kernel-crypto.git - User-space crypto API development for Linux

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// recursive descent parser for systemtap scripts
// Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Red Hat Inc.
// Copyright (C) 2006 Intel Corporation.
// Copyright (C) 2007 Bull S.A.S
//
// This file is part of systemtap, and is free software.  You can
// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
// Public License (GPL); either version 2, or (at your option) any
// later version.

#include "config.h"
#include "staptree.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "session.h"
#include "util.h"

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <cerrno>
#include <climits>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <iterator>

extern "C" {
#include <fnmatch.h>
}

using namespace std;

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------



parser::parser (systemtap_session& s, istream& i, bool p):
  session (s),
  input_name ("<input>"), free_input (0),
  input (i, input_name, s), privileged (p),
  context(con_unknown), last_t (0), next_t (0), num_errors (0)
{ }

parser::parser (systemtap_session& s, const string& fn, bool p):
  session (s),
  input_name (fn), free_input (new ifstream (input_name.c_str(), ios::in)),
  input (* free_input, input_name, s), privileged (p),
  context(con_unknown), last_t (0), next_t (0), num_errors (0)
{ }

parser::~parser()
{
  if (free_input) delete free_input;
}


stapfile*
parser::parse (systemtap_session& s, std::istream& i, bool pr)
{
  parser p (s, i, pr);
  return p.parse ();
}


stapfile*
parser::parse (systemtap_session& s, const std::string& n, bool pr)
{
  parser p (s, n, pr);
  return p.parse ();
}

static string
tt2str(token_type tt)
{
  switch (tt)
    {
    case tok_junk: return "junk";
    case tok_identifier: return "identifier";
    case tok_operator: return "operator";
    case tok_string: return "string";
    case tok_number: return "number";
    case tok_embedded: return "embedded-code";
    case tok_keyword: return "keyword";
    }
  return "unknown token";
}

ostream&
operator << (ostream& o, const source_loc& loc)
{
  o << loc.file->name << ":"
    << loc.line << ":"
    << loc.column;

  return o;
}

ostream&
operator << (ostream& o, const token& t)
{
  o << tt2str(t.type);

  if (t.type != tok_embedded && t.type != tok_keyword) // XXX: other types?
    {
      o << " '";
      for (unsigned i=0; i<t.content.length(); i++)
        {
          char c = t.content[i];
          o << (isprint (c) ? c : '?');
        }
      o << "'";
    }

  o << " at "
    << t.location;

  return o;
}


void
parser::print_error  (const parse_error &pe)
{
  string align_parse_error ("     ");
  cerr << "parse error: " << pe.what () << endl;

  if (pe.tok)
    {
      cerr << "\tat: " << *pe.tok << endl;
      session.print_error_source (cerr, align_parse_error, pe.tok);
    }
  else
    {
      const token* t = last_t;
      if (t)
	{
	  cerr << "\tsaw: " << *t << endl;
	  session.print_error_source (cerr, align_parse_error, t);
	}
      else
        cerr << "\tsaw: " << input_name << " EOF" << endl;
    }

  // XXX: make it possible to print the last input line,
  // so as to line up an arrow with the specific error column

  num_errors ++;
}


const token*
parser::last ()
{
  return last_t;
}



template <typename OPERAND>
bool eval_comparison (const OPERAND& lhs, const token* op, const OPERAND& rhs)
{
  if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "<=")
    { return lhs <= rhs; }
  else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == ">=")
    { return lhs >= rhs; }
  else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "<")
    { return lhs < rhs; }
  else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == ">")
    { return lhs > rhs; }
  else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "==")
    { return lhs == rhs; }
  else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "!=")
    { return lhs != rhs; }
  else
    throw parse_error ("expected comparison operator", op);
}


// Here, we perform on-the-fly preprocessing.
// The basic form is %( CONDITION %? THEN-TOKENS %: ELSE-TOKENS %)
// where CONDITION is: kernel_v[r] COMPARISON-OP "version-string"
//                 or: arch COMPARISON-OP "arch-string"
//                 or: "string1" COMPARISON-OP "string2"
//                 or: number1 COMPARISON-OP number2
// The %: ELSE-TOKENS part is optional.
//
// e.g. %( kernel_v > "2.5" %? "foo" %: "baz" %)
// e.g. %( arch != "i?86" %? "foo" %: "baz" %)
//
// Up to an entire %( ... %) expression is processed by a single call
// to this function.  Tokens included by any nested conditions are
// enqueued in a private vector.

bool eval_pp_conditional (systemtap_session& s,
                          const token* l, const token* op, const token* r)
{
  if (l->type == tok_identifier && (l->content == "kernel_v" ||
                                    l->content == "kernel_vr"))
    {
      string target_kernel_vr = s.kernel_release;
      string target_kernel_v = s.kernel_base_release;

      if (! (r->type == tok_string))
        throw parse_error ("expected string literal", r);

      string target = (l->content == "kernel_vr" ?
                       target_kernel_vr.c_str() :
                       target_kernel_v.c_str());
      string query = r->content;
      bool rhs_wildcard = (strpbrk (query.c_str(), "*?[") != 0);

