path: root/gnome2-accessibility-guide/C/general.xml

<chapter id="general">
<title>General Accessibility Tips</title>
<para>
A number of technologies can be of assistance to people with different types of disabilities. These are covered in this section. In particular:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>
Essential Keyboard Commands
</emphasis>
 - covers some basic keyboard commands.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>
Keyboard Desktop Navigation
</emphasis>
 - allows users to navigate the desktop without using a mouse or pointer device.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>
Accessible Login
</emphasis>
 - users can configure the login screen to be more accessible. 
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<section>
<title>Essential Keyboard Commands</title>
<para>
Before moving forward, be sure you are familiar with these essential GNOME commands:
</para>
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> [Debian] - display and activate the GNOME Desktop menu bar. This grants access to the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu>, <guimenu>Places</guimenu> and <guimenu>System</guimenu> menu bar items.
</para>
<note>
<para>
For Solaris and Windows systems, this key is <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap></keycombo>.
</para>
</note>
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> or <keycombo><keycap>Meta</keycap><keycap>R</keycap></keycombo> - summons the <application>Run</application> dialog, where you can issue terminal commands with or without parameters. If a file needs to be passed as one of these parameters, use the <guilabel>Run With File</guilabel> button to easily locate the file needed. This dialog also presents an alternate list of known applications which may be easier to navigate than the Debian system desktop menu (<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>) approach.
</para>
<note>
<para>
For Solaris systems, this key is <keycombo><keycap>Meta</keycap><keycap>R</keycap></keycombo> (as with Microsoft Windows). A meta- or super-key is an OS-logo shift key.
</para>
</note>
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap> and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> - move focus within an application between controls; use <keycap>Tab</keycap> to cycle forward through controls and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> to cycle backwards. Controls are any user-interactive element that you can manipulate, such as buttons, drop-down lists, text fields, etc. <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> are used instead where <keycap>Tab</keycap> and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> are reserved for use by the focused control.
</para>
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> - switches between currently running applications. If you have multiple programs running, use <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> to cycle forward through the applications and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> to cycle backwards. <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap></keycombo> and <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap></keycombo> also cycle between applications, but without an application preview window.
</para>
</section>

<section id="sysadmin-27">
<title>Accessible Login</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>accessible login feature</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The GNOME Desktop includes an Accessible Login feature, enabling users to:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Log in to the desktop even if the user cannot easily use the screen, mouse, or keyboard in the usual way.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Launch assistive technologies at login time by
associating a user action with an assistive technology application. The user can perform the user action from the standard keyboard, or from a keyboard, pointing device, or switch device that is attached to the USB or
PS/2 mouse port. These user actions are called <emphasis>gestures</emphasis>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change the visual appearance of the login dialog before the user logs in; for example, using a high-contrast theme for better visibility.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<para>
Accessible login features are presently 100% functioning for Solaris only.
</para>
</note>

<section id="sysadmin-34">
<title>Enabling Accessible Login</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>GDM</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
In order to use the accessibility support for GNOME, the accessibility infrastructure must be enabled. To enable GNOME accessibility features from the command line, type the following command and then log out:
</para>
<para>
<userinput>gconftool-2 --set "/desktop/gnome/interface/accessibility" --type boolean "True"</userinput>
</para>
<para>
To enable GNOME accessibility features from a GUI, run the <menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>
<guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem>
<guimenuitem>Assistive Technology</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> command from the top level menu.  Select the <guilabel>"Enable assistive technologies"</guilabel> checkbox and then press the <guilabel>"Close and Log Out"</guilabel> button.
</para>
<para>
The next time you log in, assistive technology support will be enabled for the desktop.
</para>
<para>
To configure GDM by using the GUI (the preferred method), perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Log in as the <literal>root</literal> user.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Run <application>gdmsetup</application> from a terminal; you may be advised to reboot after exiting the application.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
To configure GDM if you cannot access the GUI environment, you will need to navigate the file system and modify files:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Log in as the <literal>root</literal> user.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Open the file <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/custom.conf</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Search the file for the following line:
</para>
<para>
<literal>#AddGtkModules=false</literal>
</para>
<para>
and replace the line with the following:
</para>
<para>
<literal>AddGtkModules=true</literal>
</para>
<para>
This step enables the GtkModules.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Search the file for the following line:
</para>
<para>
<literal>
#GtkModulesList=gail:atk-bridge:dwellmouselistener:keymouselistener
</literal>
</para>
<para>
and delete the <literal>#</literal> from the start of the line so that the line reads:
</para>
<para>
<literal>
GtkModulesList=gail:atk-bridge:dwellmouselistener:keymouselistener
</literal>
</para>
<note>
<para>
The above lines must be displayed as single lines in the <filename>custom.conf</filename> file without line breaks. The formatting of this guide may display the lines as being longer than two lines.
</para>
</note>
<para>
This step loads all of the GtkModules to enable assistive technologies such as 
<application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>
and <application>Screen Reader and Magnifier
</application>. You can edit the line above further to load only the GtkModules that you require to support the user base. For example: 
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
If you need to use the <application>
Screen Reader and Magnifier</application>, include <literal>gail</literal> and <literal>atk-bridge</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you need to use a pointing device without buttons or switches, include <literal>gail</literal>, <literal>atk-bridge</literal> and 
<literal>dwellmouselistener</literal>. 
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you use pointing devices with switches, alternative physical keyboards, or switch and button devices, include <literal>keymouselistener</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> can operate without <literal>gail</literal> and <literal>atk-bridge</literal>, but with a reduced feature set. 
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
For optimum accessibility, include 
<literal>gail</literal> and <literal>atk-bridge</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Save the <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/custom.conf</filename> file.
</para>
<note>
<para>
If you make any changes to the 
<filename>/etc/X11/gdm/custom.conf</filename> file after you enable GDM, you can execute the following command to restart GDM and activate the changes:
</para>
<para>
<command>gdm-restart</command>
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Edit the file 
<filename>/etc/group</filename> and append the
following to the <literal>audio</literal> line:
</para>
<para>
<literal>,gdm</literal>
</para>
<para>
This step ensures that speech works with GDM.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Restart your system.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
<application>Xserver</application> is required for all distributions; for Linux and OpenSolaris, it should be <application>Xorg</application>. You can find them in both <filename>/etc/X11</filename> and <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. Generally for Linux there will be a symbol link in <filename>/etc/X11/X</filename> and it is always linked to the binary <filename>Xorg</filename> in <filename>/usr/bin/Xorg</filename>. For OpenSolaris, you can find this process with the command <userinput>ps -ef | grep X</userinput>.
</para>
<para>
To enable or disable <application>Xorg</application> extensions, you can edit the file
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> and add the following parameters to enable different
extensions:
</para>
<programlisting>
<computeroutput>
Section "Extensions"
  Option "Composite"         "Enable"
  Option "other extensions"  "Enable/Disable"
EndSection
</computeroutput>
</programlisting>
</section>

