This chapter describes the methods you can use to change the appearance of the GNOME Desktop to enhance the accessibility of the desktop for users with visual impairments. customizing the desktop appearance There are a number of methods to enable you to customize the appearance of the GNOME Desktop to suit your specific needs, as follows: Themes Themes are the most effective way to change the appearance of the desktop in a consistent manner. See for more information about themes and how to use themes to achieve the type of desktop environment that you require. Desktop and application-specific configuration settings You can customize different components of the desktop individually to achieve the display settings that you require. You can configure the desktop and applications in addition to using themes or as an alternative to using themes. See for more information. The following table summarizes the changes that you can make to the GNOME Desktop and where you can make the changes. This guide does not provide detailed instructions about how to customize the desktop. For detailed instructions about how to use the customization tools that the desktop provides, refer to the Help for each tool or to the User Guide. To change the... Use... Overall appearance of the desktop to use high contrast colors, low contrast colors, or large print. The Theme preference tool. Appearance of the desktop background only. The Desktop Background preference tool and the file manager Backgrounds and Emblems menu item. Font displayed on the desktop background and in all desktop applications. The Font preference tool. Default font settings of the Text Editor, Terminal or Help application. By default, these applications use the default application font that is specified in the Font preference tool but can be overridden in the Preferences dialog for the application. This section describes how to use themes to customize the appearance of the GNOME Desktop. themes A theme is a group of coordinated settings that specifies how a desktop component or a group of desktop components appears. You can use themes to modify and control the appearance of the desktop in a consistent manner. When you apply a theme, the system modifies many desktop components simultaneously to achieve the desired effect. For example, if you apply a theme that increases the font size across the desktop, the theme also modifies the size of panels and icons on the desktop for optimum compatibility with the font size. A theme contains settings that affect different parts of the desktop as follows: Controls The controls setting for a theme determines the visual appearance of all windows, applications, panels, and panel applications. The controls setting also determines the visual appearance of the GNOME-compliant interface items that appear on windows, applications, panels, and panel applications, such as menus, icons, and buttons. Some of the controls options that are available in the desktop are designed for special accessibility needs. Window border The window frame setting determines the appearance of the border around windows only. Icon The icon setting determines the appearance of icons on panels and on the desktop background. themes desktop To choose a theme, perform the following steps: Choose SystemPreferencesTheme. The themes are listed on the left side of the Theme Preferences dialog. Click on a theme in the list box to choose a new theme. The system automatically applies the theme to the desktop. There are several themes available that suit different accessibility needs, as described in the following table: Theme Name Description High Contrast Provides dark text on a light background using high contrast colors. High Contrast Inverse Provides light text on a dark background using high contrast colors. Large Print This theme suggests an increased font size of 18pt. The background and foreground colors are the same as those specified by the Default desktop theme. To apply the suggested font, click on the Apply Font button. High Contrast Large Print This theme suggests an increased font size of 18pt using dark text on a light background. To apply the suggested font, click on the Apply Font button. High Contrast Large Print Inverse This theme suggests an increased font size of 18pt using light text on a dark background. To apply the suggested font, click on the Apply Font button. To view the controls, window frame, and icon settings that are associated with a theme, select a theme in the Theme Preferences dialog, then click on the Theme Details button. The Theme Details dialog contains a tabbed section for each setting category. Each tabbed section lists the options that are available and the current setting for the theme is highlighted. To modify the controls setting that is associated with a theme, perform the following steps: In the Theme Preferences dialog, select the theme that you want to modify. Click on the Theme Details button. The Theme Details dialog is displayed. Click on the Controls tab to display the controls options that are available. Select the controls option that you want to associate with the current theme from the list box, then click Close. The following table lists the controls options that are suitable for accessibility needs. Control Option Description HighContrast Provides dark text on a light background using high contrast colors. HighContrastInverse Provides light text on a dark background using high contrast colors. LowContrast Uses low contrast colors for the background and foreground text. LargePrint Increases the size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. To increase the font size, you must use the Font preference tool. The background and foreground colors are the same as those specified by the Default desktop theme. HighContrastLargePrint Provides dark text on a light background using high contrast colors. Increases the size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. To increase the font size, you must use the Font preference tool. HighContrastLargePrintInverse Provides light text on a dark background using high contrast colors. Increases the size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. To increase the font size, you must use the Font preference tool. LowContrastLargePrint Uses low contrast colors for the background and foreground text. Increases the size of controls to accommodate larger fonts. To increase the font size, you must use the Font preference tool. themes window border To