path: root/README.rpm-dist.template

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<!--- m4_divert(-1)
m4_changequote(`[', `]')
# vim: ft=xml

m4_define([PGSETUP_SERVICE],
m4_ifelse([@WANT_SYSVINIT@], [1], m4_dnl
[service $1 $2],m4_dnl
[systemctl $2 $1.service]))

m4_define([PGSETUP_SERVICE_START],      PGSETUP_SERVICE($1, start))
m4_define([PGSETUP_SERVICE_STOP],       PGSETUP_SERVICE($1, stop))

m4_define([PGSETUP_SERVICE_ENABLE],
m4_ifelse([@WANT_SYSVINIT@], [1], m4_dnl
[chkconfig $1 on],m4_dnl
[systemctl enable $1.service]))

m4_define([PGSETUP_SERVICE_DISABLE],
m4_ifelse([@WANT_SYSVINIT@], [1], m4_dnl
[chkconfig $1 off],m4_dnl
[systemctl disable $1.service]))

m4_define([PGSETUP_ADMIN], [postgres])

m4_define([PGSETUP_COMMAND], [
<screen>
        <prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>$1</userinput>
</screen>
])

m4_divert[]m4_dnl
-->

<article lang="en">
<articleinfo>
<title>PostgreSQL in RPMs</title>
</articleinfo>

<sect1 id="introduction">
  <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
  <para>
    This document exists to explain the layout of the RPMs for PostgreSQL, to
    describe various RPM specifics, and to document special features found in
    the RPMset.
  </para>
  <para>
    This document is written to be applicable to version @PGMAJORVERSION@ of PostgreSQL,
    which is the current version of the RPMs as of this writing.  More to the
    point, versions prior to @PGMAJORVERSION@ are not documented here.
  </para>
  <para>
    This document is intended for use only with the RPMs supplied in Red Hat
    Enterprise Linux, CentOS and Fedora.  Note that there are also "PGDG"
    RPMs available directly from the upstream PostgreSQL project.  Those are
    slightly different.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>QUICKSTART</title>
  <para>
    For a fresh installation, you will need to initialize the cluster first (as
    a PGSETUP_ADMIN user):

    PGSETUP_COMMAND(@NAME_BINARYBASE@-setup --initdb)

    and it will prepare a new database cluster for you.  Then you will need to
    start PostgreSQL.  Now, as 'root', run:

    PGSETUP_COMMAND([PGSETUP_SERVICE_START(@NAME_SERVICE@)])

    This command will start a postmaster that will listen on localhost and Unix
    socket 5432 only.  Edit @PGDATADIR@/postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf if you
    want to allow remote access -- see the section on Grand Unified
    Configuration.

    You will probably also want to do

    PGSETUP_COMMAND([PGSETUP_SERVICE_ENABLE(@NAME_SERVICE@)])

    so that the postmaster is automatically started during future reboots.

  </para>

  <para>
    The file @POSTGRES_HOMEDIR@/.bash_profile is packaged to help with the
    setting of environment variables.  You may edit this file, and it won't be
    overwritten during an upgrade.  However, enhancements and bugfixes may be
    added to this file, so be sure to check .bash_profile.rpmnew after
    upgrading.
  </para>

  <para>
    The user 'postgres' is created during installation of the server subpackage.
    This user by default is UID and GID 26.  The user has the default shell set
    to bash, and the home directory set to @POSTGRES_HOMEDIR@.  This user also
    has no default password, so the only way to become this user is to su to it
    from root.  If you want to be able to su to it from a non-root account or
    log in directly as 'postgres' you will need to set a password using passwd.
    Test section 2.
  </para>

</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>UPGRADING AN INSTALLATION</title>

  <para>
    For a minor-version upgrade (such as 9.3.1 to 9.3.4; last number changes),
    just install the new RPMs; there's usually nothing more to it than that.
    Upgrading across a major release of PostgreSQL (for example, from 9.2.x to
    9.3.x) requires more effort.
  </para>

  <para>
    If you are upgrading across more than one major release of PostgreSQL
    (for example, from 8.3.x to 9.0.x), you will need to follow the
    "traditional" dump and reload process to bring your data into the new
    version.  That is: *before* upgrading, run pg_dumpall to extract all your
    data into a SQL file.  Shut down the old postmaster, upgrade to the new
    version RPMs, perform initdb, and run the dump file through psql to restore
    your data.
  </para>