<section id="sysadmin-29">
<title>Starting Assistive Technologies at Login</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>gestures</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
If you load the <literal>keymouselistener</literal> and <literal>dwellmouselistener</literal> GtkModules in the GDM configuration file, you can assign user actions to launch specific assistive technologies at login time. These user actions are called gestures. The gesture associations are contained in the following GDM configuration files: 
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<filename>
/etc/X11/gdm/modules/AccessKeyMouseEvents
</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<filename>
/etc/X11/gdm/modules/AccessDwellMouseEvents
</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<para>
If you modify these files, you must restart your system before the changes take effect.
</para>
</note>
<para>
The following sections contain examples of the gestures that you can add to the GDM configuration files.
</para>
<note>
<para>
The gestures must be contained in a single line in the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents
</filename> file without line breaks. The formatting of this guide might display the examples in the following sections across multiple lines. 
</para>
</note>

<section id="sysadmin-30">
<title>Starting the Screen Reader Using a Keyboard Shortcut</title>
<para>
Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate keyboard shortcuts with assistive technologies. For example, the following lines enable you to press and hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>S</keycap></keycombo> or <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>M</keycap></keycombo> for one second to either start speech or magnification:
</para>
<para>
<literal>
&lt;Control&gt;s 1 1000 10000 /usr/bin/orca -n -d main-window
</literal>
</para>
<para>
<literal>
&lt;Control&gt;m 1 1000 10000 /usr/bin/orca -n -d main-window -e magnifier
</literal>
</para>
</section>

<section id="sysadmin-41">
<title>Starting Magnifier Using a Keyboard Shortcut
</title>
<para>
Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate keyboard shortcuts with assistive technologies. For example, the following line enables you to press and hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>M</keycap></keycombo> for one second to start <application>Screen Reader and 
Magnifier</application> in magnifier mode:
</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Control&gt;m 1 1000 10000 srcore --login --enable-magnifier
--disable-speech</literal>
</para>
</section>

<section id="sysadmin-31">
<title>Starting On-Screen Keyboard Using a Switch or Button Gesture</title>
<para>
Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate switch, key, or button gestures with assistive technologies. Since the primary input device for many <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> 
users is a switch or button, this is a good way to enable users to start <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> at login time. 
</para>
<para>
If there is a tendency for a user to start an 
application unintentionally, you can associate the gestures with multiple switch presses or minimum durations. For example, the following line starts <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> in inverse scanning mode when the user presses the 
switch that is defined as Switch 2 three times within two seconds, for a minimum of 100 milliseconds for each press:
</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Switch2&gt;3 100 2000 gok --login --accessmethod=inversescanning
--scan-action=switch1 --select-action=switch2</literal>
</para>
<para>
Users who use single switches may prefer to start <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> in automatic scanning mode. The following line starts <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> in automatic scanning mode when the user presses the switch on an alternative access device for more than four seconds:
</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Switch&gt;1 4000 5000 gok --login --accessmethod=automaticscanning
--scan-action=switch1 --select-action=switch1</literal>
</para>
<para>
For information about the <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> operating modes, see the online help for <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>.
</para>
</section>

