diff options
author | Alexander Kirillov <sasha@src.gnome.org> | 2001-02-12 15:45:41 +0000 |
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committer | Alexander Kirillov <sasha@src.gnome.org> | 2001-02-12 15:45:41 +0000 |
commit | 80354e471b91d4a1e2eebfad74b947d40ca9903f (patch) | |
tree | a33b27ae02cd711218c630ea1ba94b7e61a2f770 /introduction-to-gnome | |
parent | 6dcf182e1e244894e908beba611acc6169124605 (diff) | |
download | gnome-user-docs-80354e471b91d4a1e2eebfad74b947d40ca9903f.tar.gz gnome-user-docs-80354e471b91d4a1e2eebfad74b947d40ca9903f.tar.xz gnome-user-docs-80354e471b91d4a1e2eebfad74b947d40ca9903f.zip |
Moved all gnome-intro related things to gnome-intro/C subdirectory
Diffstat (limited to 'introduction-to-gnome')
-rw-r--r-- | introduction-to-gnome/C/Makefile.am | 84 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | introduction-to-gnome/C/README | 6 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/Makefile | 18 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/desktop.png | bin | 0 -> 86479 bytes | |||
-rw-r--r-- | introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/gnome-logo-large.png | bin | 0 -> 23473 bytes | |||
-rwxr-xr-x | introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/img2eps | 58 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/microguiborder.png | bin | 0 -> 6232 bytes | |||
-rwxr-xr-x | introduction-to-gnome/C/gnome-intro.sgml | 1176 |
8 files changed, 1342 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/Makefile.am b/introduction-to-gnome/C/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3896af0 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + +gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir = $(datadir)/gnome/help/gnome-intro/C + +gnome_user_docs_intro_help_DATA = gnome-intro.sgml + +# the "portable" `basename' stand-in should work for the files that we +# throw at it +install-data-local: index.html + $(mkinstalldirs) $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir) + $(mkinstalldirs) $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/figs + $(mkinstalldirs) $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/stylesheet-images + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/index.html $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/gnome-intro.sgml $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/ + + for file in gnome-intro/*.html; do \ + basefile=`echo $$file | sed -e 's,^.*/,,'`; \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/$$file $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/$$basefile; \ + done + for file in gnome-intro/*.css; do \ + basefile=`echo $$file | sed -e 's,^.*/,,'`; \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/$$file $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/$$basefile; \ + done + for file in gnome-intro/figs/*.png; do \ + basefile=`echo $$file | sed -e 's,^.*/,,'`; \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/$$file $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/figs/$$basefile; \ + done + for file in gnome-intro/stylesheet-images/*.gif; do \ + basefile=`echo $$file | sed -e 's,^.*/,,'`; \ + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/$$file $(gnome_user_docs_intro_helpdir)/stylesheet-images/$$basefile; \ + done + +EXTRA_DIST = $(gnome_user_docs_intro_help_DATA) + +manual-html: index.html +manual-ps: gnome-intro.ps +manual-pdf: gnome-intro.pdf +manual-rtf: gnome-intro.rtf +manual-all: manual-html manual-ps manual-pdf manual-rtf + +all: index.html + +clean: + rm -rf gnome-intro + rm -rf gnome-intro.junk + rm -f figs/*.eps + rm -f *.log *.aux *.dvi *.tex + rm -rf DB2*OUTPUT* + rm -rf DBTO*OUTPUT* + rm -f index.html + +cvsclean: clean + [ -f Makefile.am ] && rm Makefile.in Makefile + +gnome-intro.ps: gnome-intro.sgml + $(MAKE) -C figs + db2ps $< + +gnome-intro.pdf: gnome-intro.ps + ps2pdf $< + +gnome-intro.rtf: gnome-intro.sgml + $(MAKE) -C figs + db2rtf $< + +index.html: gnome-intro/index.html + cd $(srcdir) \ + && cp gnome-intro/index.html index.html + +gnome-intro/index.html: gnome-intro.sgml + -(db2html gnome-intro.sgml \ + && mkdir -p gnome-intro/figs \ + && cp $(srcdir)/figs/*.png gnome-intro/figs || exit 1) + + +dist-hook: all + mkdir $(distdir)/gnome-intro + mkdir $(distdir)/gnome-intro/figs + mkdir $(distdir)/gnome-intro/stylesheet-images + cp gnome-intro/*.html $(distdir)/gnome-intro + cp gnome-intro.sgml $(distdir)/gnome-intro + cp gnome-intro/*.css $(distdir)/gnome-intro + cp gnome-intro/figs/*.png $(distdir)/gnome-intro/figs + cp gnome-intro/stylesheet-images/*.gif $(distdir)/gnome-intro/stylesheet-images + diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/README b/introduction-to-gnome/C/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15499e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/README @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +This directory contains "Introduction to GNOME" - short document to +get users acquainted with GNOME. Hopefully it will be included in +GNOME 1.4, either along with current (1.2) Users guide or instead of +it. + + diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/Makefile b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6f3397 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#This Makefile converts all of the .png images used in the GDP +#Handbook to .eps for postscript output. The img2eps script +#converts the image and scales it to your specifications. You will +#need to determine the width you would like your image to display on +#paper before adding the image to this file. The width parameter will +#scale your image in inches. Make sure to add the new image to the +#"all" section as well. + +all: desktop.eps gnome-logo-large.eps microguiborder.eps + +desktop.eps: desktop.png + ./img2eps desktop.png + +gnome-logo-large.eps: gnome-logo-large.png + ./img2eps gnome-logo-large.png + +microguiborder.eps: microguiborder.png + ./img2eps microguiborder.png diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/desktop.png b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/desktop.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..59db0c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/desktop.png diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/gnome-logo-large.png b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/gnome-logo-large.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..495e3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/gnome-logo-large.png diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/img2eps b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/img2eps new file mode 100755 index 0000000..eebd959 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/img2eps @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +#!