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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/cups.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/cups.sgml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..57a12843a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/cups.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,445 @@ +<chapter id="cups"> + + +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname> + <affiliation> + <address> + <email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email> + </address> + </affiliation> + </author> + + + <pubdate> (24 May 2002) </pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Printing with CUPS in Samba 2.2.x</title> + + +<sect1> +<title>Printing with CUPS in Samba 2.2.x</title> + +<para> +<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</ulink> is a newcomer in +the UNIX printing scene, which has convinced many people upon first trial +already. However, it has quite a few new features, which make it different +from other, more traditional printing systems. +</para> +</sect1> + + +<sect1> +<title>Configuring <filename>smb.conf</filename> for CUPS</title> + +<para> +Printing with CUPS in the most basic <filename>smb.conf</filename> +setup in Samba 2.2.x only needs two settings: <command>printing = cups</command> and +<command>printcap = cups</command>. While CUPS itself doesn't need a printcap +anymore, the <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows two directives +(example: <command>Printcap /etc/printcap</command> and <command>PrintcapFormat +BSD</command>), which control if such a file should be created for the +convenience of third party applications. Make sure it is set! For details see +<command>man cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation. +</para> + +<para> +If SAMBA is compiled against libcups, then <command>printcap = +cups</command> uses the CUPS API to list printers, submit jobs, etc. Otherwise it +maps to the System V commands with an additional <parameter>-oraw</parameter> +option for printing. On a Linux system, you can use the <command>ldd</command> command to +find out details (ldd may not be present on other OS platforms, or its +function may be embodied by a different command): +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting>transmeta:/home/kurt # ldd `which smbd` + libssl.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.6 (0x4002d000) + libcrypto.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.6 (0x4005a000) + libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) + libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x401e8000) + libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x401ec000) + libpam.so.0 => /lib/libpam.so.0 (0x40202000) + libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4020b000) + /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +The line "libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 +(0x40123000)" shows there is CUPS support compiled into this version of +Samba. If this is the case, and <command>printing = cups</command> is set, then any +otherwise manually set print command in smb.conf is ignored. +</para> +</sect1> + + + + +<sect1> +<title>Using CUPS as a mere spooling print server -- "raw" +printing with vendor drivers download</title> + +<para> +You can setup Samba and your Windows clients to use the +CUPS print subsystem just as you would with any of the more traditional print +subsystems: that means the use of vendor provided, native Windows printer +drivers for each target printer. If you setup the [print$] share to +download these drivers to the clients, their GDI system (Graphical Device +Interface) will output the Wndows EMF (Enhanced MetaFile) and +convert it -- with the help of the printer driver -- locally into the format +the printer is expecting. Samba and the CUPS print subsystem will have to +treat these files as raw print files -- they are already in the +shape to be digestable for the printer. This is the same traditional setup +for Unix print servers handling Windows client jobs. It does not take much +CPU power to handle this kind of task efficiently. +</para> +</sect1> + + + + +<sect1> +<title>CUPS as a network PostScript RIP -- CUPS drivers working on server, Adobe +PostScript driver with CUPS-PPDs downloaded to clients</title> + + +<para> +CUPS is perfectly able to use PPD files (PostScript +Printer Descriptions). PPDs can control all print device options. They +are usually provided by the manufacturer -- if you own a PostSript printer, +that is. PPD files are always a component of PostScript printer drivers on MS +Windows or Apple Mac OS systems. They are ASCII files containing +user-selectable print options, mapped to appropriate PostScript, PCL or PJL +commands for the target printer. Printer driver GUI dialogs translate these +options "on-the-fly" into buttons and drop-down lists for the user to +select. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS can load, without any conversions, the PPD file from +any Windows (NT is recommended) PostScript driver and handle the options. +There is a web browser interface to the print options (select +http://localhost:631/printers/ and click on one "Configure Printer" button +to see it), a commandline interface (see <command>man lpoptions</command> or +try if you have <command>lphelp</command> on your system) plus some different GUI frontends on Linux +UNIX, which can present PPD options to the users. PPD options are normally +meant to become evaluated by the PostScript RIP on the real PostScript +printer. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS doesn't stop at "real" PostScript printers in its +usage of PPDs. The CUPS developers have extended the PPD concept, to also +describe available device and driver options for non-PostScript printers +through CUPS-PPDs. +</para> + +<para> +This is logical, as CUPS includes a fully featured +PostScript interpreter (RIP). This RIP is based on Ghostscript. It can +process all received PostScript (and additionally many other file formats) +from clients. All CUPS-PPDs geared to non-PostScript printers contain an +additional line, starting with the keyword <parameter>*cupsFilter</parameter>. +This line +tells the CUPS print system which printer-specific filter to use for the +interpretation of the accompanying PostScript. Thus CUPS lets all its +printers appear as PostScript devices to its clients, because it can act as a +PostScript RIP for those printers, processing the received PostScript code +into a proper raster print format. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS-PPDs can also be used on Windows-Clients, on top of a +PostScript driver (recommended is the Adobe one). +</para> + +<para> +This feature enables CUPS to do a few tricks no other +spooler can do: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>act as a networked PostScript RIP (Raster Image Processor), handling + printfiles from all client platforms in a uniform way;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>act as a central accounting and billing server, as all files are passed + through the <command>pstops</command> Filter and are therefor logged in + the CUPS <filename>page_log</filename>. - <emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>this + can not happen with "raw" print jobs, which always remain unfiltered + per definition;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>enable clients to consolidate on a single PostScript driver, even for + many different target printers.</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</sect1> + + + +<sect1> +<title>Windows Terminal Servers (WTS) as CUPS clients</title> + +<para> +This setup may be of special interest to people +experiencing major problems in WTS environments. WTS need often a multitude +of non-PostScript drivers installed to run their clients' variety of +different printer models. This often imposes the price of much increased +instability. In many cases, in an attempt to overcome this problem, site +administrators have resorted to restrict the allowed drivers installed on +their WTS to one generic PCL- and one PostScript driver. This however +restricts the clients in the amount of printer options available for them -- +often they can't get out more then simplex prints from one standard paper +tray, while their devices could do much better, if driven by a different +driver! +</para> + +<para> +Using an Adobe PostScript driver, enabled with a CUPS-PPD, +seems to be a very elegant way to overcome all these shortcomings. The +PostScript driver is not known to cause major stability problems on WTS (even +if used with many different PPDs). The clients will be able to (again) chose +paper trays, duplex printing and other settings. However, there is a certain +price for this too: a CUPS server acting as a PostScript RIP for its clients +requires more CPU and RAM than just to act as a "raw spooling" device. Plus, +this setup is not yet widely tested, although the first feedbacks look very +promising... +</para> +</sect1> + + +<sect1> +<title>Setting up CUPS for driver download</title> + +<para> +The <command>cupsadsmb</command> utility (shipped with all current +CUPS versions) makes the sharing of any (or all) installed CUPS printers very +easy. Prior to using it, you need the following settings in smb.conf: +</para> + +<para><programlisting>[global] + load printers = yes + printing = cups + printcap name = cups + +[printers] + comment = All Printers + path = /var/spool/samba + browseable = no + public = yes + guest ok = yes + writable = no + printable = yes + printer admin = root + +[print$] + comment = Printer Drivers + path = /etc/samba/drivers + browseable = yes + guest ok = no + read only = yes + write list = root +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +For licensing reasons the necessary files of the Adobe +Postscript driver can not be distributed with either Samba or CUPS. You need +to download them yourself from the Adobe website. Once extracted, create a +<filename>drivers</filename> directory in the CUPS data directory (usually +<filename>/usr/share/cups/</filename>). Copy the Adobe files using +UPPERCASE filenames, to this directory as follows: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + ADFONTS.MFM + ADOBEPS4.DRV + ADOBEPS4.HLP + ADOBEPS5.DLL + ADOBEPSU.DLL + ADOBEPSU.HLP + DEFPRTR2.PPD + ICONLIB.DLL +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Users of the ESP Print Pro software are able to install +their "Samba Drivers" package for this purpose with no problem. +</para> +</sect1> + + + +<sect1> +<title>Sources of CUPS drivers / PPDs</title> + +<para> +On the internet you can find now many thousand CUPS-PPD +files (with their companion filters), in many national languages, +supporting more than 1.000 non-PostScript models. +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><ulink url="http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/">ESP PrintPro + (http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/)</ulink> + (commercial, non-Free) is packaged with more than 3.000 PPDs, ready for + successful usage "out of the box" on Linux, IBM-AIX, HP-UX, Sun-Solaris, + SGI-IRIX, Compaq Tru64, Digital Unix and some more commercial Unices (it + is written by the CUPS developers themselves and its sales help finance + the further development of CUPS, as they feed their creators)</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>the <ulink + url="http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/">Gimp-Print-Project + (http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/)</ulink> + (GPL, Free Software) provides around 120 PPDs (supporting nearly 300 + printers, many driven to photo quality output), to be used alongside the + Gimp-Print CUPS filters;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.turboprint.com/">TurboPrint + (http://www.turboprint.com/)</ulink> + (Shareware, non-Freee) supports roughly the same amount of printers in + excellent quality;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink + url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">OMNI + (http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/)</ulink> + (LPGL, Free) is a package made by IBM, now containing support for more + than 400 printers, stemming from the inheritance of IBM OS/2 KnowHow + ported over to Linux (CUPS support is in a Beta-stage at present);</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/">HPIJS + (http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/)</ulink> + (BSD-style licnes, Free) supports around 120 of HP's own printers and is + also providing excellent print quality now;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink + url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Foomatic/cupsomatic (http://www.linuxprinting.org/)</ulink> + (LPGL, Free) from Linuxprinting.org are providing PPDs for practically every + Ghostscript filter known to the world, now usable with CUPS.