<section id="sysadmin-32">
<title>Starting On-Screen Keyboard Using a Motion-Only Gesture</title>
<para>
You can define gestures that involve only the motion of a pointing device such as a mouse, or an alternative pointing device, such as a head pointer or trackball. The syntax of the gesture does not change depending on whether you are using a mouse or an alternative pointing device. Edit the 
<filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> 
file to associate motion gestures with assistive technologies.
</para>
<para>
If the <literal>dwellmouselistener</literal> GtkModule is loaded, alternative pointing devices are temporarily latched to the core pointer. This means that if the user moves the alternative pointing device, the on-screen pointer moves.
</para>
<para>
For example, the following line starts 
<application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> in dwell mode when the user moves the on-screen pointer from inside the login dialog through the top edge, back into the dialog through the top edge, out of the dialog through the left edge, back into the dialog through the left edge, and similarly through the bottom and right edges of the dialog in a cross pattern:
</para>
<para>
<literal>TTLLBBRR O 10000 gok --login --access-method=dwellselection
--input-device=MOUSE[3]</literal>
</para>
<para>
Note that the <literal>--input-device</literal> parameter specified in the gesture must match the name of the extended user input device, such as a head pointer or trackball, as specified in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>.
</para>
</section>
</section>

<section id="sysadmin-33">
<title>Additional Requirements for Accessible Login</title>
<para>
To enable the Accessible Login feature to use 
alternative pointing devices and switch devices such as sip-and-puff switches, wheelchair-mounted switches or trackballs, you might need to modify your X server system configuration to recognize these devices. You can use most devices that emulate mouse buttons with the Accessible Login feature and <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>, including USB single switches and mouse-like pointing devices.
</para>
<note>
<para>
You should not configure an alternative input device to control the primary on-screen pointer. This might result in undesirable behavior or cause situations from which 
the user of the alternate input device cannot recover without using the primary keyboard or mouse. To prevent this problem, remove any occurrences of the attributes 
<literal>SendCore</literal> or <literal>AlwaysCore</literal> from any of the 
<literal>InputDevice</literal> lines in the X Server configuration file.
</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-0">
<title>Keyboard Desktop Navigation</title>
<para>
This section describes how to navigate the GNOME Desktop from the keyboard only. Users who have difficulty using a mouse or other pointing device can navigate and use the desktop from the keyboard.
</para>

<section id="keynav-1">
<title>Introduction to Keyboard Navigation</title>
<para>
This section describes the essential keyboard shortcuts to enable you to navigate the desktop from the keyboard.
</para>
<para>
You can customize some of the keyboard shortcuts that are described in this chapter. The text indicates the shortcuts that you can customize. See <xref linkend="keynav-36"/> for information about how to customize keyboard shortcuts. 
</para>

<section id="keynav-2">
<title>Essential Keyboard Shortcuts</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>essential</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>caret navigation mode</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table lists the essential keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate the desktop. The keyboard shortcuts that you use to navigate specific elements and controls are described in the 
appropriate sections of this chapter.
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next element or control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Reverse the navigation direction and give focus to the previous element or control. In general, the <keycap>Shift</keycap> key reverses the navigation direction.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab
</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next element or control if the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key has a specific purpose in a control. For example, if you press <keycap>Tab</keycap> in a text box, the system inserts a tab space.
</para>
<para>
To give focus to the previous element or control, press <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo>.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Navigate within an element or control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Activate the element or control that has focus. For example, if the current control is a button, this action is the equivalent of clicking on the button with a mouse.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close a window, menu, or drawer.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>F7</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Switch to caret navigation mode. Caret navigation mode enables you to use the keyboard to select text. For more information about caret navigation mode, see 
<xref linkend="keynav-52"/>.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-3">
<title>Global Keyboard Shortcuts</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>global</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use from any part of the GNOME Desktop. 
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap>
</keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Open the <guimenu>Main Applications Menu</guimenu>.
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
<note>
<para>
For Solaris systems, this key is <keycap>Ctrl-Esc</keycap> (as with Microsoft Windows).
</para>
</note>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap>
</keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the <guilabel>Run Application</guilabel> dialog.
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
<note>
<para>
For Solaris systems, this key is <keycap>Meta-R</keycap> (as with Microsoft Windows). A meta- or super-key is an OS-logo shift key.
</para>
</note>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Print Screen</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Start the screenshot application and take a screenshot of the entire screen. 
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>
Print Screen</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Start the screenshot application and take a screenshot of the window that currently has focus.
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F1</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
If the focused element is an application window or dialog, this keyboard shortcut opens the Help for the application.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap>
</keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
If the focused element is a panel or application window, this keyboard shortcut switches the display of tooltips for the window or panel objects on and off.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10
</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open a popup menu for the element that has focus (if a popup menu exists for that element).
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-4">
<title>Navigating the Desktop Background</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for desktop background</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The desktop background is the part of the GNOME Desktop where there are no interface items or applications, such as panels and windows. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate the desktop background and the desktop background objects. A desktop background object is an icon on the desktop background that you can use to open files, folders, or applications. 
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt
</keycap><keycap>D</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Temporarily hide all windows and give focus to the desktop background.
</para>
<para>
To restore the windows, press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>D</keycap></keycombo> again.
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
<note>
<para>
For Solaris systems, this key is <keycap>Meta-D</keycap> (as with Microsoft Windows). A meta- or super-key is an OS-logo shift key.
</para>
</note>

