Automatic system tuning daemon: tuned
=====================================

Concept:
--------

- Monitoring plugins for different sources (cpu, disk, network, sound, memory)
- Each monitoring plugin has a getLoad() method that returns a value between 0 - 100
- Tuning plugins for different targets (cpu, disk, network, sound,
  memory etc) and modes (power or performance)
- Each plugin can set various weights for any monitoring source (0 - 100)
- Each tuning plugin has a setTuning(load) method
- Tuning will be based on accumulated load*weight for each target



Diagram:
--------

 [Mon-P]   [Mon-P]    [Mon-P]
    \         |         /
      \       |       /
        \     |     /
          \   |   /
            \ | /
           [tuned]
            / | \
          /   |   \
        /     |     \
      /       |       \
    /         |         \
 [Tune-P]   [Tune-P]  [Tune-P]



tuned:
-------

- Is the main interface and aggregator
- Acts as a "middleware"
- Only general functionality. Specific hw/mon functionality only in plugins
- Has a list of all mon and pm plugins
- Monitoring interval is configurable (1 wakeup per interval to reduce # of
  wakeups)
- Weights for each Mon can be set for each Tune plugin
- Default weight is 0
- Aggreated load: mon-p.getLoad() * tune-p.weights[mon-p] / 100. If all weights
  together are 100 then this will be a balanced and normalized load
- Accumulated weights per tune plugin can be > 100 or < 100. Need to decide
  whether to automatically normalize it or not
/* - Tuning aggressivness can be specified from 0 to 100. 0 == no PM, 100 means
  always fully tune even under full load. Configurable globally for all tuning
  plugins and/or individually */
- Tuning modes should follow the system/user settings for power management of
  the currently running GUI (e.g. presentation mode etc)
- all fooLoad() methods always return a hash like this: {cat -> {devname -> {subcat = load}}}
  to support multiple devices per monitor (e.g. disks, network cards)
- Optional parameters for fooLoad() calls: category, subcategory and devname
- Each plugin can be completely disabled.
- External interfaces to allow requests for monitoring applications


Monitor plugins:
----------------

- Monitor plugins can be based on any source. E.g. collectd or stap scripts
- Each plugins needs to register to tuned via registerMonitorPlugin()
- Each plugins has it's own configuration. Only external interface to tuned
  is getLoad() (which returns a list of tuples, see tuned)
- Each plugin needs to be in a specific category
- Examples of categories that can be monitored:
  o CPU
  o Disk IO
  o Network IO
  o Memory IO
  o USB
  o Graphics
  o External input (keyboard/mouse)
- Subcategories possible:
  o Input
  o Output 
  o Blocksize
- Should avoid disk/network io to prevent unecessary wakeups


Tuning plugins:
---------------

- Tuning plugins will be HW specific
- Each plugins needs to register to tuned via registerTuningPlugin()
- Blacklists for know problems with HW
- There are 2 types of tuning plugins:
  o Power
  o Performance
- Each plugin has to define it's own policy for handling the different
  levels of aggregated load
- Each plugin has an interface called setTuning(load) where load is the aggreated
  load for that tuning plugin modified by the specific or overall level of
  tuning aggressiveness
- Several levels of aggressiveness: none, low, medium, high, max
- Parts that can be tuned:
  o CPU
  o Disk IO
  o Network IO
  o Memory IO
  o USB
  o Graphics
  o External input (keyboard/mouse)


Example:
--------

monitoring plugin for disk io: Montiors either via /proc or other means the IO
for all disks in the system.

getLoad() returns something like: {"DISK" : {"sda" : {"READ" : 0.24, "WRITE" :
0.01, "SIZE" : 0.31}}}

This means that sda would be at 24% of it's known peak load in regard to
reads, at 1% in regard to writes and at 31% in regard to blocksizes.

Based on that information a tuning plugin for disk io could now decide to do
the following:

load = tuned.getLoad("DISK")
for devnames in load["DISK"].keys():
  devnode = load["DISK"][devname]
  # Spin down after 30s and max powersave if device isn't in use
  if (devnode["WRITE"] == 0.0 and devnode["READ"] == 0.0) {
    hdparm -S5 /dev/devname 
    hdparm -B1 /dev/devname
  # If no write and little reads: Allow drive to spin down after 5m
  # and max powersave.
  } elseif (devnode["WRITE"] == 0.0 and devnode["READ"] <= 0.05) {
    hdparm -S60 /dev/devname
    hdparm -B1 /dev/devname
  # If write are done or more reads don't allow disk to spindown
  # and raise powersave mode to medium range
  } else { 
    hdparm -S0 /dev/devname
    hdparm -B128 /dev/devname
  }