/* * (C) Copyright 2003 Stefan Roese, stefan.roese@esd-electronics.com * * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this * project. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, * MA 02111-1307 USA */ #ifndef _universe_h #define _universe_h typedef struct _UNIVERSE UNIVERSE; typedef struct _SLAVE_IMAGE SLAVE_IMAGE; typedef struct _TDMA_CMD_PACKET TDMA_CMD_PACKET; struct _SLAVE_IMAGE { unsigned int ctl; /* Control */ unsigned int bs; /* Base */ unsigned int bd; /* Bound */ unsigned int to; /* Translation */ unsigned int reserved; }; struct _UNIVERSE { unsigned int pci_id; unsigned int pci_csr; unsigned int pci_class; unsigned int pci_misc0; unsigned int pci_bs; unsigned int spare0[10]; unsigned int pci_misc1; unsigned int spare1[48]; SLAVE_IMAGE lsi[4]; unsigned int spare2[8]; unsigned int scyc_ctl; unsigned int scyc_addr; unsigned int scyc_en; unsigned int scyc_cmp; unsigned int scyc_swp; unsigned int lmisc; unsigned int slsi; unsigned int l_cmderr; unsigned int laerr; unsigned int spare3[27]; unsigned int dctl; unsigned int dtbc; unsigned int dla; unsigned int spare4[1]; unsigned int dva; unsigned int spare5[1]; unsigned int dcpp; unsigned int spare6[1]; unsigned int dgcs; unsigned int d_llue; unsigned int spare7[54]; unsigned int lint_en; unsigned int lint_stat; unsigned int lint_map0; unsigned int lint_map1; unsigned int vint_en; unsigned int vint_stat; unsigned int vint_map0; unsigned int vint_map1; unsigned int statid; unsigned int vx_statid[7]; unsigned int spare8[48]; unsigned int mast_ctl; unsigned int misc_ctl; unsigned int misc_stat; unsigned int user_am; unsigned int spare9[700]; SLAVE_IMAGE vsi[4]; unsigned int spare10[8]; unsigned int vrai_ctl; unsigned int vrai_bs; unsigned int spare11[2]; unsigned int vcsr_ctl; unsigned int vcsr_to; unsigned int v_amerr; unsigned int vaerr; unsigned int spare12[25]; unsigned int vcsr_clr; unsigned int vcsr_set; unsigned int vcsr_bs; }; #define IRQ_VOWN 0x0001 #define IRQ_VIRQ1 0x0002 #define IRQ_VIRQ2 0x0004 #define IRQ_VIRQ3 0x0008 #define IRQ_VIRQ4 0x0010 #define IRQ_VIRQ5 0x0020 #define IRQ_VIRQ6 0x0040 #define IRQ_VIRQ7 0x0080 #define IRQ_DMA 0x0100 #define IRQ_LERR 0x0200 #define IRQ_VERR 0x0400 #define IRQ_res 0x0800 #define IRQ_IACK 0x1000 #define IRQ_SWINT 0x2000 #define IRQ_SYSFAIL 0x4000 #define IRQ_ACFAIL 0x8000 struct _TDMA_CMD_PACKET { unsigned int dctl; /* DMA Control */ unsigned int dtbc; /* Transfer Byte Count */ unsigned int dlv; /* PCI Address */ unsigned int res1; /* Reserved */ unsigned int dva; /* Vme Address */ unsigned int res2; /* Reserved */ unsigned int dcpp; /* Pointer to Numed Cmd Packet with rPN */ unsigned int res3; /* Reserved */ }; #define VME_AM_A16 0x01 #define VME_AM_A24 0x02 #define VME_AM_A32 0x03 #define VME_AM_Axx 0x03 #define VME_AM_SUP 0x04 #define VME_AM_DATA 0x10 #define VME_AM_PROG 0x20 #define VME_AM_Mxx 0x30 #define VME_FLAG_D8 0x01 #define VME_FLAG_D16 0x02 #define VME_FLAG_D32 0x03 #define VME_FLAG_Dxx 0x03 #define PCI_MS_MEM 0x01 #define PCI_MS_IO 0x02 #define PCI_MS_CONFIG 0x03 #define PCI_MS_Mxx 0x03 #endif href='#n4'>4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620