      // collect acceptable strverscmp results.
      int rvc_ok1, rvc_ok2;
      bool wc_ok = false;
      if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "<=")
        { rvc_ok1 = -1; rvc_ok2 = 0; }
      else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == ">=")
        { rvc_ok1 = 1; rvc_ok2 = 0; }
      else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "<")
        { rvc_ok1 = -1; rvc_ok2 = -1; }
      else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == ">")
        { rvc_ok1 = 1; rvc_ok2 = 1; }
      else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "==")
        { rvc_ok1 = 0; rvc_ok2 = 0; wc_ok = true; }
      else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "!=")
        { rvc_ok1 = -1; rvc_ok2 = 1; wc_ok = true; }
      else
        throw parse_error ("expected comparison operator", op);

      if ((!wc_ok) && rhs_wildcard)
        throw parse_error ("wildcard not allowed with order comparison operators", op);

      if (rhs_wildcard)
        {
          int rvc_result = fnmatch (query.c_str(), target.c_str(),
                                    FNM_NOESCAPE); // spooky
          bool badness = (rvc_result == 0) ^ (op->content == "==");
          return !badness;
        }
      else
        {
          int rvc_result = strverscmp (target.c_str(), query.c_str());
          // normalize rvc_result
          if (rvc_result < 0) rvc_result = -1;
          if (rvc_result > 0) rvc_result = 1;
          return (rvc_result == rvc_ok1 || rvc_result == rvc_ok2);
        }
    }
  else if (l->type == tok_identifier && l->content == "arch")
    {
      string target_architecture = s.architecture;
      if (! (r->type == tok_string))
        throw parse_error ("expected string literal", r);
      string query_architecture = r->content;

      int nomatch = fnmatch (query_architecture.c_str(),
                             target_architecture.c_str(),
                             FNM_NOESCAPE); // still spooky

      bool result;
      if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "==")
        result = !nomatch;
      else if (op->type == tok_operator && op->content == "!=")
        result = nomatch;
      else
        throw parse_error ("expected '==' or '!='", op);

      return result;
    }
  else if (l->type == tok_string && r->type == tok_string)
    {
      string lhs = l->content;
      string rhs = r->content;
      return eval_comparison (lhs, op, rhs);
      // NB: no wildcarding option here
    }
  else if (l->type == tok_number && r->type == tok_number)
    {
      int64_t lhs = lex_cast<int64_t>(l->content);
      int64_t rhs = lex_cast<int64_t>(r->content);
      return eval_comparison (lhs, op, rhs);
      // NB: no wildcarding option here
    }
  else if (l->type == tok_string && r->type == tok_number
	    && op->type == tok_operator)
    throw parse_error ("expected string literal as right value", r);
  else if (l->type == tok_number && r->type == tok_string
	    && op->type == tok_operator)
    throw parse_error ("expected number literal as right value", r);

  // XXX: support other forms?  "CONFIG_SMP" ?

  else
    throw parse_error ("expected 'arch' or 'kernel_v' or 'kernel_vr'\n"
		       "             or comparison between strings or integers", l);
}


// Only tokens corresponding to the TRUE statement must be expanded
const token*
parser::scan_pp (bool wildcard)
{
  while (true)
    {
      if (enqueued_pp.size() > 0)
        {
          const token* t = enqueued_pp[0];
          enqueued_pp.erase (enqueued_pp.begin());
          return t;
        }

      const token* t = input.scan (wildcard); // NB: not recursive!
      if (t == 0) // EOF
        return t;

      if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "%(")) // ordinary token
        return t;

      // We have a %( - it's time to throw a preprocessing party!

      bool result = false;
      bool and_result = true;
      const token *n = NULL;
      do {
        const token *l, *op, *r;
        l = input.scan (false); // NB: not recursive, though perhaps could be
        op = input.scan (false);
        r = input.scan (false);
        if (l == 0 || op == 0 || r == 0)
          throw parse_error ("incomplete condition after '%('", t);
        // NB: consider generalizing to consume all tokens until %?, and
        // passing that as a vector to an evaluator.

        // Do not evaluate the condition if we haven't expanded everything.
        // This may occur when having several recursive conditionals.
        and_result &= eval_pp_conditional (session, l, op, r);
        delete l;
        delete op;
        delete r;
        delete n;

        n = input.scan ();
        if (n && n->type == tok_operator && n->content == "&&")
          continue;
        result |= and_result;
        and_result = true;
        if (! (n && n->type == tok_operator && n->content == "||"))
          break;
      } while (true);

      /*
      clog << "PP eval (" << *t << ") == " << result << endl;
      */

      const token *m = n; // NB: not recursive
      if (! (m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%?"))
        throw parse_error ("expected '%?' marker for conditional", t);
      delete m; // "%?"

