),
+                        resource.collection)
+            mapper.resource(resource.collection, resource.collection,
+                            controller=resource.controller,
+                            collection=resource.collection_actions,
+                            member=resource.member_actions,
+                            parent_resource=resource.parent)
+
+        # extended actions
+        action_controllers = self._action_ext_controllers(application, ext_mgr,
+                                                        mapper)
+        for action in ext_mgr.get_actions():
+            LOG.debug(_('Extended action: %s'), action.action_name)
+            controller = action_controllers[action.collection]
+            controller.add_action(action.action_name, action.handler)
+
+        # extended responses
+        resp_controllers = self._response_ext_controllers(application, ext_mgr,
+                                                            mapper)
+        for response_ext in ext_mgr.get_response_extensions():
+            LOG.debug(_('Extended response: %s'), response_ext.key)
+            controller = resp_controllers[response_ext.key]
+            controller.add_handler(response_ext.handler)
+
+        self._router = routes.middleware.RoutesMiddleware(self._dispatch,
+                                                          mapper)
+
+        super(ExtensionMiddleware, self).__init__(application)
+
+    @webob.dec.wsgify(RequestClass=wsgi.Request)
+    def __call__(self, req):
+        """
+        Route the incoming request with router.
+        """
+        req.environ['extended.app'] = self.application
+        return self._router
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @webob.dec.wsgify(RequestClass=wsgi.Request)
+    def _dispatch(req):
+        """
+        Returns the routed WSGI app's response or defers to the extended
+        application.
+        """
+        match = req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]
+        if not match:
+            return req.environ['extended.app']
+        app = match['controller']
+        return app
+
+
+class ExtensionManager(object):
+    """
+    Load extensions from the configured extension path.
+    See nova/tests/api/openstack/extensions/foxinsocks.py for an example
+    extension implementation.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        LOG.audit(_('Initializing extension manager.'))
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.extensions = {}
+        self._load_extensions()
+
+    def get_resources(self):
+        """
+        returns a list of ResourceExtension objects
+        """
+        resources = []
+        resources.append(ResourceExtension('extensions',
+                                            ExtensionController(self)))
+        for alias, ext in self.extensions.iteritems():
+            try:
+                resources.extend(ext.get_resources())
+            except AttributeError:
+                # NOTE: Extension aren't required to have resource extensions
+                pass
+        return resources
+
+    def get_actions(self):
+        """
+        returns a list of ActionExtension objects
+        """
+        actions = []
+        for alias, ext in self.extensions.iteritems():
+            try:
+                actions.extend(ext.get_actions())
+            except AttributeError:
+                # NOTE: Extension aren't required to have action extensions
+                pass
+        return actions
+
+    def get_response_extensions(self):
+        """
+        returns a list of ResponseExtension objects
+        """
+        response_exts = []
+        for alias, ext in self.extensions.iteritems():
+            try:
+                response_exts.extend(ext.get_response_extensions())
+            except AttributeError:
+                # NOTE: Extension aren't required to have response extensions
+                pass
+        return response_exts
+
+    def _check_extension(self, extension):
+        """
+        Checks for required methods in extension objects.
+        """
+        try:
+            LOG.debug(_('Ext name: %s'), extension.get_name())
+            LOG.debug(_('Ext alias: %s'), extension.get_alias())
+            LOG.debug(_('Ext description: %s'), extension.get_description())
+            LOG.debug(_('Ext namespace: %s'), extension.get_namespace())
+            LOG.debug(_('Ext updated: %s'), extension.get_updated())
+        except AttributeError as ex:
+            LOG.exception(_("Exception loading extension: %s"), unicode(ex))
+
+    def _load_extensions(self):
+        """
+        Load extensions from the configured path. The extension name is
+        constructed from the module_name. If your extension module was named
+        widgets.py the extension class within that module should be
+        'Widgets'.
+
+        See nova/tests/api/openstack/extensions/foxinsocks.py for an example
+        extension implementation.
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+            return
+
+        for f in os.listdir(self.path):
+            LOG.audit(_('Loading extension file: %s'), f)
+            mod_name, file_ext = os.path.splitext(os.path.split(f)[-1])
+            ext_path = os.path.join(self.path, f)
+            if file_ext.lower() == '.py':
+                mod = imp.load_source(mod_name, ext_path)
+                ext_name = mod_name[0].upper() + mod_name[1:]
+                try:
+                    new_ext = getattr(mod, ext_name)()
+                    self._check_extension(new_ext)
+                    self.extensions[new_ext.get_alias()] = new_ext
+                except AttributeError as ex:
+                    LOG.exception(_("Exception loading extension: %s"),
+                                   unicode(ex))
+
+
+class ResponseExtension(object):
+    """
+    ResponseExtension objects can be used to add data to responses from
+    core nova OpenStack API controllers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, method, url_route, handler):
+        self.url_route = url_route
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.conditions = dict(method=[method])
+        self.key = "%s-%s" % (method, url_route)
+
+
+class ActionExtension(object):
+    """
+    ActionExtension objects can be used to add custom actions to core nova
+    nova OpenStack API controllers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, collection, action_name, handler):
+        self.collection = collection
+        self.action_name = action_name
+        self.handler = handler
+
+
+class ResourceExtension(object):
+    """
+    ResourceExtension objects can be used to add top level resources
+    to the OpenStack API in nova.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, collection, controller, parent=None,
+                 collection_actions={}, member_actions={}):
+        self.collection = collection
+        self.controller = controller
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.collection_actions = collection_actions
+        self.member_actions = member_actions
diff --git a/nova/api/openstack/images.py b/nova/api/openstack/images.py
index 99c14275a..79852ecc6 100644
--- a/nova/api/openstack/images.py
+++ b/nova/api/openstack/images.py
@@ -15,10 +15,14 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+import datetime
+
 from webob import exc
 