  <para>
    In some major releases, the RPMs also support faster upgrade from concrete
    subset of previous releases.  You can run the:

          PGSETUP_COMMAND(@NAME_BINARYBASE@ --upgrade-ids)

    to see what previous versions you are able to upgrade from.  This is much
    faster than a dump and reload.  To do a faster upgrade:
    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          shut down the old postmaster running against old data
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          optionally make a backup of data directory (recommended!)
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          install the new version's RPMs (install all the ones you had before,
          plus @NAME_PACKAGE@-upgrade)
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          as root, run "@NAME_BINARYBASE@-setup --upgrade [[--upgrade-from ID]]"
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          update the configuration files @PGDATADIR@/*.conf with any
          customizations you had before (your old configuration files are in
          old data directory or in @PGDATADIR@-old/ if you've done
          in-place upgrade)
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          as root, run "PGSETUP_SERVICE_START(@NAME_SERVICE@)"
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          the @NAME_PACKAGE@-upgrade package can be removed after the update is
          complete, as can old data directory
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    NOTE: The in-place upgrade process is new and relatively poorly tested,
    so if your data is critical it's a really good idea to make a tarball
    backup of old data directory before running the upgrade.  This will
    let you get back to where you were in case of disaster.

  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>POSTGRESQL RPM PACKAGES AND RATIONALE</title>

  <para>
    PostgreSQL is split up into multiple packages so that users can 'pick and
    choose' what pieces are needed, and what dependencies are required.
  </para>

  <table>
    <title>Sub-package list</title>
    <tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
      <thead>
        <row><entry>Package</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@:</entry>
          <entry>Key client programs and basic documentation</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-libs:</entry>
          <entry>Client shared libraries</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-server:</entry>
          <entry>Server executables and data files</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-test:</entry>
          <entry>The regression tests and associated files</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-upgrade:</entry>
          <entry>Support files for upgrading from previous major version</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-docs:</entry>
          <entry>Full documentation in HTML and PDF, the tutorial files</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-contrib:</entry>
          <entry>Add-on loadable modules and programs</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-plperl:</entry>
          <entry>PL/Perl procedural language</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-plpython:</entry>
          <entry>PL/Python procedural language (for Python 2)</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-plpython3:</entry>
          <entry>PL/Python procedural language (for Python 3)</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>@NAME_PACKAGE@-pltcl:</entry>
          <entry>PL/Tcl procedural language</entry>
        </row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table>
  <para>
    You have to install @NAME_PACKAGE@ and @NAME_PACKAGE@-libs to do anything.
    @NAME_PACKAGE@-server is needed unless you only plan to use the clients to
    work with a remote PostgreSQL server. The others are optional.
  </para>
  <para>
    Note that there are no @NAME_PACKAGE@-perl, @NAME_PACKAGE@-jdbc,
    @NAME_PACKAGE@-odbc, @NAME_PACKAGE@-python, @NAME_PACKAGE@-tcl, or
    @NAME_PACKAGE@-tk subpackages any longer.  Those programs have been split
    off into separate source distributions.  They are still available, but in
    some cases not under those RPM names.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>RPM FILE LOCATIONS</title>
  <para>
    To be in compliance with the Linux FHS, the PostgreSQL RPMs install files in
    a manner not consistent with most of the PostgreSQL documentation.
    According to the standard PostgreSQL documentation, PostgreSQL is installed
    under the directory /usr/local/pgsql, with executables, source, and data
    existing in various subdirectories.
  </para>
  <para>
    Different distributions have different ideas of some of these file
    locations.  In particular, the documentation directory can be /usr/doc,
    /usr/doc/packages, /usr/share/doc, /usr/share/doc/packages, or some other
    similar path.
  </para>
  <para>
    However, this installation (which usually matches the Red Hat / CentOS /
    Fedora RPM's) install the files like:
  </para>
  <table>
    <title>Filesystem layout</title>
    <tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
      <thead>
        <row><entry>Description</entry><entry><emphasis>Directory</emphasis></entry></row>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <row><entry>Executables</entry><entry>@bindir@</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Libraries</entry><entry>@libdir@</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Documentation</entry><entry>@pgdocdir@/html</entry></row>
        <row><entry>PDF documentation</entry><entry>@pgdocdir@</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Contrib documentation</entry><entry>@pgcontribdocdir@</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Source</entry><entry>not installed</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Data</entry><entry>@PGDATADIR@</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Backup area</entry><entry>@sharedstatedir@/pgsql/backups</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Templates</entry><entry>@datadir@/pgsql</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Procedural Languages</entry><entry>@libdir@/pgsql</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Development Headers</entry><entry>@includedir@/pgsql</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Other shared data</entry><entry>@datadir@/pgsql</entry></row>
        <row><entry>Regression tests</entry><entry>@libdir@/pgsql/test/regress  (in the -test package)</entry></row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table>