      vector<const token*> my_enqueued_pp;

      int nesting = 0;
      while (true) // consume THEN tokens
        {
          try
            {
              m = result ? scan_pp (wildcard) : input.scan (wildcard);
            }
          catch (const parse_error &e)
            {
              if (result) throw e; // propagate errors if THEN branch taken
              continue;
            }

          if (m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%(") // nested %(
            nesting ++;
          if (nesting == 0 && m && (m->type == tok_operator && (m->content == "%:" || // ELSE
                                                                m->content == "%)"))) // END
            break;
          if (nesting && m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%)") // nested %)
            nesting --;

          if (!m)
            throw parse_error ("incomplete conditional - missing '%:' or '%)'", t);
          if (result)
            my_enqueued_pp.push_back (m);
          if (!result)
            delete m; // do nothing, just dispose of unkept THEN token

          continue;
        }

      if (m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%:") // ELSE
        {
          delete m; // "%:"
          int nesting = 0;
          while (true)
            {
              try
                {
                  m = result ? input.scan (wildcard) : scan_pp (wildcard);
                }
              catch (const parse_error& e)
                {
                  if (!result) throw e; // propagate errors if ELSE branch taken
                  continue;
                }

              if (m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%(") // nested %(
                nesting ++;
              if (nesting == 0 && m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%)") // END
                break;
              if (nesting && m && m->type == tok_operator && m->content == "%)") // nested %)
                nesting --;

              if (!m)
                throw parse_error ("incomplete conditional - missing %)", t);
              if (!result)
                my_enqueued_pp.push_back (m);
              if (result)
                delete m; // do nothing, just dispose of unkept ELSE token

              continue;
            }
        }

      /*
      clog << "PP eval (" << *t << ") == " << result << " tokens: " << endl;
      for (unsigned k=0; k<my_enqueued_pp.size(); k++)
        clog << * my_enqueued_pp[k] << endl;
      clog << endl;
      */

      delete t; // "%("
      delete m; // "%)"


      // NB: we transcribe the retained tokens here, and not inside
      // the THEN/ELSE while loops.  If it were done there, each loop
      // would become infinite (each iteration consuming an ordinary
      // token the previous one just pushed there).  Guess how I
      // figured that out.
      enqueued_pp.insert (enqueued_pp.end(),
                          my_enqueued_pp.begin(),
                          my_enqueued_pp.end());

      // Go back to outermost while(true) loop.  We hope that at least
      // some THEN or ELSE tokens were enqueued.  If not, around we go
      // again, until EOF.
    }
}


const token*
parser::next (bool wildcard)
{
  if (! next_t)
    next_t = scan_pp (wildcard);
  if (! next_t)
    throw parse_error ("unexpected end-of-file");

  last_t = next_t;
  // advance by zeroing next_t
  next_t = 0;
  return last_t;
}


const token*
parser::peek (bool wildcard)
{
  if (! next_t)
    next_t = scan_pp (wildcard);

  // don't advance by zeroing next_t
  last_t = next_t;
  return next_t;
}


static inline bool
tok_is(token const * t, token_type tt, string const & expected)
{
  return t && t->type == tt && t->content == expected;
}


const token*
parser::expect_known (token_type tt, string const & expected)
{
  const token *t = next();
  if (! (t && t->type == tt && t->content == expected))
    throw parse_error ("expected '" + expected + "'");
  return t;
}


const token*
parser::expect_unknown (token_type tt, string & target)
{
  const token *t = next();
  if (!(t && t->type == tt))
    throw parse_error ("expected " + tt2str(tt));
  target = t->content;
  return t;
}


const token*
parser::expect_unknown2 (token_type tt1, token_type tt2, string & target)
{
  const token *t = next();
  if (!(t && (t->type == tt1 || t->type == tt2)))
    throw parse_error ("expected " + tt2str(tt1) + " or " + tt2str(tt2));
  target = t->content;
  return t;
}


const token*
parser::expect_op (std::string const & expected)
{
  return expect_known (tok_operator, expected);
}


const token*
parser::expect_kw (std::string const & expected)
{
  return expect_known (tok_identifier, expected);
}

const token*
parser::expect_number (int64_t & value)
{
  bool neg = false;
  const token *t = next();
  if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "-")
    {
      neg = true;
      t = next ();
    }
  if (!(t && t->type == tok_number))
    throw parse_error ("expected number");

  const char* startp = t->content.c_str ();
  char* endp = (char*) startp;

  // NB: we allow controlled overflow from LLONG_MIN .. ULLONG_MAX
  // Actually, this allows all the way from -ULLONG_MAX to ULLONG_MAX,
  // since the lexer only gives us positive digit strings, but we'll
  // limit it to LLONG_MIN when a '-' operator is fed into the literal.
  errno = 0;
  value = (int64_t) strtoull (startp, & endp, 0);
  if (errno == ERANGE || errno == EINVAL || *endp != '\0'
      || (neg && (unsigned long long) value > 9223372036854775808ULL)
      || (unsigned long long) value > 18446744073709551615ULL
      || value < -9223372036854775807LL-1)
    throw parse_error ("number invalid or out of range");

  if (neg)
    value = -value;

  return t;
}


const token*
parser::expect_ident (std::string & target)
{
  return expect_unknown (tok_identifier, target);
}


const token*
parser::expect_ident_or_keyword (std::string & target)
{
  return expect_unknown2 (tok_identifier, tok_keyword, target);
}


bool
parser::peek_op (std::string const & op)
{
  return tok_is (peek(), tok_operator, op);
}