</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt
</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Display a popup window with icons that represent the desktop background and the panels. Press and hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> and continue to press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to switch the focus between the desktop background and the panels. 
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<!--<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
When the desktop background or a desktop background 
object has focus, give focus to the next desktop 
background object in alphabetical order.
</para>
</entry>
</row>-->
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to a neighboring desktop background object (if the desktop has focus).
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
A sequence of characters that matches the first <replaceable>n</replaceable> 
characters of a desktop background object name.
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
If the desktop background has focus, give focus to the desktop background object whose name starts with the specified sequence of characters.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F2</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Rename the desktop background object that has focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>
F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the popup menu for the desktop background object that has focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the <guimenu>Desktop Background</guimenu> menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-5">
<title>Navigating Panels</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for panels</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A panel is an area from which you can run special programs, applications, and panel applications. The most common panel is the panel that stretches the full width of the bottom edge of the desktop. The following
table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate panels and panel objects.
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to a panel. This keyboard shortcut displays a popup window with icons that represent the desktop background, panels, and drawers. Press and hold 
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> and continue to press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to switch the focus between the desktop background, panels, and drawers. If you're especially dexterous, you can add <keycap>Shift</keycap> to go in reverse.
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next object on the panel.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F10</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu when the Menu Panel has focus. Continue to press <keycap>F10</keycap> to switch focus between the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu and the window list. This key behavior may alter slightly depending on context and specific user setup.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Activate a panel object; for example, open a menu or start a launcher (icon shortcut).
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10
</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the panel object popup menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F10
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the panel popup menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>

<section id="keynav-6">
<title>Moving Panel Objects</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to move a panel
object</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
You can move a focused panel object to a different location on a panel or drawer, or you can move the object to the next panel. To move a panel object, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to give focus to the object.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Press <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo> to open the panel object popup menu.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use the arrow keys to select the <guimenuitem>
Move</guimenuitem> menu item.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use the keyboard shortcuts that are listed in the following table to perform the move operation:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Move the object left/right on a horizontal panel, or up/down on a vertical panel.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the object with focus, swapping positions with any other objects encountered.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + arrow keys
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the object, swapping positions with any other objects that you encounter in the move.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the object to the next panel.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Complete the move operation.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
The following examples demonstrate the effect of different move operations on the objects in a panel:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="50*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="50*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Illustration</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Description</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata 
fileref="figures/move_object_before.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Portion of a panel with three objects  displayed in the following order from left to right: <application>Geyes</application> icon, <application>Volume Control</application> icon, and <application>Help</application> icon.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Show a panel with three panel objects before a move operation takes place.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_arrows.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: <application>Geyes</application> icon, <application>Volume Control</application> icon, and <application>Help</application> icon. 
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Shows the effect of using the arrow keys to move the <application>Geyes</application> panel application on the panel. You can use the arrow keys to move the panel application left or right until you meet the next panel 
object.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_push.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: <application>Geyes</application> icon, <application>Volume Control</application> icon, and <application>Help</application> icon.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Shows the effect of using <keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys to move the <application>Geyes</application> panel application on the panel. You can use the 
<keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys to push the <application>Volume Control</application>
and <application>Help</application> panel objects ahead of the object that you are moving.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_jump.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: <application>Volume Control</application> icon, <application>Help</application> icon, and <application>Geyes</application> icon.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Shows the effect of using <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + arrow keys to move the <application>Geyes</application> panel 
application on the panel. You can use the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + arrow keys to swap positions with the <application>Volume Control</application> and <application>Help</application> panel objects as you meet the objects.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<note>
<para>
Panel applications that are <guilabel>Locked</guilabel> cannot be moved. To unlock a panel application, use the <guimenu>panel object</guimenu> menu and deselect the <guimenuitem>Lock to Panel</guimenuitem> option.
</para>
</note>
</section>

<section id="keynav-7">
<title>Navigating Drawers</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for drawers</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A drawer is a collapsible extension of a panel. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate into and out of drawers. When you open a drawer, you can navigate the contents of the drawer in the same way as you navigate a panel. See 
<xref linkend="keynav-5"/> for information about how to navigate a panel.
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Open or close the drawer that has focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Navigate into the drawer that has focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Close the drawer and give focus to the drawer object on the panel.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<!--<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Esc
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Gives focus to the drawer object on the panel and leaves 
the drawer open.
</para>
</entry>
</row>-->
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-8">
<title>Navigating Panel Menus</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for menus on panels</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate menus on panels:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Open the menu that has focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Navigate the menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select a menu item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the popup menu associated with a menu item (if one exists).
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close a menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-9">
<title>Navigating Panel Applications</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for panel applications</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A panel application is a small application that resides on a panel. You can navigate to all panel applications and open the panel application popup menu from the keyboard. However, if the panel application does not contain controls that you can give focus to, 
you cannot navigate the controls in the panel application. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate panel applications. 
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Activate the panel application control that has focus, if applicable. Not all panel applications contain controls that you can activate. If the panel application does not contain a control that you can activate,
the <keycap>spacebar</keycap> does nothing. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Navigate the controls on the panel application.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the panel application popup menu. To navigate the menu, use the standard keyboard shortcuts for navigating menus. See <xref linkend="keynav-24"/> for information
about how to navigate menus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-10">
<title>Navigating Workspaces</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for workspaces</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A workspace is a discrete area in which you
can work. You can have many workspaces on your desktop and you can switch from one workspace to another. Each workspace can 
contain different windows and processes. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate workspaces:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> + arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next or previous workspace. This keyboard shortcut displays a popup window with icons that represent the workspaces. Press and hold  <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> and continue to press the arrow keys to switch the focus between the workspaces. 
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
</keycombo> + arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the window that has focus to the next or previous workspace.
</para>
<para>
You can customize this keyboard shortcut.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-11">
<title>Navigating Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for windows</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following sections describe the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate windows. A window is a rectangular frame on your screen that displays an application.
</para>
<note>
<para>
You can customize all of the keyboard shortcuts that are associated with navigating windows. See <xref linkend="keynav-10"/> for more information.
</para>
</note>