  <para>
    While it may seem gratuitous to place these files in different locations,
    the FHS requires it -- distributions should not ever touch /usr/local.  It
    may also seem like more work to keep track of where everything is -- but,
    that's the beauty of RPM -- you don't have to keep track of the files, RPM
    does it for you.
  </para>
  <para>
    These RPMs are designed to be LSB-compliant -- if you find this not to be
    the case, please let us know by way of the pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org
    mailing list.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>MULTIPLE POSTMASTERS</title>
m4_ifelse([@WANT_SYSVINIT@], [1], m4_dnl
[
  <para>
    The @NAME_PACKAGE@-server RPM contains an "initscript" that is used to start
    the postmaster.  The current version of this script has logic to be able to
    start multiple postmasters, with different data areas, listening on
    different ports, etc.  To use this functionality requires root access.
  </para>

  <para>
    As an example, let us create a secondary postmaster called, creatively
    enough, 'secondary'.  Here are the steps:
  </para>

  <orderedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        create a hard link in /etc/rc.d/init.d (or equivalent location) to
        '@NAME_SERVICE@' named 'secondary'.
        PGSETUP_COMMAND(ln @NAME_SERVICE@ secondary)
        Pick a name not already used in /etc/rc.d/init.d!
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        create a file in /etc/sysconfig/pgsql named secondary.  This file is
        a shell script -- typically you would define PGDATA, PGPORT, and PGOPTS
        here.  Since $PGDATA/postgresql.conf may override many of these
        settings, except PGDATA, you might be surprised on startup.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        create the target PGDATA
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Initdb the targe PGDATA as documented in the main documentation.
        Automatic initdb may or may not work for you, so a manual one is
        preferred.  This must be done as user 'postgres'
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Edit postgresql.conf to change the port, address, tcpip settings, etc.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Start the postmaster with 'service secondary start'.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </orderedlist>

  <para>
    Note that there may be problems with the standard symlink -- consider this
    support experimental at this point in time.
  </para>
], m4_dnl
[
  <para>
    The postgresql-server package contains a systemd "unit" files
    @NAME_SERVICE@.service and @NAME_SERVICE@@.service.  The first file is used
    solely to start the default PostgreSQL server.  The second one is designed
    to allow instantiating additional PostgreSQL servers on same machine.
  </para>
  <para>
    As an example, let us create a secondary PostgreSQL service called,
    creatively enough, 'postgresql@secondary'.  Here are the steps:
  </para>