</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>the cupsomatic trick from Linuxprinting.org is +working different from the other drivers. While the other drivers take the +generic CUPS raster (produced by CUPS' own pstoraster PostScript RIP) as +their input, cupsomatic "kidnaps" the PostScript inside CUPS, before +RIP-ping, deviates it to an external Ghostscript installation (which now +becomes the RIP) and gives it back to a CUPS backend once Ghostscript is +finished. -- CUPS versions from 1.1.15 and later will provide their pstoraster +PostScript RIP function again inside a system-wide Ghostscript +installation rather than in "their own" pstoraster filter. (This +CUPS-enabling Ghostscript version may be installed either as a +patch to GNU or AFPL Ghostscript, or as a complete ESP Ghostscript package). +However, this will not change the cupsomatic approach of guiding the printjob +along a different path through the filtering system than the standard CUPS +way... +</para> + +<para> +Once you installed a printer inside CUPS with one of the +recommended methods (the lpadmin command, the web browser interface or one of +the available GUI wizards), you can use <command>cupsaddsmb</command> to share the +printer via Samba. <command>cupsaddsmb</command> prepares the driver files for +comfortable client download and installation upon their first contact with +this printer share. +</para> + + + +<sect2> +<title><command>cupsaddsmb</command></title> + + +<para> +The <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command copies the needed files +for convenient Windows client installations from the previously prepared CUPS +data directory to your [print$] share. Additionally, the PPD +associated with this printer is copied from <filename>/etc/cups/ppd/</filename> to +[print$]. +</para> + +<para><programlisting> +<prompt>root# </prompt> <command>cupsaddsmb -U root infotec_IS2027</command> +Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA: <userinput>[type in password 'secret']</userinput> +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +To share all printers and drivers, use the <parameter>-a</parameter> +parameter instead of a printer name. +</para> + + +<para> +Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the +<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> +<prompt>root# </prompt> cupsaddsmb -v -U root infotec_IS2027 + Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA: + Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir W32X86;put /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP' + added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0 + added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs] + NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \W32X86 + putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as \W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD (17394.6 kb/s) (average 17395.2 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL as \W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL (10877.4 kb/s) (average 11343.0 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL as \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL (5095.2 kb/s) (average 9260.4 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP as \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP (8828.7 kb/s) (average 9247.1 kb/s) + + Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir WIN40;put /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL WIN40/PSMON.DLL;' + added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0 + added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs] + NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \WIN40 + putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as \WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD (26091.5 kb/s) (average 26092.8 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM as \WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM (11241.6 kb/s) (average 11812.9 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV as \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV (16640.6 kb/s) (average 14679.3 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP as \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP (11285.6 kb/s) (average 14281.5 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD as \WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD (823.5 kb/s) (average 12944.0 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL as \WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL (19226.2 kb/s) (average 13169.7 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL as \WIN40/PSMON.DLL (18666.1 kb/s) (average 13266.7 kb/s) + + Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL:ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"' + cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL:ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL" + Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed. + + Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' -c 'adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW:ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"' + cmd = adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW:ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL" + Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed. + + Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' -c 'setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027' + cmd = setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027 + Succesfully set infotec_IS2027 to driver infotec_IS2027. + + <prompt>root# </prompt> +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +If you look closely, you'll discover your root password +was transfered unencrypted over the wire, so beware! Also, if you look +further her, you'll discover error messages like +<constant>NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION</constant> in between. They occur, because +the directories <filename>WIN40</filename> and <filename>W32X86</filename> already +existed in the [print$] driver download share (from a previous driver +installation). They are harmless here. +</para> + +<para> +Now your printer is prepared for the clients to use. From +a client, browse to the CUPS/Samba server, open the "Printers" +share, right-click on this printer and select "Install..." or +"Connect..." (depending on the Windows version you use). Now their +should be a new printer in your client's local "Printers" folder, +named (in my case) "infotec_IS2027 on kdebitshop" +</para> + +<para> +<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis> +<command>cupsaddsmb</command> will only reliably work i +with CUPS version 1.1.15 or higher +and Samba from 2.2.4. If it doesn't work, or if the automatic printer +driver download to the clients doesn't succeed, you can still manually +install the CUPS printer PPD on top of the Adobe PostScript driver on +clients and then point the client's printer queue to the Samba printer +share for connection, should you desire to use the CUPS networked +PostScript RIP functions. +</para> +</sect2> +</sect1> + + +</chapter> |