sbus: Add type-safe DBus method handlers and finish functions

Type safe method handlers allow methods not to have to do tedious
unwrapping and wrapping of DBus method call messages or replies.

Arguments of the following DBus types are supported in type-safe
method handlers. In addition arrays of these are supported.

 y: uint8_t
 b: bool     (but no arrays, yet)
 n: int16_t
 q: uint16_t
 i: int32_t
 u: uint32_t
 x: int64_t
 t: uint64_t
 d: double
 s: char *   (utf8 string)
 o: char *   (object path)

As an exception, arrays of booleans are not supported, but could be
added later. Other more complex types could be added later if desired.
If a method has other argument types, then it must be marked as having
a raw handler (see below).

Internally each method can have a type specific invoker function which
unpacks the incoming arguments and invokes the method handler with the
correct arguments.

Each method also has a finish which accepts the type-safe out arguments
(ie: return values) and builds the reply message. Like other request
'finish' functions, these free the request talloc context, and are to
be used in place of sbus_request_finish() or friends.

Raw method handlers parse their own method arguments, and prepare their
own reply (ideally using sbus_request_finish() helpers). They can also
do strange things like have variable arguments. To mark a DBus method
as having a raw method handler use the following annotation:

<annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>

Raw methods do not have invokers or finish functions.

I've left all of the internal peer to peer communication using raw
method handlers. No code changes here.

(cherry picked from commit dff909d473f43a6bd0f0286fa2d279c0ebe945c6)

19 files changed, 544 insertions, 71 deletions

diff --git a/src/monitor/monitor_iface.xml b/src/monitor/monitor_iface.xml
index 506b749c8..1f61de5b7 100644
--- a/src/monitor/monitor_iface.xml
+++ b/src/monitor/monitor_iface.xml
@@ -4,38 +4,48 @@
     <interface name="org.freedesktop.sssd.monitor">
         <annotation value="mon_srv_iface" name="org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol"/>
         <method name="getVersion">
-            <!-- manual argument parsing -->
+            <!-- manual argument parsing, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="RegisterService">
-            <!-- manual argument parsing -->
+            <!-- manual argument parsing, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
     </interface>
 
     <interface name="org.freedesktop.sssd.service">
         <annotation value="mon_cli_iface" name="org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol"/>
         <method name="ping">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="resInit">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="shutDown">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="goOffline">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="resetOffline">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="rotateLogs">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="clearMemcache">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="clearEnumCache">
-            <!-- no arguments -->
+            <!-- no arguments, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
     </interface>
 </node>
diff --git a/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.c b/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.c
index 81a7c247a..e9c3c1d52 100644
--- a/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.c
+++ b/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.c
@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@ const struct sbus_method_meta mon_srv_iface__methods[] = {
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_srv_iface, getVersion),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "RegisterService", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_srv_iface, RegisterService),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     { NULL, }
 };
@@ -37,48 +39,56 @@ const struct sbus_method_meta mon_cli_iface__methods[] = {
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, ping),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "resInit", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, resInit),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "shutDown", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, shutDown),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "goOffline", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, goOffline),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "resetOffline", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, resetOffline),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "rotateLogs", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, rotateLogs),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "clearMemcache", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, clearMemcache),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "clearEnumCache", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct mon_cli_iface, clearEnumCache),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     { NULL, }
 };
diff --git a/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.h b/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.h
index bd556616c..37e4d480b 100644
--- a/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.h
+++ b/src/monitor/monitor_iface_generated.h
@@ -28,15 +28,21 @@
 #define MON_CLI_IFACE_CLEARENUMCACHE "clearEnumCache"
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * DBus Vtable handler structures
+ * DBus handlers
  *
  * These structures are filled in by implementors of the different
  * dbus interfaces to handle method calls.
  *
  * Handler functions of type sbus_msg_handler_fn accept raw messages,
- * other handlers will be typed appropriately. If a handler that is
+ * other handlers are typed appropriately. If a handler that is
  * set to NULL is invoked it will result in a
  * org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported error for the caller.
+ *
+ * Handlers have a matching xxx_finish() function (unless the method has
+ * accepts raw messages). These finish functions the
+ * sbus_request_return_and_finish() with the appropriate arguments to
+ * construct a valid reply. Once a finish function has been called, the
+ * @dbus_req it was called with is freed and no longer valid.
  */
 
 /* vtable for org.freedesktop.sssd.monitor */
diff --git a/src/providers/data_provider_iface.xml b/src/providers/data_provider_iface.xml
index 90397f1b2..143975633 100644
--- a/src/providers/data_provider_iface.xml
+++ b/src/providers/data_provider_iface.xml
@@ -4,25 +4,32 @@
     <interface name="org.freedesktop.sssd.dataprovider">
         <annotation value="data_provider_iface" name="org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol"/>
         <method name="RegisterService">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="pamHandler">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="sudoHandler">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="autofsHandler">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="hostHandler">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="getDomains">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="getAccountInfo">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
     </interface>
 