/usr/bin/perl +# +# +# convert image to Encapsulated Postscript, with possible scaling of width +# + +$width = ""; + +if ($ARGV[0] =~ /^--width=(.+)$/) { + $width = $1; + shift (@ARGV); +} + +#print "width =",$width,"\n"; + +#print "argv =",$ARGV[0],"\n"; + +$infile = $ARGV[0]; + +if (!(-e $infile)) { +print "File doesn't exist\n"; +exit 1; +} + +$imagesz = `identify $ARGV[0]`; + +($name, $size, $rest) = split / /, $imagesz, 3; +#print $name, " ", $size, " ", $rest, "\n"; +#print "imagesz = ",$size,"\n"; + +($x, $y) = split /x/, $size, 2; +($y, $rest) = split /\+/, $y, 2; + +#print $x," by ",$y, "\n"; + +# +# if width set, we need to scale +# + +if ($width != "") { + $scale = $width * (72.0/$x); +} else { + $scale = 1; +} + +$scale = 72.0/$scale; +#print "scale = ",$scale,"\n"; + +$outfile = $infile; +$outfile =~ s/\.png/\.eps/; + +#print $infile," ",$outfile,"\n"; +system("convert $infile tmpimage.pgm"); +#system("giftopnm $infile | ppmtopgm > tmpimage.pgm"); +system("convert -density $scale tmpimage.pgm $outfile"); +system("rm tmpimage.pgm"); + + diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/microguiborder.png b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/microguiborder.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a712c05 --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/figures/microguiborder.png diff --git a/introduction-to-gnome/C/gnome-intro.sgml b/introduction-to-gnome/C/gnome-intro.sgml new file mode 100755 index 0000000..db3ecba --- /dev/null +++ b/introduction-to-gnome/C/gnome-intro.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@ +<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//GNOME//DTD DocBook PNG Variant V1.1//EN"[ ]> +<article id="index"> + <artheader> + <title>Introduction to Gnome</title> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Gnome</firstname> + <surname>Documentation Team</surname> + </author> + </authorgroup> + + <graphic fileref="./figs/gnome-logo-large" format="png"></graphic> + + <releaseinfo> + This is a beta draft of Introduction to Gnome for Gnome 1.4 + </releaseinfo> + + + <copyright> + <year>2000, 2001</year> + + <holder>Red Hat, Inc., David A. Wheeler, Alexander Kirillov + </holder> + </copyright> + + <legalnotice id="legalnotice"> + <para> + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the <ulink type="help" + url="gnome-help:fdl"><citetitle>GNU Free Documentation + License</citetitle></ulink>, Version 1.1 or any later version + published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant + Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. You + may obtain a copy of the <citetitle>GNU Free Documentation + License</citetitle> from the Free Software Foundation by + visiting <ulink type="http" url="http://www.fsf.org">their Web + site</ulink> or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., + 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + </para> + <para> + Many of the names used by companies to distinguish their + products and services are claimed as trademarks. Where those + names appear in any Gnome documentation, and those trademarks + are made aware to the members of the Gnome Documentation + Project, the names have been printed in caps or initial caps. + </para> + </legalnotice> + + </artheader> + + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="whatisGnome"> + <title>What is Gnome?</title> + <para> + Gnome is a user-friendly graphical desktop environment for UNIX and + UNIX-like systems that enables users to easily use and configure + their computers. Gnome includes a panel (for starting + applications and displaying status), a desktop (where data and + applications can be placed), a set of standard desktop tools and + applications, and a set of conventions that make it easy for + applications to cooperate and be consistent with each other. + Users of other operating systems or environments should feel + right at home using the powerful graphics-driven environment + Gnome provides. Gnome runs on a number of UNIX-like operating + systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris. + </para> + <para> Gnome is completely open source (free software) developed by + hundreds of programmers around the world. Both the source code + and ready-to-run binaries of Gnome are available for download on + the Internet; they are distributed under the terms of <ulink + type="gnome-help" url="gnome-help:gpl"> GNU General Public + License</ulink> (and its cousins, <ulink type="gnome-help" + url="gnome-help:lgpl">Lesser General Public License</ulink> and <ulink + type="gnome-help" url="gnome-help:fdl">Free Documentation License</ulink> + for libraries and documentation respectively). In particular, + this means that everyone is free to use, copy or distribute + Gnome. If you would like to learn more about the Gnome project + please visit the <ulink url="http://www.gnome.org" + type="http">Gnome web site</ulink>. + </para> + <para> + Gnome is highly configurable, enabling you to set your desktop + the way you want it to look and feel. Gnome supports many human + languages, and more are added every month. Gnome even supports + several Drag and Drop protocols for maximum interoperability + with non-Gnome applications. + </para> + + <para> + Gnome comes from the acronym for the GNU Network Object Model Environment + (GNOME). Gnome is a part of the larger GNU project, started in 1984 to + develop a completely free UNIX-like operating system. For more information, + visit the <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org" type="http">GNU Website</ulink>. + </para> + + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="about"> + <title>About This Guide</title> + <para> + This guide gives you a short introduction to Gnome. It is not + intended to cover all details of Gnome; if you need more + information, you should read detailed manuals listed in <xref + linkend="otherinfo">. Also, this guide assumes you already + have Gnome installed; if you need help installing Gnome, + please check the instructions on <ulink + url="http://www.gnome.org" type="http">Gnome Website</ulink> + </para> + <para> + This guide was written by the members of Gnome + Documentation Project (GDP). If you have any comments or + suggestions about this guide + or if you can offer any other help in improving or translating + Gnome documentation, please send an e-mail to + <email>docs@gnome.org</email>, or visit <ulink + url="http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp/" type="http">GDP Web + Site</ulink>. + </para> + <para> The authors of this guide assume that you are + using the default configuration of Gnome (that is, default GTK + theme and <application>sawfish</application> window manager with + <guilabel>MicroGUI</guilabel> theme). Gnome is highly + configurable, so it is easy to change not only the look but also + the behavior of Gnome; however, we recommend that you do so only + after you already have some experience with Gnome. + </para> + </sect1> +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="conventions"> + <title>Mouse Conventions Used in This Guide</title> + <para> + Before describing Gnome, let us introduce some terms used not + only in this guide but in all Gnome documents. Most importantly, + we need to clarify the use of mouse buttons and clicks. + </para> + <para> + Most Gnome documents assume that you are using a standard (for + UNIX) 3-button mouse and talk about left, right, and middle + mouse buttons; if a document says <quote>click</quote> without + explicitly specifying the button, the left button is + assumed. Some documents use notations <quote>mouse button + 1</quote>, <quote>mouse button 2</quote> and <quote>mouse button + 3</quote> (or MB1, MB2, MB3 for short) for left, middle, and + right buttons respectively. + </para> + <para> + If you are using a two-button mouse, you can emulate the middle + mouse button by pressing left and right buttons simultaneoulsy; + if you have a wheel mouse, the wheel can be used in place of the + middle mouse button. + </para> + <para> + You can switch the roles of the buttons using Gnome <application> + Control Center</application>. Many left-handers choose to reverse the + right and left buttons. If you have done so, you need to use the + right mouse button whenever document instructs you to click, and use + <emphasis>left</emphasis> mouse button whenever a document talks + about <quote>right-clicking</quote> or mouse button 3. + </para> + <para> + If you use a mouse with some unusual placement of buttons, a + trackball, or some other input device, you need to find out + which buttons correspond to <quote>right</quote>, + <quote>left</quote> and <quote>middle</quote>; this information + can usually be found in the manual which came with your + device. Usually, <quote>left</quote> button (MB1) is the one + under your index finger. + </para> + + </sect1> + + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="firstglance"> + <title>First glance at Gnome: Desktop and Panel</title> + <para> + <xref linkend="desktop-fig"> shows an example of Gnome + running. Gnome is very configurable, so your screen may look + quite different. + </para> +<!-- figure ------> + <figure id="desktop-fig"> + <title>Sample Gnome Display.</title> + <screenshot> + <screeninfo>Sample Gnome Display</screeninfo> + <graphic format="png" fileref="./figs/desktop" srccredit="sasha"> + </graphic> + </screenshot> + </figure> +<!-- /figure ------> +<!-- =======Subsection ============ --> +<sect2 id="panel"> + <title>Panel</title> + <para> + The long bar at the bottom of <xref linkend="desktop-fig"> is + a Gnome Panel. It contain a number of useful things, such as + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>The <guibutton>Main Menu</guibutton>: this is the + button with the stylized footprint. Clicking this button + brings up a menu containing all Gnome applications + and commands, including the logout command. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + Application launchers: these are buttons that start + various programs. In this example the toolbox button + starts the <application>Gnome Control Center</application> + (for configuring your system), and the button with a + computer screen starts <application>Gnome + Terminal</application>, for those who need to use + command line. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + Panel applets: these are are tiny programs designed to + work inside the Panel. For example, the + <application>clock</application> applet on the far right + shows the current time, and + <application>tasklist</application> applet (in the + middle of the panel) shows the list of all application + windows on your desktop (this will be discussed in + detail in <xref linkend="tasklist">). + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para> As with all Gnome components, Panel is highly + configurable: you can add or remove application launchers and + applets, edit the <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>, change Panel + background, or even create new Panels. For example, to move an + object, drag it to the new location using the <link + linkend="conventions">middle mouse button</link>; to configure + an object, get help on it, or remove it from the Panel, + right-click on it and select the appropriate item from the + <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> menu. To hide the Panel when you are + not using it, click on one of the <guibutton>Hide + buttons</guibutton> (with small arrows) at the ends of the + Panel. + </para> + <para>More Panel operations are available from the + <guimenu>Panel</guimenu> menu, which you can open by + right-clicking in any empty space on the Panel (for example, + in the hide arrows) and selecting <guisubmenu>Panel</guisubmenu> + from the menu. The Panel menu also contains <ulink type="help" + url="gnome-help:panel">Panel manual</ulink>, which describes + all these options and more. </para> + </sect2> +<!-- =======Subsection ============ --> + <sect2 id="desktop"> + <title>Desktop</title> + <para> + Everything outside the Panel is called + <quote>desktop</quote>. You can place icons for files, applications, + and other items on the desktop (a default collection of icons is + installed with Gnome), after which you can double-click on an item + to use it: + </para> + <itemizedlist mark="bullet"> + <listitem> + <para> + If the item is a program, that program will start. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + If it is a data file, the appropriate program will start + up with that data loaded. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + + <para> + If it is a directory, the File Manager will start and show + the contents of that directory. Your desktop will probably + have a folder icon labeled <guilabel>Home + directory</guilabel>. Double-clicking on it will start the + File Manager at your home directory. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para> + The easiest way to place an item on the desktop is to + drag-and-drop a file from the File Manager window. This will be + discussed in more detail in <xref linkend="nautilus">. Once + the item is placed on the desktop, you can move it around the + desktop using the left mouse button, or you can click on it + with the right mouse button to bring up the + <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> menu which allows you to delete the + item or change its properties. + </para> + </sect2> + +<!