 from nova import compute
+from nova import exception
 from nova import flags
+from nova import log
 from nova import utils
 from nova import wsgi
 import nova.api.openstack
@@ -27,6 +31,8 @@ from nova.api.openstack import faults
 import nova.image.service
 
 
+LOG = log.getLogger('nova.api.openstack.images')
+
 FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
 
 
@@ -84,8 +90,6 @@ def _translate_status(item):
         # S3ImageService
         pass
 
-    return item
-
 
 def _filter_keys(item, keys):
     """
@@ -104,6 +108,100 @@ def _convert_image_id_to_hash(image):
         image['id'] = image_id
 
 
+def _translate_s3_like_images(image_metadata):
+    """Work-around for leaky S3ImageService abstraction"""
+    api_metadata = image_metadata.copy()
+    _convert_image_id_to_hash(api_metadata)
+    api_metadata = _translate_keys(api_metadata)
+    _translate_status(api_metadata)
+    return api_metadata
+
+
+def _translate_from_image_service_to_api(image_metadata):
+    """Translate from ImageService to OpenStack API style attribute names
+
+    This involves 4 steps:
+
+        1. Filter out attributes that the OpenStack API doesn't need
+
+        2. Translate from base image attributes from names used by
+           BaseImageService to names used by OpenStack API
+
+        3. Add in any image properties
+
+        4. Format values according to API spec (for example dates must
+           look like "2010-08-10T12:00:00Z")
+    """
+    service_metadata = image_metadata.copy()
+    properties = service_metadata.pop('properties', {})
+
+    # 1. Filter out unecessary attributes
+    api_keys = ['id', 'name', 'updated_at', 'created_at', 'status']
+    api_metadata = utils.subset_dict(service_metadata, api_keys)
+
+    # 2. Translate base image attributes
+    api_map = {'updated_at': 'updated', 'created_at': 'created'}
+    api_metadata = utils.map_dict_keys(api_metadata, api_map)
+
+    # 3. Add in any image properties
+    # 3a. serverId is used for backups and snapshots
+    try:
+        api_metadata['serverId'] = int(properties['instance_id'])
+    except KeyError:
+        pass  # skip if it's not present
+    except ValueError:
+        pass  # skip if it's not an integer
+
+    # 3b. Progress special case
+    # TODO(sirp): ImageService doesn't have a notion of progress yet, so for
+    # now just fake it
+    if service_metadata['status'] == 'saving':
+        api_metadata['progress'] = 0
+
+    # 4. Format values
+    # 4a. Format Image Status (API requires uppercase)
+    api_metadata['status'] = _format_status_for_api(api_metadata['status'])
+
+    # 4b. Format timestamps
+    for attr in ('created', 'updated'):
+        if attr in api_metadata:
+            api_metadata[attr] = _format_datetime_for_api(
+                api_metadata[attr])
+
+    return api_metadata
+
+
+def _format_status_for_api(status):
+    """Return status in a format compliant with OpenStack API"""
+    mapping = {'queued': 'QUEUED',
+               'preparing': 'PREPARING',
+               'saving': 'SAVING',
+               'active': 'ACTIVE',
+               'killed': 'FAILED'}
+    return mapping[status]
+
+
+def _format_datetime_for_api(datetime_):
+    """Stringify datetime objects in a format compliant with OpenStack API"""
+    API_DATETIME_FMT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ'
+    return datetime_.strftime(API_DATETIME_FMT)
+
+
+def _safe_translate(image_metadata):
+    """Translate attributes for OpenStack API, temporary workaround for
+    S3ImageService attribute leakage.
+    """
+    # FIXME(sirp): The S3ImageService appears to be leaking implementation
+    # details, including its internal attribute names, and internal
+    # `status` values. Working around it for now.
+    s3_like_image = ('imageId' in image_metadata)
+    if s3_like_image:
+        translate = _translate_s3_like_images
+    else:
+        translate = _translate_from_image_service_to_api
+    return translate(image_metadata)
+
+
 class Controller(wsgi.Controller):
 