bool
parser::peek_kw (std::string const & kw)
{
  return tok_is (peek(), tok_identifier, kw);
}



lexer::lexer (istream& input, const string& in, systemtap_session& s):
  input_name (in), input_pointer (0), input_end (0),
  cursor_suspend_count(0), cursor_line (1), cursor_column (1),
  session(s), current_file (0)
{
  getline(input, input_contents, '\0');

  input_pointer = input_contents.data();
  input_end = input_contents.data() + input_contents.size();

  if (keywords.empty())
    {
      keywords.insert("probe");
      keywords.insert("global");
      keywords.insert("function");
      keywords.insert("if");
      keywords.insert("else");
      keywords.insert("for");
      keywords.insert("foreach");
      keywords.insert("in");
      keywords.insert("limit");
      keywords.insert("return");
      keywords.insert("delete");
      keywords.insert("while");
      keywords.insert("break");
      keywords.insert("continue");
      keywords.insert("next");
      keywords.insert("string");
      keywords.insert("long");
    }
}

set<string> lexer::keywords;

void
lexer::set_current_file (stapfile* f)
{
  current_file = f;
  if (f)
    {
      f->file_contents = input_contents;
      f->name = input_name;
    }
}

int
lexer::input_peek (unsigned n)
{
  if (input_pointer + n >= input_end)
    return -1; // EOF
  return (unsigned char)*(input_pointer + n);
}


int
lexer::input_get ()
{
  int c = input_peek();
  if (c < 0) return c; // EOF

  ++input_pointer;

  if (cursor_suspend_count)
    // Track effect of input_put: preserve previous cursor/line_column
    // until all of its characters are consumed.
    cursor_suspend_count --;
  else
    {
      // update source cursor
      if (c == '\n')
        {
          cursor_line ++;
          cursor_column = 1;
        }
      else
        cursor_column ++;
    }

  // clog << "[" << (char)c << "]";
  return c;
}


void
lexer::input_put (const string& chars)
{
  size_t pos = input_pointer - input_contents.data();
  // clog << "[put:" << chars << " @" << pos << "]";
  input_contents.insert (pos, chars);
  cursor_suspend_count += chars.size();
  input_pointer = input_contents.data() + pos;
  input_end = input_contents.data() + input_contents.size();
}


token*
lexer::scan (bool wildcard)
{
  token* n = new token;
  n->location.file = current_file;

  unsigned semiskipped_p = 0;

 skip:
  n->location.line = cursor_line;
  n->location.column = cursor_column;

 semiskip:
  if (semiskipped_p > 1)
    {
      input_get ();
      throw parse_error ("invalid nested substitution of command line arguments");
    }

  int c = input_get();
  // clog << "{" << (char)c << (char)c2 << "}";
  if (c < 0)
    {
      delete n;
      return 0;
    }

  if (isspace (c))
    goto skip;

  int c2 = input_peek ();

  // Paste command line arguments as character streams into
  // the beginning of a token.  $1..$999 go through as raw
  // characters; @1..@999 are quoted/escaped as strings.
  // $# and @# expand to the number of arguments, similarly
  // raw or quoted.
  if ((c == '$' || c == '@') &&
      (c2 == '#'))
    {
      input_get(); // swallow '#'
      stringstream converter;
      converter << session.args.size ();
      if (c == '$') input_put (converter.str());
      else input_put (lex_cast_qstring (converter.str()));
      semiskipped_p ++;
      goto semiskip;
    }
  else if ((c == '$' || c == '@') &&
           (isdigit (c2)))
    {
      unsigned idx = 0;
      do
        {
          input_get ();
          idx = (idx * 10) + (c2 - '0');
          c2 = input_peek ();
        } while (c2 > 0 &&
                 isdigit (c2) &&
                 idx <= session.args.size()); // prevent overflow
      if (idx == 0 ||
          idx-1 >= session.args.size())
        throw parse_error ("command line argument index " + lex_cast(idx)
                           + " out of range [1-" + lex_cast(session.args.size()) + "]", n);
      string arg = session.args[idx-1];
      if (c == '$') input_put (arg);
      else input_put (lex_cast_qstring (arg));
      semiskipped_p ++;
      goto semiskip;
    }

  else if (isalpha (c) || c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '_' ||
	   (wildcard && c == '*'))
    {
      n->type = tok_identifier;
      n->content = (char) c;
      while (isalnum (c2) || c2 == '_' || c2 == '$' ||
	     (wildcard && c2 == '*'))
	{
          input_get ();
          n->content.push_back (c2);
          c2 = input_peek ();
        }

      if (keywords.count(n->content))
        n->type = tok_keyword;

      return n;
    }

  else if (isdigit (c)) // positive literal
    {
      n->type = tok_number;
      n->content = (char) c;

      while (isalnum (c2))
	{
          // NB: isalnum is very permissive.  We rely on strtol, called in
          // parser::parse_literal below, to confirm that the number string
          // is correctly formatted and in range.