@@ -35,10 +42,12 @@
     <interface name="org.freedesktop.sssd.dataprovider_rev">
         <annotation value="data_provider_rev_iface" name="org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol"/>
         <method name="updateCache">
-            <!-- manual argument parsing -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
         <method name="initgrCheck">
-            <!-- manual argument parsing -->
+            <!-- arguments parsed manually, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
     </interface>
 </node>
diff --git a/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.c b/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.c
index 517b7adfe..e7eca7def 100644
--- a/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.c
+++ b/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.c
@@ -12,42 +12,49 @@ const struct sbus_method_meta data_provider_iface__methods[] = {
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, RegisterService),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "pamHandler", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, pamHandler),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "sudoHandler", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, sudoHandler),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "autofsHandler", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, autofsHandler),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "hostHandler", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, hostHandler),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "getDomains", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, getDomains),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "getAccountInfo", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_iface, getAccountInfo),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     { NULL, }
 };
@@ -67,12 +74,14 @@ const struct sbus_method_meta data_provider_rev_iface__methods[] = {
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_rev_iface, updateCache),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     {
         "initgrCheck", /* name */
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct data_provider_rev_iface, initgrCheck),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     { NULL, }
 };
diff --git a/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.h b/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.h
index fc37aa8cb..976e42b89 100644
--- a/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.h
+++ b/src/providers/data_provider_iface_generated.h
@@ -27,15 +27,21 @@
 #define DATA_PROVIDER_REV_IFACE_INITGRCHECK "initgrCheck"
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * DBus Vtable handler structures
+ * DBus handlers
  *
  * These structures are filled in by implementors of the different
  * dbus interfaces to handle method calls.
  *
  * Handler functions of type sbus_msg_handler_fn accept raw messages,
- * other handlers will be typed appropriately. If a handler that is
+ * other handlers are typed appropriately. If a handler that is
  * set to NULL is invoked it will result in a
  * org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported error for the caller.
+ *
+ * Handlers have a matching xxx_finish() function (unless the method has
+ * accepts raw messages). These finish functions the
+ * sbus_request_return_and_finish() with the appropriate arguments to
+ * construct a valid reply. Once a finish function has been called, the
+ * @dbus_req it was called with is freed and no longer valid.
  */
 
 /* vtable for org.freedesktop.sssd.dataprovider */
diff --git a/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface.xml b/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface.xml
index e3221b577..078d29e2d 100644
--- a/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface.xml
+++ b/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface.xml
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
     <interface name="org.freedesktop.sssd.infopipe">
         <annotation value="infopipe_iface" name="org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol"/>
         <method name="Ping">
-            <!-- arguments parsed manually -->
+            <!-- manual argument parsing, raw handler -->
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
     </interface>
 </node>
diff --git a/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.c b/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.c
index db5e0e545..57c67f8bc 100644
--- a/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.c
+++ b/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const struct sbus_method_meta infopipe_iface__methods[] = {
         NULL, /* no in_args */
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct infopipe_iface, Ping),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     { NULL, }
 };
diff --git a/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.h b/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.h
index 8db83fc11..f69fb162d 100644
--- a/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.h
+++ b/src/responder/ifp/ifp_iface_generated.h
@@ -16,15 +16,21 @@
 #define INFOPIPE_IFACE_PING "Ping"
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * DBus Vtable handler structures
+ * DBus handlers
  *
  * These structures are filled in by implementors of the different
  * dbus interfaces to handle method calls.
  *
  * Handler functions of type sbus_msg_handler_fn accept raw messages,
- * other handlers will be typed appropriately. If a handler that is
+ * other handlers are typed appropriately. If a handler that is
  * set to NULL is invoked it will result in a
  * org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported error for the caller.
+ *
+ * Handlers have a matching xxx_finish() function (unless the method has
+ * accepts raw messages). These finish functions the
+ * sbus_request_return_and_finish() with the appropriate arguments to
+ * construct a valid reply. Once a finish function has been called, the
+ * @dbus_req it was called with is freed and no longer valid.
  */
 
 /* vtable for org.freedesktop.sssd.infopipe */
diff --git a/src/sbus/sbus_codegen b/src/sbus/sbus_codegen
index d2fe5073d..6c4b8ec9a 100755
--- a/src/sbus/sbus_codegen
+++ b/src/sbus/sbus_codegen
@@ -91,14 +91,49 @@ class Base:
             raise DBusXmlException('No name on element')
         self.name = name
         self.annotations = { }
+    def validate(self):
+        pass
     def c_name(self):
         return self.annotations.get("org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol", self.name)
 
