This chapter describes how to use the Nautilus file manager. file managerintroduction The Nautilus file manager provides an integrated access point to your files and applications. Nautilus enables you to do the following: Display your files and folders. Manage your files and folders. Run scripts. Customize your files and folders. Nautilus also manages the desktop background. The desktop background lies behind all of the other components on your visible desktop. The desktop background is an active component of the user interface. Nautilus windows enable you to display and manage your files and folders. You can open a Nautilus window in any of the following ways: Double-click on the Home object on the desktop background. Choose Applications Home Folder. Right-click on the desktop background to open the Desktop Background menu. Choose New Window. The Nautilus window displays the contents of your home location in the view pane. file managerwindows Nautilus windows enable you to display and manage your files and folders. shows a Nautilus window that displays the contents of a folder. file managericon view illustration

Shows a folder in a Nautilus window. Callouts: Menubar, toolbar, location bar, zoom buttons, side pane, view pane, tabs.

describes the components of Nautilus windows. Component Description Menubar Contains menus that you use to perform tasks in Nautilus. Toolbar Contains buttons that you use to perform tasks in Nautilus. Location bar Contains the following elements: Location field or Go To field: Enables you to specify a file, folder, or URL that you want to display. Zoom buttons: Enable you to change the size of items in the view pane. View as drop-down list box: Enables you to choose how to display items in your view pane. Side pane Performs the following functions: Enables you to navigate through your files. Displays information about the current file or folder. TabsClick on a tab to open a tabbed pane. The side pane contains the following tabbed panes: History Notes Tree View pane Displays the contents of the following: Particular types of files Folders FTP sites Resize handle Grab this handle, then drag to resize the side pane and the view pane.Statusbar Displays status information. You can also open a popup menu from Nautilus windows. To open this popup menu right-click in a Nautilus window. The items in this menu depend on where you right-click. For example, when you right-click on a file or folder, you can choose items related to the file or folder. When you right-click on the background of a view pane, you can choose items related to the display of items in the view pane. file managerview pane view paneview pane introductionThe view pane can display the contents of the following: Particular types of files Folders FTP sites viewer components Nautilus contains viewer components that enable you to display particular types of file in the view pane. For example, you can use an image viewer to display Portable Network Graphics (PNG) files in the view pane. The following figure shows a PNG file displayed in the view pane. Shows Nautilus window with plain text document displayed in the view pane. Displaying a file in the view pane provides the following benefits: Uses less system resources than when you launch an application. Takes less time than when you launch an application. However, you cannot edit a file in the view pane. Nautilus also includes views that enable you to display the contents of your folders in different ways. For example, you can display the contents of a folder in the following types of view: Icon view: Displays the items in the folder as icons. List view: Displays the items in the folder as a list. Use the View menu to choose how to display a folder. For more information on views, see . file managerside pane introductionside pane file managerThe side pane can contain the following elements: An icon that represents the current file or current folder. The side pane also contains information about the current file or current folder. Tabbed panes that enable you to navigate through your files. If a file is displayed in the view pane, buttons appear in the side pane. The buttons enable you to perform actions on a file, other than the default action. tabbed panesfile manager file managertabbed panes introductionThe side pane can contain the following tabbed panes: History Contains a history list of files, folders, and FTP sites that you have recently visited. Notes Enables you to add notes to your folders. Tree Displays a hierarchical representation of your file system. You can use the Tree tabbed pane to navigate through your files. describes how to work with tabbed panes. Task ActionOpen a tabbed pane. Click on the tab. Close a tabbed pane. Click on the tab.Remove a tab from the side pane.Right-click in the side pane, then choose the tab that you want to remove from the menu. Add a tab to the side pane. Right-click in the side pane, then choose the tab that you want to add from the menu. file managericons introductionfile manager emblemsintroduction emblemsfile manager In icon view, Nautilus displays your files and folders as icons. You can add emblems to your file icons and folder icons. An emblem is a small icon that you can add to an item to visually mark the item. For example, to mark a file as important, you can add an Important emblem to the file icon to create the following visual effect: Shows file icon with Important emblem. For more information on how to add an emblem to an icon, see . The following table describes the structure of the file icon: Component Description Shows Important emblem. Emblem. This emblem is the Important emblem. Shows file icon. Icon that represents the file. This icon contains a preview of the contents of the file. Shows icon caption. Icon caption. You can modify what items of information are displayed in the icon caption. Nautilus includes default emblems for the following types of item: Symbolic links Items for which you have the following permissions: Read permission only No read permission