          input_get ();
          n->content.push_back (c2);
          c2 = input_peek ();
	}
      return n;
    }

  else if (c == '\"')
    {
      n->type = tok_string;
      while (1)
	{
	  c = input_get ();

	  if (c < 0 || c == '\n')
	    {
	      n->type = tok_junk;
	      break;
	    }
	  if (c == '\"') // closing double-quotes
	    break;
	  else if (c == '\\') // see also input_put
	    {
	      c = input_get ();
	      switch (c)
		{
		case 'a':
		case 'b':
		case 't':
		case 'n':
		case 'v':
		case 'f':
		case 'r':
		case '0' ... '7': // NB: need only match the first digit
		case '\\':
		  // Pass these escapes through to the string value
		  // being parsed; it will be emitted into a C literal.

		  n->content.push_back('\\');

                  // fall through
		default:
		  n->content.push_back(c);
		  break;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    n->content.push_back(c);
	}
      return n;
    }

  else if (ispunct (c))
    {
      int c3 = input_peek (1);

      // NB: if we were to recognize negative numeric literals here,
      // we'd introduce another grammar ambiguity:
      // 1-1 would be parsed as tok_number(1) and tok_number(-1)
      // instead of tok_number(1) tok_operator('-') tok_number(1)

      if (c == '#') // shell comment
        {
          unsigned this_line = cursor_line;
          do { c = input_get (); }
          while (c >= 0 && cursor_line == this_line);
          goto skip;
        }
      else if ((c == '/' && c2 == '/')) // C++ comment
        {
          unsigned this_line = cursor_line;
          do { c = input_get (); }
          while (c >= 0 && cursor_line == this_line);
          goto skip;
        }
      else if (c == '/' && c2 == '*') // C comment
	{
          (void) input_get (); // swallow '*' already in c2
          c = input_get ();
          c2 = input_get ();
          while (c2 >= 0)
            {
              if (c == '*' && c2 == '/')
                break;
              c = c2;
              c2 = input_get ();
            }
          goto skip;
	}
      else if (c == '%' && c2 == '{') // embedded code
        {
          n->type = tok_embedded;
          (void) input_get (); // swallow '{' already in c2
          c = input_get ();
          c2 = input_get ();
          while (c2 >= 0)
            {
              if (c == '%' && c2 == '}')
                return n;
              n->content += c;
              c = c2;
              c2 = input_get ();
            }
          n->type = tok_junk;
          return n;
        }

      // We're committed to recognizing at least the first character
      // as an operator.
      n->type = tok_operator;
      n->content = c;

      // match all valid operators, in decreasing size order
      if ((c == '<' && c2 == '<' && c3 == '<') ||
          (c == '<' && c2 == '<' && c3 == '=') ||
          (c == '>' && c2 == '>' && c3 == '='))
        {
          n->content += c2;
          n->content += c3;
          input_get (); input_get (); // swallow other two characters
        }
      else if ((c == '=' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '!' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '<' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '>' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '+' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '-' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '*' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '/' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '%' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '&' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '^' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '|' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '.' && c2 == '=') ||
               (c == '&' && c2 == '&') ||
               (c == '|' && c2 == '|') ||
               (c == '+' && c2 == '+') ||
               (c == '-' && c2 == '-') ||
               (c == '-' && c2 == '>') ||
               (c == '<' && c2 == '<') ||
               (c == '>' && c2 == '>') ||
               // preprocessor tokens
               (c == '%' && c2 == '(') ||
               (c == '%' && c2 == '?') ||
               (c == '%' && c2 == ':') ||
               (c == '%' && c2 == ')'))
        {
          n->content += c2;
          input_get (); // swallow other character
        }

      return n;
    }

  else
    {
      n->type = tok_junk;
      n->content = (char) c;
      return n;
    }
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

stapfile*
parser::parse ()
{
  stapfile* f = new stapfile;
  input.set_current_file (f);

  bool empty = true;

  while (1)
    {
      try
	{
	  const token* t = peek ();
	  if (! t) // nice clean EOF
	    break;

          empty = false;
	  if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "probe")
	    {
	      context = con_probe;
	      parse_probe (f->probes, f->aliases);
	    }
	  else if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "global")
	    {
	      context = con_global;
	      parse_global (f->globals, f->probes);
	    }
	  else if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "function")
	    {
	      context = con_function;
	      parse_functiondecl (f->functions);
	    }
          else if (t->type == tok_embedded)
	    {
	      context = con_embedded;
	      f->embeds.push_back (parse_embeddedcode ());
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      context = con_unknown;
	      throw parse_error ("expected 'probe', 'global', 'function', or '%{'");
	    }
	}
      catch (parse_error& pe)
	{
	  print_error (pe);
          if (pe.skip_some) // for recovery
            try
              {
                // Quietly swallow all tokens until the next '}'.
                while (1)
                  {
                    const token* t = peek ();
                    if (! t)
                      break;
                    next ();
                    if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "}")
                      break;
                  }
              }
            catch (parse_error& pe2)
              {
                // parse error during recovery ... ugh
                print_error (pe2);
              }
        }
    }

  if (empty)
    {
      cerr << "Input file '" << input_name << "' is empty or missing." << endl;
      delete f;
      f = 0;
    }
  else if (num_errors > 0)
    {
      cerr << num_errors << " parse error(s)." << endl;
      delete f;
      f = 0;
    }