require 'test/unit'

class TestIntegerComb < Test::Unit::TestCase
  VS = [
    -0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002,
    -0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001,
    -0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
    -0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff,
    -0x1000000000000000000000002,
    -0x1000000000000000000000001,
    -0x1000000000000000000000000,
    -0xffffffffffffffffffffffff,
    -0x10000000000000002,
    -0x10000000000000001,
    -0x10000000000000000,
    -0xffffffffffffffff,
    -0x4000000000000002,
    -0x4000000000000001,
    -0x4000000000000000,
    -0x3fffffffffffffff,
    -0x100000002,
    -0x100000001,
    -0x100000000,
    -0xffffffff,
    -0xc717a08d, # 0xc717a08d * 0x524b2245 = 0x4000000000000001
    -0x80000002,
    -0x80000001,
    -0x80000000,
    -0x7fffffff,
    -0x524b2245,
    -0x40000002,
    -0x40000001,
    -0x40000000,
    -0x3fffffff,
    -0x10002,
    -0x10001,
    -0x10000,
    -0xffff,
    -0x8101, # 0x8101 * 0x7f01 = 0x40000001
    -0x8002,
    -0x8001,
    -0x8000,
    -0x7fff,
    -0x7f01,
    -65,
    -64,
    -63,
    -62,
    -33,
    -32,
    -31,
    -30,
    -3,
    -2,
    -1,
    0,
    1,
    2,
    3,
    30,
    31,
    32,
    33,
    62,
    63,
    64,
    65,
    0x7f01,
    0x7ffe,
    0x7fff,
    0x8000,
    0x8001,
    0x8101,
    0xfffe,
    0xffff,
    0x10000,
    0x10001,
    0x3ffffffe,
    0x3fffffff,
    0x40000000,
    0x40000001,
    0x524b2245,
    0x7ffffffe,
    0x7fffffff,
    0x80000000,
    0x80000001,
    0xc717a08d,
    0xfffffffe,
    0xffffffff,
    0x100000000,
    0x100000001,
    0x3ffffffffffffffe,
    0x3fffffffffffffff,
    0x4000000000000000,
    0x4000000000000001,
    0xfffffffffffffffe,
    0xffffffffffffffff,
    0x10000000000000000,
    0x10000000000000001,
    0xffffffffffffffffffffffff,
    0x1000000000000000000000000,
    0x1000000000000000000000001,
    0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff,
    0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
    0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
  ]

  #VS.map! {|v| 0x4000000000000000.coerce(v)[0] }

  min = -1
  min *= 2 while min.class == Fixnum
  FIXNUM_MIN = min/2
  max = 1
  max *= 2 while (max-1).class == Fixnum
  FIXNUM_MAX = max/2-1

  def test_fixnum_range
    assert_instance_of(Bignum, FIXNUM_MIN-1)
    assert_instance_of(Fixnum, FIXNUM_MIN)
    assert_instance_of(Fixnum, FIXNUM_MAX)
    assert_instance_of(Bignum, FIXNUM_MAX+1)
  end

  def check_class(n)
    if FIXNUM_MIN <= n && n <= FIXNUM_MAX
      assert_instance_of(Fixnum, n)
    else
      assert_instance_of(Bignum, n)
    end
  end

  def test_aref
    VS.each {|a|
      100.times {|i|
        assert_equal((a >> i).odd? ? 1 : 0, a[i], "(#{a})[#{i}]")
      }
    }
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = nil
        assert_nothing_raised("(#{a})[#{b}]") { c = a[b] }
        check_class(c)
        if b < 0
          assert_equal(0, c, "(#{a})[#{b}]")
        else
          assert_equal((a >> b).odd? ? 1 : 0, c, "(#{a})[#{b}]")
        end
      }
    }
  end