and no write permission The default emblems change depending on your theme. The following table shows the default emblems for the Default theme. Default EmblemDescription Shows symbolic link emblem. Symbolic link Shows read permission only emblem. Read permission only Shows no read permission and no write permission emblem. No read permission and no write permission file managernavigating Each Nautilus window displays the contents of a single file, folder, or FTP site. This section describes the following: How to display items in Nautilus windows. How to open files from Nautilus windows. How to navigate the files and folders in your file system. How to navigate to FTP sites. Shows Nautilus home location icon. file managerHome location Home locationHome location displayingTo display your home location, perform one of the following actions: Double-click on the Home object on the desktop background. On a Nautilus window, choose GoHome. On a Nautilus window, click on the Home toolbar button. The Nautilus window displays the contents of your home location. To reload the display, click on the Reload button. file managerdisplaying folders You can display the contents of a folder in any of the following ways: Double-click on the folder in the view pane. In the Location field, type the path of the folder that you want to display, then press Return. The Location field includes an autocomplete feature. As you type a path, Nautilus reads your file system. When you type enough characters to uniquely identify a directory, Nautilus completes the name of the directory in the Location field. Use the Tree tabbed pane. For more information, see . Use the Back toolbar button and the Forward toolbar button to browse through your navigation history. To change to the folder that is one level above the current folder, choose GoUp . Alternatively, click on the Up toolbar button. To reload the display, click on the Reload button. If you cannot find the folder that you want to display, you can use Search Tool. To start Search Tool, choose ActionsSearch for Files. file managertabbed panes TreeTree tabbed pane, usingThe Tree tabbed pane displays a hierarchical representation of your file system. The Tree tabbed pane provides a convenient way to navigate your file system. By default, the Tree tabbed pane is not displayed in your side pane. To add the Tree tabbed pane to the side pane, right-click in the side pane, then choose Tree from the popup menu. In the Tree tabbed pane, folders are represented as follows: Folder State Graphic Representation Closed folder Right arrow Open folder Down arrow describes the tasks that you can perform with the Tree tabbed pane, and how to perform the tasks. Task ActionOpen the Tree tabbed pane. Click on the Tree tab.Close the Tree tabbed pane.Click on the Tree tab.Open a folder in the Tree tabbed pane. Click on the arrow next to the folder in the Tree tabbed pane. Close a folder in the Tree tabbed pane. Click on the arrow next to the folder in the Tree tabbed pane.Display the contents of a folder in the view pane. Select the folder in the Tree tabbed pane. Display the contents of a file in the view pane.Select the file in the Tree tabbed pane. You can set your preferences so that the Tree tabbed pane does not display files. For more information, see . file manageropening files When you open a file, Nautilus performs the default action for that file type. The default action can be one of the following: Use a viewer component to display the file in the view pane. Launch an application that opens the file. Nautilus checks the contents of a file to determine the type of a file. If the first lines do not determine the type of the file, then Nautilus checks the file extension. If you cannot find the file that you want to open, you can use Search Tool. To start Search Tool, choose ActionsSearch for Files. file managerviewing files in view paneview pane viewing files inviewer components Nautilus contains viewer components that enable you to display particular types of file in the view pane. For example, you can display the following types of files in the view pane: Plain text files Portable Network Graphics (PNG) files Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files To reload the contents of the view pane, choose ViewReload. To stop loading an item in the view pane, choose View Stop. When you display a file in the view pane, the viewer component might add menu items to the Nautilus menus. The menu items relate to the file type that is displayed. For example, when you display a PNG file, the View menu contains Interpolation , Dither, and other submenus. Also, when you display some types of file in the view pane, you can use the Nautilus zoom buttons to change the size of the item. file managerexecuting default actions for filesTo execute the default action for a file, double-click on the file. For example, if the default action for plain text documents is to display the file in a text viewer. In this case, you can double-click on the file to display the file in a text viewer. You can set your Nautilus preferences so that you click once on a file to execute the default action. For more information, see . file managerexecuting non-default actions for filesTo execute actions other than the default action for a file, perform the following steps: In the view pane, select the file that you want to perform an action on. Choose File Open With. The Open With submenu opens. The items in this submenu correspond to the contents of the following parts of the File Types and Programs preference tool: Default action drop-down list box in the Edit file type dialog Viewer Component drop-down list box in the Edit file type dialog Choose an action from the Open With submenu. file managerexecuting other actions for filesWhen you display a file in the view pane, the side pane might contain buttons. shows the side pane when a text file is displayed in the view pane.

Shows side pane. Contains: file icon, file information, file emblem, Open with gedit, Open with buttons, tabs.