+# The basic types that we support marshalling right now. These
+# are the ones we can pass as basic arguments to libdbus directly.
+# If the dbus and sssd types are identical we pass things directly.
+# otherwise some copying is necessary.
+BASIC_TYPES = {
+ 'y': ( "DBUS_TYPE_BYTE", "uint8_t", "uint8_t" ),
+ 'b': ( "DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN", "dbus_bool_t", "bool" ),
+ 'n': ( "DBUS_TYPE_INT16", "int16_t", "int16_t" ),
+ 'q': ( "DBUS_TYPE_UINT16", "uint16_t", "uint16_t" ),
+ 'i': ( "DBUS_TYPE_INT32", "int32_t", "int32_t" ),
+ 'u': ( "DBUS_TYPE_UINT32", "uint32_t", "uint32_t" ),
+ 'x': ( "DBUS_TYPE_INT64", "int64_t", "int64_t" ),
+ 't': ( "DBUS_TYPE_UINT64", "uint64_t", "uint64_t" ),
+ 'd': ( "DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE", "double", "double" ),
+ 's': ( "DBUS_TYPE_STRING", "const char *", "const char *" ),
+ 'o': ( "DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH", "const char *", "const char *" ),
+}
+
 class Arg(Base):
-    def __init__(self, method, name, signature):
+    def __init__(self, method, name, type):
         Base.__init__(self, name)
         self.method = method
-        self.signature = signature
+        self.type = type
+        self.is_basic = False
+        self.is_array = False
+        self.dbus_constant = None
+        self.dbus_type = None
+        self.sssd_type = None
+        if type[0] == 'a':
+            type = type[1:]
+            self.is_array = True
+        if type in BASIC_TYPES:
+            (self.dbus_constant, self.dbus_type, self.sssd_type) = BASIC_TYPES[type]
+            # If types are not identical, we can't do array (yet)
+            if self.is_array:
+                self.is_basic = (self.dbus_type == self.sssd_type)
+            else:
+                self.is_basic = True
 
 class Method(Base):
     def __init__(self, iface, name):
@@ -106,8 +141,22 @@ class Method(Base):
         self.iface = iface
         self.in_args = []
         self.out_args = []
+    def validate(self):
+        if not self.only_basic_args() and not self.use_raw_handler():
+            raise DBusXmlException("Method has complex arguments and requires " +
+                                   "the 'org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler' annotation")
     def fq_c_name(self):
         return "%s_%s" % (self.iface.c_name(), self.c_name())
+    def use_raw_handler(self):
+        anno = 'org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler'
+        return self.annotations.get(anno, self.iface.annotations.get(anno)) == 'true'
+    def in_signature(self):
+        return "".join([arg.type for arg in self.in_args])
+    def only_basic_args(self):
+        for arg in self.in_args + self.out_args:
+            if not arg.is_basic:
+                return False
+        return True
 
 class Signal(Base):
     def __init__(self, iface, name):
@@ -149,17 +198,138 @@ class Interface(Base):
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code Generation
 