-- =======Subsection ============ --> + <sect2 id="mouse"> + <title>Using the Mouse</title> + <para> + As you have already seen, you can do almost anything just by + clicking with your mouse. Here are some conventions which work + almost anywhere in Gnome: + </para> + + <itemizedlist mark="bullet"> + <listitem><para> + Clicking on an item with the left mouse button selects + (hilights) it. If you need to select several objects, hold down + <keycap>CTRL</keycap> key while clicking. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + Double-clicking on an item runs the default action for + this item (running an application, opening the file, etc.) + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + Clicking on an item with the right mouse button brings up + the context menu, which contains all the commands and + information available for this item. If you have selected + a group of items, right-clicking on any of them will bring + up the context menu which applies to all of these items. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + You can + select text anywhere on the screen using the left mouse + button, and then insert this text into any other place on + the screen which accepts text input, by clicking with the + <link linkend="conventions">middle mouse button</link>. + </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para> + In addition, clicking with the right mouse button on any empty + space on your desktop brings up a <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> + menu, which allows you to change desktop background or other + properties, or add a new item to the desktop. Clicking on the + desktop with the middle mouse button produces the default menu + for your window manager (see <xref linkend="windows">). + </para> + </sect2> + +<!-- =======Subsection:Logging out ============ --> + <sect2 id="logout"> + <title>Logging Out</title> + + <para> To log out of Gnome, click on the <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu> + button and select <guimenuitem>Log out</guimenuitem>. Gnome + will prompt you for confirmation; it will also give you an + option to save the session — that is, information about + currently open applications and their location on the screen + will be saved, so that when you login next time, the same + applications will be in the same places (this only works for + applications which are fully Gnome-compliant). + </para> + </sect2> + + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: working with wondows =============== --> +<sect1 id="windows"> + <title>Working With Windows</title> + <para> + The graphical system used by all UNIX-like operating systems, X + Window System, allows you to have several windows on your + screen, with a different application running each in each + window. By itself, however, X Window System can only do very + low-level operations, so it is always used in conjunction with + another piece of software, called window manager. A window + manager provides windows' borders and buttons, allows you to + move, close, and resize windows, etc. Gnome can work with many + window managers. The most popular are: + <ulink type="http" url="http://www.enlightenment.org"> + <application>Enlightenment</application></ulink> and <ulink + type="http" url="http://sawmill.sourceforge.net"> + <application>Sawfish</application></ulink> (formerly known as + Sawmill). Each window manager can use many different styles of + window decorations and buttons (this is referred to as + <quote>window manager theme</quote>). Since it is impossible to + cover them all, in this section we only describe the default + window manager shipped with Gnome, + <application>Sawfish</application>, and its default theme + (<guilabel>MicroGUI</guilabel>). An example of the window border in + the <guilabel>MicroGUI</guilabel> theme is shown in <xref + linkend="microguiborder"> + </para> + +<!-- figure ------> + <figure id="microguiborder"> + <title>Window Border in MicroGUI Style.</title> + <screenshot> + <screeninfo>Window border in MicroGUI style</screeninfo> + <graphic format="png" fileref="./figs/microguiborder" srccredit="sasha"> + </graphic> + </screenshot> + </figure> +<!-- /figure ------> + <para> + So, what can you do with windows? + </para> + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis>Closing, minimizing, and maximizing windows</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + To close a window, click on the button with the + small yellow <quote>x</quote> in the right side of the window + border. If the application has any unsaved data, it will + prompt you to save it. + </para> + <para> + To maximize a window, i.e. make it fill the entire + screen (except for the part taken by the panels), click + on the button with small yellow <quote>up</quote> + arrow. Clicking on this arrow once again will restore + the window to its original size. + </para> + <para> To minimize (hide or iconify) a window, click on the + button with small yellow <quote>down</quote> arrow. The + window will disappear from screen. However, it is not + lost forever — the application in this window continues + running, no data is lost — it is just temporarily + hidden. All minimized windows are shown in the tasklist + applet and can be restored as described below. + </para> + <para> A convenient alternative to minimizing windows is + <quote>shading</quote> them. When you shade a window, it + <quote>rolls up</quote> into its own title bar, so the + title bar is the only part of the window left on + screen. To shade a window, double-click on the title + bar; to unshade, double-click again. Try it! + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis>Raising and lowering windows</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> Windows on your screen can overlap, so that one of + the windows is <quote>on top</quote> of another. You can + <quote>raise</quote> a window (i.e., put it on top of + all others) by clicking on the window title bar. You can + also switch a window from raised to lowered and back by + clicking on the title bar with the <link + linkend="conventions">middle mouse button</link>, or by + clicking anywhere inside the window with the right mouse + button while holding down <keycap>ALT</keycap> key. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis>Focus</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> Of all the windows on your screen, only one is active + (in computer parlance, <quote>focused</quote>), which means + that anything you type on the keyboard will be sent to the + application running in that window. (It does not mean that the + applications in other windows are idle — they can + be running as well.) To help you see which window has + focus, the title bar of this window has different color + (left side is blue, as opposed to gray for all other + windows). To change focus to another window, just click + anywhere in this window. You can also click in the + window title bar to focus and raise the window + simultaneously. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis>Moving and resizing windows</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> To move a window, drag its title bar to a new + location using left mouse button (i.e., click in the + title bar and move the mouse without releasing the + button). You can also move a window by clicking anywhere + inside the window while holding down the + <keycap>ALT</keycap> key. + </para> + <para> + To resize a window, place the mouse cursor on any of the + window borders (except the top one) or corners. The + mouse cursor will change to an arrow pushing a line or + corner, allowing you to drag the border or corner to a new + position. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + + <sect2 id="tasklist"> + <title>Tasklist</title> + <para> + All the windows on your desktop (including the minimized ones) + are shown in the <application>tasklist</application>, located + on your Panel. For each window, a mini-icon and beginning of + the window title is shown. To restore a minimized window, just click + on its title in the tasklist. Right-clicking on the window + title brings up the <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> menu whihc + allows you to shade a window, close it, or kill the + application running in the window. The last option should only + be used when an application is frozen and does not respond to + <quote>close window</quote> command. If you kill an + application, you lose all unsaved data! + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="wm-menus"> + <title> Window Operations Menu</title> + <para> + <application>Sawfish</application> also provides a menu for + each window; this menu contains all the operations for this + window described above, and then some. To access this menu, + click on the button in the left side of the window title bar + (with the small triangle pointing down). You can also invoke + this menu by right-clicking in the window title or clicking + anywhere in the window with the <link + linkend="conventions">middle mouse button</link> while holding + down the <keycap>ALT</keycap> key. + </para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="wm-desktop-menu"> + <title>Desktop Menu</title> + <para> + Finally, <application>Sawfish</application> also provides a + <quote>desktop menu</quote>; it can be accessed by clicking on any + empty space of the desktop with the <link + linkend="conventions">middle mouse button</link>. It + contains the following options: + </para> + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Provides list of all windows, including minimized + ones. Selecting one of these windows restores it (if it + was minimized) and raises it over other windows. Very + convenient if you have so many windows that the one you + need is completely covered by others. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <guimenuitem>Workspaces</guimenuitem> + </term> + <listitem> + <para>Allows you to switch from one workspace to another, + create and delete workspaces. See + <application>Sawfish</application> manual for details. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <guimenuitem>Programs</guimenuitem> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Same as <guisubmenu>Programs</guisubmenu> section + of the <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <guimenuitem>Customize</guimenuitem> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Allows the user to customize all properties of the + <application>Sawfish</application> behavior. For a new + user, we recommend trying various + <guilabel>Appearance</guilabel> settings, but leaving + all other subsections alone. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Provides links to <application>Sawfish</application> web + page, <application>Sawfish</application> manual (beware: + this is not a user's manual but rather a manual for + people who write extensions/customizations to + <application>Sawfish</application> using LISP + programming language), link to <citetitle>Gnome Users + Guide</citetitle>, and to <ulink + type="http"url="http://www.gnome.org">Gnome Web + site</ulink>. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </sect2> + + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="nautilus"> + <title>Nautilus: Gnome File Manager, Help Browser, and More</title> + <para> + Gnome 1.4 includes a <quote>graphical shell</quote>, + <application>Nautilus</application>. It combines file manager, + help browser, web browser, FTP client, and much more. To launch + it, select <guimenuitem>Nautilus</guimenuitem> in the + <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>, or just dpuble-click on any directory + icon on your desktop. + </para> + <sect2 id="nautilus-fm"> + <title>Managing Your Files With Nautilus</title> + + <para> + As most modern graphic file managers, + <application>Nautilus</application> shows the contents of a selected + directory using icons to represent files and subdirectories. Clicking + on any file or directory opens it (for data files, it starts + the appropriate application which opens this file). Right-clicking + on a file or directory produces a <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> menu. + Using this menu, you can delete or rename the file, view and change + file properties or permissions, and more. + </para> + <para> <application>Nautilus</application> also provides an easy + way to move files between directories. To move move a file + from one directory to another, open each directory in a + different <application>Nautilus</application> window by selecting + <guimenuitem>New window</guimenuitem> from the + <application>Nautilus</application> <guimenu>File</guimenu> menu. + Select the file you need, and drag it from one window into another + using the mouse. You can also drag the file to the desktop. In this + case, the file remains in its old location, and an icon will + be created on your desktop which acts as a link + (<quote>shortcut</quote>) to it. + </para> + <para> <application>Nautilus</application> provides many more + tools to manipulate your files. It is also highly + customizable, so you can easily change the way files are + displayed (for example, you can choose a custom icon for a + given file). For detailed description of all these + possibilities, read <ulink type="help" + url="gnome-help:nautilus">Nautilus