The buttons represent any actions that are defined in the File Types and Programs preference tool. The actions are defined in the Default action drop-down list box in the Edit file type dialog in the File Types and Programs preference tool. Click on a button to execute an action. For example, if an action defined for plain text documents is to open the file in gedit. If this action is defined, an Open with gedit button is displayed in the side pane. To open the file in the gedit application, click on the Open with gedit button. A button that represents the action does not appear in the side pane if the actions are excluded in either of the following dialogs: Open with Other Application Open with Other Viewer Shows Nautilus Start Here icon. file managerStart Here location Start Here locationStart Here location usingThe Start Here location enables you to access the following functions: Applications Double-click on Applications to access your key GNOME applications. You can also access the Applications menu through the GNOME Menu and the Menu Panel. Desktop Preferences Double-click on Desktop Preferences to customize your desktop. You can also access the desktop preferences through the Applications menu. Programs that enable you to configure your system as a server, and to choose other system settings. You can access the Start Here location in the following ways: From a Nautilus window Choose GoStart Here . The contents of the Start Here location are displayed in the window. From the desktop background Double-click on the Start Here object on the desktop background. The contents of the Start Here location are displayed in a Nautilus window. FTP sitesaccessing file managerFTP sites FTP sitesYou can use Nautilus to access FTP sites. To access an FTP site, enter the URL for the site in the field on the location bar, then press Return. The contents of the site are displayed in the view pane. To copy a file from the FTP site, drag the file to the new location. To access an FTP site that requires a username and password, you can enter the URL in the following form: ftp://username:password @hostname.domain To reload the FTP site in the view pane, choose ViewReload. To stop loading the FTP site, choose View Stop. file managernavigating history list Nautilus maintains a history list of files, folders, and FTP sites. You can use the history list to navigate to files, folders, and FTP sites that you have recently visited. The following sections describe how to navigate your history list. To clear your history list choose Go Clear History. To display a list of previously-viewed items, choose the Go menu. Your history list is displayed in the lower part of the Go menu. To open an item in your history list, choose the item from the Go menu. To use the toolbar to navigate your history list, perform one of the following actions: To open the previous file, folder, or URL in your history list, click on the Back toolbar button. To open the next file, folder, or URL in your history list, click on the Forward toolbar button. To display a list of previously-viewed items, click on the down arrow to the right of the Back toolbar button. To open an item from this list, click on the item. To display a list of items that you viewed after you viewed the current item, click on the down arrow to the right of the Forward toolbar button. To open an item from this list, click on the item. file managertabbed panes HistoryTo display the History tabbed pane, click on the History tab in the side pane. The History tabbed pane displays a list of your previously-viewed items. To display an item from your history list in the view pane, click on the item in the History tabbed pane. file managerbookmarks To access an item in your bookmarks, choose the item from the Bookmarks menu. You can add your favorite locations to your Bookmarks menu. You can add bookmarks to files and folders in your file system, or to FTP sites. To add a bookmark, display the item that you want to bookmark in the view pane. Choose Bookmarks Add Bookmark. To edit your bookmarks perform the following steps: Choose Bookmarks Edit Bookmarks. An Edit Bookmarks dialog is displayed. To edit a bookmark, select the bookmark on the left side of the Edit Bookmarks dialog. Edit the details for the bookmark on the right side of the Edit Bookmarks dialog, as follows: Dialog ElementDescription NameUse this text box to specify the name that identifies the bookmark in the Bookmarks menu. Location Use this field to specify the location of the bookmark. To delete a bookmark, select the bookmark on the left side of the dialog. Click Delete. file managermanaging files and folders This section describes how to work with your files and folders. file managerdrag-and-drop You can use drag-and-drop to perform several tasks in Nautilus. When you drag-and-drop, the mouse pointer provides feedback about the task that you perform. describes the tasks that you can perform with drag-and-drop. The table also shows the mouse pointers that appear when you drag-and-drop. TaskAction Mouse PointerMove an item Drag the item to the new location. Shows move pointer. Copy an item Grab the item, then press-and-hold Ctrl. Drag the item to the new location. Shows copy pointer. Link to an item Grab the item, then press-and-hold CtrlShift. Drag the item to the location where you want the link to reside. Shows link pointer. Ask what to do with the item you drag Grab the item, then press-and-hold Alt. Drag the item to the location where you want the item to reside. Release the mouse button. A popup menu appears. Choose one of the following items from the popup menu: Move here Moves the item to the location. Copy here Copies the item to the location. Link here Creates a symbolic link to the item at the location. Set as Background If the item is an image, sets the image to be the background wallpaper. You can use this command to set the desktop background and the view pane background. Cancel Cancels the drag-and-drop operation. Shows ask pointer. file managerselecting files and folders You can select files and folders in several ways in Nautilus. describes how to select items in Nautilus windows and on the Nautilus desktop background. TaskActionSelect an item Click on the item. Select a group of contiguous itemsIn icon view, drag around the files that you want to select.In list view, press-and-hold Shift. Click on the first item in the group, then click on the last item in the group.Select multiple items Press-and-hold Ctrl. Click on the items that you want to select.Alternatively, press-and-hold Ctrl, then drag around the files that you want to select. Select all items in a folder Choose EditSelect All Files . To perform the default action on an item, double-click on the item. You can set your Nautilus preferences so that you work with Nautilus as follows: Click once on a file to execute the default action. Point to an item to select the item. For more information, see . file managermoving files and folders The following sections describe the ways you can move a file or folder. To drag a file or folder to a new location in a view pane, perform the following steps: Open a Nautilus window. Choose FileNew Window to open a second Nautilus window. In