  input.set_current_file(0);
  return f;
}


void
parser::parse_probe (std::vector<probe *> & probe_ret,
		     std::vector<probe_alias *> & alias_ret)
{
  const token* t0 = next ();
  if (! (t0->type == tok_keyword && t0->content == "probe"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'probe'");

  vector<probe_point *> aliases;
  vector<probe_point *> locations;

  bool equals_ok = true;

  int epilogue_alias = 0;

  while (1)
    {
      probe_point * pp = parse_probe_point ();

      const token* t = peek ();
      if (equals_ok && t
          && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "=")
        {
          if (pp->optional || pp->sufficient)
            throw parse_error ("probe point alias name cannot be optional nor sufficient", pp->tok);
          aliases.push_back(pp);
          next ();
          continue;
        }
      else if (equals_ok && t
          && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "+=")
        {
          if (pp->optional || pp->sufficient)
            throw parse_error ("probe point alias name cannot be optional nor sufficient", pp->tok);
          aliases.push_back(pp);
          epilogue_alias = 1;
          next ();
          continue;
        }
      else if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ",")
        {
          locations.push_back(pp);
          equals_ok = false;
          next ();
          continue;
        }
      else if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "{")
        {
          locations.push_back(pp);
          break;
        }
      else
	throw parse_error ("expected probe point specifier");
    }

  if (aliases.empty())
    {
      probe* p = new probe;
      p->tok = t0;
      p->locations = locations;
      p->body = parse_stmt_block ();
      p->privileged = privileged;
      probe_ret.push_back (p);
    }
  else
    {
      probe_alias* p = new probe_alias (aliases);
      if(epilogue_alias)
	p->epilogue_style = true;
      else
	p->epilogue_style = false;
      p->tok = t0;
      p->locations = locations;
      p->body = parse_stmt_block ();
      p->privileged = privileged;
      alias_ret.push_back (p);
    }
}


embeddedcode*
parser::parse_embeddedcode ()
{
  embeddedcode* e = new embeddedcode;
  const token* t = next ();
  if (t->type != tok_embedded)
    throw parse_error ("expected '%{'");

  if (! privileged)
    throw parse_error ("embedded code in unprivileged script",
                       false /* don't skip tokens for parse resumption */);

  e->tok = t;
  e->code = t->content;
  return e;
}


block*
parser::parse_stmt_block ()
{
  block* pb = new block;

  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "{"))
    throw parse_error ("expected '{'");

  pb->tok = t;

  while (1)
    {
      try
	{
	  t = peek ();
	  if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "}")
	    {
	      next ();
	      break;
	    }

          pb->statements.push_back (parse_statement ());
	}
      catch (parse_error& pe)
	{
	  print_error (pe);

	  // Quietly swallow all tokens until the next ';' or '}'.
	  while (1)
	    {
	      const token* t = peek ();
	      if (! t) return 0;
	      next ();
	      if (t->type == tok_operator
                  && (t->content == "}" || t->content == ";"))
		break;
	    }
	}
    }

  return pb;
}


statement*
parser::parse_statement ()
{
  const token* t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ";")
    {
      null_statement* n = new null_statement ();
      n->tok = next ();
      return n;
    }
  else if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "{")
    return parse_stmt_block ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "if")
    return parse_if_statement ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "for")
    return parse_for_loop ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "foreach")
    return parse_foreach_loop ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "return")
    return parse_return_statement ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "delete")
    return parse_delete_statement ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "while")
    return parse_while_loop ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "break")
    return parse_break_statement ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "continue")
    return parse_continue_statement ();
  else if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "next")
    return parse_next_statement ();
  // XXX: "do/while" statement?
  else if (t && (t->type == tok_operator || // expressions are flexible
                 t->type == tok_identifier ||
                 t->type == tok_number ||
                 t->type == tok_string))
    return parse_expr_statement ();
  // XXX: consider generally accepting tok_embedded here too
  else
    throw parse_error ("expected statement");
}


void
parser::parse_global (vector <vardecl*>& globals, vector<probe*>&)
{
  const token* t0 = next ();
  if (! (t0->type == tok_keyword && t0->content == "global"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'global'");

  while (1)
    {
      const token* t = next ();
      if (! (t->type == tok_identifier))
        throw parse_error ("expected identifier");

      for (unsigned i=0; i<globals.size(); i++)
	if (globals[i]->name == t->content)
	  throw parse_error ("duplicate global name");

      vardecl* d = new vardecl;
      d->name = t->content;
      d->tok = t;
      globals.push_back (d);

      t = peek ();

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "[") // array size
	{
	  int64_t size;
	  next ();
	  expect_number(size);
	  if (size <= 0 || size > 1000000) // arbitrary max
	    throw parse_error("array size out of range");
	  d->maxsize = (int)size;
	  expect_known(tok_operator, "]");
	  t = peek ();
	}

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "=") // initialization
	{
	  if (!d->compatible_arity(0))
	    throw parse_error("only scalar globals can be initialized");
	  d->set_arity(0);
	  next ();
	  d->init = parse_literal ();
	  d->type = d->init->type;
	  t = peek ();
	}

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ";") // termination
	  next();