-def out(format, *args):
+def out(format, *args, **kwargs):
     str = format % args
     sys.stdout.write(str)
-    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+    # NOTE: Would like to use the following syntax for this function
+    # but need to wait until python3 until it is supported:
+    #  def out(format, *args, new_line=True)
+    if kwargs.pop("new_line", True):
+        sys.stdout.write("\n")
+    assert not kwargs, "unknown keyword argument(s): %s" % str(kwargs)
+
+def method_arg_types(args, with_names=False):
+    str = ""
+    for arg in args:
+        str += ", "
+        str += arg.sssd_type
+        if with_names:
+            if str[-1] != '*':
+                str += " "
+            str += "arg_"
+            str += arg.c_name()
+        if arg.is_array:
+            str += "[], int"
+            if with_names:
+                str += " len_"
+                str += arg.c_name()
+    return str
+
+def method_function_pointer(meth, name, with_names=False):
+    if meth.use_raw_handler():
+        return "sbus_msg_handler_fn " + name
+    else:
+        return "int (*%s)(struct sbus_request *%s, void *%s%s)" % \
+            (name, with_names and "req" or "",
+             with_names and "data" or "",
+             method_arg_types(meth.in_args, with_names))
+
+def forward_invoker(signature, args):
+    out("")
+    out("/* invokes a handler with a '%s' DBus signature */", signature)
+    out("static int invoke_%s_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr);", signature)
+
+def source_method_invoker(signature, args):
+    out("")
+    out("/* invokes a handler with a '%s' DBus signature */", signature)
+    out("static int invoke_%s_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr)", signature)
+    out("{")
+    for i in range(0, len(args)):
+        arg = args[i]
+        if arg.is_array:
+            out("    %s *arg_%d;", arg.dbus_type, i)
+            out("    int len_%d;", i)
+        else:
+            out("    %s arg_%d;", arg.dbus_type, i)
+    out("    int (*handler)(struct sbus_request *, void *%s) = function_ptr;", method_arg_types(args))
+    out("")
+    out("    if (!sbus_request_parse_or_finish(dbus_req,")
+    for i in range(0, len(args)):
+        arg = args[i]
+        if arg.is_array:
+            out("                               DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, %s, &arg_%d, &len_%d,",
+                arg.dbus_constant, i, i)
+        else:
+            out("                               %s, &arg_%d,", arg.dbus_constant, i)
+    out("                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {")
+    out("         return EOK; /* request handled */")
+    out("    }")
+    out("")
+
+    out("    return (handler)(dbus_req, dbus_req->intf->instance_data", new_line=False)
+    for i in range(0, len(args)):
+        arg = args[i]
+        out(",\n                     arg_%d", i, new_line=False)
+        if arg.is_array:
+            out(",\n                     len_%d", i, new_line=False)
+    out(");")
+    out("}")
+
+def forward_method_invokers(ifaces):
+    invokers = { }
+    for iface in ifaces:
+        for meth in iface.methods:
+            if meth.use_raw_handler() or not meth.in_args:
+                continue
+            signature = meth.in_signature()
+            if signature in invokers:
+                continue
+            forward_invoker(signature, meth.in_args)
+            invokers[signature] = meth
+    return invokers
+
+def source_method_invokers(invokers):
+    for (signature, meth) in invokers.items():
+        source_method_invoker(signature, meth.in_args)
+
+def source_finisher(meth):
+    out("")
+    out("int %s_finish(struct sbus_request *req%s)",
+        meth.fq_c_name(), method_arg_types(meth.out_args, with_names=True))
+    out("{")
+
+    for arg in meth.out_args:
+        if arg.dbus_type != arg.sssd_type:
+            out("    %s cast_%s = arg_%s;", arg.dbus_type, arg.c_name(), arg.c_name())
+
+    out("   return sbus_request_return_and_finish(req,")
+    for arg in meth.out_args:
+        out("                                         ", new_line=False)
+        if arg.is_array:
+            out("DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, %s, &arg_%s, len_%s,",
+                arg.dbus_constant, arg.c_name(), arg.c_name())
+        elif arg.dbus_type != arg.sssd_type:
+            out("%s, &cast_%s,", arg.dbus_constant, arg.c_name())
+        else:
+            out("%s, &arg_%s,", arg.dbus_constant, arg.c_name())
+    out("                                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);")
+    out("}")
+
+def header_reply(meth):
+    for arg in meth.out_args:
+        if arg.is_array:
+            out("    %s *%s", arg.dbus_type, arg.c_name())
+            out("    int %s__len", arg.c_name())
+        else:
+            out("    %s %s;", arg.dbus_type, arg.c_name())
+    types = [arg.sssd_type for arg in meth.in_args]
 
 def source_args(parent, args, suffix):
     out("")
     out("/* arguments for %s.%s */", parent.iface.name, parent.name)
     out("const struct sbus_arg_meta %s%s[] = {", parent.fq_c_name(), suffix)
     for arg in args:
-        out("    { \"%s\", \"%s\" },", arg.name, arg.signature)
+        out("    { \"%s\", \"%s\" },", arg.name, arg.type)
     out("    { NULL, }")
     out("};")
 
@@ -170,6 +340,9 @@ def source_methods(iface, methods):
         if meth.out_args:
             source_args(meth, meth.out_args, "__out")
 
+        if not meth.use_raw_handler():
+            source_finisher(meth)
+
     out("")
     out("/* methods for %s */", iface.name)
     out("const struct sbus_method_meta %s__methods[] = {", iface.c_name())
@@ -185,6 +358,10 @@ def source_methods(iface, methods):
         else:
             out("        NULL, /* no out_args */")
         out("        offsetof(struct %s, %s),", iface.c_name(), meth.c_name())
+        if meth.use_raw_handler() or not meth.in_args:
+            out("        NULL, /* no invoker */")
+        else:
+            out("        invoke_%s_method,", meth.in_signature())
         out("    },")
     out("    { NULL, }")
     out("};")
@@ -264,6 +441,8 @@ def generate_source(ifaces, filename, include_header=None):
     if include_header:
         out("#include \"%s\"", os.path.basename(include_header))
 
+    invokers = forward_method_invokers(ifaces)
+
     for iface in ifaces:
 
         # The methods
@@ -281,6 +460,16 @@ def generate_source(ifaces, filename, include_header=None):
         # The sbus_interface structure
         source_interface(iface)
 
+    source_method_invokers(invokers)
+
+def header_finisher(iface, meth):
+    if meth.use_raw_handler():
+        return
+    out("")
+    out("/* finish function for %s */", meth.name)
+    out("int %s_finish(struct sbus_request *req%s);",
+        meth.fq_c_name(), method_arg_types(meth.out_args, with_names=True))
+
 def header_vtable(iface, methods):
     out("")
     out("/* vtable for %s */", iface.name)
@@ -289,7 +478,7 @@ def header_vtable(iface, methods):
 
     # All methods
     for meth in iface.methods:
-        out("    sbus_msg_handler_fn %s;", meth.c_name())
+        out("    %s;", method_function_pointer(meth, meth.c_name(), with_names=True))
 