manual</ulink>. + </para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="nautilus-help"> + <title>Reading Documentation With Nautilus</title> + <para> + In addition to being a file manager, + <application>Nautilus</application> is also a help browser: + you can use it to read documentation installed on your + system. This includes not only Gnome documentation, but also + UNIX-style manual pages (manpages), GNU info pages + (documentation format used GNU project utilities), and other + types of documentation. To view the list of all documentation + installed on your system, click on the <guilabel>Help + contents</guilabel> tab in the left panel of + <application>Nautilus</application>. + </para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="customizing"> + <title>Customizing</title> + <para> + Gnome is highly configurable — you can change almost + anything: background color, key bindings, location of panels + and contents of the <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>, and more. + Most of these changes are done using <application>Gnome Control + Center</application>, which can be found in + <guisubmenu>Settings</guisubmenu> submenu of the <guimenu>Main + Menu</guimenu>; this menu also allows you to access a specific + section of the <application>Gnome Control Center</application>. + The <application>Control Center</application> has its own + detailed documentation which you should consult before making + any changes. + </para> + <para> + Here we would like to give just an overview of the most commonly + used options of the <application>Gnome Control + Center</application>. + </para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + You can change the desktop background by selecting + <guilabel>Background</guilabel> in the + <guilabel>Desktop</guilabel> section of <application>Gnome + Control Center</application>. (A quicker alternative to + access this section is to right-click on any empty space on + your desktop and select <guimenuitem>Change Desktop + Background</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> + menu). + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <guilabel>Theme Selector</guilabel> allows you to change the + desktop theme (also known as GTK theme). This changes the + appearance of the <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>, as well as + menus, toolbars, scrollbars, checkbuttons and other elements + of graphical user interface for all Gnome applications. Many + users find the default GTK theme rather dull, so the first + thing they do is switching to another one. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <guilabel>Sawfish window manager</guilabel>: this section + allows you to change settings for the window manager. In + particular, in the <guilabel>Appearance</guilabel> + subsection you can change the frame style (theme), which + determines the window borders and buttons. You can also + change the font used for window title bars. If you + are a new user, we recommend that you do not change + other settings. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <guilabel>Session</guilabel>: in this section you can define + the startup programs (that is, programs that are run every + time you log in), enable or disable login hints and logout + confirmation dialog. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para> + In addition, you can change properties of various items — + most notably, panels and icons on your desktop — by + clicking on them with the right mouse button and selecting + <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem> from the + <guimenu>pop-up</guimenu> menu. In this way, you can change the + caption of an icon, size and background color (or even + background image) of the Panel, and much more. + </para> + <note> + <title>NOTE</title> + <para> + Desktop icons corresponding to various drives and devices of + your system (such as floppy drive or CD-ROM) have more + complicated nature, so you can not change their caption using + the <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem> dialog. + </para> + </note> + <para> + Almost every Gnome application has its own + preferences settings (look for + <guimenu>Preferences</guimenu> or <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> in + the menus), so you can change, for example, colors used by the Gnome + Terminal or make it transparent — the possibilities are + unlimited! + </para> + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="apps"> + <title>Gnome Applications and Utilities</title> + <para> + Gnome comes with many applications and utilities; in addition, + Gnome allows you to use any third party applications such as + <application>Netscape</application>), KDE applications, or other + applications and utilities installed on your system. Here is a + list of some of the most useful tools and applications which you + can find in Gnome's <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu> (this is not a + complete list!) + </para> + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> These include office and productivity applications + such as <application>Gnumeric</application> + — a full-featured Excel-compatible spreadsheet; + <application>AbiWord</application> — a lightweight + word processing application; + <application>Evolution</application> — e-mail, + calendar, address book and contact manager. In addition, + here you will find the <quote>Swiss army knife of text + editors</quote>, <application>emacs</application> (which + is not a Gnome appication). + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para>Here you will find the famous + <application>Gimp</application> — image editing + program for serious users which rivals + <application>Photoshop</application>. This menu also + contains image viewers such as <application>Eye of + Gnome</application> and <application>xv</application>. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para>Among other things, here is a + <application>Calculator</application>, <application>Gnome + Search tool</application> which you can use to find a file + on your system, <application>gfloppy</application> which + lets you format a floppy disk, <application>Bug reporting + tool</application>, and a nice utility called + <application>GDict</application> which allows you to look + up a word in one of the many dictionaries freely available + on the Internet. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Here you will find <application>CD player</application>, + <application>Mixer</application> (which also can be used + to adjust volume of your speakers), and an MP3 player + <application>XMMS</application>. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This submenu contains utilities for managing your + system. You can find out detailed information about your + processor, memory, and operating system using + <application>System Info</application>, check how much + space you have left on your disks using <application>Gnome + DiskFree</application>, or view all the processes (jobs) + which are currently running on your computer using + <application>System monitor</application>. In addition, + <application>System monitor</application> also shows you + load level for the processor and memory, and allows you to + kill a stalled or otherwise unwanted job. + </para> + <para> + This submenu also contains tools for managing software + installed on your system, namely + <application>GnoRPM</application> and <application>Helix + Gnome Update</application> (if you are using the + distribution of Gnome prepared by Helix Code, Inc.). + <application>GnoRPM</application> allows you to view all + software packages installed on your system (if you are + using a distribution of Linux based on RPM packages, such + as Red Hat, SuSe, or Mandrake); it also allows you to remove, + update, or install new packages. + <application>Helix Gnome Update</application> provides an + extremely easy, almost one-click, way to update your + Gnome installation. Both of these utilities , however, require + that you have system administrator (root) privileges. + </para> + <para> + And finally, the same submenu also contains various + terminal emulators (<application>xterm</application>, + <application>Color xterm</application>, + <application>Gnome Terminal</application>) letting you use + the most powerful (although not most user friendly) interface + ever created — the command line prompt. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Here, you will find <application>Netscape</application> web + browser, <application>X-Chat</application> for Internet Relay + Chat (IRC), <application>Gnome-ICU</application> for talking + with other people using ICQ protocol, and + <application>gftp</application> which is a graphical tool + for FTP file transfers. Note that Gnome file manager, + <application>Nautilus</application>, also has built-in FTP + capabilities, so <application>gftp</application> is needed + only in those rare cases when you need something really + complicated (for example, transferring files using secure + version of FTP, based on <application>ssh</application>). + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Lots of them — just try! + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="trouble"> + <title>Help — I Am in Trouble!</title> + <para> + Everyone runs into trouble sooner or later. Here is some + advice on how to handle the most common problems: + </para> + + <sect2 id="kill-an-app"> + <title>Killing a Stalled Application</title> + <para> + If an application is stalled or frozen — that is, if it + does not respond to your mouse clicks and keyboard commands, + you can either wait and hope that it wakes up, or kill it. If + you decide to kill it (NOTE: You will lose all unsaved data), + click on the button with small triangle in the left side of the + window title bar to invoke the + <guimenu>window operations</guimenu> menu, and select + <guimenuitem>Destroy</guimenuitem>. Another way to kill the + application is to start the <application>Gnome System + monitor</application> (from <guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu> + submenu of the <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>), right-click + on the frozen application name, and select + <guimenuitem>Kill now</guimenuitem>. Using <application>Gnome + System monitor</application> also allows you to find and kill + all helper processes started by this application. + </para> + <para> + If a Gnome application freezes or crashes (unexpectedly dies) + repeatedly, you should file a bug report as described in <xref + linkend="feedback">. + </para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="kill-X11"> + <title>My Whole System Froze!</title> + + <para> If your whole system is frozen and is not responding, do not + hurry to push the <quote>reset</quote> button on the computer + — this is usually the worst solution. Most probably, it is + not the operating system itself that is frozen (UNIX systems are + known for stability), but just the graphical part, X Window + System. In this case, you can try to restart X Window System by + simultaneously pressing + <keycombo><keycap>CTRL</keycap><keycap>ALT</keycap> + <keycap>Backspace</keycap> </keycombo>. This should work for + the implementation of X Window system used on Linux and *BSD, + XFree86 — unless it was disabled by your system + administrator. Of course, in this way you also lose all unsaved + data, but at least you do not risk to mess up the whole file + system. + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="icons-messedup"> + <title>My Gnome Desktop Icons Are All Messed up!</title> + <para> + This sometimes happens when upgrading from an older version of + Gnome. In this case, try this trick: delete the file + <filename>~/.Gnome/metadata.db</filename> (note the dot!), where + <filename>~</filename> is your home directory, then log out and + login again. If this didn't help, read on. + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="Gnome-messedup"> + <title>My Whole Gnome Configuration is Messed Up!</title> + <para> + If you have more serious problems than just desktop icons — + for example, if your panel is missing — the radical solution + is to remove all your Gnome configuration files and start from + scratch. This is an emergency solution, as you lose all + configuration settings and will need to configure your menus, + panels, etc. again from scratch, that is, from the default Gnome + configuration. However, this only affects Gnome configuration, + so your data files and settings for non-Gnome applications + remain intact. + </para> + <para> To remove all your Gnome configuration files and return + to the original Gnome configuration, logout then log in again + holding down keys <keycap>CTRL</keycap> and + <keycap>SHIFT</keycap> (immediately after entering your + password in the login dialog). You will be presented a dialog, + offering you the choice to reset the saved session (that is, + which applications were open when you last logged out); reset + your Gnome configuration settings; or both. + </para> + <para> + Finally, if you have really severe problems and your system + freezes or becomes otherwise unusable as soon as you login, + you have one last option. You can select + <guimenuitem>Failsafe</guimenuitem> session type instead of + the default <guimenuitem>Gnome</guimenuitem> in the login + screen. Both Gnome and KDE Login Managers support this. In + this session type, Gnome is not started; instead, you are + presented with a single terminal window. This is almost + guaranteed to start OK, and if you know how to use + command-line tools to find and fix your problem, you have a + chance. Otherwise, ask an expert. + </para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + +<!