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diff --git a/docs/samba.faq b/docs/samba.faq new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..26570b7577a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/samba.faq @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ + + Frequently Asked Questions + + about the + + SAMBA Suite + + (FAQ version 1.9.02, Samba version 1.09.02) + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +This FAQ was originally prepared by Karl Auer (Karl.Auer@anu.edu.au) and is +currently maintained by Paul Blackman (ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au). + +As Karl originally said, 'this FAQ was prepared with lots of help from numerous +net.helpers', and that's the way I'd like to keep it. So if you find anything +that you think should be in here don't hesitate to contact me. + +Thanks to Karl for the work he's done, and continuing thanks to Andrew Tridgell +for developing Samba. + +Note: This FAQ is (and probably always will be) under construction. Some +sections exist only as optimistic entries in the Contents page. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Contents + + * SECTION ONE: General information + All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of + information. + * SECTION TWO: Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host + Common problems that arise when building and installing Samba under + Unix. + * SECTION THREE: Common client problems + Common problems that arise when trying to communicate from a client + computer to a Samba server. All problems which have symptoms you see + at the client end will be in this section. + * SECTION FOUR: Specific client problems + This section covers problems that are specific to certain clients, + such as Windows for Workgroups or Windows NT. Please check Section + Three first! + * SECTION FIVE: Specific client application problems + This section covers problems that are specific to certain products, + such as Windows for Workgroups or Windows NT. Please check Sections + Three and Four first! + * SECTION SIX: Miscellaneous + All the questions that aren't classifiable into any other section. + + +=============================================================================== +SECTION ONE: General information +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 1: What is Samba? + +Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to access +Unix filespace and printers via the SMB (Session Message Block) protocol. + +In practice, this means that you can redirect disks and printers to Unix disks +and printers from Lan Manager clients, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 clients, +Windows NT clients and OS/2 clients. There is also a Unix client program +supplied as part of the suite which allows Unix users to use an ftp-like +interface to access filespace and printers on any other SMB servers. + +The components of the suite are (in summary): + + * smbd, the SMB server. This handles actual connections from clients + * nmbd, the Netbios name server, which helps clients locate servers + * smbclient, the Unix-hosted client program + * smbrun, a little 'glue' program to help the server run external + programs + * testprns, a program to test server access to printers + * testparms, a program to test the Samba configuration file for + correctness + * smb.conf, the Samba configuration file + * smbprint, a sample script to allow a Unix host to use smbclient to + print to an SMB server + +The suite is supplied with full source (of course!) and is GPLed. + +The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later versions +incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages and this FAQ were +written by Karl Auer. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 2: What is the current version of Samba? + +At time of writing, the current version was 1.9.12. If you want to be sure +check the bottom of the change-log file. +(nimbus.anu.edu.au/pub/tridge/samba/change-log) + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 3: Where can I get it? + +The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from nimbus.anu.edu.au. The +latest and greatest versions of the suite are in the directory: + +/pub/tridge/samba/ + +Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable and which +do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are available in the directory: + +/pub/tridge/samba/alpha + +Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is distributed +ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from other sites. Recent +versions of some Linux distributions, for example, do contain Samba binaries +for that platform. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 4: What platforms are supported? + +Many different platforms have run Samba successfully. The platforms most widely +used and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS. + +At time of writing, the Makefile claimed support for: + + * SunOS + * Linux with shadow passwords + * Linux without shadow passwords + * SOLARIS + * SOLARIS 2.2 and above (aka SunOS 5) + * SVR4 + * ULTRIX + * OSF1 (alpha only) + * OSF1 with NIS and Fast Crypt (alpha only) + * OSF1 V2.0 Enhanced Security (alpha only) + * AIX + * BSDI + * NetBSD + * NetBSD 1.0 + * SEQUENT + * HP-UX + * SGI + * SGI IRIX 4.x.x + * SGI IRIX 5.x.x + * FreeBSD + * NeXT 3.2 and above + * NeXT OS 2.x + * NeXT OS 3.0 + * ISC SVR3V4 (POSIX mode) + * ISC SVR3V4 (iBCS2 mode) + * A/UX 3.0 + * SCO with shadow passwords. + * SCO with shadow passwords, without YP. + * SCO with TCB passwords + * SCO 3.2v2 (ODT 1.1) with TCP passwords + * intergraph + * DGUX + * Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3 (BSD4.3) + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 5: How can I find out more about Samba? + +There are two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related matters. +There is also the newsgroup, comp.protocols.smb, which has a great deal of +discussion on Samba. + +Send email to listproc@anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is blank, and +include the following two lines in the body of the message: + + subscribe samba Firstname Lastname + subscribe samba-announce Firstname Lastname + +Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and YOUR last +name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature stuff, it sometimes confuses +the list processor. + +The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it regurgitates a +single message containing all the messages that have been received by the list +since the last time and sends a copy of this message to all subscribers. + +If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to +listproc@anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is blank, and include the +following two lines in the body of the message: + + unsubscribe samba + unsubscribe samba-announce + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 6: Something's gone wrong - what should I do? + +[#] *** IMPORTANT! *** [#] +DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in newsgroups until you have carried +out the first three steps given here! + +Firstly, see if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ! + +Secondly, read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for topics +that relate to what you are trying to do. + +Thirdly, if there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at the log +files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you were having +problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to provide more extensive +debugging information - usually level 2 or level 3 provide ample debugging +info. Inspect these logs closely, looking particularly for the string "Error:". + +If you successfully solve a problem, please mail me a succinct description of +the symptom, the problem and the solution, so I can incorporate it in the next +version of the FAQ. + + +=============================================================================== +SECTION TWO: Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +=============================================================================== +SECTION THREE: Common client problems +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 1: I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists! + +*** Until the FAQ can be updated, please check the file: +*** ftp://nimbus.anu.adu.au/pub/tridge/samba/BROWSING.txt +*** for more information on browsing. + +If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable servers, you may +need to do so on the command line. For example, under Lan Manager you might +connect to the above service as disk drive M: thusly: + + net use M: \\mary\fred + +The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from client to +client - check your client's documentation. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 2: Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when I view the +directories from my client! + +If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they are files +which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not DOS-compatible (ie, +they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason). + +The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files completely, or +to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you are not seeing the +files at all, the Samba server has most likely been configured to ignore them. +Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for details of how to change this - the +parameter you need to set is "mangled names = yes". + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 3: Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames when I view +the directories from my client! + +If you check what files are showing up wierd, you will note that they are files +which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not DOS-compatible (ie, +they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason). + +The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files completely, or +to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you are seeing strange file +names, they are most likely "mangled". If you would prefer to have such files +ignored rather than presented in "mangled" form, consult the man page +smb.conf(5) for details of how to change the server configuration - the +parameter you need to set is "mangled names = no". + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 4: My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar. + +This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server name, the +underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the name you specified +cannot be resolved. + +After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you should have +typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting to somewhere on your +network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it is, the problem is most +likely name resolution. + +If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the hosts IP +and the name you want to use. For example, with Man Manager or Windows for +Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file LMHOSTS. If this works, +the problem is in the communication between your client and the netbios name +server. If it does not work, then there is something fundamental wrong with +your naming and the solution is beyond the scope of this document. + +If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name resolution, +hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a netbios name server +running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program), the problem probably lies in +the way it is set up. Refer to Section Two of this FAQ for more ideas. + +By the way, remember to REMOVE the hardcoded mapping before further tests :-) + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 5: My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or similar. + +This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified server, which +is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of the name you gave. + +The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are trying to +connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it exists and you +specified it correctly (read your client's doco on how to specify a service +name correctly), read on: + + * Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than eight + characters. + * Many clients cannot accept or use service names containing spaces. + * Some servers (not Samba though) are case sensitive with service names. + * Some clients force service names into upper case. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 6: My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot log on to the +network" or similar. + +Nothing is wrong - Samba does not implement the primary domain name controller +stuff for several reasons, including the fact that the whole concept of a +primary domain controller and "logging in to a network" doesn't fit well with +clients possibly running on multiuser machines (such as users of smbclient +under Unix). + +Seeing this message should not affect your ability to mount redirected disks +and printers, which is really what all this is about. + +For many clients (including Windows for Workgroups and Lan Manager), setting +the domain to STANDALONE at least gets rid of the message. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 7: Printing doesn't work :-( + +Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are connecting +to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg., use "/usr/bin/lpr" +rather than just "lpr"). + +Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is writable by the +user connected to the service. In particular the user "nobody" often has +problems with printing, even if it worked with an earlier version of Samba. Try +creating another guest user other than "nobody". + +Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use the +printer. + +Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and see if +the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with a service ipc$ +are meaningless - they relate to the way the client attempts to retrieve status +information when using the LANMAN1 protocol. + +If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not Netbeui. +This is a WfWg bug. + +If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to coreplus. +Also not that print status error messages don't mean printing won't work. The +print status is received by a different mechanism. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 8: My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work properly. + +There are numerous possible reasons for this, but one MAJOR possibility is that +your software uses locking. Make sure you are using Samba 1.6.11 or later. It +may also be possible to work around the problem by setting "locking=no" in the +Samba configuration file for the service the software is installed on. This +should be regarded as a strictly temporary solution. + +In earlier Samba versions there were some difficulties with the very latest +Microsoft products, particularly Excel 5 and Word for Windows 6. These should +have all been solved. If not then please let Andrew Tridgell know. + + +=============================================================================== +SECTION FOUR: Specific client problems +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* 1: Are any MacIntosh clients for Samba. + +In Rob Newberry's words (rob@eats.com, Sun, 4 Dec 1994): + +The answer is "No." Samba speaks SMB, the protocol used for Microsoft networks. +The Macintosh has ALWAYS spoken Appletalk. Even with Microsoft "services for +Macintosh", it has been a matter of making the server speak Appletalk. It is +the same for Novell Netware and the Macintosh, although I believe Novell has +(VERY LATE) released an extension for the Mac to let it speak IPX. + +In future Apple System Software, you may see support for other protocols, such +as SMB -- Applet is working on a new networking architecture that will make it +easier to support additional protocols. But it's not here yet. + +Now, the nice part is that if you want your Unix machine to speak Appletalk, +there are several options. "Netatalk" and "CAP" are free, and available on the +net. There are also several commercial options, such as "PacerShare" and +"Helios" (I think). In any case, you'll have to look around for a server, not +anything for the Mac. + +Depending on you OS, some of these may not help you. I am currently +coordinating the effort to get CAP working with Native Ethertalk under Linux, +but we're not done yet. + +Rob + + +=============================================================================== +SECTION FIVE: Specific client application problems +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +=============================================================================== +SECTION SIX: Miscellaneous +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Maintained By Paul Blackman, Email:ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au + + |