<section id="keynav-12">
<title>Giving Focus to Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to give focus to
a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
Before you can use or modify a window, you must give focus to the window. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to give focus to a window:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Display a popup window with icons that represent each window. Press and hold <keycap>Alt</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to move through the windows until you reach the window you want to have focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Raise each window in turn until you reach the window you want.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Cycle between windows belonging to the current application (eg, a multiple document interface application like <application>Text Editor</application>).
</para>
</entry>
</row>


</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-13">
<title>Controlling Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to control a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
When a window has focus, you can perform various actions on the window. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that
you can use to control the window that has focus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>
spacebar</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Open the <guimenu>Window</guimenu> menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Close the window.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<emphasis>Solaris:</emphasis>
<keycap>Open</keycap>
</para>
<para><emphasis>Linux:</emphasis><keycombo><keycap>
Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Minimize the window.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F10
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Maximize the window.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Restore a maximized window to its original size.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-14">
<title>Moving Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to move a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
When a window has focus, you can move the window around the screen. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to move a window:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Start the move operation. The mouse pointer changes to a cross. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the window 10 pixels at a time in the direction of the arrow key.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the window one pixel at a time in the direction of the arrow key.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the window in the direction of the arrow key and align it with the edge of the nearest window, panel or screen edge.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Complete the move operation, leaving the window in the current position.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Cancel the move operation, restoring the window to its original position.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-15">
<title>Resizing Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to resize a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
When a window has focus, you can increase or
decrease the size of the window. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts
that you can use to resize the window that has focus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>F8</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Start the resize operation.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Resize the window in the direction of the arrow key.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Complete the resize operation, leaving the window at the current size.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Cancel the resize operation, restoring the window to its original size.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-16">
<title>Navigating Paned Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for paned windows</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A paned window is a window that is split into
two or more panes. <application>Help Browser</application> is an example of an application that uses paned windows. 
</para>
<para>
The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate paned/split windows:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F6</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next pane. The system gives focus to the control that last had focus in the pane. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F8</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the first resize handle in the window. The resize handle is displayed between the panes and enables you to resize the panes. Press <keycap>F8</keycap> again to give focus to the next resize handle.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
When the resize handle has focus, you can use the keyboard shortcuts that are listed in the following table to modify the paned window:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the resize handle by a small amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the resize handle by a large amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Contract the pane to the minimum size allowed. 
</para>
<para>
For vertical panes, reduces the size of the pane to the left of the resize handle to the minimum size allowed.  
</para>
<para>
For horizontal panes, reduces the size of the pane above the resize handle to the minimum size allowed.  
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Expand the pane to the maximum size allowed. 
</para>
<para>
For vertical panes, increases the size of the pane to the left of the resize handle to the maximum size allowed.  
</para>
<para>
For horizontal panes, increases the size of the pane above the resize handle to the maximum size allowed.  
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Set the position of the resize handle and return focus to the last control that had focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Reset the position of the resize handle to the original position and return focus to the last control that had focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-17">
<title>Navigating Applications</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for applications</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
An application is any program, utility, or other software package that you run on your desktop. Applications contain standard user interface components:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Windows</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A window is a rectangular frame on your screen that displays an application. See 
<xref linkend="keynav-11"/> for information about how to navigate windows.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Dialogs</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A dialog is a popup window which displays 
information or accepts input from the user. See <xref linkend="keynav-19"/> for information about how to navigate dialogs.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Controls</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A control is any user-interactive screen element. Examples of controls include buttons, check boxes, menus, and text boxes. See <xref linkend="keynav-23"/> for detailed information about how to navigate the different types of controls that are available.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
This section of the manual describes the essential keyboard shortcuts that you can use in applications and dialogs. 
</para>