-- ==================Section: ======================== --> +<sect1 id="otherinfo"> + <title>Where to Find More Information</title> + <sect2 id="Gnome-docs"> + <title>Documentation Included with Gnome</title> + <para> + Gnome includes detailed documentation for the majority + of applications, utilities and other components, such as Panel + or Nautilus file manager. You can view the list of all Gnome + documents installed on your system using the <guilabel>Help + Contents</guilabel> tab in <link + linkend="nautilus-help">Nautilus</link>. So, if you want to + know more about one of these components, read the appropriate + manual. + </para> + <para> + In addition to the manuals for individual components, Gnome + documentation also includes: + </para> + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <ulink type="help" url="gnome-help:users-faq"> + <citetitle>Frequently Asked Questions</citetitle> + </ulink> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> This document contains answers to some of the most + commonly asked questions about Gnome. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> +<!-- <varlistentry> + <term><ulink type="help" url="gnome-help:new_in_1.4"> + <citetitle>What is new in Gnome 1.4</citetitle> + </ulink> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This document describes changes in Gnome 1.4 (compared to + the previous release, Gnome 1.2) + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> --> + <varlistentry> + <term> <ulink type="help" url="gnome-help:unix-primer"> + <citetitle>If you are new to UNIX/Linux...</citetitle> + </ulink> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This short document gives the minimal necessary + information about UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, + including such things as filenames, paths and + directories, permissions, symbolic links and most + confusing of them all, the notion of + <quote>mounting</quote>. If you never used UNIX system + before, be sure to read this. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="gnome-www"> + <title> Gnome Resources on the Internet</title> + <para> + In addition to documentation shipped with Gnome, there is also + wealth of information available on the Internet. A good + starting point is, of course, the <ulink type="http" + url="http://www.gnome.org">Gnome Website</ulink>. There you + will find instructions for installing Gnome, reviews and tips, + developer information, and more. + </para> + <para> + If you can not find an answer to your question there, you + may ask other Gnome users and developers on Gnome mailing list + (subscription instructions can be found <ulink type="http" + url="http://mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/gnome-list">here</ulink>). + Note, however, that this list is for Gnome-related questions + only (do not ask how to configure X Window System, for instance), + and it is impolite (to say the least) to ask a question without + first checking if this question is already answered in available + documents such as <ulink type="gnome-help" + url="gnome-help:users-faq">Gnome FAQ</ulink>. + </para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="not-Gnome-docs"> + <title>Everything Not Gnome</title> + <para> + You should realize that Gnome is just part of your computer + system. If you want to unleash the full potential of your + computer, you need to understand not just Gnome but also the + underlying operating system (UNIX/Linux/FreeBSD), various + tools and utilities included with it, and its graphics system + (X Window System). Each of these components usually comes with + its own documentation. Most of UNIX commands and utilities are + documented in so-called <quote>manual pages</quote>, or man pages + for short. You can view them using <application>Nautilus</application> + (see <xref linkend="nautilus-help">). This documentation is usually + very detailed and more technical than most users would like. + Another documentation format used by utilities from the + GNU project is called <quote>info pages</quote>. They, too, + can be viewed using <application>Nautilus</application>. Many + applications also have documentation in other formats. Sometimes + it is not easy to find documentation for a given application — + try looking in the directory <filename>/usr/doc</filename>. + </para> + <para> Documentation for operating system itself varies from one + system to another. The best advice is to check the printed manual + which came with your system. For Linux, a good source of information + is the Linux Documentation Project (LDP); you can read or their + documentation on the Internet (at <ulink type="http" + url="http://www.linuxdoc.org">http://www.linuxdoc.org</ulink>). + Virtually all Linux distributions also include copies of LDP + documents; usually they are found at + <filename>/usr/doc/LDP</filename> or + <filename>/usr/doc/HOWTO</filename>. + </para> + <para> + And of course, there are a number of books available about all + flavors of UNIX/Linux, Gnome, and about anything else you might + be interested in. Check your local bookstore. + </para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + <sect1 id="feedback"> + <title>Feedback</title> + <para> + If you have any comments, suggestions, or complaints about this + guide, please send them to Gnome Documentation project at + <email>docs@gnome.org</email>. + </para> + <para> + If you find a bug in one of Gnome applications, please report it! + The developers do read these reports and try to fix all reported bugs. + The easiest way to send a bug report is to use <application>Gnome + Bug Report Tool</application>, found in the + <guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu> submenu of the + <guimenu>Main Menu</guimenu>. This tool will be automatically + started if a Gnome application crashes. It should also be used + for submitting suggestions or requests for new features for + Gnome applications: just select <guilabel>Severity: + wishlist</guilabel> in the appropriate window of + <application>Gnome Bug Report Tool</application>. + </para> + <para> + If you have questions about Gnome, or want to discuss Gnome + with other users and developers, you should subscribe to the + Gnome mailing list as described in <xref linkend="gnome-www">. + </para> + </sect1> +</article> + + + + + + + + |