  def test_plus
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = a + b
        check_class(c)
        assert_equal(b + a, c, "#{a} + #{b}")
        assert_equal(a, c - b, "(#{a} + #{b}) - #{b}")
        assert_equal(a-~b-1, c, "#{a} + #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal((a^b)+2*(a&b), c, "#{a} + #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal((a|b)+(a&b), c, "#{a} + #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal(2*(a|b)-(a^b), c, "#{a} + #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
      }
    }
  end

  def test_minus
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = a - b
        check_class(c)
        assert_equal(a, c + b, "(#{a} - #{b}) + #{b}")
        assert_equal(-b, c - a, "(#{a} - #{b}) - #{a}")
        assert_equal(a+~b+1, c, "#{a} - #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal((a^b)-2*(b&~a), c, "#{a} - #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal((a&~b)-(b&~a), c, "#{a} - #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal(2*(a&~b)-(a^b), c, "#{a} - #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
      }
    }
  end

  def test_mult
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = a * b
        check_class(c)
        assert_equal(b * a, c, "#{a} * #{b}")
        assert_equal(b, c / a, "(#{a} * #{b}) / #{a}") if a != 0
        assert_equal(a.abs * b.abs, (a * b).abs, "(#{a} * #{b}).abs")
        assert_equal((a-100)*(b-100)+(a-100)*100+(b-100)*100+10000, c, "#{a} * #{b}")
        assert_equal((a+100)*(b+100)-(a+100)*100-(b+100)*100+10000, c, "#{a} * #{b}")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_divmod
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        if b == 0
          assert_raise(ZeroDivisionError) { a.divmod(b) }
        else
          q, r = a.divmod(b)
          check_class(q)
          check_class(r)
          assert_equal(a, b*q+r)
          assert(r.abs < b.abs)
          assert(0 < b ? (0 <= r && r < b) : (b < r && r <= 0))
          assert_equal(q, a/b)
          assert_equal(q, a.div(b))
          assert_equal(r, a%b)
          assert_equal(r, a.modulo(b))
        end
      }
    }
  end

  def test_pow
    small_values = VS.find_all {|v| 0 <= v && v < 1000 }
    VS.each {|a|
      small_values.each {|b|
        c = a ** b
        check_class(c)
        d = 1
        b.times { d *= a }
        assert_equal(d, c, "(#{a}) ** #{b}")
        if a != 0
          d = c
          b.times { d /= a }
          assert_equal(1, d, "((#{a}) ** #{b}) / #{a} / ...(#{b} times)...")
        end
      }
    }
  end

  def test_not
    VS.each {|a|
      b = ~a
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(-1 ^ a, b, "~#{a}")
      assert_equal(-a-1, b, "~#{a}") # Hacker's Delight
      assert_equal(0, a & b, "#{a} & ~#{a}")
      assert_equal(-1, a | b, "#{a} | ~#{a}")
    }
  end

  def test_or
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = a | b
        check_class(c)
        assert_equal(b | a, c, "#{a} | #{b}")
        assert_equal(a + b - (a&b), c, "#{a} | #{b}")
        assert_equal((a & ~b) + b, c, "#{a} | #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal(-1, c | ~a, "(#{a} | #{b}) | ~#{a})")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_and
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = a & b
        check_class(c)
        assert_equal(b & a, c, "#{a} & #{b}")
        assert_equal(a + b - (a|b), c, "#{a} & #{b}")
        assert_equal((~a | b) - ~a, c, "#{a} & #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal(0, c & ~a, "(#{a} & #{b}) & ~#{a}")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_xor
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        c = a ^ b
        check_class(c)
        assert_equal(b ^ a, c, "#{a} ^ #{b}")
        assert_equal((a|b)-(a&b), c, "#{a} ^ #{b}") # Hacker's Delight
        assert_equal(b, c ^ a, "(#{a} ^ #{b}) ^ #{a}")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_lshift
    small_values = VS.find_all {|v| v < 8000 }
    VS.each {|a|
      small_values.each {|b|
        c = a << b
        check_class(c)
        if 0 <= b
          assert_equal(a, c >> b, "(#{a} << #{b}) >> #{b}")
          assert_equal(a * 2**b, c, "#{a} << #{b}")
        end
        0.upto(c.size*8+10) {|nth|
          assert_equal(a[nth-b], c[nth], "(#{a} << #{b})[#{nth}]")
        }
      }
    }
  end