     # TODO: Property getters and setters will go here
 
@@ -329,20 +518,28 @@ def generate_header(ifaces, filename):
 
     out("")
     out("/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------")
-    out(" * DBus Vtable handler structures")
+    out(" * DBus handlers")
     out(" *")
     out(" * These structures are filled in by implementors of the different")
     out(" * dbus interfaces to handle method calls.")
     out(" *")
     out(" * Handler functions of type sbus_msg_handler_fn accept raw messages,")
-    out(" * other handlers will be typed appropriately. If a handler that is")
+    out(" * other handlers are typed appropriately. If a handler that is")
     out(" * set to NULL is invoked it will result in a")
     out(" * org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported error for the caller.")
+    out(" *")
+    out(" * Handlers have a matching xxx_finish() function (unless the method has")
+    out(" * accepts raw messages). These finish functions the")
+    out(" * sbus_request_return_and_finish() with the appropriate arguments to")
+    out(" * construct a valid reply. Once a finish function has been called, the")
+    out(" * @dbus_req it was called with is freed and no longer valid.")
     out(" */")
 
     for iface in ifaces:
         if iface.methods:
             header_vtable(iface, iface.methods)
+            for meth in iface.methods:
+                header_finisher(iface, meth)
 
     out("")
     out("/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------")
@@ -505,6 +702,8 @@ class DBusXMLParser:
         self.cur_object_stack.append(old_cur_object)
 
     def handle_end_element(self, name):
+        if self.cur_object:
+            self.cur_object.validate()
         self.state = self.state_stack.pop()
         self.cur_object = self.cur_object_stack.pop()
 
diff --git a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_connection.c b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_connection.c
index 0049cf3c6..ab18049f8 100644
--- a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_connection.c
+++ b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_connection.c
@@ -345,18 +345,6 @@ void sbus_disconnect (struct sbus_connection *conn)
     DEBUG(SSSDBG_TRACE_FUNC ,"Disconnected %p\n", conn->dbus.conn);
 }
 
-static int sbus_reply_internal_error(DBusMessage *message,
-                                     struct sbus_connection *conn) {
-    DBusMessage *reply = dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_IO_ERROR,
-                                                "Internal Error");
-    if (reply) {
-        sbus_conn_send_reply(conn, reply);
-        dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
-    }
-    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
-}
-
 /* Looks up a vtable func, in a struct derived from struct sbus_vtable */
 #define VTABLE_FUNC(vtable, offset) \
     (*((void **)((char *)(vtable) + (offset))))
@@ -380,7 +368,6 @@ DBusHandlerResult sbus_message_handler(DBusConnection *dbus_conn,
     void *handler_data = NULL; /* Must be a talloc pointer! */
     struct sbus_introspect_ctx *ictx = NULL;
     DBusHandlerResult result;
-    int ret;
 
     if (!user_data) {
         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
@@ -435,7 +422,11 @@ DBusHandlerResult sbus_message_handler(DBusConnection *dbus_conn,
             DEBUG(SSSDBG_TRACE_LIBS, "Got introspection request\n");
             ictx = talloc(intf_p->conn, struct sbus_introspect_ctx);
             if (ictx == NULL) {
-                result = sbus_reply_internal_error(message, intf_p->conn);
+                reply = dbus_message_new_error(message,
+                                               DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, NULL);
+                sbus_conn_send_reply(intf_p->conn, reply);
+                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
             } else {
                 handler_fn = sbus_introspect;
                 ictx->iface = interface;
@@ -447,10 +438,7 @@ DBusHandlerResult sbus_message_handler(DBusConnection *dbus_conn,
 
     if (handler_fn) {
         dbus_req = sbus_new_request(intf_p->conn, intf_p->intf, message);
-        if (!dbus_req) {
-            talloc_zfree(handler_data);
-            ret = ENOMEM;
-        } else {
+        if (dbus_req) {
             dbus_req->method = method;
             if (handler_data) {
                 /* If the handler uses private instance data, make
@@ -463,12 +451,9 @@ DBusHandlerResult sbus_message_handler(DBusConnection *dbus_conn,
                  */
                 handler_data = intf_p->intf->instance_data;
             }
-            ret = handler_fn(dbus_req, handler_data);
-        }
-        if (ret != EOK) {
-            talloc_free(dbus_req);
-            result = sbus_reply_internal_error(message, intf_p->conn);
-        } else {
+
+            sbus_request_invoke_or_finish(dbus_req, handler_fn, handler_data,
+                                          method->invoker);
             result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_introspect.c b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_introspect.c
index ef0ff2fd5..c8e8c97a1 100644
--- a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_introspect.c
+++ b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_introspect.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ static const struct sbus_arg_meta introspect_method_arg_out[] = {
 };
 
 const struct sbus_method_meta introspect_method =
-    { DBUS_INTROSPECT_METHOD, NULL, introspect_method_arg_out, 0 };
+    { DBUS_INTROSPECT_METHOD, NULL, introspect_method_arg_out, 0, NULL };
 
