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-
-
-
-GETOPT(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETOPT(3)
-
-
-NAME
- getopt - Parse command line options
-
-SYNOPSIS
- #include <unistd.h>
-
- int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[],
- const char *optstring);
-
- extern char *optarg;
- extern int optind, opterr, optopt;
-
- #include <getopt.h>
-
- int getopt_long(int argc, char * const argv[],
- const char *optstring,
- const struct option *longopts, int *longindex);
-
- int getopt_long_only(int argc, char * const argv[],
- const char *optstring,
- const struct option *longopts, int *longindex);
-
-DESCRIPTION
- The getopt() function parses the command line arguments.
- Its arguments argc and argv are the argument count and
- array as passed to the main() function on program invoca-
- tion. An element of argv that starts with `-' (and is not
- exactly "-" or "--") is an option element. The characters
- of this element (aside from the initial `-') are option
- characters. If getopt() is called repeatedly, it returns
- successively each of the option characters from each of
- the option elements.
-
- If getopt() finds another option character, it returns
- that character, updating the external variable optind and
- a static variable nextchar so that the next call to
- getopt() can resume the scan with the following option
- character or argv-element.
-
- If there are no more option characters, getopt() returns
- EOF. Then optind is the index in argv of the first argv-
- element that is not an option.
-
- optstring is a string containing the legitimate option
- characters. If such a character is followed by a colon,
- the option requires an argument, so getopt places a
- pointer to the following text in the same argv-element, or
- the text of the following argv-element, in optarg. Two
- colons mean an option takes an optional arg; if there is
- text in the current argv-element, it is returned in
- optarg, otherwise optarg is set to zero.
-
- By default, getargs() permutes the contents of argv as it
- scans, so that eventually all the non-options are at the
-
-
-
-GNU Aug 30, 1995 1
-
-
-
-
-
-GETOPT(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETOPT(3)
-
-
- end. Two other modes are also implemented. If the first
- character of optstring is `+' or the environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, then option processing stops as
- soon as a non-option argument is encountered. If the
- first character of optstring is `-', then each non-option
- argv-element is handled as if it were the argument of an
- option with character code 1. (This is used by programs
- that were written to expect options and other argv-ele-
- ments in any order and that care about the ordering of the
- two.) The special argument `--' forces an end of option-
- scanning regardless of the scanning mode.
-
- If getopt() does not recognize an option character, it
- prints an error message to stderr, stores the character in
- optopt, and returns `?'. The calling program may prevent
- the error message by setting opterr to 0.
-
- The getopt_long() function works like getopt() except that
- it also accepts long options, started out by two dashes.
- Long option names may be abbreviated if the abbreviation
- is unique or is an exact match for some defined option. A
- long option may take a parameter, of the form --arg=param
- or --arg param.
-
- longopts is a pointer to the first element of an array of
- struct option declared in <getopt.h> as
-
- struct option {
- const char *name;
- int has_arg;
- int *flag;
- int val;
- };
-
- The meanings of the different fields are:
-
- name is the name of the long option.
-
- has_arg
- is: no_argument (or 0) if the option does not take
- an argument, required_argument (or 1) if the option
- requires an argument, or optional_argument (or 2)
- if the option takes an optional argument.
-
- flag specifies how results are returned for a long
- option. If flag is NULL, then getopt_long()
- returns val. (For example, the calling program may
- set val to the equivalent short option character.)
- Otherwise, getopt_long() returns 0, and flag points
- to a variable which is set to val if the option is
- found, but left unchanged if the option is not
- found.
-
- val is the value to return, or to load into the
-
-
-
-GNU Aug 30, 1995 2
-
-
-
-
-
-GETOPT(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETOPT(3)
-
-
- variable pointed to by flag.
-
- The last element of the array has to be filled with
- zeroes.
-
- If longindex is not NULL, it points to a variable which is
- set to the index of the long option relative to longopts.
-
- getopt_long_only() is like getopt_long(), but `-' as well
- as `--' can indicate a long option. If an option that
- starts with `-' (not `--') doesn't match a long option,
- but does match a short option, it is parsed as a short
- option instead.
-
-RETURN VALUE
- The getopt() function returns the option character if the
- option was found successfully, `:' if there was a missing
- parameter for one of the options, `?' for an unknown
- option character, or EOF for the end of the option list.
-
- getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() also return the
- option character when a short option is recognized. For a
- long option, they return val if flag is NULL, and 0 other-
- wise. Error and EOF returns are the same as for getopt(),
- plus `?' for an ambiguous match or an extraneous parame-
- ter.
-
-ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
- POSIXLY_CORRECT
- If this is set, then option processing stops as
- soon as a non-option argument is encountered.
-
-EXAMPLE
- The following example program, from the source code,
- illustrates the use of getopt_long() with most of its fea-
- tures.
-
- #include <stdio.h>
-
- int
- main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
- {
- int c;
- int digit_optind = 0;
-
- while (1)
- {
- int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
- int option_index = 0;
- static struct option long_options[] =
- {
- {"add", 1, 0, 0},
-
-
-
-GNU Aug 30, 1995 3
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-
-
-GETOPT(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETOPT(3)
-
-
- {"append", 0, 0, 0},
- {"delete", 1, 0, 0},
- {"verbose", 0, 0, 0},
- {"create", 1, 0, 'c'},
- {"file", 1, 0, 0},
- {0, 0, 0, 0}
- };
-
- c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abc:d:012",
- long_options, &option_index);
- if (c == -1)
- break;
-
- switch (c)
- {
- case 0:
- printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
- if (optarg)
- printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
- printf ("\n");
- break;
-
- case '0':
- case '1':
- case '2':
- if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
- printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.\n");
- digit_optind = this_option_optind;
- printf ("option %c\n", c);
- break;
-
- case 'a':
- printf ("option a\n");
- break;
-
- case 'b':
- printf ("option b\n");
- break;
-
- case 'c':
- printf ("option c with value `%s'\n", optarg);
- break;
-
- case 'd':
- printf ("option d with value `%s'\n", optarg);
- break;
-
- case '?':
- break;
-
- default:
- printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\n", c);
- }
- }
-
-
-
-GNU Aug 30, 1995 4
-
-
-
-
-
-GETOPT(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETOPT(3)
-
-
- if (optind < argc)
- {
- printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
- while (optind < argc)
- printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-
- exit (0);
- }
-
-BUGS
- This manpage is confusing.
-
-CONFORMING TO
- getopt():
- POSIX.1, provided the environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. Otherwise, the elements of
- argv aren't really const, because we permute them.
- We pretend they're const in the prototype to be
- compatible with other systems.
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-GNU Aug 30, 1995 5
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