  def test_rshift
    small_values = VS.find_all {|v| -8000 < v }
    VS.each {|a|
      small_values.each {|b|
        c = a >> b
        check_class(c)
        if b <= 0
          assert_equal(a, c << b, "(#{a} >> #{b}) << #{b}")
          assert_equal(a * 2**(-b), c, "#{a} >> #{b}")
        end
        0.upto(c.size*8+10) {|nth|
          assert_equal(a[nth+b], c[nth], "(#{a} >> #{b})[#{nth}]")
        }
      }
    }
  end

  def test_succ
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.succ
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a+1, b, "(#{a}).succ")
      assert_equal(a, b.pred, "(#{a}).succ.pred")
      assert_equal(a, b-1, "(#{a}).succ - 1")
    }
  end

  def test_pred
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.pred
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a-1, b, "(#{a}).pred")
      assert_equal(a, b.succ, "(#{a}).pred.succ")
      assert_equal(a, b + 1, "(#{a}).pred + 1")
    }
  end

  def test_unary_plus
    VS.each {|a|
      b = +a
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a, b, "+(#{a})")
    }
  end

  def test_unary_minus
    VS.each {|a|
      b = -a
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(0-a, b, "-(#{a})")
      assert_equal(~a+1, b, "-(#{a})")
      assert_equal(0, a+b, "#{a}+(-(#{a}))")
    }
  end

  def test_cmp
    VS.each_with_index {|a, i|
      VS.each_with_index {|b, j|
        assert_equal(i <=> j, a <=> b, "#{a} <=> #{b}")
        assert_equal(i < j, a < b, "#{a} < #{b}")
        assert_equal(i <= j, a <= b, "#{a} <= #{b}")
        assert_equal(i > j, a > b, "#{a} > #{b}")
        assert_equal(i >= j, a >= b, "#{a} >= #{b}")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_eq
    VS.each_with_index {|a, i|
      VS.each_with_index {|b, j|
        c = a == b
        assert_equal(b == a, c, "#{a} == #{b}")
        assert_equal(i == j, c, "#{a} == #{b}")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_abs
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.abs
      check_class(b)
      if a < 0
        assert_equal(-a, b, "(#{a}).abs")
      else
        assert_equal(a, b, "(#{a}).abs")
      end
    }
  end

  def test_ceil
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.ceil
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a, b, "(#{a}).ceil")
    }
  end

  def test_floor
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.floor
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a, b, "(#{a}).floor")
    }
  end

  def test_round
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.round
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a, b, "(#{a}).round")
    }
  end

  def test_truncate
    VS.each {|a|
      b = a.truncate
      check_class(b)
      assert_equal(a, b, "(#{a}).truncate")
    }
  end

  def test_remainder
    VS.each {|a|
      VS.each {|b|
        if b == 0
          assert_raise(ZeroDivisionError) { a.divmod(b) }
        else
          r = a.remainder(b)
          check_class(r)
          if a < 0
            assert_operator(-b.abs, :<, r, "#{a}.remainder(#{b})")
            assert_operator(0, :>=, r, "#{a}.remainder(#{b})")
          elsif 0 < a
            assert_operator(0, :<=, r, "#{a}.remainder(#{b})")
            assert_operator(b.abs, :>, r, "#{a}.remainder(#{b})")
          else
            assert_equal(0, r, "#{a}.remainder(#{b})")
          end
        end
      }
    }
  end

  def test_zero_nonzero
    VS.each {|a|
      z = a.zero?
      n = a.nonzero?
      if a == 0
        assert_equal(true, z, "(#{a}).zero?")
        assert_equal(nil, n, "(#{a}).nonzero?")
      else
        assert_equal(false, z, "(#{a}).zero?")
        assert_equal(a, n, "(#{a}).nonzero?")
        check_class(n)
      end
      assert(z ^ n, "(#{a}).zero? ^ (#{a}).nonzero?")
    }
  end