<section id="keynav-18">
<title>Essential Keyboard Shortcuts for Navigating Applications</title>
<anchor id="keynav-22"/>
<para>
Since there are so many applications that you can use in the GNOME Desktop, this manual does not describe all the custom keyboard shortcuts that you can use with each individual application. However, the basic keyboard shortcuts are common to many applications.
</para>
<para>
Access keys are another way to quickly navigate applications with the keyboard. An access key is identified by an underlined letter on a menu or control. In some cases, you must press <keycap>Alt</keycap> in combination with the access key to perform an action.
</para>
<para>
The following table lists the essential keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate applications:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F10</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Open the first menu on the application menubar.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Alt</keycap> + access
key</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the menu that is associated with the access key. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>access keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the menu item that is associated with the access key.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>left arrow</keycap>
and <keycap>right arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Switch focus between the menus on the menubar.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>up arrow</keycap>
and <keycap>down arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move focus into a menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Close the open menu and give focus to the control that had focus before the menubar.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>O
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Open the file selector dialog.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Open the Save dialog.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Open a Location dialog, enabling you to type
the name of a file that you want to open or save.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>P</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Open a Print dialog, if available.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>C</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Copy highlighted text to the global, application-spanning clipboard.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>X</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Cut highlighted text to the global, application-spanning clipboard.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>V</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Paste text from the global, application-spanning clipboard to the current cursor position.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-19">
<title>Essential Keyboard Shortcuts for Navigating Dialogs</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for dialogs</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table lists the essential keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate dialogs:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>access key</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Activate or select a control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move to the next page/tabbed section of the dialog.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move to the previous page/tabbed section of the dialog.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Cancel/dismiss the dialog. Some application-specific dialogs may retain dialog settings, but this practice is discouraged. These dialogs usually have a single <guilabel>Close</guilabel> button, with no <guilabel>Ok/Accept</guilabel> buttons.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Perform the default action for the dialog. The default action will usually apply any changes and close the dialog. A default button will have a bold outline and a selected button will have a slightly bolder outline than the default button.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-20">
<title>Navigating the File Manager</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for file manager</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
By default, the file manager operates in 
<guilabel>Spatial</guilabel> mode. This mode uses separate windows for each folder. Conversely, <guilabel>Browser</guilabel> mode will reuse the same window for each folder.
</para>
<note>
<para>
For more information about different modes for the file manager, see <ulink 
url="ghelp:user-guide?nautilus-presentation">
the user guide</ulink>.
</para>
</note>

<section id="keynav-spatial">
<title>Navigating Folders</title>
<para>
The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that enable you to navigate folders in the file manager:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Select the next or previous file or folder in the direction of the arrow key.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next or previous file or folder but do not select the item. This allows multiple, non-contiguous blocks of files to be selected.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the focused file or folder.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
<keycap>spacebar</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the item that currently has focus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
A sequence of characters that matches the first <replaceable>n</replaceable> characters of a filename.
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the first file or folder that starts with the specified sequence of characters.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the first file or folder within the current folder.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the last file or folder within the current folder.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>backspace</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the current folder's parent folder.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Shift-F10</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open a file or folder popup menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>

<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Ctrl-F10</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the enclosing folder's popup menu (equivalent to right-clicking on the view pane background).
</para>
</entry>
</row>

</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-navigational">
<title>Navigating Browser Window Components</title>
<anchor id="keynav-21"/>
<para>
When operating in <guilabel>Browser</guilabel> mode, the file manager window 
contains several components, with keyboard shortcuts defined to navigate each component: 
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F6</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Switch focus between the side pane and the view pane.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Open the side pane popup menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-52">
<title>Caret Navigation Mode</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>caret navigation mode</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table describes how to use caret navigation mode (eg, in supporting applications like <application>Yelp</application>, <application>Evolution</application>, <application>Epiphany</application>, or <application>Firefox</application>). Caret navigation is a mode of operation in an application which enables you to use the keyboard to navigate and select text.
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>F7</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Switch to caret navigation mode [Yelp-only]. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>left arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move one character to the left.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>right arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move one character to the right.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>up arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move up one line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>down arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move down one line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + left arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move to the beginning of the previous word.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + right arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move to the end of the next word.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Scroll up one page of content.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Scroll down one page of content.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move to the beginning of the current line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move to the end of the current line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move from the current position to the destination position, selecting all text between the two positions.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move focus to the next focusable control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Move focus to the previous focusable control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Enter</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Activate a button, link or other control.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-23">
<title>Navigating Standard Elements and Controls</title>
<para>
The following sections describe how to navigate and use standard user interface elements and controls from the keyboard.
</para>

<section id="keynav-24">
<title>Navigating Menus</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for menus</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate menus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>up arrow</keycap> and <keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next or previous menu item on a menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
If the menu item that has focus is a submenu, open the submenu and give focus to the first menu item on the submenu.
</para>
<para>
If the menu item that has focus is not a submenu, open the next menu on the menubar.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
If the menu item that has focus is a submenu item, switch the focus back to the submenu.
</para>
<para>
If the menu item that has focus is not a submenu item, open the previous menu on the menubar.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the focused menu item and close the open menus.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>access key</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the menu item that is associated with the access key and close the menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the focused menu item and close the menu except when the menu item is a check box or radio button.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Close the menu.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-25">
<title>Navigating Buttons</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for buttons</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A button is a control that you use to start an action. Most buttons are rectangular and contain a text label. 
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-39">
<title>Sample Button</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/button.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Close button.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate buttons:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Activate the button that has focus. This is the equivalent of clicking on the button.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Activate the button that has focus or, if no button has focus, perform the default action for the dialog.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-26">