modify the window border setting that is associated with a theme, perform the following steps: In the Theme Preferences dialog, select the theme that you want to modify. Click on the Theme Details button. The Theme Details dialog is displayed. Click on the Window Border tab to display the window frame options that are available. Select the window frame option that you want to associate with the current theme from the list box, then click Close. The Atlanta option is an accessible option. themes icon To modify the icon setting that is associated with a theme, perform the following steps: In the Theme Preferences dialog, select the theme that you want to modify. Click on the Theme Details button. The Theme Details dialog is displayed. Click on the Icons tab to display the icon options that are available. Select the icon option that you want to associate with the theme from the list box, then click Close. The following table lists the icon options that are suitable for accessibility needs. Icon Option Description HighContrast Provides dark on light icons using high contrast colors. HighContrastInverse Provides light on dark icons using high contrast colors. LowContrast Uses low contrast colors for the background and foreground text. themes creating your own For information about how to create your own themes, see the System Administration Guide. This section describes how to customize specific components of the desktop individually. customizing the desktop appearance desktop background The themes do not affect the desktop background. Therefore to modify the desktop background to complement your desktop, you must customize the desktop background separately using the Desktop Background preference tool. To start the Desktop Background preference tool,choose SystemPreferencesDesktop Background. customizing the desktop appearance desktop background objects The size of the icons that are displayed on the desktop background is controlled by the File Management preference tool. To change the size of the icons, perform the following steps: From the File Manager window, choose the EditPreferences menu item. Select the Views tabbed section. In the Icon View Defaults group, select the zoom level that you require in the Default zoom level drop-down list. customizing the desktop appearance fonts This section describes how to customize the font settings for the desktop and frequently-used applications. If you have difficulty with the default font type and font size that is used on the desktop and desktop background, you can customize the font settings to suit your needs. You can specify individual font settings for the following desktop components and applications: Entire desktop excluding the desktop background Desktop background only Terminal Text editor Help Web Browser customizing the desktop appearance desktop fonts The Font preference tool allows you to specify the default fonts for the desktop. To start the Font preference tool, choose SystemPreferencesFont. The Font Preferences dialog contains the following options: Application font Click on this button to select a default font to use for the text that is displayed on the desktop, including the text displayed on the windows and dialogs associated with GNOME-compliant applications and panel applications. If you use the Theme preference tool to select a theme and you click on the Apply Font button, the font that is associated with the theme overrides the font that you select using the Font preference tool. Document font Click on this button to select a font to use for displaying documents. Desktop font Click on this button to select a font to use for the text that is displayed on the desktop background only. Window title font Click on this button to select a font to use for the text that is displayed in titlebars of your windows. Fixed width font Click on this button to select a font to use for editing documents. Font rendering To specify how to render fonts on the desktop, select one of the following options: Monochrome Best shapes Best contrast Subpixel smoothing If you use large fonts, you may need to change the size of panes in applications that use panes such as, the file manager and the Help browser. For more information about the Font preference tool, see the User Guide. customizing the desktop appearance individual font By default, GNOME applications use the default font specified in the Font preference tool. Some applications allow this default font to be customized. These applications are: Help Browser Text Editor Terminal Web Browser The following sections summarize the steps you need to take to improve the accessibility of the desktop in a particular area. high contrast desktop low contrast desktop To achieve a high or low contrast desktop, perform the following steps: Use the Theme preference tool to select the high contrast or low contrast desktop theme that you require. Use the Desktop Background preference tool to customize your desktop background as follows: Set the Desktop Wallpaper to No Wallpaper. Set the Desktop Colors to Solid Color. Select a background color that suits your needs. In the Terminal application, ensure that the Use colors from system theme option is selected in the Colors tabbed section of the Editing Profile dialog. In the gedit application, ensure that the Use default theme colors option is selected in the Fonts & Colors tabbed section of the Preferences dialog. large print desktop To achieve a large print desktop, perform the following steps: Use the Theme preference tool to select the Large Print theme. Click on the Apply Font button to increase the size of the font that is used on the desktop and on window frames. Use the Desktop font option in the Font preference tool to increase the font that is displayed on desktop background objects. Increase the font size that is used to display the contents of the Terminal application window. If the Use default theme font option is selected in the gedit Preferences dialog, gedit uses the font size that is specified in the large print theme that you selected. However, if the Use default theme font option is not selected, increase the font size that is used to display the contents of the gedit text editor window. See the gedit manual for more information. If you use applications that use panes, such as the file manager and the Help browser, you may need to change the size of panes to accommodate the large print. See the online help for the appropriate application for more information.