one window, select the folder from which you want to move the file or folder. In the other window, select the folder to which you want to move the file or folder. Drag the file or folder that you want to move to the new location in the other window. To move the file or folder to a folder that is one level below the current location, do not open a new window. Instead, drag the file or folder to the new location in the same window. You can cut a file or folder and paste the file or folder into another folder, as follows: Select the file or folder that you want to move, then choose EditCut File. Open the folder to which you want to move the file or folder, then choose EditPaste Files. You can drag a file or folder from the view pane to a location on the Tree tabbed pane. Alternatively, you can drag a file or folder within the Tree tabbed pane to another location in the Tree tabbed pane. file managercopying files and folders The following sections describe the ways you can copy a file or folder. To copy a file or folder perform the following steps: Open a Nautilus window. Choose FileNew Window to open a second Nautilus window. In one window, select the folder from which you want to copy the file or folder. In the other window, select the folder to which you want to copy the file or folder. Grab the file or folder, then press-and-hold Ctrl . Drag the file or folder to the new location in the other window. To copy the file or folder to a folder that is one level below the current location, do not open a new window. Instead, grab the file or folder, then press-and-hold Ctrl. Drag the file or folder to the new location in the same window. You can copy a file or folder and paste the file or folder into another folder, as follows: Select the file or folder that you want to copy, then choose EditCopy File. Open the folder to which you want to copy the file or folder, then choose EditPaste Files. file managerduplicating files and foldersTo create a copy of a file or folder in the current folder perform the following steps: Select the file or folder that you want to duplicate in the view pane. Choose Edit Duplicate. Alternatively, right-click on the file or folder in the view pane, then choose Duplicate. A copy of the file or folder appears in the current folder. file managercreating folders To create a folder perform the following steps: Select the folder where you want to create the new folder. Choose File New Folder. Alternatively, right-click on the background of the view pane, then choose New Folder. An untitled folder is added to the view pane. The name of the folder is selected. Type a name for the folder, then press Return. file managerrenaming folders To rename a file or folder perform the following steps: Select the file or folder that you want to rename in the view pane. Choose Edit Rename. Alternatively, right-click on the file or folder in the view pane, then choose Rename. The name of the file or folder is selected. Type a new name for the file or folder, then press Return. file managerTrash TrashTrashmoving files or folders toTo move a file or folder to Trash perform the following steps: Select the file or folder that you want to move to Trash in the view pane. Choose Edit Move to Trash. Alternatively, right-click on the file or folder in the view pane, then choose Move to Trash. Alternatively, you can drag the file or folder from the view pane to the Trash object on the desktop background. file managerdeleting files or folders When you delete a file or folder, the file or folder is not moved to Trash, but is deleted from your file system immediately. The Delete menu item is only available if you select the Include a Delete command that bypasses Trash option in the Preferences dialog. To delete a file or folder perform the following steps: Select the file or folder that you want to delete in the view pane. Choose Edit Delete. Alternatively, right-click on the file or folder in the view pane, then choose Delete. file managercreating symbolic link A symbolic link is a special type of file that points to another file or folder. When you perform an action on a symbolic link, the action is performed on the file or folder to which the symbolic link points. However, when you delete a symbolic link, you delete the link file, not the file to which the symbolic link points. To create a symbolic link to a file or folder, select the file or folder to which you want to create a link. Choose Edit Make Link. A link to the file or folder is added to the current folder. Alternatively, grab the item to which you want to create a link, then press-and-hold CtrlShift. Drag the item to the location where you want to place the link. By default, Nautilus adds an emblem to symbolic links. file managerchanging permissions To change the permissions on a file or folder perform the following steps: Select the file or folder that you want to change. Choose File Properties. A properties dialog is displayed. Click on the Permissions tab. In the Permissions tabbed section, use the drop-down list boxes and check boxes to change the permissions for the file or folder. Click Close to close the properties dialog. Shows Nautilus Trash icon. Trashintroduction You can move the following items to Trash: Files Folders Desktop background objects When you move an item to Trash, the item is stored in your /.Trash directory. If you need to retrieve a file from Trash, you can display Trash and move the file out of Trash. When you empty Trash, you delete the contents of Trash permanently. Trashdisplaying You can display the contents of Trash in the following ways: From a Nautilus window Choose GoTrash . The contents of Trash are displayed in the window. From the desktop background Double-click on the Trash object on the desktop background. Trashemptying You can empty the contents of Trash in the following ways: From a Nautilus window Choose FileEmpty Trash. From the desktop background Right-click on the Trash object, then choose Empty Trash. file manager tabbed panesNotes notes, adding to foldersYou can use the Notes tab to add a note to a folder. To add a note to a folder perform the following steps: Display the folder in the view pane. Click on the Notes tab to open the Notes tabbed pane. The Notes tabbed pane opens. Type the note in the Notes tabbed pane. file managerrunning scripts scripts, running from file manager Nautilus includes a special folder where you can store your scripts. When you add an executable file to this folder, the file is added to the Scripts submenu. To run a script choose File Scripts, then choose the script that you want to run from the submenu. To run a script on a particular file, select the file in the view pane. Choose FileScripts , then choose the script that you want to run on the file from the submenu. You can also select multiple files to run your scripts on. To view the contents of your scripts folder, choose FileScripts Open Scripts Folder. file managermodifying appearance of files and foldersNautilus enables you to modify the appearance of your files and folders in several ways, as described in the following sections. file manageremblems addingTo add an emblem to an item perform the following steps: Select the item to which you