 #define SSS_INTROSPECT_DOCTYPE  \
     "<!DOCTYPE node PUBLIC \"-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Object Introspection 1.0//EN\"\n" \
diff --git a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_meta.h b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_meta.h
index abc992137..997aa9e46 100644
--- a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_meta.h
+++ b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_meta.h
@@ -38,11 +38,17 @@ struct sbus_arg_meta {
     const char *type;
 };
 
+struct sbus_request;
+struct sbus_interface;
+
+typedef int (* sbus_method_invoker_fn)(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *handler_fn);
+
 struct sbus_method_meta {
     const char *name;
     const struct sbus_arg_meta *in_args;
     const struct sbus_arg_meta *out_args;
     size_t vtable_offset;
+    sbus_method_invoker_fn invoker;
 };
 
 enum {
diff --git a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_private.h b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_private.h
index 6abe56c66..4916700b5 100644
--- a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_private.h
+++ b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_private.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #ifndef _SSSD_DBUS_PRIVATE_H_
 #define _SSSD_DBUS_PRIVATE_H_
 
+#include "sssd_dbus_meta.h"
+
 union dbus_conn_pointer {
     DBusServer *server;
     DBusConnection *conn;
@@ -107,4 +109,10 @@ struct sbus_introspect_ctx {
 
 int sbus_introspect(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *pvt);
 
+void
+sbus_request_invoke_or_finish(struct sbus_request *dbus_req,
+                              sbus_msg_handler_fn handler_fn,
+                              void *handler_data,
+                              sbus_method_invoker_fn invoker_fn);
+
 #endif /* _SSSD_DBUS_PRIVATE_H_ */
diff --git a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_request.c b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_request.c
index c45f3a9fd..1546f0ddf 100644
--- a/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_request.c
+++ b/src/sbus/sssd_dbus_request.c
@@ -20,10 +20,13 @@
 
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include "sbus/sssd_dbus.h"
+#include "sbus/sssd_dbus_private.h"
 
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
 
+static const DBusError error_internal = { DBUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Internal Error" };
+
 static int sbus_request_destructor(struct sbus_request *dbus_req)
 {
     dbus_message_unref(dbus_req->message);
@@ -51,6 +54,33 @@ sbus_new_request(struct sbus_connection *conn,
     return dbus_req;
 }
 
+void
+sbus_request_invoke_or_finish(struct sbus_request *dbus_req,
+                              sbus_msg_handler_fn handler_fn,
+                              void *handler_data,
+                              sbus_method_invoker_fn invoker_fn)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    if (invoker_fn) {
+        ret = invoker_fn(dbus_req, handler_fn);
+    } else {
+        ret = handler_fn(dbus_req, handler_data);
+    }
+
+    switch(ret) {
+    case EOK:
+        return;
+    case ENOMEM:
+        DEBUG(SSSDBG_CRIT_FAILURE, "Out of memory handling DBus message\n");
+        sbus_request_finish(dbus_req, NULL);
+        break;
+    default:
+        sbus_request_fail_and_finish(dbus_req, &error_internal);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
 int sbus_request_finish(struct sbus_request *dbus_req,
                         DBusMessage *reply)
 {
diff --git a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.c b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.c
index 25d80c01c..0d46ab226 100644
--- a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.c
+++ b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ START_TEST(test_interfaces)
 
     /* Explicit C Symbol */
     ck_assert_str_eq(test_pilot_meta.name, "com.planetexpress.Pilot");
-    ck_assert(test_pilot_meta.methods == NULL); /* no methods */
+    ck_assert(test_pilot_meta.methods != NULL);
     ck_assert(test_pilot_meta.signals == NULL); /* no signals */
     ck_assert(test_pilot_meta.properties != NULL);
 
@@ -128,16 +128,42 @@ START_TEST(test_signals)
 END_TEST
 
 static int
-mock_move_universe(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *data)
+mock_move_universe(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *data,
+                   bool arg_smoothly, uint32_t arg_speed_factor)
 {
-    /* not called */
-    return 0;
+    /*
+     * The above arguments should match the handler signature,
+     * and the below finish function should have the right signature.
+     *
+     * Not called, just testing compilation
+     */
+    ck_assert(FALSE);
+    return com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse_finish(dbus_req, "here");
 }
 
 static int
-mock_crash_now(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *data)
+mock_crash_now(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *data,
+               const char *where)
 {
-    /* not called */
+    /*
+     * One argument, no return value, yet a finish function should
+     * have been generated.
+     *
+     * Not called, just testing compilation
+     */
+    ck_assert(FALSE);
+    return com_planetexpress_Ship_crash_now_finish(dbus_req);
+}
+
+static int
+mock_land(struct sbus_request *req, void *data)
+{
+    /*
+     * Raw handler, no finish function, no special arguments.
+     *
+     * Not called, just testing compilation
+     */
+    ck_assert(FALSE);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -147,6 +173,7 @@ START_TEST(test_vtable)
         { &com_planetexpress_Ship_meta, 0 },
         mock_move_universe,
         mock_crash_now,
+        mock_land,
     };
 