  <orderedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Run the following command to create the necessary configuration and to
        initialize the new database cluster
      </para>
      <screen>
        <prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>@NAME_BINARYBASE@-setup --initdb \</userinput>
        <userinput>    --unit postgresql@secondary \</userinput>
        <userinput>    --new-systemd-unit \</userinput>
        <userinput>    --datadir /path/to/data/directory \</userinput>
        <userinput>    --port NNNN</userinput>
      </screen>
      <para>
        Replace the "/path/to/data/directory" path and NNNN port with
        appropriate settings that don't conflict with any other PostgreSQL
        setup.  Make sure that the parent directory of specified path has
        appropriate ownership and permissions.  Note the SELinux issues
        mentioned below.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Edit postgresql.conf in the target 'datadir' directory to change
        settings as needed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Start the new service with this command:
        PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_START(@NAME_SERVICE@@secondary))
        You will probably also want to run the command
        PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_ENABLE(@NAME_SERVICE@@secondary))
        so that the new service is automatically started in future reboots.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </orderedlist>
  <para>
    When doing a major-version upgrade of a secondary service, add the service
    name to the @NAME_BINARYBASE@-setup command, for example:
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(@NAME_BINARYBASE@-setup --upgrade --unit @NAME_SERVICE@@secondary)
    This will let @NAME_BINARYBASE@-setup find the correct data directory from
    the proper configuration file.
  </para>
  <para>
    If you are running SELinux in enforcing mode (which is highly recommended,
    particularly for network-exposed services like PostgreSQL) you will need to
    adjust SELinux policy to allow the secondary server to use non-default
    PGPORT or PGDATA settings.  To allow use of a non-default port, say 5433, do
    this as root:
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(semanage port -a -t postgresql_port_t -p tcp 5433)
    To allow use of a non-default data directory, say /special/pgdata, do:
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(semanage fcontext -a -t postgresql_db_t "/special/pgdata(/.*)?")
    If you already created the directory, follow that with:
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(restorecon -R /special/pgdata)
    These settings are persistent across reboots.  For more information see "man
    semanage".
  </para>

])
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>REGRESSION TESTING</title>
  <para>
    If you install the @NAME_PACKAGE@-test RPM then you can run the PostgreSQL
    regression tests.  These tests stress your database installation and produce
    results that give you assurances that the installation is complete, and that
    your database machine is up to the task.
  </para>
  <para>
    To run the regression tests under the RPM installation, make sure that the
    PostgreSQL server has been started (if not, su to root and do
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_START(@NAME_SERVICE@))
    su to postgres, cd to @libdir@/pgsql/test/regress and execute "make check".
    This command will start the regression tests and will both show the results
    to the screen and store the results in the file regress.out.
  </para>
  <para>
    If any tests fail, see the file regression.diffs in that directory for
    details, and read the "Regression Tests" section of the PostgreSQL
    documentation to find out whether the differences are actually significant.
    If you need help interpreting the results, contact the pgsql-general list at
    postgresql.org.
  </para>
  <para>
    After testing, run "make clean" to remove the files generated by the test
    script.  Then you can remove the @NAME_PACKAGE@-test RPM, if you wish.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>STARTING POSTMASTER AUTOMATICALLY AT SYSTEM STARTUP</title>
  <para>
    Fedora / Red Hat / CentOS use the systemd package to manage server startup.
    A systemd unit file for PostgreSQL is provided in the server package, as
    @systemdunitsdir@/@NAME_SERVICE@.service.  To start the postmaster manually,
    as root run
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_START(@NAME_SERVICE@))
    To shut the postmaster down,
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_STOP(@NAME_SERVICE@))
    These two commands only change the postmaster's current status.  If you want
    the postmaster to be started automatically during future system startups,
    run
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_ENABLE(@NAME_SERVICE@))
    To undo that again,
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(PGSETUP_SERVICE_DISABLE(@NAME_SERVICE@))
m4_ifelse([@WANT_SYSVINIT@], [1], m4_dnl
[See "man chkconfig" and "man service" for other possible subcommands.],m4_dnl
[See "man systemctl" for other possible subcommands.]))
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>GRAND UNIFIED CONFIGURATION (GUC) FILE</title>
  <para>
    The PostgreSQL server has many tunable parameters -- the file
    @PGDATADIR@/postgresql.conf is the master configuration file for the
    whole system.
  </para>
  <para>
    The RPM ships with a mostly-default file -- you will need to tune the
    parameters for your installation.  In particular, you might want to allow
    nonlocal TCP/IP socket connections -- in order to allow these, you will need
    to edit the postgresql.conf file.  The line in question contains the string
    'listen_addresses' -- you need to both uncomment the line and set the value
    to '*' to get the postmaster to accept nonlocal connections.  You'll also
    need to adjust pg_hba.conf appropriately.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>LOGGING SET UP</title>
  <para>
    By default, the postmaster's stderr log is directed into files placed in a
    pg_log subdirectory of the data directory (ie, @PGDATADIR@/pg_log).
    The out-of-the-box configuration rotates among seven files, one for each
    day of the week.  You can adjust this by changing postgresql.conf settings.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>REBUILDING FROM SOURCE RPM</title>
  <para>
    If your distribution is not supported by the binary RPMs from
    PostgreSQL.org, you will need to rebuild from the source RPM.
  </para>
  <para>
    If you have not previously rebuilt any RPMs, set up the required environment:
    make a work directory, say ~/rpmwork, then cd into it and do
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(mkdir BUILD BUILDROOT RPMS SOURCES SPECS SRPMS)
    Then make a file ~/.rpmmacros containing
    <screen><userinput>%_topdir full_path_to_work_directory_here</userinput></screen>
  </para>
  <para>
    Download the postgresql .src.rpm for the release you want and place it in
    the SRPMS subdirectory, then cd there and execute
    PGSETUP_COMMAND(rpmbuild --rebuild postgresql-nnn.src.rpm)
    The results will appear under the RPMS subdirectory.
  </para>
  <para>
    You will have to have a full development environment to rebuild the RPM set.
    If rpmbuild complains of lack of certain packages, install them and try
    again.  In some cases, you can disable features to avoid needing some
    development packages, as detailed next.
  </para>
  <para>
    This release of the RPMset includes the ability to conditionally build sets
    of packages.  The parameters, their defaults, and the meanings are:
  </para>