want to add an emblem. Right-click on the item, then choose Properties . A properties dialog is displayed. Click on the Emblems tab to display the Emblems tabbed section. Select the emblem to add to the item. Click Close to close the properties dialog. file managericons modifyingTo change the icon that represents an individual file or folder, perform the following steps: Select the file or folder that you want to change. Choose File Properties. A properties dialog is displayed. On the Basic tabbed section, click on the Select Custom Icon button. A Select an icon dialog is displayed. Use the Select an icon dialog to choose the icon to represent the file or folder. Click Close to close the properties dialog. To change the icon that represents a file type, use the File Types and Programs preference tool. To open the File Types and Programs preference tool, choose ApplicationsDesktop Preferences AdvancedFile Types and Programs. To restore an icon from a custom icon to the default icon specified in the File Types and Programs preference tool, right-click on the icon then choose Remove Custom Icon. Alternatively, click on the Remove Custom Icon button on the Properties dialog. file managerzooming in and out You can change the size of items in a view. You can change the size if the view displays a file or a folder. You can change the size of items in a view in the following ways: To enlarge the size of items in a view, choose ViewZoom In. To reduce the size of items in a view, choose ViewZoom Out. To return items in a view to the normal size, choose ViewNormal Size. You can also use the zoom buttons on the location bar to change the size of items in a view. describes how to use the zoom buttons. Button Button Name Description Shows Zoom Out button. Zoom Out button Click on this button to reduce the size of items in a view. Shows Normal Size button. Normal Size button Click on this button to return items in a view to normal size. Shows Zoom In button. Zoom In button Click on this button to enlarge the size of items in a view. Nautilus remembers the size of items in a particular folder. The next time that you display the folder, the items are displayed in the size that you selected. In other words, when you change the size of items in a folder, you customize the folder to display the items at that size. To return the size of the items to the default size specified in your preferences, choose View Reset View to Defaults. viewer components file managerviewsintroduction Nautilus provides several ways to display the contents of your files. Nautilus includes viewer components that enable you to display particular types of file in the view pane. For example, you can use a web page viewer to display HTML files in the view pane. You can use a text viewer to view plain text files in the view pane. You can also use Nautilus to open a file in an appropriate application. For more information, see . Nautilus includes views that enable you to display the contents of your folders in different ways. For example, you can display the contents of a folder in the following types of view: Icon view Displays the items in the folder as icons. shows a folder displayed in icon view. List view Displays the items in the folder as a list. shows a folder displayed in list view.file manager list viewillustration

Shows folder in Nautilus window, contents displayed in list view.

Use the View menu to choose how to display a file or folder. You can also use the View as drop-down list box to choose how to display a file or folder. When you display a folder, you can specify how you want to arrange or sort items in the folder. You can modify the size of the items in the view pane. The following sections describe how to work with icon view, list view, and views of files. file managerviews choosingChoose the type of view in which to display the contents of a file or folder from the View menu. Alternatively, to choose a view, choose View View as. Select the view that you want to use from the Open with Other Viewer dialog, then click on the Choose button. You can also choose the type of view from the View as drop-down list box. The View as drop-down list box is located at the right side of the location bar. You can display different folders in different views. Nautilus remembers the view that you choose for a particular folder. The next time that you display the folder, Nautilus displays the folder in that view. To return the view for the folder to the default view specified in your preferences, choose View Reset View to Defaults. file managericon view arranging files inWhen you display the contents of a folder in icon view, you can specify how to arrange the items in the folder. To specify how to arrange items in icon view, choose ViewArrange Items. The Arrange Items submenu contains the following sections: The top section contains an option that enables you to arrange your files manually. The middle section contains options that enable you to sort your files automatically. The bottom section contains options that enable you to modify how your files are arranged. Choose the appropriate options from the submenu, as described in the following table: Option Description Manually Select this option to arrange the items manually. To arrange the items manually, drag the items to the location you require within the view pane. By Name Select this option to sort the items alphabetically by name. The order of the items is not case sensitive. If Nautilus is set to display hidden files, the hidden files are shown last. By Size Select this option to sort the items by size, with the largest item first. When you sort items by size, the folders are sorted by the number of items in the folder. The folders are not sorted by the total size of the items in the folder. By Type Select this option to sort the items alphabetically by object type. The items are sorted alphabetically by the description of their Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) type in the File Types and Programs preference tool. By Modification Date Select this option to sort the items by the date the items were last modified. The most recently modified item is first. By Emblems Select this option to sort the items by any emblems that are added to the items. The items are sorted alphabetically by emblem name. Items that do not have emblems are last. Compact Layout Select this option to arrange the items so that the items are closer to each other. Reversed Order Select this option to reverse the order of the option by which you sort the items. For example, if you sort the items by name, select the Reversed Order option to sort the items in reverse alphabetical order. Nautilus remembers how you arrange the items in a particular folder. The next time that you display the folder, the items are arranged in the way that you selected. In other words, when you specify how to arrange the items in a folder, you customize the folder to display the items in that way. To return the arrangement settings of the folder to the default arrangement settings specified in your preferences, choose ViewReset View to Defaults . file managericons stretchingIn icon view, you can change the size of the icon that represents an item