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This file documents the support in OpenVPN for Android 4.0 and up.
This support is primarily used in the "OpenVPN for Android" app
(http://code.google.com/p/ics-openvpn/). For building see the developer
README: http://code.google.com/p/ics-openvpn/source/browse/doc/README.txt.
Android provides the VPNService API
(http://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/VpnService.html)
which allows establishing VPN connections without rooting the device.
Since all the interfaces are are Android specific the calls to this
interface are made from the UI instead of OpenVPN directly. The API
needs the following parameters:
- IP and netmask of tun interface
- Networks that should be routed to the tun interface
- DNS Servers and DNS Domain
- MTU
All IPs/Routes are in CIDR style. Non CIDR routes are not supported.
Notable is the lack of support for setting routes to other interfaces
usually used to avoid the server connection going over the tun
interface. The Android VPNService API has the concept of protecting
a socket from being routed over a interface. Calling protect (fd)
will internally bind the socket to the interface used for the
external connection (usually WiFi or mobile data).
To use OpenVPN with the VPNService API OpenVPN must be build with
the TARGET_ANDROID compile option. Also the UI must use a UNIX
domain socket to connect to OpenVPN. When compiled as TARGET_ANDROID
OpenVPN will use management callbacks instead of executing traditional
ifconfig/route commands use the need-ok callback mechanism which
will ask
> NEED-OK command
where command can be:
IFCONFIG6 IPv6/netmask
IFCONFIG local remoteOrNetmask MTU topology
To tell the UI which IPs addresses OpenVPN expects on the interface.
Topology is one of "net30","p2p","subnet" or "undef".
ROUTE6 network/netmask
ROUTE network netmask
To tell the UI which routes should be set on the tun interface.
DNSSERVER serverip
DNSDOMAIN searchdomain
To set the DNS server and search domain.
The GUI will then respond with a "needok 'command' ok' or "needok
'command' cancel', e.g. "needok 'IFCONFIG' ok".
PERSIST_TUN_ACTION
In Android 4.4-4.4.2 a bug exists that does not allow to open a new tun fd
while a tun fd is still open. When OpenVPN wants to open an fd it will do
this query. The UI should compare the last configuration of
the tun device with the current tun configuration and reply with either (or
always respond with OPEN_AFTER_BEFORE/OPEN_BEFORE_CLOSE)
- NOACTION: Keep using the old fd
- OPEN_AFTER_CLOSE: First close the old fd and then open a new to workaround the bug
- OPEN_BEFORE_CLOSE: the normal behaviour when the VPN configuration changed
For example the UI could respond with
needok 'PERSIST_TUN_ACTION' OPEN_AFTER_CLOSE
To protect a socket the OpenVPN will send a PROTECTFD to the UI.
When sending the PROTECTFD command command to the UI it will send
the fd of the socket as ancillary message over the UNIX socket.
The UI will then call protect(fd) on the received socket protecting
it from being routed over the VPN.
When opening a tun device the OpenVPN process will first send all
route, ifconfig and DNS related configuration to the UI and after
that calls the OPENTUN command to receive a tun fd with the requested
configuration. The UI will than use the collected information to
call the VPNService's establish() method to receive a fd which in
turn is send to the OpenVPN process as ancillary message to the
"needok 'OPENTUN' ok' response.
The OpenVPN for Android UI extensively uses other features that
are not specific to Android but are rarely used on other platform.
For example using SIGUSR1 and management-hold to restart, pause,
continue the VPN on network changes or the external key management
--management-external-key option and inline files.
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