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ",") // next global
	{
	  next ();
	  continue;
	}
      else
	break;
    }
}


void
parser::parse_functiondecl (std::vector<functiondecl*>& functions)
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "function"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'function'");


  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_identifier)
      && ! (t->type == tok_keyword
	    && (t->content == "string" || t->content == "long")))
    throw parse_error ("expected identifier");

  for (unsigned i=0; i<functions.size(); i++)
    if (functions[i]->name == t->content)
      throw parse_error ("duplicate function name");

  functiondecl *fd = new functiondecl ();
  fd->name = t->content;
  fd->tok = t;

  t = next ();
  if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ":")
    {
      t = next ();
      if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "string")
	fd->type = pe_string;
      else if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "long")
	fd->type = pe_long;
      else throw parse_error ("expected 'string' or 'long'");

      t = next ();
    }

  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "("))
    throw parse_error ("expected '('");

  while (1)
    {
      t = next ();

      // permit zero-argument fuctions
      if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")")
        break;
      else if (! (t->type == tok_identifier))
	throw parse_error ("expected identifier");
      vardecl* vd = new vardecl;
      vd->name = t->content;
      vd->tok = t;
      fd->formal_args.push_back (vd);

      t = next ();
      if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ":")
	{
	  t = next ();
	  if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "string")
	    vd->type = pe_string;
	  else if (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "long")
	    vd->type = pe_long;
	  else throw parse_error ("expected 'string' or 'long'");

	  t = next ();
	}
      if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")")
	break;
      if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ",")
	continue;
      else
	throw parse_error ("expected ',' or ')'");
    }

  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_embedded)
    fd->body = parse_embeddedcode ();
  else
    fd->body = parse_stmt_block ();

  functions.push_back (fd);
}


probe_point*
parser::parse_probe_point ()
{
  probe_point* pl = new probe_point;

  while (1)
    {
      const token* t = next (true); // wildcard scanning here
      if (! (t->type == tok_identifier
	     // we must allow ".return" and ".function", which are keywords
	     || t->type == tok_keyword))
        throw parse_error ("expected identifier or '*'");

      if (pl->tok == 0) pl->tok = t;

      probe_point::component* c = new probe_point::component;
      c->functor = t->content;
      pl->components.push_back (c);
      // NB we may add c->arg soon

      t = peek ();

      // consume optional parameter
      if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "(")
        {
          next (); // consume "("
          c->arg = parse_literal ();

          t = next ();
          if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")"))
            throw parse_error ("expected ')'");

          t = peek ();
        }

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ".")
        {
          next ();
          continue;
        }

      // We only fall through here at the end of a probe point (past
      // all the dotted/parametrized components).

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator &&
          (t->content == "?" || t->content == "!"))
        {
          pl->optional = true;
          if (t->content == "!") pl->sufficient = true;
          // NB: sufficient implies optional
          next ();
          t = peek ();
          // fall through
        }

      if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "if")
        {
          next ();
          t = peek ();
          if (t && ! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "("))
            throw parse_error ("expected '('");
          next ();

          pl->condition = parse_expression ();

          t = peek ();
          if (t && ! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")"))
            throw parse_error ("expected ')'");
          next ();
          t = peek ();
          // fall through
        }

      if (t && t->type == tok_operator
          && (t->content == "{" || t->content == "," ||
              t->content == "=" || t->content == "+=" ))
        break;

      throw parse_error ("expected one of '. , ( ? ! { = +='");
    }

  return pl;
}


literal*
parser::parse_literal ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  literal* l;
  if (t->type == tok_string)
    l = new literal_string (t->content);
  else
    {
      bool neg = false;
      if (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "-")
	{
	  neg = true;
	  t = next ();
	}

      if (t->type == tok_number)
	{
	  const char* startp = t->content.c_str ();
	  char* endp = (char*) startp;

	  // NB: we allow controlled overflow from LLONG_MIN .. ULLONG_MAX
	  // Actually, this allows all the way from -ULLONG_MAX to ULLONG_MAX,
	  // since the lexer only gives us positive digit strings, but we'll
	  // limit it to LLONG_MIN when a '-' operator is fed into the literal.
	  errno = 0;
	  long long value = (long long) strtoull (startp, & endp, 0);
	  if (errno == ERANGE || errno == EINVAL || *endp != '\0'
	      || (neg && (unsigned long long) value > 9223372036854775808ULL)
	      || (unsigned long long) value > 18446744073709551615ULL
	      || value < -9223372036854775807LL-1)
	    throw parse_error ("number invalid or out of range");

	  if (neg)
	    value = -value;

	  l = new literal_number (value);
	}
      else
	throw parse_error ("expected literal string or number");
    }

  l->tok = t;
  return l;
}


if_statement*
parser::parse_if_statement ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "if"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'if'");
  if_statement* s = new if_statement;
  s->tok = t;

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "("))
    throw parse_error ("expected '('");

  s->condition = parse_expression ();

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")"))
    throw parse_error ("expected ')'");

  s->thenblock = parse_statement ();