that is displayed. To change the size of an item in icon view, perform the following steps: Right-click on the item that you want to resize, then choose Stretch Icon. A rectangle appears around the item, with a handle at each corner. Grab one of the handles, then drag the icon to the size that you want. To return the icon to the original size, right-click on the icon, then choose Restore Icon's Original Size. You can also stretch icons on the desktop background. file managerviews modifying behaviorYou can modify the behavior of a view in the following ways: Specify that the view is the default view for a particular file or folder. Specify that the view is the default view for a file type or all folders. Specify that the view is an item in the View as submenu for a particular file or folder. Specify that the view is an item in the View as submenu for all of a particular file type or for all folders. Specify that the view is not an item in the View as submenu for a particular file or folder. To modify the behavior of a view perform the following steps: Choose View View as. A Open with Other Viewer dialog is displayed. Select the view that you want to modify from the table in the dialog. Click on the Modify button. A Modify dialog is displayed. The following table describes the options on the Modify dialog: Option Description Include in the menu for item_name items Select this option to include the view in the View as submenu for this type of item. Use as default for item_name items Select this option to use the view as the default for this type of item. Include in the menu for item_name only Select this option to include the view in the View as submenu for this item only. Use as default for item_name only Select this option to use the view as the default for this item only. Don't include in the menu for item_name items Select this option to exclude the view from the View as submenu for this type of item. Click OK, then click Cancel to close the Open with Other Viewer dialog. You can also modify the actions that are associated with a file type in the File Types and Programs preference tool. To open the File Types and Programs preference tool, click on the Go There button. file managerassigning actions to filesWhen you open a file, Nautilus performs the default action for that file type. The File Types and Programs preference tool contains a table of file types, their associated file extensions, and their default actions. This table specifies what happens when you double-click on a file in Nautilus. You can also use Nautilus to modify the actions that are associated with a particular file or file type. You can use the File Types and Programs preference tool to perform the following tasks: Specify the default action for a file type. You can also change the default action for a file type in Nautilus. Associate a file type with one or more applications. The default action might specify to open the file in an application that is associated with the file type. Associate a file type with one or more viewers. The default action might specify to open the file in a viewer that is associated with the file type. Associate a file extension with a MIME type. The MIME type specifies the format of the file so that Internet browsers and email applications can read the file. file managermodifying actions You can modify the actions associated with a file or file type. You can do the following: Specify that the action is the default action for a particular file. Specify that the action is the default action for a particular file type. Specify that the action is an item in the Open With submenu for a particular file. Specify that the action is an item in the Open With submenu for a particular file type. Specify that the action is not an item in the Open With submenu for a particular file type. To modify the actions associated with a file or file type, perform the following steps: In the view pane, select the file for which you want to modify an action. If you want to modify an action associated with a file type, select a file of that type. Choose File Open With. Perform either of the following steps: Choose Other Application. An Open with Other Application dialog is displayed. Choose Other Viewer. A Open with Other Viewer dialog is displayed. From the table in the dialog, select the application or viewer for which you want to modify the behavior. Click on the Modify button. A Modify dialog is displayed. The following table describes the options on the Modify dialog: Option Description Include in the menu for filetype items Select this option to include the application or viewer in the Open With submenu for this file type. Use as default for filetype items Select this option to use the application or viewer as the default action for this file type. Include in the menu for filename only Select this option to include the application or viewer in the Open With submenu for this file, and not for other files of this type. Use as default for filename only Select this option to use the application or viewer as the default action for this file, and not for other files of this type. Don't include in the menu for filetype items Select this option to exclude the application or viewer from the Open With submenu for this file type. Click OK, then click Cancel to close the dialog. You can also modify the actions that are associated with a file type in the File Types and Programs preference tool. To open the File Types and Programs preference tool, click on the Go There button. file managercustomizing You can customize Nautilus to suit your requirements and preferences. This section describes how to customize Nautilus. file managerpreferences introductionpreferences, file managerfile manager preferences Use the Preferences dialog to set preferences for the Nautilus windows and desktop background. To display the Preferences dialog, choose Edit Preferences. You can set preferences in the following categories: The default settings for views. The appearance of the Nautilus windows and desktop background. The behavior and visible components of new Nautilus windows. The behavior of the desktop background and Trash . The behavior of items in icon views and list views. The information that is displayed in icon captions. Items that are displayed in the side pane. Performance options to improve the performance of Nautilus. file managerpreferences viewsYou can specify a default view, and default settings for icon views and list views. To specify your default view settings for Nautilus windows, choose EditPreferences. Choose Views from the Preferences dialog. lists the view settings that you can modify. The Preferences dialog contains an Icon View Defaults group box and a List View Defaults group box. The group boxes contain mostly the same dialog elements. Each dialog element is described once in . Dialog ElementDescriptionView new folders using Select the default view for folders. When you open a folder, the folder is displayed in the view that you select. Arrange Items Select the characteristic by which you want to sort the items in folders that are displayed in this view.Default zoom level Select the default zoom level for folders that are displayed in this view. The zoom