<title>Navigating Radio Buttons</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for radio buttons</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A radio button is a control that you use to select one of several mutually-exclusive options. 
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-40">
<title>Sample Radio Button</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/radio_button.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Two sample radio buttons.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate a set of radio buttons:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Select the next or previous radio button and deselect the other radio buttons in the group.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-27">
<title>Navigating Check Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for check boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A check box is a control that you use to select or deselect an option.
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-41">
<title>Sample Check Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/check_box.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample check box.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate a check box:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Select or deselect the check box.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-28">
<title>Navigating Text Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for text boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
Text boxes are controls in which you type text.
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-42">
<title>Sample Single Line Text Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/text_box.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample text box with one input line.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate a single line text box:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor one character to the left.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor one character to the right.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl
</keycap><keycap>left arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the start of the current word. Press and hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>left arrow</keycap> to position the cursor at the start of the previous word.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the end of the current word. Press and hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>right arrow</keycap> to position the cursor at the end of the next word.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the start of the line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the end of the line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap></keycombo> or 
<keycap>right arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select one character at a time to the left or right of the cursor.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>left arrow
</keycap></keycombo> or <keycap>right arrow
</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select one word at a time to the left or right of the cursor.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all text to the left of the cursor.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all text to the right of the cursor.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>A</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all text in the text box.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
In addition to the keyboard shortcuts listed in the previous table, use the keyboard shortcuts in the following table to navigate multi-line text boxes:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the top of the current view. Press <keycap>Page Up</keycap> again to position the cursor at the top of the previous view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the end of the current view. Press <keycap>Page Down</keycap> 
again to position the cursor at the end of the previous view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the start of the current paragraph. Press and hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press the <keycap>up arrow</keycap> key to position the cursor at the start of the previous 
paragraph.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the end of the current paragraph. Press and hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press the <keycap>down arrow</keycap> key to position the cursor at the end of the next 
paragraph.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor one view width to the left.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor one view width to the right.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the start of the text box.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Position the cursor at the end of the text box.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next control on the dialog.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the start of the current view. Press and hold <keycap>Shift</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>Page Up</keycap> to extend the selection to the start of the previous view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the end of the current view. Press and hold <keycap>Shift</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>Page Down</keycap> to extend the selection to the end of the next view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the start of the line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the end of the line.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the start of the paragraph, then to the start of the previous paragraph.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the end of the paragraph, then to the end of the next paragraph.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap>
</keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the start of the text box.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap>
</keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the text to the end of the text box.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-29">
<title>Navigating Spin Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for spin boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A spin box is a control that allows you to type a numeric value or select a value from a list of all possible values. 
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-43">
<title>Sample Spin Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/spin_box.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample spin box. Contains a text box and up and down arrows.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The keyboard shortcuts that you use to navigate the text box area of a spin box are listed in <xref linkend="keynav-28"/>. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate the up and down arrows in the spin box:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap> or <keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Increase or decrease the value of the spin box by a small amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Page Up</keycap>
or <keycap>Page Down</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Increase or decrease the value of the spin box by a large amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-30">
<title>Navigating Drop-Down Lists</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for drop-down lists</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A drop-down list is a control that you use to
select one of several available items. The drop-down list contains a button that you use to display the available items. 
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-44">
<title>Sample Drop-Down List</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/dropdown_list_box.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample drop-down list.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate a drop-down list:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
This key performs one of the following functions:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
If the drop-down list is not open, this key opens the drop-down list.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If the drop-down list is open, this key accepts the current selection and closes the list. 
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the previous list item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the next list item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Close the list without changing the selection.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-31">
<title>Navigating Drop-Down Combination Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for drop-down combination
boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A drop-down combination box is a text box
with a drop-down list attached.
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-45">
<title>Sample Drop-Down Combination Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata 
fileref="figures/dropdown_combination_box.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Sample drop-down combination box. Contains a text box and an arrow button that you click to display the drop-down list.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
When the text box has focus, use the keyboard shortcuts that are listed in <xref linkend="keynav-28"/> to navigate the text box area. When the text box has focus, 
you can also use the keyboard shortcuts in the following table to navigate the drop-down list area:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Select the previous item from the drop-down list without displaying the list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the next item from the drop-down list without displaying the list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Open the drop-down list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
When the drop-down list has focus, you can use the keyboard shortcuts that are listed in the following table to navigate the drop-down list:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Select the previous list item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the next list item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the first item in the list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the last item in the list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the item at the top of the current list view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the item at the bottom of the current list view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Accept the current selection and close the drop-down list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Scroll to the left of the list, if required.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Scroll to the right of the list, if required.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-32">
<title>Navigating Sliders</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for sliders</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
A slider is a control that you use to set a value in a continuous range of values.
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-46">
<title>Sample Slider</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/slider.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Sample slider. Displays a slider control that you can move left or right.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate a slider:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>left arrow</keycap> or <keycap>up arrow
</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Move the slider left or up by a small amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>right arrow</keycap>
or <keycap>down arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the slider right or down by a small amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the slider left or up by a large amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the slider right or down by a large amount.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the slider to the maximum value.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Move the slider to the minimum value.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-33">
<title>Navigating Tabbed Sections</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for tabbed sections</secondary>
</indexterm>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-47">
<title>Sample Dialog with Tabbed Sections</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/tabbed_section.png" 
format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Editing profile dialog from the GNOME <application>Terminal</application> application; contains six tabbed sections.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
Windows and dialogs are sometimes divided into logical sections that are displayed one section at a time on the window or dialog. The overall control is referred to as a notebook or tabbed panel. The divisions are called panels, pages, or tabs, and are sometimes collectively referred to as a tabstrip or notebook header. Each individual tab is identified by a text label.
</para>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate the tabbed sections of a window or dialog when a tabstrip has focus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the previous tabbed section.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next tabbed section.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Tab</keycap> or<keycombo>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>down arrow
</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the first control in the active section.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate a 
window or dialog when a control within a section has focus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Page Up
</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the previous section. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt
</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next section.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next control outside the sections.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-34">
<title>Navigating Lists</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for lists</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate multi-column lists when a column header has focus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap> or <keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the previous or next column header.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Activate the header. This action usually sorts the list by the column header.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the list contents.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate lists when the list area has focus:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Select the next or previous row or column.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the top row of the list contents that are currently in view. Press <keycap>Page Up</keycap> again to select the top row of the previous view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the bottom row of the list contents that are currently in view. Press <keycap>Page Down</keycap> again to select the bottom row of the next view.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the first row in the list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the last row in the list.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
For lists that support multi-line selections, add the next or previous row or column to the current selection.
</para>
<para>
For lists that only allow single line selections, select the next or previous row or column.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all the rows between the current selection and the top row of the view. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all the rows between the current selection and the bottom row of the view. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all the rows between the current selection and the first row in the list. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all the rows between the current selection and the last row in the list. 
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + arrow keys
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the next row or column without extending the selection. Further items can be selected by pressing <keycap>spacebar</keycap>.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the top row in the view without extending the selection.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the bottom row in the view without extending the selection.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the first row in the list without extending the selection.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the last row in the list without extending the selection.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Activate the item(s).
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>A</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select all rows (for lists that support multi-line selections).
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Give focus to the column header, if applicable.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>