  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "else")
    {
      next ();
      s->elseblock = parse_statement ();
    }
  else
    s->elseblock = 0; // in case not otherwise initialized

  return s;
}


expr_statement*
parser::parse_expr_statement ()
{
  expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
  const token* t = peek ();
  es->tok = t;
  es->value = parse_expression ();
  return es;
}


return_statement*
parser::parse_return_statement ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "return"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'return'");
  if (context != con_function)
    throw parse_error ("found 'return' not in function context");
  return_statement* s = new return_statement;
  s->tok = t;
  s->value = parse_expression ();
  return s;
}


delete_statement*
parser::parse_delete_statement ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "delete"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'delete'");
  delete_statement* s = new delete_statement;
  s->tok = t;
  s->value = parse_expression ();
  return s;
}


next_statement*
parser::parse_next_statement ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "next"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'next'");
  if (context != con_probe)
    throw parse_error ("found 'next' not in probe context");
  next_statement* s = new next_statement;
  s->tok = t;
  return s;
}


break_statement*
parser::parse_break_statement ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "break"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'break'");
  break_statement* s = new break_statement;
  s->tok = t;
  return s;
}


continue_statement*
parser::parse_continue_statement ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "continue"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'continue'");
  continue_statement* s = new continue_statement;
  s->tok = t;
  return s;
}


for_loop*
parser::parse_for_loop ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "for"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'for'");
  for_loop* s = new for_loop;
  s->tok = t;

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "("))
    throw parse_error ("expected '('");

  // initializer + ";"
  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ";")
    {
      s->init = 0;
      next ();
    }
  else
    {
      s->init = parse_expr_statement ();
      t = next ();
      if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ";"))
	throw parse_error ("expected ';'");
    }

  // condition + ";"
  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ";")
    {
      literal_number* l = new literal_number(1);
      s->cond = l;
      s->cond->tok = next ();
    }
  else
    {
      s->cond = parse_expression ();
      t = next ();
      if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ";"))
	throw parse_error ("expected ';'");
    }

  // increment + ")"
  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")")
    {
      s->incr = 0;
      next ();
    }
  else
    {
      s->incr = parse_expr_statement ();
      t = next ();
      if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")"))
	throw parse_error ("expected ')'");
    }

  // block
  s->block = parse_statement ();

  return s;
}


for_loop*
parser::parse_while_loop ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "while"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'while'");
  for_loop* s = new for_loop;
  s->tok = t;

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "("))
    throw parse_error ("expected '('");

  // dummy init and incr fields
  s->init = 0;
  s->incr = 0;

  // condition
  s->cond = parse_expression ();

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")"))
    throw parse_error ("expected ')'");

  // block
  s->block = parse_statement ();

  return s;
}


foreach_loop*
parser::parse_foreach_loop ()
{
  const token* t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "foreach"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'foreach'");
  foreach_loop* s = new foreach_loop;
  s->tok = t;
  s->sort_direction = 0;
  s->limit = NULL;

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "("))
    throw parse_error ("expected '('");

  // see also parse_array_in

  bool parenthesized = false;
  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "[")
    {
      next ();
      parenthesized = true;
    }

  while (1)
    {
      t = next ();
      if (! (t->type == tok_identifier))
        throw parse_error ("expected identifier");
      symbol* sym = new symbol;
      sym->tok = t;
      sym->name = t->content;
      s->indexes.push_back (sym);

      t = peek ();
      if (t && t->type == tok_operator &&
	  (t->content == "+" || t->content == "-"))
	{
	  if (s->sort_direction)
	    throw parse_error ("multiple sort directives");
	  s->sort_direction = (t->content == "+") ? 1 : -1;
	  s->sort_column = s->indexes.size();
	  next();
	}

      if (parenthesized)
        {
          t = peek ();
          if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ",")
            {
              next ();
              continue;
            }
          else if (t && t->type == tok_operator && t->content == "]")
            {
              next ();
              break;
            }
          else
            throw parse_error ("expected ',' or ']'");
        }
      else
        break; // expecting only one expression
    }

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_keyword && t->content == "in"))
    throw parse_error ("expected 'in'");

  s->base = parse_indexable();

  t = peek ();
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator &&
      (t->content == "+" || t->content == "-"))
    {
      if (s->sort_direction)
	throw parse_error ("multiple sort directives");
      s->sort_direction = (t->content == "+") ? 1 : -1;
      s->sort_column = 0;
      next();
    }

  t = peek ();
  if (tok_is(t, tok_keyword, "limit"))
    {
      next ();				// get past the "limit"
      s->limit = parse_expression ();
    }

  t = next ();
  if (! (t->type == tok_operator && t->content == ")"))
    throw parse_error ("expected ')'");

  s->block = parse_statement ();
  return s;
}


expression*
parser::parse_expression ()
{
  return parse_assignment ();
}


expression*
parser::parse_assignment ()
{
  expression* op1 = parse_ternary ();

  const token* t = peek ();
  // right-associative operators
  if (t && t->type == tok_operator
      && (t->content == "=" ||
	  t->content == "<<<" ||
	  t->content == "+=" ||
	  t->content == "-=" ||
	  t->content == "*=" ||
	  t->content == "/=" ||
	  t->content == "%=" ||
	  t->content == "<<=" ||
	  t->content == ">>=" ||
	  t->content == "&=" ||
	  t->content == "^=" ||


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