level specifies the size of items in a view.Sort in reverse Select this option if you want to reverse the order by which items are sorted in this view. If you select this option, the order of the characteristic you select in Arrange Items is reversed. For example, if you select By Name from the Arrange Items drop-down list box. You can select the Sort in reversed order option to sort the items in reverse alphabetical order.Use compact layout Icon view only. Select this option to arrange the items so that the items in the folder are closer to each other. file managerpreferences themeNautilus includes themes that you can use to change the look-and-feel of the Nautilus windows and the desktop background. To set your preferences for the font and theme of the Nautilus windows and desktop background, choose Edit Preferences. Choose Appearance from the Preferences dialog. lists the font and theme settings that you can modify. Dialog ElementDescription Nautilus Themes To change your Nautilus theme, choose a theme from the list.Add Theme To add a new Nautilus theme, click on the Add New Theme button. A dialog is displayed. Use the dialog to find the new theme. file managerpreferences new windowsTo set your preferences for new Nautilus windows, choose EditPreferences. Choose Windows from the Preferences dialog. lists the window settings that you can modify. Option Description Open each file or folder in a separate windowSelect this option to open a new window when you open a file or folder.Display side pane Select this option to display a side pane in new windows.Display toolbar Select this option to display a toolbar in new windows.Display location bar Select this option to display a location bar in new windows. Display statusbar Select this option to display a statusbar in new windows. file managerpreferences Trashfile manager preferencesdesktop background desktop backgroundpreferences Trashpreferences To set your preferences for the Nautilus desktop background and Trash, choose EditPreferences . Choose Desktop & Trash from the Preferences dialog. lists the desktop background and Trash settings that you can modify. Option Description Use Nautilus to draw the desktop Select this option to use Nautilus to manage your desktop background. If you do not use Nautilus to manage your desktop background, you cannot do the following: Use the Desktop Background menu. Use Nautilus to change the pattern or color of the desktop background. Use the Nautilus Home launcher and Trash launcher. The Home launcher and Trash launcher are not displayed on the desktop background. Use your home folder as the desktop Select this option to use your home directory as the desktop background directory, instead of the default directory. If you select this option, the contents of your home directory are displayed as desktop background objects.Ask before emptying the Trash or deleting filesSelect this option to display a confirmation message before Trash is emptied, or files are deleted. Include a Delete command that bypasses TrashSelect this option to add a Delete menu item to the following menus: The Edit menu. The popup menu that is displayed when you right-click on a file, folder, or desktop background object. When you select an item then choose the Delete menu item, the item is deleted from your file system immediately. file managerpreferences icon and list viewsfile managerviewspreferences file managericon view preferences file managerlist viewpreferences To set your preferences for items in icon views and list views, choose Edit Preferences. Choose Icon & List Views from the Preferences dialog. lists the settings that you can modify for items in icon views and list views. Option Description Activate items with a single click Select this option to perform the default action for an item when you click on the item. When this option is selected, and you point to an item, the title of the item is underlined. Activate items with a double click Select this option to perform the default action for an item when you double-click on the item.Execute files when they are clicked Select this option to run an executable file when you choose the executable file. An executable file is a text file that can execute, that is, a shell script.Display files when they are clicked Select this option to display the contents of an executable file when you choose the executable file.Ask each time Select this option to display a dialog when you choose an executable file. The dialog asks whether you want to execute the file or display the file. Hidden files Select this option to display hidden files in the view pane. The first character in a hidden file name is a period (.).Backup files Select this option to display backup files in the view pane. The last character in a backup file name is a tilde (~).Special flags in Properties dialog Select this option to show the following special flags in the Permissions tab on a properties dialog: Set User ID Set Group ID Sticky Folders before files Select this option to list folders before files when you sort a folder. file managericons caption preferencesfile manager preferencesicon captions An icon caption displays the name of a file or folder in an icon view. The icon caption also includes three additional items of information on the file or folder. The additional information is displayed after the file name. Normally only one item of information is visible, but when you zoom in on an icon, more of the information is displayed. You can modify what additional information is displayed in icon captions. To set your preferences for icon captions, choose EditPreferences. Choose Icon Captions from the Preferences dialog. Select the items of information that you want to display in the icon caption from the three drop-down list boxes. Select the first item from the first drop-down list box, select the second item from the second drop-down list box, and so on. The following table describes the items of information that you can select: InformationDescription Size Choose this option to display the size of the item. Type Choose this option to display the description of the MIME type of the item from the File Types and Programs preference tool. Date modified Choose this option to display the last modification date of the item. Date changed Choose this option to display the last modification date of the inode of the item. An inode is a data structure that contains information about individual files in UNIX file systems. Each file has one inode. An inode contains the node, type, owner, and location of a file. Date accessed Choose this option to display the date that the item was last accessed. Owner Choose this option to display the owner of the item. Group Choose this option to display the group to which the owner of the item belongs. Permissions Choose this option to display the permissions of the item as three sets of three characters, for example -rwxrw-r--. Octal permissions Choose this option to display the permissions of the item in octal notation, for example 764. MIME type Choose this option to display the MIME type of the item. None Choose this option to display no information for the item. file managerpreferences side panefile manager side panepreferences