     /*
@@ -156,6 +183,7 @@ START_TEST(test_vtable)
      */
     ck_assert(vtable.crash_now == mock_crash_now);
     ck_assert(vtable.MoveUniverse == mock_move_universe);
+    ck_assert(vtable.Land == mock_land);
 }
 END_TEST
 
diff --git a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.xml b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.xml
index e571dbc17..331538ef9 100755
--- a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.xml
+++ b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests.xml
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@
         <!-- A method with a specific c name -->
         <method name="Crash">
             <annotation value="crash_now" name="org.freedesktop.DBus.GLib.CSymbol"/>
+            <arg name="where" type="s" direction="in"/>
+        </method>
+
+        <!-- A method without a type-safe handler -->
+        <method name="Land">
+            <annotation name="org.freedesktop.sssd.RawHandler" value="true"/>
         </method>
     </interface>
 
@@ -45,6 +51,15 @@
 
         <!-- A property -->
         <property name="FullName" type="s" access="readwrite"/>
+
+        <!-- A simple method -->
+        <method name="Blink">
+            <!-- This is an uint32 arg -->
+            <arg name="duration" type="u" direction="in"/>
+            <!-- This is a boolean return value -->
+            <arg name="crashed" type="b" direction="out"/>
+        </method>
+
     </interface>
 
 </node>
diff --git a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.c b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.c
index ccf612996..b5ff08d9d 100644
--- a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.c
+++ b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.c
@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@
 #include "sbus/sssd_dbus_meta.h"
 #include "sbus_codegen_tests_generated.h"
 
+/* invokes a handler with a 'bu' DBus signature */
+static int invoke_bu_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr);
+
+/* invokes a handler with a 's' DBus signature */
+static int invoke_s_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr);
+
+/* invokes a handler with a 'u' DBus signature */
+static int invoke_u_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr);
+
 /* arguments for com.planetexpress.Ship.MoveUniverse */
 const struct sbus_arg_meta com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse__in[] = {
     { "smoothly", "b" },
@@ -18,6 +27,25 @@ const struct sbus_arg_meta com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse__out[] = {
     { NULL, }
 };
 
+int com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse_finish(struct sbus_request *req, const char *arg_where_we_crashed)
+{
+   return sbus_request_return_and_finish(req,
+                                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_where_we_crashed,
+                                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+}
+
+/* arguments for com.planetexpress.Ship.Crash */
+const struct sbus_arg_meta com_planetexpress_Ship_crash_now__in[] = {
+    { "where", "s" },
+    { NULL, }
+};
+
+int com_planetexpress_Ship_crash_now_finish(struct sbus_request *req)
+{
+   return sbus_request_return_and_finish(req,
+                                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+}
+
 /* methods for com.planetexpress.Ship */
 const struct sbus_method_meta com_planetexpress_Ship__methods[] = {
     {
@@ -25,12 +53,21 @@ const struct sbus_method_meta com_planetexpress_Ship__methods[] = {
         com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse__in,
         com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse__out,
         offsetof(struct com_planetexpress_Ship, MoveUniverse),
+        invoke_bu_method,
     },
     {
         "Crash", /* name */
-        NULL, /* no in_args */
+        com_planetexpress_Ship_crash_now__in,
         NULL, /* no out_args */
         offsetof(struct com_planetexpress_Ship, crash_now),
+        invoke_s_method,
+    },
+    {
+        "Land", /* name */
+        NULL, /* no in_args */
+        NULL, /* no out_args */
+        offsetof(struct com_planetexpress_Ship, Land),
+        NULL, /* no invoker */
     },
     { NULL, }
 };
@@ -68,6 +105,38 @@ const struct sbus_interface_meta com_planetexpress_Ship_meta = {
     com_planetexpress_Ship__properties
 };
 