  def test_even_odd
    VS.each {|a|
      e = a.even?
      o = a.odd?
      assert_equal((a % 2) == 0, e, "(#{a}).even?")
      assert_equal((a % 2) == 1, o, "(#{a}).odd")
      assert_equal((a & 1) == 0, e, "(#{a}).even?")
      assert_equal((a & 1) == 1, o, "(#{a}).odd")
      assert(e ^ o, "(#{a}).even? ^ (#{a}).odd?")
    }
  end

  def test_to_s
    2.upto(36) {|radix|
      VS.each {|a|
        s = a.to_s(radix)
        b = s.to_i(radix)
        assert_equal(a, b, "(#{a}).to_s(#{radix}).to_i(#{radix})")
      }
    }
  end

  def test_printf_x
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%x", a)
      if /\A\.\./ =~ s
        b = -($'.tr('0123456789abcdef', 'fedcba9876543210').to_i(16) + 1)
      else
        b = s.to_i(16)
      end
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%x', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_printf_x_sign
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%+x", a)
      b = s.to_i(16)
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%+x', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
      s = sprintf("% x", a)
      b = s.to_i(16)
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('% x', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_printf_o
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%o", a)
      if /\A\.\./ =~ s
        b = -($'.tr('01234567', '76543210').to_i(8) + 1)
      else
        b = s.to_i(8)
      end
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%o', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_printf_o_sign
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%+o", a)
      b = s.to_i(8)
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%+o', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
      s = sprintf("% o", a)
      b = s.to_i(8)
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('% o', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_printf_b
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%b", a)
      if /\A\.\./ =~ s
        b = -($'.tr('01', '10').to_i(2) + 1)
      else
        b = s.to_i(2)
      end
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%b', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_printf_b_sign
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%+b", a)
      b = s.to_i(2)
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%+b', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
      s = sprintf("% b", a)
      b = s.to_i(2)
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('% b', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_printf_diu
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = sprintf("%d", a)
      b = s.to_i
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%d', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
      s = sprintf("%i", a)
      b = s.to_i
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%i', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
      s = sprintf("%u", a)
      b = s.to_i
      assert_equal(a, b, "sprintf('%u', #{a}) = #{s.inspect}")
    }
  end

  def test_marshal
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      s = Marshal.dump(a)
      b = Marshal.load(s)
      assert_equal(a, b, "Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(#{a}))")
    }
  end

  def test_pack
    %w[c C s S s! S! i I i! I! l L l! L! q Q n N v V].each {|template|
      size = [0].pack(template).size
      mask = (1 << (size * 8)) - 1
      if /[A-Znv]/ =~ template
        min = 0
        max = (1 << (size * 8))-1
      else
        min = -(1 << (size * 8 - 1))
        max = (1 << (size * 8 - 1)) - 1
      end
      VS.reverse_each {|a|
        s = [a].pack(template)
        b = s.unpack(template)[0]
        assert_equal(a & mask, b & mask, "[#{a}].pack(#{template.dump}).unpack(#{template.dump}) & #{mask}")
        if min <= a && a <= max
          assert_equal(a, b, "[#{a}].pack(#{template.dump}).unpack(#{template.dump})")
        end
      }
    }
  end

  def test_pack_ber
    template = "w"
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      if a < 0
        assert_raise(ArgumentError) { [a].pack(template) }
      else
        s = [a].pack(template)
        b = s.unpack(template)[0]
        assert_equal(a, b, "[#{a}].pack(#{template.dump}).unpack(#{template.dump})")
      end
    }
  end

  def test_pack_utf8
    template = "U"
    VS.reverse_each {|a|
      if a < 0 || 0x7fffffff < a
        assert_raise(RangeError) { [a].pack(template) }
      else
        s = [a].pack(template)
        b = s.unpack(template)[0]
        assert_equal(a, b, "[#{a}].pack(#{template.dump}).unpack(#{template.dump})")
      end
    }
  end
end