  <table>
    <title>SRPM configuration options</title>
    <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
      <thead>
        <row><entry>Variable</entry><entry>Default</entry><entry>Comment</entry></row>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <row><entry>beta</entry><entry>0</entry><entry>build with cassert and do not strip the binaries</entry></row>
        <row><entry>runselftest</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>do "make check" during the build</entry></row>
        <row><entry>test</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build the postgresql-test package</entry></row>
        <row><entry>upgrade</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build the postgresql-upgrade package</entry></row>
        <row><entry>plpython</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build the PL/Python procedural language package</entry></row>
        <row><entry>plpython3</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build the PL/Python3 procedural language package</entry></row>
        <row><entry>pltcl</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build the PL/Tcl procedural language package</entry></row>
        <row><entry>plperl</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build the PL/Perl procedural language package</entry></row>
        <row><entry>ssl</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with OpenSSL support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>kerberos</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with Kerberos 5 support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>ldap</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with LDAP support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>nls</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with national language support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>pam</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with PAM support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>sdt</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with SystemTap support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>xml</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with XML support</entry></row>
        <row><entry>pgfts</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build with --enable-thread-safety</entry></row>
        <row><entry>selinux</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build contrib/selinux</entry></row>
        <row><entry>uuid</entry><entry>1</entry><entry>build contrib/uuid-ossp</entry></row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table>

  <para>
    To use these defines, invoke a rebuild like this:
    <screen>
    <prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>rpmbuild --rebuild \
          --define 'plpython 0' \
          --define 'pltcl 0' \
          --define 'test 0' \
          --define 'runselftest 0' \
          --define 'kerberos 0' \
          postgresql-9.2.0-1.src.rpm
    </userinput></screen>
    This command would disable the plpython, pltcl, and test subpackages,
    disable the regression test run during build, and disable kerberos support.
  </para>
  <para>
    You might need to disable runselftest if there is an installed version of
    PostgreSQL that is a different major version from what you are trying to
    build.  The self test tends to pick up the installed libpq.so shared library
    in place of the one being built :-(, so if that isn't compatible the test
    will fail.  Also, you can't use runselftest when doing the build as root.
  </para>
  <para>
    More of these conditionals will be added in the future.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>CONTRIB FILES</title>
  <para>
    The contents of the contrib tree are packaged into the -contrib subpackage
    and are processed with make and make install.  There is documentation in
    @pgcontribdocdir@ for these modules.  Most of the modules are in
    @libdir@/pgsql for loadable modules, and binaries are in @bindir@.  In the
    future these files may be split out, depending upon function and
    dependencies.
  </para>
</sect1>

<sect1>
  <title>MORE INFORMATION</title>
  <para>
    You can get more information at http://www.postgresql.org and
    http://yum.postgresql.org
  </para>
  <para>
    Please help make this packaging better -- let us know if you find problems,
    or better ways of doing things. You can reach us by e-mail at
    pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org or fail a bug against postgresql component on
    bugzilla.redhat.com.
  </para>
</sect1>

</article>