+/* arguments for com.planetexpress.Pilot.Blink */
+const struct sbus_arg_meta test_pilot_Blink__in[] = {
+    { "duration", "u" },
+    { NULL, }
+};
+
+/* arguments for com.planetexpress.Pilot.Blink */
+const struct sbus_arg_meta test_pilot_Blink__out[] = {
+    { "crashed", "b" },
+    { NULL, }
+};
+
+int test_pilot_Blink_finish(struct sbus_request *req, bool arg_crashed)
+{
+    dbus_bool_t cast_crashed = arg_crashed;
+   return sbus_request_return_and_finish(req,
+                                         DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cast_crashed,
+                                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+}
+
+/* methods for com.planetexpress.Pilot */
+const struct sbus_method_meta test_pilot__methods[] = {
+    {
+        "Blink", /* name */
+        test_pilot_Blink__in,
+        test_pilot_Blink__out,
+        offsetof(struct test_pilot, Blink),
+        invoke_u_method,
+    },
+    { NULL, }
+};
+
 /* property info for com.planetexpress.Pilot */
 const struct sbus_property_meta test_pilot__properties[] = {
     {
@@ -81,7 +150,58 @@ const struct sbus_property_meta test_pilot__properties[] = {
 /* interface info for com.planetexpress.Pilot */
 const struct sbus_interface_meta test_pilot_meta = {
     "com.planetexpress.Pilot", /* name */
-    NULL, /* no methods */
+    test_pilot__methods,
     NULL, /* no signals */
     test_pilot__properties
 };
+
+/* invokes a handler with a 'bu' DBus signature */
+static int invoke_bu_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr)
+{
+    dbus_bool_t arg_0;
+    uint32_t arg_1;
+    int (*handler)(struct sbus_request *, void *, bool, uint32_t) = function_ptr;
+
+    if (!sbus_request_parse_or_finish(dbus_req,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &arg_0,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &arg_1,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+         return EOK; /* request handled */
+    }
+
+    return (handler)(dbus_req, dbus_req->intf->instance_data,
+                     arg_0,
+                     arg_1);
+}
+
+/* invokes a handler with a 's' DBus signature */
+static int invoke_s_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr)
+{
+    const char * arg_0;
+    int (*handler)(struct sbus_request *, void *, const char *) = function_ptr;
+
+    if (!sbus_request_parse_or_finish(dbus_req,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_0,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+         return EOK; /* request handled */
+    }
+
+    return (handler)(dbus_req, dbus_req->intf->instance_data,
+                     arg_0);
+}
+
+/* invokes a handler with a 'u' DBus signature */
+static int invoke_u_method(struct sbus_request *dbus_req, void *function_ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t arg_0;
+    int (*handler)(struct sbus_request *, void *, uint32_t) = function_ptr;
+
+    if (!sbus_request_parse_or_finish(dbus_req,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &arg_0,
+                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+         return EOK; /* request handled */
+    }
+
+    return (handler)(dbus_req, dbus_req->intf->instance_data,
+                     arg_0);
+}
diff --git a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.h b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.h
index f41eca74b..23091a7bf 100644
--- a/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.h
+++ b/src/tests/sbus_codegen_tests_generated.h
@@ -15,32 +15,56 @@
 #define COM_PLANETEXPRESS_SHIP "com.planetexpress.Ship"
 #define COM_PLANETEXPRESS_SHIP_MOVEUNIVERSE "MoveUniverse"
 #define COM_PLANETEXPRESS_SHIP_CRASH_NOW "Crash"
+#define COM_PLANETEXPRESS_SHIP_LAND "Land"
 #define COM_PLANETEXPRESS_SHIP_BECAMESENTIENT "BecameSentient"
 #define COM_PLANETEXPRESS_SHIP_COLOR "Color"
 
 /* constants for com.planetexpress.Pilot */
 #define TEST_PILOT "com.planetexpress.Pilot"
+#define TEST_PILOT_BLINK "Blink"
 #define TEST_PILOT_FULLNAME "FullName"
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * DBus Vtable handler structures
+ * DBus handlers
  *
  * These structures are filled in by implementors of the different
  * dbus interfaces to handle method calls.
  *
  * Handler functions of type sbus_msg_handler_fn accept raw messages,
- * other handlers will be typed appropriately. If a handler that is
+ * other handlers are typed appropriately. If a handler that is
  * set to NULL is invoked it will result in a
  * org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported error for the caller.
+ *
+ * Handlers have a matching xxx_finish() function (unless the method has
+ * accepts raw messages). These finish functions the
+ * sbus_request_return_and_finish() with the appropriate arguments to
+ * construct a valid reply. Once a finish function has been called, the
+ * @dbus_req it was called with is freed and no longer valid.
  */
 
 /* vtable for com.planetexpress.Ship */
 struct com_planetexpress_Ship {
     struct sbus_vtable vtable; /* derive from sbus_vtable */
-    sbus_msg_handler_fn MoveUniverse;
-    sbus_msg_handler_fn crash_now;
+    int (*MoveUniverse)(struct sbus_request *req, void *data, bool arg_smoothly, uint32_t arg_speed_factor);
+    int (*crash_now)(struct sbus_request *req, void *data, const char *arg_where);
+    sbus_msg_handler_fn Land;
 };
 
+/* finish function for MoveUniverse */
+int com_planetexpress_Ship_MoveUniverse_finish(struct sbus_request *req, const char *arg_where_we_crashed);
+
+/* finish function for Crash */
+int com_planetexpress_Ship_crash_now_finish(struct sbus_request *req);
+
+/* vtable for com.planetexpress.Pilot */
+struct test_pilot {
+    struct sbus_vtable vtable; /* derive from sbus_vtable */
+    int (*Blink)(struct sbus_request *req, void *data, uint32_t arg_duration);
+};
+
+/* finish function for Blink */
+int test_pilot_Blink_finish(struct sbus_request *req, bool arg_crashed);
+
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * DBus Interface Metadata
  *