<section id="keynav-35">
<title>Navigating Trees</title>
<para>
A tree is a user interface control that contains sections that you can expand and collapse. A tree usually represents a hierarchical structure.
</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-48">
<title>Sample Tree Structure</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/tree.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Categories tree from the <application>gedit</application> preferences dialog; contains three subcategories.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>
To navigate trees, you can use the same keyboard shortcuts that are listed in 
<xref linkend="keynav-34"/>. In addition, the following table lists the keyboard shortcuts you can use for the tree items:
</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>+</keycap> (plus)</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
Expand the focused item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>-</keycap> (minus)</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Collapse the focused item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>backspace</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>
Select the parent item.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>
Display a search dialog, allowing you to type the name of the tree item that you want to find. Not all trees support searching.
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>

<section id="keynav-36">
<title>Customizing Your Keyboard Shortcuts</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>customizing</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
Use the <application>Keyboard Shortcuts</application> preference tool to display the default keyboard shortcuts that you use to navigate the GNOME Desktop. You can customize the default keyboard shortcuts to meet your requirements. You can also create hot keys (keyboard shortcuts which start applications).
</para>
<para>
To start the <application>Keyboard Shortcuts
</application> preference tool, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences
</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts
</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>
Desktop shortcuts</guilabel> table lists the keyboard shortcuts that are associated with each action.
</para>

<!--commenting out old irrelevant Solaris-only method...
<section id="keynav-49">
<title>Customizing Keyboard Shortcuts on Solaris Systems</title>
<para>
To customize a keyboard shortcut on a Solaris system, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the action for which you want to customize the keyboard shortcut. The row is highlighted.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the keyboard shortcut in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel> column. The text <quote>Type a new accelerator, or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column. 
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Press the keys that you want to associate with the action. The new keyboard shortcut is displayed in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel> column.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
To disable a keyboard shortcut, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the action for which you want to disable the keyboard shortcut. The row is highlighted.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the keyboard shortcut in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel> column. The text <quote>Type a new accelerator, or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column. 
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Press the <keycap>backspace</keycap>. The keyboard shortcut is disabled.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
-->

<section id="keynav-50">
<title>Assigning and Clearing Keyboard Shortcuts
</title>
<para>
To assign a keyboard shortcut, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the action for which you want to customize the keyboard shortcut. The row is highlighted and the text <quote>Type a new accelerator, or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Press the keys that you want to associate with the action. The new keyboard shortcut is displayed in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel> column.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
To disable a keyboard shortcut, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the action for which you want to disable the keyboard shortcut. The row is highlighted and the text <quote>Type a new accelerator, or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Press the <keycap>backspace</keycap>. The keyboard shortcut is disabled.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>