     _serialization_metadata = {
@@ -117,34 +215,32 @@ class Controller(wsgi.Controller):
 
     def index(self, req):
         """Return all public images in brief"""
-        items = self._service.index(req.environ['nova.context'])
-        items = common.limited(items, req)
-        items = [_filter_keys(item, ('id', 'name')) for item in items]
-        return dict(images=items)
+        context = req.environ['nova.context']
+        image_metas = self._service.index(context)
+        image_metas = common.limited(image_metas, req)
+        return dict(images=image_metas)
 
     def detail(self, req):
         """Return all public images in detail"""
-        try:
-            items = self._service.detail(req.environ['nova.context'])
-        except NotImplementedError:
-            items = self._service.index(req.environ['nova.context'])
-        for image in items:
-            _convert_image_id_to_hash(image)
-
-        items = common.limited(items, req)
-        items = [_translate_keys(item) for item in items]
-        items = [_translate_status(item) for item in items]
-        return dict(images=items)
+        context = req.environ['nova.context']
+        image_metas = self._service.detail(context)
+        image_metas = common.limited(image_metas, req)
+        api_image_metas = [_safe_translate(image_meta)
+                           for image_meta in image_metas]
+        return dict(images=api_image_metas)
 
     def show(self, req, id):
         """Return data about the given image id"""
-        image_id = common.get_image_id_from_image_hash(self._service,
-                    req.environ['nova.context'], id)
+        context = req.environ['nova.context']
+        try:
+            image_id = common.get_image_id_from_image_hash(
+                self._service, context, id)
+        except exception.NotFound:
+            raise faults.Fault(exc.HTTPNotFound())
 
-        image = self._service.show(req.environ['nova.context'], image_id)
-        _convert_image_id_to_hash(image)
-        self._format_image_dates(image)
-        return dict(image=image)
+        image_meta = self._service.show(context, image_id)
+        api_image_meta = _safe_translate(image_meta)
+        return dict(image=api_image_meta)
 
     def delete(self, req, id):
         # Only public images are supported for now.
@@ -155,18 +251,12 @@ class Controller(wsgi.Controller):
         env = self._deserialize(req.body, req.get_content_type())
         instance_id = env["image"]["serverId"]
         name = env["image"]["name"]
-
         image_meta = compute.API().snapshot(
             context, instance_id, name)
-
-        return dict(image=image_meta)
+        api_image_meta = _safe_translate(image_meta)
+        return dict(image=api_image_meta)
 
     def update(self, req, id):
         # Users may not modify public images, and that's all that
         # we support for now.
         raise faults.Fault(exc.HTTPNotFound())
-
-    def _format_image_dates(self, image):
-        for attr in ['created_at', 'updated_at', 'deleted_at']:
-            if image.get(attr) is not None:
-                image[attr] = image[attr].strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
diff --git a/nova/api/openstack/servers.py b/nova/api/openstack/servers.py
index 0dad46268..144d14536 100644
--- a/nova/api/openstack/servers.py
+++ b/nova/api/openstack/servers.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class Controller(wsgi.Controller):
         builder - the response model builder
         """
         instance_list = self.compute_api.get_all(req.environ['nova.context'])
-        limited_list = common.limited(instance_list, req)
+        limited_list = self._limit_items(instance_list, req)
         builder = self._get_view_builder(req)
         servers = [builder.build(inst, is_detail)['server']
                 for inst in limited_list]
@@ -551,6 +551,9 @@ class ControllerV10(Controller):
     def _get_addresses_view_builder(self, req):
         return nova.api.openstack.views.addresses.ViewBuilderV10(req)
 
+    def _limit_items(self, items, req):
+        return common.limited(items, req)
+
 
 class ControllerV11(Controller):
     def _image_id_from_req_data(self, data):
@@ -574,6 +577,9 @@ class ControllerV11(Controller):
     def _get_addresses_view_builder(self, req):
         return nova.api.openstack.views.addresses.ViewBuilderV11(req)
 
+    def _limit_items(self, items, req):
+        return common.limited_by_marker(items, req)
+
 
 class ServerCreateRequestXMLDeserializer(object):
     """