To set your preferences for the side pane, choose EditPreferences. Choose Side Panes from the Preferences dialog. lists the side pane settings that you can modify. Option Description History Select this option to display the History tab in the side pane.Notes Select this option to display the Notes tab in the side pane.Tree Select this option to display the Tree tab in the side pane.Show folders only Select this option to display only folders in the Tree tabbed pane. file managerpreferences performanceSome Nautilus features can affect the speed with which Nautilus responds to your requests. You can modify the behavior of some of these features to improve the speed of Nautilus. For each performance preference, you can select one of the options described in the following table: Option Description Always Performs the action for both local files, and files on other file systems. Local File Only Performs the action for local files only. NeverNever performs the action. To set your speed tradeoff preferences, choose EditPreferences. Choose Performance from the Preferences dialog. lists the speed tradeoff settings that you can modify. Dialog ElementDescription Show Text in Icons Select an option to specify when to preview the content of text files in the icon that represents the file. Show Number of Items in Folders Select an option to specify when to show the number of items in folders. Show Thumbnails for Image Files Select an option to specify when to show thumbnails of image files. Nautilus stores the thumbnail files for each folder in a .thumbnails directory that is one level below the folder. Do not make thumbnails for files larger than: Specify the maximum file size for files for which Nautilus creates a thumbnail.Preview Sound Files Select an option to specify when to preview sound files. file managerchanging backgrounds backgrounds changing screen componentNautilus includes backgrounds that you can use to change the look-and-feel of the following screen components: Nautilus desktop background Side pane View pane Panels, except for the Menu Panel To change the background of a screen component perform the following steps: Choose Edit Backgrounds and Emblems. The Backgrounds and Emblems dialog is displayed. To display a list of patterns that you can use on the background, click on the Patterns button. To display a list of the colors that you can use on the background, click on the Colors button. To change the background to a pattern, drag the pattern to the screen component. To change the background to a color, drag the color to the screen component. Click Close to close the dialog. Alternatively, you can right-click on the background of the side pane and the view pane, then choose Change Background. The Backgrounds and Emblems dialog is displayed. To reset the pane background to the default background, right-click on the background of the pane, then choose Use Default Background. When you change the background of the side pane or the view pane of a particular folder, Nautilus remembers the background that you chose. The next time that you display the folder, the background that you selected is displayed. In other words, when you change the background of a folder, you customize the folder to display the background. backgroundsadding patterns To add a pattern to the patterns that you can use on your screen components, choose Edit Backgrounds and Emblems. Click on the Patterns button, then click on the Add New Pattern button. A dialog is displayed. Use the dialog to find the new pattern. Click OK to add the new pattern to the Backgrounds and Emblems dialog. backgroundsadding colors To add a color to the colors that you can use on your screen components, choose Edit Backgrounds and Emblems. Click on the Colors button, then click on the Add New Color button. A color selector dialog is displayed. Use the color wheel or the sliders to choose the color. Click OK to add the new color to the Backgrounds and Emblems dialog. file managerwindow components, showing and hidingYou can show and hide Nautilus window components as follows: To hide the side pane, choose View Side Pane. To display the side pane again, choose View Side Pane again. To hide the toolbar, choose View Toolbar. To display the toolbar again, choose View Toolbar again. To hide the location bar, choose View Location Bar. To display the location bar again, choose View Location Bar again. To hide the statusbar, choose View Statusbar. To display the statusbar again, choose View Statusbar again. To remove a tab from the side pane, right-click in the side pane. Choose the tab that you want to remove from the popup menu. To add the tab to the side pane again, choose the tab from the popup menu again. removable mediaintroduction Nautilus supports the following removable media: CD-ROM Iomega Zip disk Floppy diskette For Nautilus to recognize removable media, you must have an appropriate entry for the media in the /etc/fstab file. removable mediamounting To mount media is to make the file system of the media available for access. When you mount media, the file system of the media is attached as a subdirectory to your file system. To mount media, insert the media in the appropriate device. An object that represents the media is added to the desktop background. The object is added only if your system is configured to mount the device automatically when media is detected. If your system is not configured to mount the device automatically, you must mount the device manually. Right-click on the desktop background, then choose Disks → device_name. For example, to mount a floppy diskette, choose Disks → Floppy. An object that represents the media is added to the desktop background. removable mediadisplaying media contents You can display media contents in any of the following ways: Double-click on the object that represents the media on the desktop background. Right-click on the object that represents the media on the desktop background, then choose Open. A Nautilus window displays the contents of the media. To reload the display, click on the Reload button. removable mediadisplaying media properties To display the properties of removable media, right-click on the object that represents the media on the desktop background, then choose Properties. A dialog displays the properties of the media. To close the properties dialog, click Close. removable mediaejecting To eject media, right-click on the media object on the desktop background, then choose Eject. If the drive for the media is a motorized drive, the media is ejected from the drive. If the drive for the media is not a motorized drive, a message is displayed when you can manually eject the media. You cannot eject media from a motorized drive when the media is mounted. To eject media, first unmount the media. To remove a floppy diskette from the drive, perform the following steps: Close all Nautilus windows, Terminal windows, and any other windows that access the diskette. Right-click on the object that represents the diskette on the desktop background, then choose Unmount Volume. Eject the diskette from the drive. If you eject the diskette from the drive before you unmount the diskette, you might lose the data on the diskette.